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Couturas J, Jost J, Schadler L, Bodeau N, Moysan V, Lescarret B, Olliac B, Calvet B. Impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on psychotropic drug use in children and adolescents in France. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:119. [PMID: 39285493 PMCID: PMC11406773 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the world faced a pandemic brought about by a severe acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The spread of this virus has profoundly affected societies, particularly in terms of their economic, human and social dimensions, as well as their healthcare systems. Several restrictive measures (reduced social interaction, periodic school closures,…) had to be taken to contain the spread of the virus. These measures have had an impact on the psychological well-being of both adults and children. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in psychotropic drugs prescriptions for children and adolescents living in Limousin, a French region, over the period 2018 to 2021. METHODS The consumption of psychotropic drugs was studied using a national database of drug reimbursement. These data were extracted and supplied from the nationwide French reimbursement healthcare system database (SNDS). The following therapeutic classes were studied: N05A (antipsychotics), N05B (anxiolytics), N05C (hypnotics and sedatives), N06A (antidepressants) and N06B (psychostimulants). Data were collected for insured persons under the age of 18 who received at least one reimbursement for a psychotropic drug between 2018 and 2021. RESULTS Over a 4-year period, 7949 patients under the age of 18 were included with an average age of 12.1 years and a sex ratio of 0.97 M/F. The number of patients increased from 2018 to 2021, as did the number of reimbursements. We observed a statistically significant difference of means of patients reimbursed per week for on five therapeutic classes, with the greatest difference in 2021 (p < 0.0001). An increase in the number of patients of between + 20.7% and + 689% was observed, depending on the drug classes studied. Comparisons between the COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 periods showed a significantly higher COVID average for psychotropic drugs reimbursements in general and individually for all classes except psychostimulants. CONCLUSION The results show a significant increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs among youth. The increase in psychotropic drug use was continuous and progressive throughout the pandemic. All five classes were increased, but particularly anxiolytics and antidepressants. The COVID-19 context may have been at the origin of a deterioration in the mental health of children and adolescents, or of a heightened awareness of psychiatric care among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Couturas
- Pharmacy Departement, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000, Limoges, France.
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMact- Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Research and Innovation unit, 87000, Limoges, France.
| | - Jérémy Jost
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMact- Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Pharmacy Department, University Hospital of Limoges, Avenue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Schadler
- Pharmacy Departement, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Bodeau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, 2 rue du docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Bertrand Olliac
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMact- Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Research and Innovation unit, 87000, Limoges, France
- Departement of child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Inserm U1094, IRD UMR270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMact- Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Centre Memoire de Ressources Et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000, Limoges, France
- University center for adult and geriatric psychiatry and addictology, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000, Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Research and Innovation unit, 87000, Limoges, France
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Askari MS, Belsky DW, Olfson M, Breslau J, Mojtabai R, Kajeepeta S, Bruzelius E, Keyes KM. An integrative literature review of birth cohort and time period trends in adolescent depression in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:899-915. [PMID: 37428192 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this literature review is to examine evidence of time trends and birth cohort effects in depressive disorders and symptoms among US adolescents in peer-reviewed articles from January 2004 to April 2022. METHODS We conducted an integrative systematic literature review. Three reviewers participated at different stages of article review. Of the 2234 articles identified in three databases (Pubmed, ProQuest Central, Ebscohost), 10 met inclusion criteria (i.e., adolescent aged United States populations, included information about birth cohort and survey year, focused on depressive symptoms/disorders). RESULTS All 10 articles observed increases in depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents across recent survey years with increases observed between 1991 and 2020. Of the 3 articles that assessed birth cohort trends, birth cohort trends were less prominent than time period trends. Proposed explanations for increases included social media, economic-related reasons, changes in mental health screening and diagnosis, declining mental health stigma, increased treatment, and, in more recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Multiple cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies documented rising prevalence of depressive symptoms and disorder among adolescents from 1991 to 2020. Mechanisms driving this increase are still unknown. Research to identify these mechanisms is needed to inform depression screening and intervention efforts for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Askari
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sandhya Kajeepeta
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emilie Bruzelius
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Nazzal H, Baccar M, Ziad T, Al-Musfir T, Al Emadi B, Matoug-Elwerfelli M, Narasimhan S, Khan Y, Reagu S. Prevalence of anxiety, sleep bruxism and temporomandibular disorders during COVID-19 in Qatari children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:787-795. [PMID: 37848680 PMCID: PMC10657298 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic social restrictions on the lives of children and adolescents is of utmost importance to enable timely diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of anxiety, sleep bruxism, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and change in dietary and brushing habits and their association with COVID-19 social restrictions. METHODS Parents of fit and healthy Qatari children and adolescents were recruited and interviewed by the research team, whereby validated questioners were used to assess the prevalence of children's/adolescents' anxiety, sleep bruxism and TMD. Furthermore, changes in dietary and brushing habits were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 199 parents of children and adolescents (mean age = 9.3 ± 3.2 years old) were included. Overall anxiety symptoms, sleep bruxism and TMD were evident in 29.6%, 5.7% and 23.1%, respectively. An increased consumption of food, sweets and worsening of brushing habits were evident in 51.8%, 62.8% and 31.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, pandemic-related social restrictions could result in elevated levels of anxiety, specifically, social phobia, amongst children and adolescents, which could inevitably lead to unwanted dental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nazzal
- Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Baccar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - T Ziad
- Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- NYU Langone Dental Medicine, Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Pediatric Dental Services, Sun Life Health, Casa Grande, Arizona, USA
| | - T Al-Musfir
- Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - B Al Emadi
- Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - S Narasimhan
- Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Y Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Reagu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Silber AS, Platte S, Kumar A, Arora S, Kadioglu D, Schmidt M, Storf H, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM. Admission rates and clinical profiles of children and youth with eating disorders treated as inpatients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a German university hospital. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1281363. [PMID: 38098830 PMCID: PMC10720619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children and youth at risk for mental health disorders, such as eating disorders (ED), were particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet evidence for the most seriously affected and thus hospitalized youth in Germany is scarce. Methods This crosssectional study investigated anonymized routine hospital data (demographic information, diagnoses, treatment modalities) of patients admitted (n = 2,849) to the Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (DCAPPP) of a German University Hospital between 01/2016 and 02/2022. Absolute and relative number of inpatients with or without ED prior to (01/2016-02/2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (03/2020-02/2022) were compared. The effect of school closures as part of social lockdown measures for COVID-19 mitigation on inpatient admission rate was explored as it has been discussed as a potential risk factor for mental health problems in youth. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, ED inpatient admission rate increased from 10.5 to 16.7%, primarily driven by Anorexia Nervosa (AN). In contrast to previous reports, we found no change in somatic and mental disorder comorbidity, age or sexratio for hospitalized youth with ED. However, we did observe a shortened length of hospital stay (LOS) for hospitalized youth with and without ED. In addition, non-ED admissions presented with an increased number of mental disorder comorbidities. In contrast to our hypothesis, school closures were not related to the observed increase in ED. Discussion In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased rate of inpatient treatment for youth suffering from AN, and of youth affected by multiple mental disorders. Accordingly, we assume that inpatient admission was prioritized for individuals with a higher burden of disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings pinpoint the need for adequate inpatient mental health treatment capacities during environmental crises, and a further strengthening of child and adolescence psychiatry services in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sophie Silber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simeon Platte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Afsheen Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sukhdeep Arora
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Kadioglu
- Institute of Medical Informatics (IMI), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marvin Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Informatics (IMI), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger Storf
- Institute of Medical Informatics (IMI), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Borozdenko DA, Gonchar DI, Bogorodova VI, Tarasenko DV, Kramarova EP, Khovanova SS, Golubev YV, Kiseleva NM, Shmigol TA, Ezdoglian AA, Sobyanin KA, Negrebetsky VV, Baukov YI. The Antidepressant Activity of a Taurine-Containing Derivative of 4-Phenylpyrrolidone-2 in a Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16564. [PMID: 38068887 PMCID: PMC10705968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a new compound, potassium 2-[2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl) acetamido]ethanesulfonate (Compound I), in depression. Willner's chronic unpredictable mild stress model of male Wistar rats was used as a depression model. The rats were randomized into four groups, including an intact group, a Compound I group, a Fluoxetine group, and a control group with saline. Behavioral tests, such as the Porsolt forced swim test, hole-board test, elevated plus maze test, and light-dark box, were used to assess the animals' conditions. Our results demonstrated that Compound I effectively reduced the immobilization time of rats in the forced swim test, increased orientation and exploratory behavior, and decreased the latency period of going into the dark compartment compared to the control group. Hippocampal and striatal serotonin concentrations were increased in the Compound I group, and the compound also reduced the level of corticosterone in the blood plasma of rats compared to the intact animals. These results suggest that Compound I has reliable antidepressant activity, comparable to that of the reference antidepressant Fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuri I. Baukov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.B.); (D.I.G.); (V.I.B.); (D.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (S.S.K.); (Y.V.G.); (N.M.K.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.E.); (K.A.S.); (V.V.N.)
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Ludwig-Walz H, Dannheim I, Pfadenhauer LM, Fegert JM, Bujard M. Anxiety increased among children and adolescents during pandemic-related school closures in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:74. [PMID: 37344892 PMCID: PMC10286360 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the heterogenous evidence, a systematic review of the change in anxiety in European children and adolescents associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking. We therefore assessed the change compared with pre-pandemic baselines stratified by gender and age as well as evaluated the impact of country-specific restriction policies. METHODS A registration on the 'International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews' (PROSPERO) occurred and an a priori protocol was published. We searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19) using a peer-reviewed search string with citation tracking and grey literature screening. Primary outcomes were: (1) general anxiety symptoms; and (2) clinically relevant anxiety rates. We used the Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index as an indicator of pandemic-related restrictions. Screening of title/abstract and full text as well as assessing risk of bias (using the 'Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Exposure' [ROBINS-E]) and certainty of evidence (using the 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' [GRADE]) was done in duplicate. We pooled data using a random effects model. Reporting is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS Of 7,422 non-duplicate records, 18 studies with data from 752,532 pre-pandemic and 763,582 pandemic participants met full inclusion criteria. For general anxiety symptoms the total change effect estimate yielded a standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.51) and for clinically relevant anxiety rates we observed an odds ratio of 1.08 (95%-CI, 0.98-1.19). Increase in general anxiety symptoms was highest in the 11-15 years age group. Effect estimates were higher when pandemic-related restrictions were more stringent (Oxford Stringency Index > 60: SMD, 0.52 [95%-CI, 0.30-0.73]) and when school closures (School Closure Index ≥ 2: SMD, 0.44 [95%-CI, 0.23-0.65]) occurred. CONCLUSION General anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents in Europe increased in a pre/during comparison of the COVID-19 pandemic; particularly for males aged 11-15 years. In periods of stringent pandemic-related restrictions and/or school closures a considerable increase in general anxiety symptoms could be documented. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022303714.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indra Dannheim
- Regional Innovative Centre of Health and Quality of Live Fulda (RIGL), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Pfadenhauer
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Competence Domain Mental Health Prevention, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Bujard
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Theuring S, Kern M, Hommes F, Mall MA, Seybold J, Mockenhaupt FP, Glatz T, Kurth T. Generalized anxiety disorder in Berlin school children after the third COVID-19 wave in Germany: a cohort study between June and September 2021. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:1. [PMID: 36597131 PMCID: PMC9808730 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents worldwide have disproportionally been affected in their psychological health and wellbeing. We conducted a cohort study among German school children, aiming at assessing levels of general anxiety disorder (GAD) and identifying associated factors in the second pandemic year. METHODS A cohort of 660 students from 24 Berlin schools was recruited to fill in questionnaires including the GAD-7 tool on anxiety symptoms at three time points between June and September 2021. To adjust for non-random attrition, we applied inverse probability weighting. We describe reported GAD levels stratified by time point, sex, and school type and report odds ratios from univariate logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 551 participants (83%) filled in at least one questionnaire at any time point. At the first time point in June 2021, 25% of the children and adolescents reported anxiety symptoms with a GAD-7 score ≥ 5, decreasing to 16% in August 2021 directly after the summer holidays and rising again to 26% in September 2021. The majority of reported anxiety levels belonged to the least severe category. Being female, attending secondary school, coming from a household with lower education or with lower income level, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 were significantly linked with reporting anxiety symptoms. Preceding COVID-19 infection and anxiety were negatively associated. CONCLUSION Overall, anxiety in school children was lower in mid-2021 than in the first pandemic year, but still double compared to pre-pandemic data. Reporting of anxiety symptoms during the second pandemic year was especially high in females and in secondary school students. Policy makers should pay additional attention to the mental health status of school children, even as the pandemic situation might stabilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Theuring
- Institute of International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mascha Kern
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Hommes
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Seybold
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Medical Directorate, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank P. Mockenhaupt
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toivo Glatz
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kurth
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Ludwig-Walz H, Dannheim I, Pfadenhauer LM, Fegert JM, Bujard M. Increase of depression among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:109. [PMID: 36587221 PMCID: PMC9805372 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research points to a high depression burden among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a lack of systematic evidence exists. We determine the change in depression symptoms among children and adolescents during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic baselines. By using country differences in pandemic-related restrictions and school closures in Europe as quasi-experimental design, we evaluate policy impacts on depression. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, following the PRISMA statement, we searched six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19) using a peer-reviewed search string up until March 18, 2022 with citation tracking and grey literature searches. No limitations regarding language and effect measures existed. We included studies that compared (1) general depression symptoms or (2) clinically relevant depression rates in children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The validated Oxford Stringency Index was used as indicator for pandemic-related restrictions. Screening for eligibility, extracting data from published reports and from unpublished data requested directly from study authors, assessing the study risk of bias and grading certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach, were all done in duplicate. Data were pooled in a random-effects model. PROSPERO CRD42022303714. RESULTS Of 7,422 nonduplicate records, 22 studies with data from 868,634 participants pre-pandemic and 807,480 during pandemic, met full inclusion criteria. For the comparison of depression symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, moderate certainty of evidence was observed for general depression symptoms (standardized mean difference, 0.21 [95%CI, 0.12-0.30]; I2 = 94%) and low certainty of evidence for clinically relevant depression rates (odds ratio, 1.36 [95%CI, 1.05-1.76]; I2 = 95%) for total population. Increase in general depression symptoms was higher for male adolescents, whereas increase in clinically relevant depression rates was higher for females. Effect estimates were significantly higher when pandemic-related restrictions were more stringent or school closure occurred. CONCLUSION An increase in depression symptoms occurred in a pre-pandemic vs. during-pandemic comparison within the COVID-19 pandemic, whereby pandemic-related restrictions (such as school closures) resulted in a considerable effect increase. Ensuring adequate supply of mental health recovery services and long-term monitoring is of high public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indra Dannheim
- Regional Innovative Centre of Health and Quality of Live Fulda (RIGL), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Pfadenhauer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Competence Domain Mental Health Prevention, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Bujard
- Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zu DM, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhang LJ, Zhang XF, Chabowski M, Zhu YC, Zhao JX. Mental health status of infected children between 7 to 12 years old in Fangcang Shelter Hospital during the COVID-19 Shanghai lockdown in 2022: a cross-section study. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1864-1871. [PMID: 36506764 PMCID: PMC9732600 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in research on the potential adverse effects on children's mental health, especially depression and anxiety, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past few months. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate depression and anxiety symptoms among children in shelter hospitals during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown. METHODS A total of 98 infected children aged 7-12 years were enrolled in this study between April 19 and June 4, 2022. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Anxiety Scale for Children-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASC-ASD), and Anxiety Scale or Children-Autism Spectrum Disorder Parent Form (ASC-ADS-P) were used to assess children's depression and anxiety symptoms. Children's guardians completed the survey by verbally asking their child/children the questions. The guardians additionally completed the ASC-ASD-P. RESULTS The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 12.2% and 13.3%, respectively. A total of 66 respondents reported no physical symptoms. Linear regression showed that myalgia [7.198, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.163-11.232], headache (7.189, 95% CI: 3.842-10.535) coryza (5.362, 95% CI: 2.654-8.070), and number of quarantine days (4.378, 95% CI: 3.409-5.348) were significantly correlated with higher levels of depression, whereas chills (14.337, 95% CI: 9.799-18.875), coryza (9.309, 95% CI: 6.467-12.152), headache (7.193, 95% CI: 3.182-11.204), myalgia (5.571, 95% CI: 0.684-10.459), number of quarantine days (3.190, 95% CI: 1.796-4.584), and gender (male) (-4.137, 95% CI: -6.609 to 1.665) were associated with anxiety scores. Persistent fever was correlated with depression (P=0.007), whereas physical discomfort, such as persistent fever, cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and coryza were correlated with anxiety (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicated a moderate prevalence of depression and anxiety among infected children in a shelter hospital during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown. Therefore, the findings of this study could provide scientific basis for the development of targeted psychological intervention. It could be helpful for policy-makers to focus on psychological health among infected children and help to optimize future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Zu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Communications, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Division of Anaesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Youth League Committee, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Hospital, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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10
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Alharbi M, Pasha SA, Jehan M. Investigating the Relationship between COVID-19 and Depression on Faculty and Students of Qassim University. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate impact of fear of COVID-19 on depression among students and faculty members at Qassim University.
METHODOLOGY: Survey approach is used. Population of the study was students and faculty members from public sector universities. Non-probability snow ball technique was used. Total 200 questionnaires were distributed and 165 completed received and used in the analysis. SPSS 25 is used for data treatment.
RESULTS: The findings revealed that there is a significant association between predictors and criterion. Moreover, fear of exposing to corona virus is held responsible for increasing depression among individuals.
CONCLUSIONS: Following ministry of health guidelines and getting vaccinate is only way to reduce the chance of exposing to COVID-19.
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11
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Dror C, Hertz-Palmor N, Yadan-Barzilai Y, Saker T, Kritchmann-Lupo M, Bloch Y. Increase in Referrals of Children and Adolescents to the Psychiatric Emergency Room Is Evident Only in the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Evaluating 9156 Visits from 2010 through 2021 in a Single Psychiatric Emergency Room. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158924. [PMID: 35897293 PMCID: PMC9332552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the wellbeing of children and adolescents. The psychiatric emergency room (ER) is the hub of psychiatric emergencies and reflects clinically significant mental problems. Previous studies compared 2019 and 2020 and observed a decline in ER referrals. The current study focused on the continuous trend of referrals from 2010 to the end of 2021. Method: In our observational retrospective study, we procured data from 9156 child and adolescent referrals to our psychiatric ER. The comparison was made based on similar months of each year. Results: There was a significant positive trend in monthly referrals between 2010 and 2021, representing a similar increase in referrals per month in comparison to that month in the preceding year (unstandardized β = 4.21, 95% CI = 3.44 to 4.98, p < 0.0001). Between March 2020 and February 2021 (monthly visits = 72.5 + 16.6 [median = 79.5], annual referrals = 870), we observed no additive effect beyond this general trend after controlling for population growth. Conversely, between March and December 2021 (monthly referrals = 106.1 + 31.8 [median = 105.5], overall referrals = 1061) we observed a significant additive effect beyond the projected incline, as predicted by previous years (β = 21.61, 95% CI = 12.12 to 31.06, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was no different from the continuous decade long rise of referrals to the children and adolescents’ psychiatric ER. Conversely, the second year showed an additional incline beyond the general trend. The complexity in this rising need demands the awareness of clinicians and policy makers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dror
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel; (Y.Y.-B.); (T.S.); (M.K.-L.); (Y.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (N.H.-P.)
| | - Nimrod Hertz-Palmor
- The Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Sheba Medical Center, Edmund and Lily Safra’s Children Hospital, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (N.H.-P.)
| | - Yael Yadan-Barzilai
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel; (Y.Y.-B.); (T.S.); (M.K.-L.); (Y.B.)
| | - Talia Saker
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel; (Y.Y.-B.); (T.S.); (M.K.-L.); (Y.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maya Kritchmann-Lupo
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel; (Y.Y.-B.); (T.S.); (M.K.-L.); (Y.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon 45100, Israel; (Y.Y.-B.); (T.S.); (M.K.-L.); (Y.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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12
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Plötner M, Moldt K, In-Albon T, Schmitz J. Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. DIE PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9243913 DOI: 10.1007/s00278-022-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie mehren sich Befunde zu ihrem negativen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bisher ist jedoch wenig darüber bekannt, ob und wie sich dies auf die psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen niederschlägt. Ziel der Arbeit Die psychische Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie ihre psychotherapeutische Versorgung seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie sollen aus Sicht von Kinder- und JugendlichenpsychotherapeutInnen (KJP) erfasst werden. Material und Methoden Es wurden 324 KJP aus Deutschland in einer Online-Umfrage gebeten, die letzten 6 Monate mit einem 6‑monatigen Zeitraum vor 2 Jahren zu vergleichen. Fünf- und 7‑stufige Likert-Skalen, Fragen mit Mehr- und Einfachauswahl sowie numerische und ein freies Antwortformat wurden verwendet. Ergebnisse Seit Pandemiebeginn haben sich die Wartezeiten nahezu verdoppelt. Es werden mehr Behandlungsstunden angeboten, v. a. mehr Erstgespräche durchgeführt. Therapieverlängerungen kommen häufiger, -abbrüche seltener vor. Bei der Hälfte der PatientInnen ist eine pandemieassoziierte Symptomverschlechterung aufgetreten. Alle erfragten psychischen Störungen treten z. T. deutlich häufiger auf (v. a. Depressionen, Angststörungen, Medienabhängigkeit, Schlaf‑, Anpassungs‑, Zwangs- und Essstörungen). Es erfolgen mehr Telefon- und Videositzungen als vor der Pandemie. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern hat sich verstärkt, die mit dem interdisziplinären Netzwerk verringert. Diskussion Die Pandemie hat einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die psychische Verfassung und die psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Eine Anpassung des Versorgungssystems an den gestiegenen Bedarf wird vorgeschlagen, um mögliche Folgeschäden der Pandemie zu begrenzen. Zusatzmaterial online Die Online-Version dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s00278-022-00604-y) enthält die detaillierten Fragen des Fragebogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plötner
- Abteilung Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9–19, 04109 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Katja Moldt
- Abteilung Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9–19, 04109 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Landau, Deutschland
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Abteilung Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9–19, 04109 Leipzig, Deutschland
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Banaschak H, Fauser D, Sternberg A, Zollmann P, Streibelt M, Bethge M. The Decline in Medical Rehabilitation for Children and Adolescents in Germany in the First Year of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:350-351. [PMID: 35974462 PMCID: PMC9468470 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Banaschak
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübec, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Fauser
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübec, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Sternberg
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübec, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pia Zollmann
- Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Bethge
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübec, Lübeck, Germany
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14
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Czaplicki A, Reich H, Hegerl U. Lockdown Measures Against the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Negative Effects for People Living With Depression. Front Psychol 2022; 13:789173. [PMID: 35185723 PMCID: PMC8854217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures to restrict the spread of the virus correlated with limitations in healthcare and changes in depression-related lifestyle elements (loss of daily structure, lack of exercise, and extended bed and sleep time) for depressed patients, both of which are known to negatively affect the course of depression. This paper examines, (i) the reporting of a worsening state of illness as a result of COVID-19-related measures among individuals with depressive disorders; and (ii) whether this worsening was related to restrictions in healthcare for depression or changes in depression-related lifestyle. The analysis was based on a population-representative survey of the German population aged 18-69 years (N = 5,135 respondents, comprising a subgroup of n = 1,038 persons suffering from depression and n = 598 persons who spent the lockdown primarily in home isolation). The key findings were: 49% (n = 505) of respondents with self-reported diagnosed depression reported that the measures against the pandemic had a negative impact on their depressive illness (new depressive episode, worsening of symptoms, suicidal impulses, suicide attempt, and other negative consequences). Of those who reported impaired access to healthcare for their depressive illness, 70% (n = 276) also reported a worsening of their depressive illness. This was a significantly higher percentage than those who did not experience impaired access to healthcare (36%, n = 229, p < 0.001). Of those who reported changes in depression-related lifestyle (loss of daily structure, lack of exercise, or extended bed and sleep time), 58% (n = 308) reported a worsening of their depressive illness. This was a significantly higher percentage than those who did not exhibit any of the outlined behaviours (28%, n = 19, p < 0.001). Worsening of the depressive illness was most common among those who reported a lack of daily structure or extended bedtimes (67%; n = 230 resp. N = 226). People who mentioned a lack of exercise also reported a worsening of their depressive illness (59%; n = 271). These findings reinforce the need to consider the suffering and possible increased suicide risk to people suffering from depression induced by measures designed to constrain the COVID-19 pandemic; an important consideration in identifying the optimal risk-benefit ratio when setting pandemic measures. Our study highlighted the importance of maintaining healthcare, even in crisis situations, and ensuring access to guideline-based treatment for people who need urgent care. It also showed that political interventions can influence individual behaviours that can have negative effects on depressive illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Czaplicki
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Center of the German Depression Foundation, Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hanna Reich
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Center of the German Depression Foundation, Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Center of the German Depression Foundation, Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Johann Christian Senckenberg Distinguished Professorship, Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Rasheed Z. Perspective of COVID-19 on children and teenagers: An update. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:1-2. [PMID: 35024027 PMCID: PMC8721216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Zafar Rasheed, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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