1
|
AlAhmari F, Preethanath RS, Divakar DD, Ali D. Association of Peri-Implant Health Status With COVID-19. Int Dent J 2022; 73:443-448. [PMID: 36642571 PMCID: PMC9712070 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to evaluate peri-implant health status in patients infected with COVID-19 and control patients (individuals without COVID-19). METHODS This observational investigation was performed in adults with (test group) and without (control group) COVID-19 infection having at least 1 functional dental implant. Self-reported education status and daily frequency of toothbrushing and flossing was determined. A questionnaire was administered to record demographic data, brushing/flossing frequency, and education status. Periodontal examination comprised full-mouth assessment of clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and gingival index (GI). Peri-implant PD, modified PI, and modified gingival index were recorded. Loss of marginal and crestal bone around teeth and implants was also measured. Significance level was established for P < .05. RESULTS Seventy-three (41 males) and 71 (44 males) individuals were included in the test and control groups, respectively. Average ages of patients and controls were 44.6 ± 5.2 and 40.1 ± 3.1 years, respectively. University-level education was attained by 52 (75.3%) and 50 (70.4%) individuals in the test and control groups, respectively. Seventy (95.9%) and 68 (95.7%) patients and controls were brushing twice a day. Once-daily interproximal flossing was reported by 44 (60.3%) and 48 (67.6%) individuals in test and control groups. All participants had healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that there are no short-term adverse effects on the peri-implant tissues due to acute COVID-19 infection, and further well-controlled longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effect of the infection on these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah AlAhmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reghunathan S Preethanath
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Yuan Y, Xue H, Yu R, Huang H. MicroRNA sequence and function analysis in peri-implantitis and periodontitis: An animal study. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1043-1055. [PMID: 35944133 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare miRNA expression levels and predict relevant target genes and signaling pathways in peri-implantitis and periodontitis. BACKGROUND There are many differences between periodontitis and peri-implantitis. An understanding of the similarities and differences in the transcriptional patterns of these diseases, as well as the molecular mechanisms, is beneficial for the development of management strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat models of periodontitis (PD, n = 6) and peri-implantitis (PI, n = 5) were established by ligation. Implantation without ligation (PIC, n = 5) and normal rats (PDC, n = 6) were used as controls. Micro-CT was used to confirm the successful establishment of the model. Gingiva was harvested for miRNA transcriptome sequencing, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. miRNA target genes were predicted with miRTarBase. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. RESULTS Sixty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in PI vs. PD, 105 were differentially expressed in PI vs. PIC, and 70 were differentially expressed in PD vs. PDC (log2 FC ≥1 and padj <0.05). The upregulated genes in all three comparisons were mostly involved in the biological process response to stimulus, whereas most of the downregulated genes were involved in nervous system development (p < .01). The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD and PI vs. PIC were involved in Toll-like receptor signaling and RIG-I-like signaling. The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD were involved in T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, and osteoclast differentiation. Focal adhesion was downregulated in all three comparisons, and adherens junction was downregulated in PI vs. PD and PD vs. PDC (p < .1). CONCLUSION This study showed differences in the miRNA expression profiles between peri-implantitis and periodontitis and annotated the possible target genes and molecular mechanisms; this study could lay a foundation for the development of management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxiao Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Runping Yu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Le Gall-David S, Moussouni F, Sweidan A, Polard E, Bousarghin L, Jolivet-Gougeon A. SARS-CoV-2 and Prevotella spp.: friend or foe? A systematic literature review. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35511246 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During this global pandemic of the COVID-19 disease, a lot of information has arisen in the media and online without scientific validation, and among these is the possibility that this disease could be aggravated by a secondary bacterial infection such as Prevotella, as well as the interest or not in using azithromycin, a potentially active antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic literature review, to prove or disprove these allegations by scientific arguments. The search included Medline, PubMed, and Pubtator Central databases for English-language articles published 1999-2021. After removing duplicates, a total of final eligible studies (n=149) were selected. There were more articles showing an increase of Prevotella abundance in the presence of viral infection like that related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpesviridae and respiratory virus, highlighting differences according to methodologies and patient groups. The arguments for or against the use of azithromycin are stated in light of the results of the literature, showing the role of intercurrent factors, such as age, drug consumption, the presence of cancer or periodontal diseases. However, clinical trials are lacking to prove the direct link between the presence of Prevotella spp. and a worsening of COVID-19, mainly those using azithromycin alone in this indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Le Gall-David
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fouzia Moussouni
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alaa Sweidan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elisabeth Polard
- Teaching Hospital Rennes, Service de Pharmacovigilance, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Latifa Bousarghin
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Epstein-Barr Virus and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020250. [PMID: 33562820 PMCID: PMC7915238 DOI: 10.3390/v13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the use of dental implants in the last decades has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of peri-implant disease. It appears that viruses may have pathogenic potential for the development of this pathology. The objective of this systematic review is to study the possible association between the presence of Epstein–Barr virus and the development of peri-implantitis. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo and Embase databases for cross-sectional and case–control studies in humans published up to and including 4 January 2021. Five studies were included in the qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant difference regarding the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in the peri-implant sulcus between implants with peri-implantitis and healthy implants. In conclusion, no association between the human herpesvirus 4 and peri-implantitis was found. Further research on this topic is essential to develop more effective treatments.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kensara A, Hefni E, Williams MA, Saito H, Mongodin E, Masri R. Microbiological Profile and Human Immune Response Associated with Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:210-234. [PMID: 33016381 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence on the microbiological and human immune response associated with peri-implantitis in comparison to healthy implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched in October 2019 to identify clinical studies evaluating the microbiota and the immune response associated with peri-implantitis. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and used the full text to extract the data. A qualitative synthesis was performed on the extracted data and summary tables were prepared. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity among included studies, no meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Forty studies were included in this review. Of these, 20 studies compared the microbiological profile of peri-implantitis with healthy implants. Nineteen studies focused on the immune response associated with peri-implantitis in comparison to healthy implants. Three studies focus on gene polymorphism associated with peri-implantitis. The most commonly reported bacteria associated with peri-implantitis were obligate anaerobe Gram-negative bacteria (OAGNB), asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods (AAGPRs), and other Gram-positive species. In regard to immune response, the most frequently reported pro-inflammatory mediators associated with peri-implantitis were IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α. Osteolytic mediator, e.g., RANK, RANKL, Wnt5a and proteinase enzymes, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Cathepsin-K were also expressed at higher level in peri-implantitis sites compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implantitis is associated with complex and different microbiota than healthy implants including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and virus. This difference in the microbiota could provoke higher inflammatory response and osteolytic activity. All of this could contribute to the physiopathology of peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Kensara
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eman Hefni
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Ann Williams
- Health Sciences & Human Services Library, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hanae Saito
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emmanuel Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Zawawi AS. Contribution of fungi and viruses towards the etiopathogenesis peri-implantitis: A literature review of currently available evidence. SURGERY IN PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
7
|
Sahrmann P, Gilli F, Wiedemeier DB, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Karygianni L. The Microbiome of Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050661. [PMID: 32369987 PMCID: PMC7284896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in five databases was conducted. For inclusion, studies assessing the microbiome of peri-implantitis in otherwise healthy patients were considered. Literature was assessed for consistent evidence of exclusive or predominant peri-implantitis microbiota. Of 158 potentially eligible articles, data of 64 studies on 3730 samples from peri-implant sites were included in this study. Different assessment methods were described in the studies, namely bacterial culture, PCR-based assessment, hybridization techniques, pyrosequencing, and transcriptomic analyses. After analysis of 13 selected culture-dependent studies, no microbial species were found to be specific for peri-implantitis. After assessment of 28 studies using PCR-based methods and a meta-analysis on 19 studies, a higher prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia (log-odds ratio 4.04 and 2.28, respectively) was detected in peri-implantitis biofilms compared with healthy implants. Actinomyces spp., Porphyromonas spp. and Rothia spp. were found in all five pyrosequencing studies in healthy-, periodontitis-, and peri-implantitis samples. In conclusion, the body of evidence does not show a consistent specific profile. Future studies should focus on the assessment of sites with different diagnosis for the same patient, and investigate the complex host-biofilm interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.); (P.R.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-3412
| | - Fabienne Gilli
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.); (P.R.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.); (P.R.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.); (P.R.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (F.G.); (T.A.); (P.R.S.); (L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
How Does Epstein-Barr Virus Contribute to Chronic Periodontitis? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061940. [PMID: 32178406 PMCID: PMC7139403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is spreading worldwide and mutually interacts with systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Although periodontopathic bacteria are inevitable pathogens in their onset and progression, many cases are not ascribable to the virulence of these bacteria because the effect of plaque control is limited. In contrast, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the periodontium has been correlated with chronic periodontitis and has recently been considered as a promising pathogenic candidate for this disease. However, several important questions have yet to be addressed. For instance, although EBV latently infects more than 90% of individuals over the world, why do patients with chronic periodontitis exclusively harbor progeny EBV in the oral cavity? In addition, how does latently infected or reactivated EBV in the periodontium relate to the onset or progression of chronic periodontitis? Finally, is periodontitis incurable because EBV is the pathogen for chronic periodontitis? In this review, we attempt to answer these questions by reporting the current understanding of molecular relations and mechanisms between periodontopathic bacteria and EBV reactivation in the context of how this relationship may pertain to the etiology of chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Armitage GC. A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 82:12-25. [PMID: 31850629 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought-leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health-care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer-reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host-microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takahama A, de Lima HG, Ito FA, Ribeiro-Silva A, León JE. Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer Mimicking Peri-Implantitis in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:977-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
11
|
Akram Z, Al-Aali KA, Alrabiah M, Alonaizan FA, Abduljabbar T, AlAhmari F, Javed F, Vohra F. Current weight of evidence of viruses associated with peri-implantitis and peri-implant health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2042. [PMID: 30901504 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathological role of human herpesviruses (HHVs) (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], Human cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Herpes simplex virus [HSV]) in peri-implant health needs clarification quantitatively. To determine the weight of evidence for HHVs in patients with peri-implantitis (PI) and substantiate the significance of HHVs in peri-implant inflammation, electronic databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1964 up to and including November 2018. Meta-analyses were conducted for prevalence of HHVs in PI and healthy controls. Forest plots were generated that recorded risk difference (RD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five clinical studies were considered and included. Four clinical studies reported data on EBV while three clinical studies reported data on CMV. Considering the risk of these viruses in PI, significant heterogeneity for CMV (χ2 = 53.37, p < 0.0001, I2 = 96.25%) and EBV (χ2 = 14.14, p = 0.002, I2 = 78.79%) prevalence was noticed between PI and healthy control sites. The overall RD for only EBV (RD = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.01-0.40, p = 0.03) was statistically significant between both groups. Frequencies of the viruses were increased in patients with PI compared with healthy nondiseased sites. However, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution because of significant heterogeneity and small number of included studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- Department of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia (M512), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Abdullah Alonaizan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College Of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah AlAhmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naqvi AR, Shango J, Seal A, Shukla D, Nares S. Herpesviruses and MicroRNAs: New Pathogenesis Factors in Oral Infection and Disease? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2099. [PMID: 30319604 PMCID: PMC6170608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity incessantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms. Effective and efficient oral innate and adaptive immune responses are incumbent to maintain healthy mucosa. A higher prevalence of Human Herpesviruses (HHV), a family of large enveloped DNA viruses, has been reported in multiple oral inflammatory diseases suggesting their involvement in disease progression. However, the viral components contributing to oral disease remain obscure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-protein coding, single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate diverse messenger RNAs. Thus, miRNAs can control large repertoire of biological processes. Changes in miRNA expression are associated with various oral infections and diseases. Cellular miRNAs can act as pro- or anti-viral factors and dysregulation of host miRNA expression occurs during herpesviruses infection. This strongly suggest a critical role of cellular miRNAs in host-herpesvirus interaction. Interestingly, HHV also encode multiple miRNAs (called viral miRNAs) that may play key role in host-pathogen interaction by modulating both host biological pathways and controlling viral life cycle. Recent studies from our laboratory have identified viral miRNAs (v-miRs) in diseased oral tissue biopsies and demonstrate their immunomodulatory roles. This review discusses the association of miRNAs (both host and viral) and herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Shango
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Seal
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salvador Nares
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marques Filho JS, Gobara J, da Silva Salomao GV, Sumita LM, Shibli JA, Viana RG, Schwartz Filho HO, Pannuti CS, Braz-Silva PH, Pallos D. Cytokine Levels and Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Clinical Periodontal Healthy Subjects with Peri-Implantitis: A Case-Control Study. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6020625. [PMID: 30158834 PMCID: PMC6109554 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNF-α) and human herpesvirus (HSV1, HSV2, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV6, HHV7, and HHV8) in saliva samples taken from subjects with and without peri-implantitis. Forty-two periodontally healthy subjects were divided according to peri-implant condition: healthy and peri-implantitis groups. The clinical parameters as probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, gingival bleeding, bleeding on probing, and suppuration were evaluated. For cytokine detection, multiplex analysis was performed, and PCR assay was used to identify herpesviruses. No significant differences were found in cytokine levels between groups (p > 0.05). The presence of herpesvirus was 1.97-fold higher in patients with peri-implantitis (odds ratio, CI 0.52-7.49). The association of the presence or absence of herpesvirus with the salivary markers was statistically significant for MIP-1β (p = 0.0087) and TNF-α (p = 0.0437) only in the peri-implantitis group. The presence of herpesviruses in patients with peri-implantitis suggests the development of a proinflammatory environment, which is characterized by increased expression of MIP-1β and TNF-α in saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Gobara
- Department of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vargas da Silva Salomao
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Sumita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato G. Viana
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Binshabaib M, ALHarthi SS, Salehpoor D, Michelogiannakis D, Javed F. Contribution of herpesviruses in the progression of periodontal and peri-implant diseases in systemically healthy individuals. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e1996. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Munerah Binshabaib
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Danial Salehpoor
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health; University of Rochester; Rochester New York USA
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Departments of Community Dentistry and Oral Disease Prevention and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health; University of Rochester; Rochester New York USA
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health; University of Rochester; Rochester New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
This volume of Periodontology 2000 represents the 25th anniversary of the Journal, and uses the occasion to assess important advancements in periodontology over the past quarter-century as well as the hurdles that remain. Periodontitis is defined by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease involves complex dynamic interactions among active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses. Periodontal diagnostics is currently based on clinical rather than etiologic criteria, and provides limited therapeutic guidance. Periodontal causative treatment consists of scaling, antiseptic rinses and occasionally systemic antibiotics, and surgical intervention has been de-emphasized, except perhaps for the most advanced types of periodontitis. Plastic surgical therapy includes soft-tissue grafting to cover exposed root surfaces and bone grafting to provide support for implants. Dental implants are used to replace severely diseased or missing teeth, but implant overuse is of concern. The utility of laser treatment for periodontitis remains unresolved. Host modulation and risk-factor modification therapies may benefit select patient groups. Patient self-care is a critical part of periodontal health care, and twice-weekly oral rinsing with 0.10-0.25% sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable adjunct to conventional anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis treatments. A link between periodontal herpesviruses and systemic diseases is a strong biological plausibility. In summary, research during the past 25 years has significantly changed our concepts of periodontitis pathobiology and has produced more-effective and less-costly therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kato A, Imai K, Sato H, Ogata Y. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese peri-implantitis patients. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:148. [PMID: 29233156 PMCID: PMC5727789 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory reaction associated with functional deterioration of supporting bones around the dental implant. Recent studies suggested Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We investigated the association between EBV and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese PI patients. Methods Fifteen periodontally healthy individuals, 15 healthy implant patients and 15 PI patients were recruited. Forty five subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest probing pocket depth (PPD) site from each patient. Real-time PCR was used to detect EBV DNA and P. gingivalis. Results EBV and P. gingivalis were detected in 7 and 3 PPD sites of the healthy controls, in 9 and 4 PPD sites of the healthy implants, and in 13 and 14 PPD sites of the PI patients. P. gingivalis and coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis were detected significantly higher in the PI patients than healthy controls and healthy implant patients. EBV was detected significantly higher in the PI patients than healthy controls. Conclusions Higher levels of EBV and P. gingivalis were detected in PPD sites of PI patients. These results suggest that coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis may serve pathogenic factors cause for PI in Japanese dental patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kato
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 102-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Parthiban S, Ahmed N, Ramakrishnan T, Balakumar V, Raja M, Shekhar H. Herpes Simplex 1 and Periopathogen Role in Peri-implantitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:399-404. [PMID: 28512280 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to compare the qualitative and quantitative profiles of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) in implant surfaces between participants with peri-implantitis (PI) and Healthy peri-implant tissues and to quantitatively assess the relation between HSV-1 and periopathogens inside the microbiological profile associated with PI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients with PI and 40 with healthy peri-implant tissues (HI) were recruited. Plaque samples from peri-implant sulcus and internal implant connections were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and quantify HSV-1 and periodonto-pathogens. Frequencies of detection and levels of microorganisms were compared between PI and HI; the frequencies and levels of periodontopathogens were compared between HSV-1+ and HSV-1- PI to assess qualitative relations between HSV-1 and bacteria. Correlation between HSV-1 and periodontopatho-gens levels was assessed in PI and HI. RESULTS A total of 77 dental implants affected by PI, and 113 HIs were included. The HSV-1 prevalence was slightly higher in PI compared with controls (33.3 vs 23.8%; p > 0.05); HSV-1 was detected in external samples more frequently compared with internal samples. The HSV-1-positive patients revealed higher median loads of Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) compared with HSV-1-negative patients. In the PI group, a significant positive correlation was evidenced between HSV-1 and Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra (Pm), Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Cr levels, while in the HI, positive correlation between HSV-1 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Pi, and Pm was established. CONCLUSION The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify PI. The HSV-1 was found in similar levels of PI and HI patients after an average of 6 years of loaded implants. The HSV-1 prevalence cannot be used to identify implants with or without the presence of PI. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although HSV-1 is detected in PI site, HSV-1 may represent an unspecific indicator for the host response to the bacterial challenge observed in PI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Parthiban
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nizar Ahmed
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Ramakrishnan
- Department of Periodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Balakumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Raja
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pérez-Chaparro PJ, Duarte PM, Shibli JA, Montenegro S, Lacerda Heluy S, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Feres M. The Current Weight of Evidence of the Microbiologic Profile Associated With Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1295-1304. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Kheur M, Harianawala HH, Sethi T, Kheur S, Acharya A, Mattheos N. Human cytomegalovirus-1 and Epstein-Barr virus-1 viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments: a split-mouth study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7:396-400. [PMID: 26283012 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Human cytomegalovirus-1 (HCMV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus-1 (EBV-1) detection in submarginal plaque is linked to diseased states of the periodontium. In the present study, we evaluated the viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments by HCMV-1 and EBV-1 in a split-mouth study. METHODS Forty dental implant abutments placed in 20 non-smokers were evaluated retrospectively. Each participant had received at least one each of titanium and zirconia abutments (in function for at least 1 year). HCMV-1 and EBV-1 were evaluated in these clinically-healthy peri-implant sites' submarginal plaque biofilm at one titanium and one zirconia abutment, one healthy tooth site, and serum using polymerase chain reaction assays. Related-samples McNemar test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the differences in viral detection frequency and load, respectively. RESULTS EBV-1 was detected at the titanium abutment in 60% of participants, but in none at their zirconia abutment (P = 0.04). HCMV-1 was detected at the titanium abutments in 90% of participants, and at the zirconia abutments in 70% of participants. This difference was not significant (P = 0.25). The differences in HCMV-1 viral load between the abutment types were insignificant (P = 0.075). CONCLUSION EBV-1 did not colonize the biofilm at the zirconia abutments as opposed to the titanium abutments in the same participants. Abutment material could contribute to differences in biofilm characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kheur
- Department of Prosthodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Husain Hatim Harianawala
- Department of Prosthodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tania Sethi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Department of Periodontology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jakovljevic A, Andric M, Knezevic A, Milicic B, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Perunovic N, Nikolic N, Milasin J. Herpesviral-bacterial co-infection in mandibular third molar pericoronitis. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1639-1646. [PMID: 27620215 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the presence of herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria and to establish their potential association with pericoronitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty samples obtained with paper points (30 from pericoronitis and 20 controls) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. A single-stage and nested PCR assays were used to detect herpesviruses: human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and six periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, and Tannarella forsythia. RESULTS Pericoronitis samples harbored HCMV and EBV at significantly higher rates than the control group (70 vs. 40 % and 46.7 vs. 15 %, P = 0.035, P = 0.021, respectively). P. micra and T. forsythia (66.7 vs. 0 %, and 40 vs. 10 %, P = 0.001, P = 0.021, respectively) were significantly more common in pericoronitis compared to the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of T. forsythia was associated with pericoronitis development (OR 7.3, 95 % CI, 1.2-43.2, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION The occurrence of HCVM and EBV extends our previous knowledge on microbiota in pericoronitis. These PCR-based findings demonstrated that bacterial and viral DNA occurred concomitantly in pericoronitis samples. T. forsythia appeared to be significantly associated with pericoronitis development in the examined sample. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Herpesviral-bacterial co-infections might exacerbate the progression of pericoronitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Clinic of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.
| | - Miroslav Andric
- Clinic of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr. Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic
- Clinic of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Neda Perunovic
- Clinic of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Penarrocha-Oltra D, Monreal-Bello A, Penarrocha-Diago M, Alonso-Perez-Barquero J, Botticelli D, Canullo L. Microbial Colonization of the Peri-Implant Sulcus and Implant Connection of Implants Restored With Cemented Versus Screw-Retained Superstructures: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1002-11. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
22
|
Bagan L, Ocete-Monchon MD, Leopoldo-Rodado M, Murillo-Cortes J, Díaz-Fernández JM, Medina-Gonzalez R, Gimeno-Cardona C, Bagan JV. Prevalence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus in potentially malignant oral disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e157-60. [PMID: 26827058 PMCID: PMC4788793 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the presence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral disorders. Material and Methods Three groups were studied: Group 1 (12 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)), Group 2 (12 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMD)) and Group 3 (47 healthy controls). EBV DNA salivary analysis was performed by PCR. Results The highest percentage of positive salivary EBV DNA corresponded to the OSCC group (58.3%), followed by the PMD group (41.7%) and the controls (40.4%). The differences between groups were not statistically significant, however (p>0.05). Conclusions Salivary EBV DNA was more prevalent in OSCC than in PMD or the controls. Key words:EBV DNA, saliva, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bagan
- Oral Medicine Department, C/ Gasco Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Verdugo F, Laksmana T, Uribarri A. Systemic antibiotics and the risk of superinfection in peri-implantitis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 64:39-50. [PMID: 26761363 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis has emerged in the last few years as a complication difficult to resolve. The etiopathogenesis consensus is mainly attributed to bacteria. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a PubMed/Medline literature search was performed using the US National Library of Medicine database up to 2015 to analyze available scientific data on the rationale and risk of superinfection associated to systemic antimicrobials in human peri-implant disease. A hand search was also conducted on relevant medical and microbiology journals. The methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was independently assessed for quality on the selected papers. Proposed combined therapies use broad-spectrum antibiotics to halt the disease progression. A major associated risk, particularly when prescribed empirically without microbiological follow-up, is the undetected development of superinfections and overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens difficult to eradicate. Peri-implant superinfections with opportunistic bacteria, yeast and viruses, are plausible risks associated to the use of systemic antibiotics in immunocompetent individuals. Lack of microbiological follow-up and antibiotic susceptibility testing may lead to ongoing microbial challenges that exacerbate the disease progression. The increased proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, modern implant surface topography and indiscriminative empiric antibiotic regimens may promote the escalation of peri-implant disease in years to come. A personalized 3-month supportive therapy may help prevent risks by sustaining a normal ecological balance, decreasing specific pathogen proportions and maintaining ideal plaque control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Verdugo
- Department of Periodontics, VA Hospital, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, USA.
| | - Theresia Laksmana
- Advanced Periodontology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Agurne Uribarri
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Popovic J, Gasic J, Zivkovic S, Kesic L, Mitic A, Nikolic M, Milasin J. Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Chronic Periapical Lesions. Intervirology 2015; 58:271-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000441208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
Slots J. Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:28-45. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Gianella S, Smith DM, Daar ES, Dube MP, Lisco A, Vanpouille C, Margolis L, Haubrich RH, Morris SR. Genital Cytomegalovirus Replication Predicts Syphilis Acquisition among HIV-1 Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130410. [PMID: 26061824 PMCID: PMC4465639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are common among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). While behavioral factors are important in STI acquisition, other biological factors such as immune modulation due to chronic viral infection may further predispose to STI acquisition. Design Post Hoc analysis including data collected over 12 months of follow-up from 131 HIV-infected MSM receiving antiretroviral therapy and screened for incident bacterial STI every 3 months. Methods Genital secretions collected at baseline were used to measure herpesvirus replication and inflammatory cytokines. Baseline predictors of STI were determined using survival analysis of time to incident STI. Results All participants were seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), and 52% had detectable genital CMV at baseline. Thirty-five individuals acquired STI during follow-up, sometimes with multiple pathogen (17 syphilis, 21 gonorrhea, 14 chlamydia). Syphilis acquisition was associated with genital CMV replication at baseline (19.1% CMV-shedders versus 4.8% non-shedders, p=0.03) and younger age (p=0.02). Lower seminal MCP-1 was associated with higher seminal CMV levels and with syphilis acquisition (p<0.01). For syphilis acquisition, in multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazard model adjusted hazard rates were 3.56 (95%CI:1.00–12.73) for baseline CMV replication and 2.50 (0.92–6.77) for younger age. Conclusions This post hoc analysis suggest that CMV-associated decrease in seminal MCP-1 levels might predispose HIV-infected MSM to syphilis acquisition, but not other STI. Future studies should determine underlying mechanisms and if a causal association exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gianella
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Davey M Smith
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric S Daar
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P Dube
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Lisco
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christophe Vanpouille
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leonid Margolis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard H Haubrich
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sheldon R Morris
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|