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Zheng R, Bu C, Chen Y, Wei Y, Zhou B, Jiang Y, Zhu C, Wang K, Wang C, Li S, Han S, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Decreased intrinsic neural timescale in treatment-naïve adolescent depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:389-397. [PMID: 38160888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is mainly characterized by its core dysfunction in higher-order brain cortices involved in emotional and cognitive processes, whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. In this study, we applied a relatively new developed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) method of intrinsic neural timescale (INT), which reflects how long neural information is stored in a local brain area and reflects an ability of information integration, to investigate the local intrinsic neural dynamics using univariate and multivariate analyses in adolescent depression. METHOD Based on the rs-fMRI data of sixty-six treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD and fifty-two well-matched healthy controls (HCs), we calculated an INT by assessing the magnitude of autocorrelation of the resting-state brain activity, and then compared the difference of INT between the two groups. Correlation between abnormal INT and clinical features was performed. We also utilized multivariate pattern analysis to determine whether INT could differentiate MDD patients from HCs at the individual level. RESULT Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed shorter INT widely distributed in cortical and partial subcortical regions. Interestingly, the decreased INT in the left hippocampus was related to disease severity of MDD. Furthermore, INT can distinguish MDD patients from HCs with the most discriminative regions located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular, middle occipital gyrus, and cerebellar posterior lobe. CONCLUSION Our research aids in advancing understanding the brain abnormalities of treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD from the perspective of the local neural dynamics, highlighting the significant role of INT in understanding neurophysiological mechanisms. This study shows that the altered intrinsic timescales of local neural signals widely distributed in higher-order brain cortices regions may be the neurodynamic basis of cognitive and emotional disturbances in MDD patients, and provides preliminary support for the suggestion that these could be used to aid the identification of MDD patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Bu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Chendi Zhu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
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2
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Zhu Z, Wang S, Lee T, Zhang R. Habenula functional connectivity variability increases with disease severity in individuals with major depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:216-224. [PMID: 37088249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested the significant relationships between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the neural abnormalities of the Habenula (Hb). Yet, previous research on the relationships between Hb and MDD mainly focuses on the static descriptions of their functional connectivity. However, recent work suggests that the connectivity patterns are indeed dynamic, though related analysis and interpretation remain scarce. METHODS Using seed-based resting-state fMRI, the static (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between the Hb and whole-brain were calculated, including 51 clinical participants (MDDs) and 45 healthy controls (HCs). Association between the aberrant connectivity patterns and depressive symptomatology was also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, MDDs exhibited increased sFC from the left Hb to the right inferior temporal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), while sFC to the right calcarine gyrus decreased. Notably, we observed that dFC between the left Hb and the right supplementary motor area, right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), left inferior frontal gyrus as well as left occipital gyrus was weak in MDDs. Furthermore, sFC between the Hb and SFG correlated positively with the measured attention-related cognitive deficits. Importantly, there was a positive correlation between dFC between the Hb and PoCG and depressive severity. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the anomalous neural circuitry of Hb may underpin impaired attention disengagement, emotional modulation and motor inhibition associated with depressive symptoms such as rumination disposition and psychomotor retardation. This may open new avenues for studying the neuropathology mechanisms and guiding new treatment strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhu
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sibin Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tatia Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China.
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fox NA, Zeytinoglu S, Valadez EA, Buzzell GA, Morales S, Henderson HA. Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:537-561. [PMID: 36123776 PMCID: PMC10690832 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral Inhibition is a temperament identified in the first years of life that enhances the risk for development of anxiety during late childhood and adolescence. Amongst children characterized with this temperament, only around 40 percent go on to develop anxiety disorders, meaning that more than half of these children do not. Over the past 20 years, research has documented within-child and socio-contextual factors that support differing developmental pathways. This review provides a historical perspective on the research documenting the origins of this temperament, its biological correlates, and the factors that enhance or mitigate risk for development of anxiety. We review as well, research findings from two longitudinal cohorts that have identified moderators of behavioral inhibition in understanding pathways to anxiety. Research on these moderators has led us to develop the Detection and Dual Control (DDC) framework to understand differing developmental trajectories among behaviorally inhibited children. In this review, we use this framework to explain why and how specific cognitive and socio-contextual factors influence differential pathways to anxiety versus resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Selin Zeytinoglu
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emilio A. Valadez
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - George A. Buzzell
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Buhl C, Sfärlea A, Loechner J, Starman-Wöhrle K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Biased Maintenance of Attention on Sad Faces in Clinically Depressed Youth: An Eye-Tracking Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:189-201. [PMID: 34476682 PMCID: PMC9867681 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of negative attention biases (AB), central to cognitive models of adult depression, is yet unclear in youth depression. We investigated negative AB in depressed compared to healthy youth and tested whether AB are more pronounced in depressed than at-risk youth. Negative AB was assessed for sad and angry faces with an eye-tracking paradigm [Passive Viewing Task (PVT)] and a behavioural task [Visual Search Task (VST)], comparing three groups of 9-14-year-olds: youth with major depression (MD; n = 32), youth with depressed parents (high-risk; HR; n = 49) and youth with healthy parents (low-risk; LR; n = 42). The PVT revealed MD participants to maintain attention longer on sad faces compared to HR, but not LR participants. This AB correlated positively with depressive symptoms. The VST revealed no group differences. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a negative AB in maintenance of attention on disorder-specific emotional information in depressed compared to at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Loechner
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.424214.50000 0001 1302 5619German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elske Salemink
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Valadez EA, Pine DS, Fox NA, Bar-Haim Y. Attentional biases in human anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104917. [PMID: 36252826 PMCID: PMC9756271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Across clinical and subclinical samples, anxiety has been associated with increased attentional capture by cues signaling danger. Various cognitive models attribute the onset and maintenance of anxiety symptoms to maladaptive selective information processing. In this brief review, we 1) describe the evidence for the relations between anxiety and attention bias toward threat, 2) discuss the neurobiology of anxiety-related differences in threat bias, 3) summarize work investigating the developmental origins of attention bias toward threat, and 4) examine efforts to translate threat bias research into clinical intervention. Future directions in each area are discussed, including the use of novel analytic approaches improving characterization of threat-processing-related brain networks, clarifying the role of cognitive control in the development of attention bias toward threat, and the need for larger, well-controlled randomized clinical trials examining moderators and mediators of treatment response. Ultimately, this work has important implications for understanding the etiology of and for intervening on anxiety difficulties among children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Valadez
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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David OA, Magurean S. Positive Attention Bias Trained during the Rethink Therapeutic Online Game and Related Improvements in Children and Adolescents' Mental Health. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111600. [PMID: 36360328 PMCID: PMC9688550 DOI: 10.3390/children9111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Attentional bias towards positive stimuli is considered a resilience factor for mental health and well-being. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of an attentional bias training for positive faces in a preventive therapeutic game for children and adolescents. The sample of 54, which consisted of children and adolescents aged between 10-16 years, played the REThink game, which included an attentional bias training level based on the visual search paradigm, where children had the task to quickly find the happy face among other angry faces. We measured mental health, and positive and negative emotions and analyzed their associations between changes in attention bias. Attentional bias indicators demonstrated acceptable reliability and results showed that increases in attentional bias towards positive faces were associated with improvements in children and adolescents' conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems. Overall, our results support the protective role of training attentional bias towards positive faces as part of a preventive therapeutic game for children and adolescents.
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Shamai-Leshem D, Linetzky M, Bar-Haim Y. Attention Biases in Previously Depressed Individuals: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Depression Recurrence. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Bowman LC, McCormick SA, Kane-Grade F, Xie W, Enlow MB, Nelson CA. Infants' neural responses to emotional faces are related to maternal anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:152-164. [PMID: 33993507 PMCID: PMC9644832 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postnatal maternal anxiety is common (estimates as high as 40% prevalence) and is associated with altered mother-infant interactions (e.g., reduced maternal emotional expression and engagement). Neural circuitry supporting infants' face and emotion processing develops in their first year. Thus, early exposure to maternal anxiety may impact infants' developing understanding of emotional displays. We examine whether maternal anxiety is associated with individual differences in typically developing infants' neural responses to emotional faces. METHODS One hundred and forty two mother-infant dyads were assessed when infants were 5, 7, or 12 months old. Infants' electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded while passively viewing female happy, fearful, and angry faces. Three event-related potential (ERP) components, each linked to face and emotion processing, were evaluated: NC, N290, and P400. Infant ERP amplitude was related to concurrent maternal-report anxiety assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait form). RESULTS Greater maternal anxiety predicted more negative NC amplitude for happy and fearful faces in left and mid-central scalp regions, beyond covarying influences of maternal depression symptoms, infant negative emotionality, and infant age. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal maternal anxiety is related to infants' neural processing of emotional expressions. Infants of mothers endorsing high trait anxiety may need additional attentional resources to process happy and fearful faces (expressions less likely experienced in mother-infant interactions). Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying this association, given possibilities include experiential, genetic, and prenatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C. Bowman
- Center for Mind and Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Correspondence to: Lindsay C. Bowman, Center for Mind and Brain at UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA, USA, 95616
| | - Sarah A. McCormick
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Finola Kane-Grade
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Wanze Xie
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Charles A. Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA
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9
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Platt B, Sfärlea A, Buhl C, Loechner J, Neumüller J, Asperud Thomsen L, Starman-Wöhrle K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G. An Eye-Tracking Study of Attention Biases in Children at High Familial Risk for Depression and Their Parents with Depression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:89-108. [PMID: 33398688 PMCID: PMC8813682 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention biases (AB) are a core component of cognitive models of depression yet it is unclear what role they play in the transgenerational transmission of depression. 44 children (9-14 years) with a high familial risk of depression (HR) were compared on multiple measures of AB with 36 children with a low familial risk of depression (LR). Their parents: 44 adults with a history of depression (HD) and 36 adults with no history of psychiatric disorder (ND) were also compared. There was no evidence of group differences in AB; neither between the HR and LR children, nor between HD and ND parents. There was no evidence of a correlation between parent and child AB. The internal consistency of the tasks varied greatly. The Dot-Probe Task showed unacceptable reliability whereas the behavioral index of the Visual-Search Task and an eye-tracking index of the Passive-Viewing Task showed better reliability. There was little correlation between the AB tasks and the tasks showed minimal convergence with symptoms of depression or anxiety. The null-findings of the current study contradict our expectations and much of the previous literature. They may be due to the poor psychometric properties associated with some of the AB indices, the unreliability of AB in general, or the relatively modest sample size. The poor reliability of the tasks in our sample suggest caution should be taken when interpreting the positive findings of previous studies which have used similar methods and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - A. Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Loechner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany ,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Neumüller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - L. Asperud Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - K. Starman-Wöhrle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - E. Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Gong J, Wang J, Qiu S, Chen P, Luo Z, Wang J, Huang L, Wang Y. Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 33077728 PMCID: PMC7573621 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of intrinsic brain activity differences and similarities between major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is necessary. However, results have not yet yielded consistent conclusions. A meta-analysis of whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies that explored differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between patients (including MDD and BD) and healthy controls (HCs) was conducted using seed-based d mapping software. Systematic literature search identified 50 studies comparing 1399 MDD patients and 1332 HCs, and 15 studies comparing 494 BD patients and 593 HCs. MDD patients displayed increased ALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (including the medial orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]), bilateral insula extending into the striatum and left supramarginal gyrus and decreased ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral precuneus, and left occipital cortex compared with HCs. BD showed increased ALFF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula extending into the striatum, right SFG, and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and decreased ALFF in the bilateral precuneus, left cerebellum (extending to the occipital cortex), left ACC, and left STG. In addition, MDD displayed increased ALFF in the left lingual gyrus, left ACC, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus, and left STG and decreased ALFF in the right insula, right mPFC, right fusiform gyrus, and bilateral striatum relative to BD patients. Conjunction analysis showed increased ALFF in the bilateral insula, mPFC, and decreased ALFF in the left cerebellum in both disorders. Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that MDD and BD show a common pattern of aberrant regional intrinsic brain activity which predominantly includes the insula, mPFC, and cerebellum, while the limbic system and occipital cortex may be associated with spatially distinct patterns of brain function, which provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of brain dysfunction in affective disorders, and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Gong
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China ,grid.488525.6Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Junjing Wang
- grid.440718.e0000 0001 2301 6433Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Shaojuan Qiu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Pan Chen
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Jurong Wang
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Li Huang
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Cirillo A, Diniz E, Gadelha A, Asevedo E, Axelrud LK, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Bressan RA, Pan P, Mari JDJ. Population neuroscience: challenges and opportunities for psychiatric research in low- and middle-income countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:442-448. [PMID: 32267341 PMCID: PMC7430393 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Population neuroscience is an emerging field that combines epidemiology and neuroscience to study how genes and the environment shape typical and atypical brain functioning. The objective of this study was to review key studies on population neuroscience from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify potential gaps vis-à-vis studies conducted in high-income countries. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to search for longitudinal cohort studies investigating the development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in LMICs. We performed an electronic search in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to July 5th, 2019. Results: We found six cohorts from four countries that met our search criteria: three cohorts from Brazil, one from China, one from South Africa, and one from Mauritius. Relevant examples of findings from these studies are reported. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the impact of the valuable science output these cohort designs promote, allowing LMICs to have a share in frontline global psychiatry research. National and international funding agencies should invest in LMIC population neuroscience in order to promote replication and generalization of research from high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elton Diniz
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Global Mental Health Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luiza K Axelrud
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de J Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Influence of school factors on emotional disorder risk in Vietnamese middle school students. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.88664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined how school factors such as school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems influence the risk of emotional disorders in middle school students.Participants and procedureOur sample included 1085 middle school students, whose age ranges from 11 to 14, from Hanoi, which is a major city, and Backan, which is a rural area. Measurements included: 1) an emotional disorder scale (EDS) that was developed by the authors and 2) a self-report questionnaire using a Likert scale about relevant school factors, including school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems. We developed the EDS based on the stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms specified in the DSM-5 and the Conners Emotional Disorder Subscale that included somatic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral symptom manifestations.ResultsThe results showed that school factors were significantly correlated with emotional disorder risk in middle school students. School violence, academic problems, and problems with teachers could predict 39.6% of emotional disorder risk in middle school students, among which academic problems have the strongest effect and could best predict emotional disorder risk. These results suggest that future research should scrutinize ac-ademic pressure that middle school students face in order to develop emotional disorder prevention programs that help students.ConclusionsSchool factors, especially academic problems, had a negative influence on students. We suggest that educa-tors should consider reducing the academic challenge and workload for prevention of emotional disorder risk in middle school students. Additionally, it is necessary to develop a curriculum that meets the cognitive and cultural needs of students from rural areas.
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Cole DA, Zelkowitz RL, Nick EA, Lubarsky SR, Rights JD. Simultaneously examining negative appraisals, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reactivity in relation to depressive symptoms in children. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1527-1540. [PMID: 30837008 PMCID: PMC6722000 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prior theory and research have linked negative appraisals (NA), emotion reactivity (ER), and cognitive reactivity (CR) to depression; however, few studies have examined whether even two of these constructs simultaneously, but none have done so in child or adolescent populations. A total of 571 youths (ages 9-13) completed a novel procedure in which all three constructs were assessed in response to the same personally relevant, hypothetical, peer victimization events. Multilevel modeling enabled the extraction of dynamic, within-person, latent-variable measures of NA, ER, and CR. All three constructs were related to children's depressive symptoms in ways that were commensurate with most (but not all) theoretical frameworks. Gender and age differences also emerged. Support for an NA-predicts-ER-predicts-CR model suggests ways that these constructs can be integrated into a more complete, transtheoretical understanding of the cognitive-emotional substrate of depression in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Rachel L Zelkowitz
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nick
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Sophia R Lubarsky
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Jason D Rights
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
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Burris JL, Oleas D, Reider L, Buss K, Pérez-Edgar K, LoBue V. Biased Attention to Threat: Answering Old Questions with Young Infants. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 28:534-539. [PMID: 33758471 DOI: 10.1177/0963721419861415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For decades, researchers have been interested in humans' ability to quickly detect threat-relevant stimuli. Here we review recent findings from infant research on biased attention to threat, and discuss how these data speak to classic assumptions about whether attention biases for threat are normative, whether they change with development, and what factors might contribute to this developmental change. We conclude that while there is some stability in attention biases in infancy, various factors-including temperamental negative affect and maternal anxiety-also contribute to shaping the development of biased attention.
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de Lijster JM, Utens EMWJ, Dieleman GC, Alexander TM, Hillegers MHJ, Legerstee JS. Familial Aggregation of Cognitive Biases for Children with Anxiety Disorders. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aktar E, Van Bockstaele B, Pérez‐Edgar K, Wiers RW, Bögels SM. Intergenerational transmission of attentional bias and anxiety. Dev Sci 2019; 22:e12772. [PMID: 30428152 PMCID: PMC6590262 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Earlier evidence has revealed a bi-directional causal relationship between anxiety and attention biases in adults and children. This study investigated the prospective and concurrent relations between anxiety and attentional bias in a sample of 89 families (mothers, fathers, and first-born children). Parents' and children's attentional bias was measured when children were 7.5 years old, using both a visual probe task and visual search task with angry versus happy facial expressions. Generalized and social anxiety symptoms in parents and children were measured when children were 4.5 and 7.5 years old. Anxiety in parents and children was prospectively (but not concurrently) related to their respective attentional biases to threat: All participants showed a larger attentional bias to threat in the visual search (but not in the visual probe) task if they were more anxious at the 4.5 (but not at the 7.5) year measurement. Moreover, parents' anxiety levels were prospectively predictive of the visual search attentional bias of their children after controlling for child anxiety. More anxiety in mothers at 4.5 years was related to a faster detection of angry among happy faces, while more anxiety in fathers predicted a faster detection of happy among angry faces in children at 7.5 years. We found no direct association between parental and child attentional biases. Our study contributes to the recently emerging literature on attentional biases as a potential mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety by showing that parents' anxiety rather than parents' attentional bias contributes to the intergenerational transmission of risk for child anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin Aktar
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology UnitLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Child Development and EducationUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bram Van Bockstaele
- Department of Child Development and EducationUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Koraly Pérez‐Edgar
- Department of PsychologyChild Study CenterThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvania
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Susan M. Bögels
- Department of Child Development and EducationUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Teng C, Zhou J, Ma H, Tan Y, Wu X, Guan C, Qiao H, Li J, Zhong Y, Wang C, Zhang N. Abnormal resting state activity of left middle occipital gyrus and its functional connectivity in female patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:370. [PMID: 30477561 PMCID: PMC6258168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are more susceptible to major depressive disorder (MDD). A possible explanation is that women have a trait tendency to engage in a ruminative response style. Depending on cognitive model of depression, attention bias, memory bias and self-referential bias were closely related among depressed patients. Previous studies have explored the neural mechanism of the cognitive biases by using amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) or functional connectivity (FC), and few combined these two metrics, especially focusing on female patients. METHODS We assessed 25 female patients diagnosed with MDD and 13 well matched healthy controls (HCs) using Rs-fMRI. Two metrics ALFF and FC based on abnormal ALFF were explored and made comparisons. RESULTS Compared with HCs, female patients with MDD showed that one cluster with significantly decreased ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus(L-MOG). Furtherly we founded depressed female subjects showed significantly lower FC between the L-MOG seed and left orbitofrontal cortex, and significantly higher FC between the L-MOG seed and left medial prefrontal gyrus and left hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed L-MOG may act as a connection, which involved in the processing of cognitive biases of MDD by connected with limbic-cortical regions in resting state. These findings may enhance the understanding of the neurobiological mechanism in female patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Teng
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Nanjing PuKou Central Hospital, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yarong Tan
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Guan
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifen Qiao
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jijun Li
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- 0000 0001 0089 5711grid.260474.3School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
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The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies? Psychon Bull Rev 2018; 24:1686-1717. [PMID: 28092078 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-016-1224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For social animals, attending to and recognizing the emotional expressions of other individuals is of crucial importance for their survival and likely has a deep evolutionary origin. Gaining insight into how emotional expressions evolved as adaptations over the course of evolution can be achieved by making direct cross-species comparisons. To that extent, experimental paradigms that are suitable for investigating emotional processing across species need to be developed and evaluated. The emotional dot-probe task, which measures attention allocation toward emotional stimuli, has this potential. The task is implicit, and subjects need minimal training to perform the task successfully. Findings in nonhuman primates, although scarce, show that they, like humans, have an attentional bias toward emotional stimuli. However, the wide literature on human studies has shown that different factors can have important moderating effects on the results. Due to the large heterogeneity of this literature, these moderating effects often remain unnoticed. We here review this literature and show that subject characteristics and differences in experimental designs affect the results of the dot-probe task. We conclude with specific recommendations regarding these issues that are particularly relevant to take into consideration when applying this paradigm to study animals.
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Morales S, Brown KM, Taber-Thomas BC, LoBue V, Buss KA, Pérez-Edgar KE. Maternal anxiety predicts attentional bias towards threat in infancy. Emotion 2017; 17:874-883. [PMID: 28206795 PMCID: PMC5519443 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although cognitive theories of psychopathology suggest that attention bias toward threat plays a role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety, there is relatively little evidence regarding individual differences in the earliest development of attention bias toward threat. The current study examines attention bias toward threat during its potential first emergence by evaluating the relations between attention bias and known risk factors of anxiety (i.e., temperamental negative affect and maternal anxiety). We measured attention bias to emotional faces in infants (N = 98; 57 male) ages 4 to 24 months during an attention disengagement eye-tracking paradigm. We hypothesized that (a) there would be an attentional bias toward threat in the full sample of infants, replicating previous studies; (b) attentional bias toward threat would be positively related to maternal anxiety; and (c) attention bias toward threat would be positively related to temperamental negative affect. Finally, (d) we explored the potential interaction between temperament and maternal anxiety in predicting attention bias toward threat. We found that attention bias to the affective faces did not change with age, and that bias was not related to temperament. However, attention bias to threat, but not attention bias to happy faces, was positively related to maternal anxiety, such that higher maternal anxiety predicted a larger attention bias for all infants. These findings provide support for attention bias as a putative early mechanism by which early markers of risk are associated with socioemotional development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla M Brown
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State Universit
| | | | | | - Kristin A Buss
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State Universit
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Waters AM, Candy EM, Candy SG. Attention bias to threat in mothers with emotional disorders predicts increased offspring anxiety symptoms: a joint cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:892-903. [PMID: 28722537 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1349650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is convincing evidence of the transmission of anxiety and depression from parents to children; however, mechanisms by which this vulnerability is passed on are unclear. Cognitive models and a small body of cross-sectional research suggest that parental attention biases (ABs) may be one mechanism involved in transmission. Longitudinal associations of maternal and offspring ABs with offspring symptoms have been scarcely studied. Forty-three mothers-child dyads were included. All children (7-12 years old) were diagnosis-free while 24 mothers had a lifetime emotional disorder (anxiety or depression) (high risk, HR) and 19 mothers had no psychiatric diagnoses (low risk, LR). This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of maternal and child AB and child anxiety symptomology at initial and 12-month assessments. ABs were assessed using a visual-probe task with emotional faces. There was a significant cross-sectional but not longitudinal association of increased child anxiety symptoms with increased maternal threat AB for HR but not LR dyads. At the cross-sectional level, increases in HR but not LR offspring anxiety symptomology were associated with maternal threat AB. Larger longitudinal studies are required that examine the interplay between parent-child variables and include multiple time-points of assessment and measures of AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Waters
- a School of Applied Psychology , Griffith University , Mt Gravatt , Australia
| | - Elise M Candy
- a School of Applied Psychology , Griffith University , Mt Gravatt , Australia
| | - Steven G Candy
- b Scandy Statistical Modelling Pty Ltd , Blackmans Bay , Australia
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Ho TC, Zhang S, Sacchet MD, Weng H, Connolly CG, Henje Blom E, Han LKM, Mobayed NO, Yang TT. Fusiform Gyrus Dysfunction is Associated with Perceptual Processing Efficiency to Emotional Faces in Adolescent Depression: A Model-Based Approach. Front Psychol 2016; 7:40. [PMID: 26869950 PMCID: PMC4740953 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While the extant literature has focused on major depressive disorder (MDD) as being characterized by abnormalities in processing affective stimuli (e.g., facial expressions), little is known regarding which specific aspects of cognition influence the evaluation of affective stimuli, and what are the underlying neural correlates. To investigate these issues, we assessed 26 adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 37 well-matched healthy controls (HCL) who completed an emotion identification task of dynamically morphing faces during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We analyzed the behavioral data using a sequential sampling model of response time (RT) commonly used to elucidate aspects of cognition in binary perceptual decision making tasks: the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model. Using a hierarchical Bayesian estimation method, we obtained group-level and individual-level estimates of LBA parameters on the facial emotion identification task. While the MDD and HCL groups did not differ in mean RT, accuracy, or group-level estimates of perceptual processing efficiency (i.e., drift rate parameter of the LBA), the MDD group showed significantly reduced responses in left fusiform gyrus compared to the HCL group during the facial emotion identification task. Furthermore, within the MDD group, fMRI signal in the left fusiform gyrus during affective face processing was significantly associated with greater individual-level estimates of perceptual processing efficiency. Our results therefore suggest that affective processing biases in adolescents with MDD are characterized by greater perceptual processing efficiency of affective visual information in sensory brain regions responsible for the early processing of visual information. The theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of our results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | - Helen Weng
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San FranciscoCA, USA; Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockhold, Sweden
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Nisreen O Mobayed
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
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