1
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Brandes BA, Krishnan Y, Buchauer FL, Hansen HA, Hjelm J. Unifying the ORR and OER with surface oxygen and extracting their intrinsic activities on platinum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7336. [PMID: 39187503 PMCID: PMC11347700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Common half-cell measurements deliver oxygen reduction activities linked to the chosen scan rate, limiting their value for fundamental and comparative studies on platinum. Here we show a deconvolution of the intrinsic kinetics from the effect of surface oxygen on platinum. We find an electronic effect of the surface oxygen, substantiate a Tafel slope of ~120 mV/decade, obtain an exchange current density of 13 ± 4 µA/cm2, and an activity of 7 mA/cm2 at 900 mV. Eventually, we broaden the scope of this analysis to the effects of surface rearrangement, alloying, and supported Pt nanoparticles, the latter providing insight into discrepancies between half-cell and fuel cell measurements. We find through computational methods that binding energies of intermediates would be weakened by the presence of highly coordinated oxygen atoms. Finally, we obtain a phenomenological rate equation for the oxygen reduction and evolution reaction, suggesting that both reactions follow a shared mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Axel Brandes
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Yogeshwaran Krishnan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabian Luca Buchauer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan Hjelm
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Schalenbach M, Tesch R, Kowalski PM, Eichel RA. The electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction on alloys is determined by element-specific adsorption sites rather than d-band properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14171-14185. [PMID: 38713015 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Trends of the electrocatalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) across transition metals are typically explained by d-band properties such as center or upper edge positions in relation to Fermi levels. Here, the universality of this relation is questioned for alloys, exemplified for the AuPt system which is examined with electrocatalytic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. At small overpotentials, linear combinations of the pure-metals' Tafel kinetics normalized to the alloy compositions are found to precisely resemble the measured HER activities. DFT calculations show almost neighbor-independent adsorption energies on Au and Pt surface-sites, respectively, as the adsorbed hydrogen influences the electron density mostly locally at the adsorption site itself. In contrast, the density of states of the d-band describe the delocalized conduction electrons in the alloys, which are unable to portray the local electronic environments at adsorption sites and related bonding strengths. The adsorption energies at element-specific surface sites are related to overpotential-dependent reaction mechanisms in a multidimensional reinterpretation of the volcano plot for alloys, which bridges the found inconsistencies between activity and bonding strength descriptors of the common electrocatalytic theory for alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schalenbach
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Tesch
- Theory and Computation of Energy Materials (IEK-13), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance JARA Energy & Center for Simulation and Data Science (CSD), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Piotr M Kowalski
- Theory and Computation of Energy Materials (IEK-13), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance JARA Energy & Center for Simulation and Data Science (CSD), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Schalenbach M, Selmert V, Kretzschmar A, Raijmakers L, Durmus YE, Tempel H, Eichel RA. How microstructures, oxide layers, and charge transfer reactions influence double layer capacitances. Part 1: impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to estimate electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14288-14304. [PMID: 38693897 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Varying the electrode potential rearranges the charges in the double layer (DL) of an electrochemical interface by a resistive-capacitive current response. The capacitances of such charge relocations are frequently used in the research community to estimate electrochemical active surface areas (ECSAs), yet the reliability of this methodology is insufficiently examined. Here, the relation of capacitances and ECSAs is critically assessed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) data on polished (Au, Ti, Ru, Pt, Ni, glassy carbon, graphite plate) and porous (carbon fleeces) electrodes. By investigating this variety of electrodes, the frequency-dependencies observed in the measured capacitances are shown to arise from the inherent resistive-capacitive DL response, charge transfer reactions, and resistively damped capacitive currents in microstructures (such as pores, pinholes, or cracks). These frequency-dependencies are typically overlooked when capacitances are related to ECSAs. The capacitance at the specimen-characteristic relaxation frequency of the resistive-capacitive DL response is proposed as a standardized capacitance-metric to estimate ECSAs. In 1 M perchloric acid, the polished gold electrode and the high-surface area carbon fleeces show ratios of capacitance-metric over surface-area of around 3.7 μF cm-2. Resistively damped currents in microstructures and low-conducting oxide layers are shown to complicate trustworthy capacitance-based estimations of ECSAs. In the second part of this study, advanced equivalent circuits models to describe the measured EIS and CV responses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schalenbach
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Victor Selmert
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Kretzschmar
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Luc Raijmakers
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Yasin Emre Durmus
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Couce PM, Madsen TK, Plaza-Mayoral E, Kristoffersen HH, Chorkendorff I, Dalby KN, van der Stam W, Rossmeisl J, Escudero-Escribano M, Sebastián-Pascual P. Tailoring the facet distribution on copper with chloride. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1714-1725. [PMID: 38303937 PMCID: PMC10829013 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reactions are sensitive to the catalyst surface structure. Therefore, finding methods to determine active surface sites with different geometry is essential to address the structure-electrocatalytic performance relationships. In this work, we propose a simple methodology to tune and quantify the surface structure on copper catalysts. We tailor the distribution and ratio of facets on copper by electrochemically oxidizing and reducing the surface in chloride-rich aqueous solutions. We then address the formation of new facets with voltammetric lead (Pb) underpotential deposition (UPD). We first record the voltammetric lead UPD on different single facets, which have intense peaks at different potential values. We use this data to decouple each facet peak-contribution in the lead (Pb) UPD curves of the tailored and multifaceted copper surfaces and determine the geometry of the active sites. We combine experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the ligand effect of chloride anions on the copper facet distribution during the surface oxidation/electrodeposition treatment. Our experiments and Wulff constructions suggest that chloride preferentially adsorbs on the (310) facet, reducing the number of (111) sites and inducing the growth of (310) or n(100) × (110) domains. Our work provides a tool to correlate active sites with copper geometries, which is needed to assess the structure-performance relationships in electrocatalysis. We also demonstrate an easy method for selectively tailoring the facet distribution of copper, which is essential to design a well-defined nanostructured catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mazaira Couce
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thor Kongstad Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elena Plaza-Mayoral
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik H Kristoffersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis, Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Ward van der Stam
- Utrecht University, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Netherlands
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Paula Sebastián-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Catalysis (CHEAC), University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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6
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Roldán Cuenya B. Operando Electron Microscopy of Catalysts: The Missing Cornerstone in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13374-13418. [PMID: 37967448 PMCID: PMC10722467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase chemical conversion plays an important role in our modern energy landscape. However, many of the structural features that drive efficient chemical energy conversion are still unknown. These features are, in general, highly distinct on the local scale and lack translational symmetry, and thus, they are difficult to capture without the required spatial and temporal resolution. Correlating these structures to their function will, conversely, allow us to disentangle irrelevant and relevant features, explore the entanglement of different local structures, and provide us with the necessary understanding to tailor novel catalyst systems with improved productivity. This critical review provides a summary of the still immature field of operando electron microscopy for thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase reactions. It focuses on the complexity of investigating catalytic reactions and catalysts, progress in the field, and analysis. The forthcoming advances are discussed in view of correlative techniques, artificial intelligence in analysis, and novel reactor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Vicente RA, Raju SP, Gomes HVN, Neckel IT, Tolentino HCN, Fernández PS. Development of Electrochemical Cells and Their Application for Spatially Resolved Analysis Using a Multitechnique Approach: From Conventional Experiments to X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamlines. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16144-16152. [PMID: 37883715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Real (electro)catalysts are often heterogeneous, and their activity and selectivity depend on the properties of specific active sites. Therefore, unveiling the so-called structure-activity relationship is essential for a rational search for better materials and, consequently, for the development of the field of (electro-)catalysis. Thus, spatially resolved techniques are powerful tools as they allow us to characterize and/or measure the activity and selectivity of different regions of heterogeneous catalysts. To take full advantage of that, we have developed spectroelectrochemical cells to perform spatially resolved analysis using X-ray nanoprobe synchrotron beamlines and conventional pieces of equipment. Here, we describe the techniques available at the Carnaúba beamline at the Sirius-LNLS storage ring, and then we show how our cells enable obtaining X-ray (XRF, XRD, XAS, etc.) and vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman) contrast images. Through some proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate how using a multi-technique approach could render a complete and detailed analysis of an (electro)catalyst overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alcides Vicente
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), R. Michel Debrun, s/n, Prédio Amarelo, Campinas 13083-084, Brazil
| | - Swathi Patchaiammal Raju
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), R. Michel Debrun, s/n, Prédio Amarelo, Campinas 13083-084, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Vampré Nascimento Gomes
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), R. Michel Debrun, s/n, Prédio Amarelo, Campinas 13083-084, Brazil
| | - Itamar Tomio Neckel
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000 - Bosque das Palmeiras, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Hélio Cesar Nogueira Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000 - Bosque das Palmeiras, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Pablo Sebastián Fernández
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Josué de Castro, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New Energies (CINE), R. Michel Debrun, s/n, Prédio Amarelo, Campinas 13083-084, Brazil
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8
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Li P, Jiao Y, Huang J, Chen S. Electric Double Layer Effects in Electrocatalysis: Insights from Ab Initio Simulation and Hierarchical Continuum Modeling. JACS AU 2023; 3:2640-2659. [PMID: 37885580 PMCID: PMC10598835 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Structures of the electric double layer (EDL) at electrocatalytic interfaces, which are modulated by the material properties, the electrolyte characteristics (e.g., the pH, the types and concentrations of ions), and the electrode potential, play crucial roles in the reaction kinetics. Understanding the EDL effects in electrocatalysis has attracted substantial research interest in recent years. However, the intrinsic relationships between the specific EDL structures and electrocatalytic kinetics remain poorly understood, especially on the atomic scale. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent advances in deciphering the EDL effects mainly in hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis through a multiscale approach, spanning from the atomistic scale simulated by ab initio methods to the macroscale by a hierarchical approach. We highlight the importance of resolving the local reaction environment, especially the local hydrogen bond network, in understanding EDL effects. Finally, some of the remaining challenges are outlined, and an outlook for future developments in these exciting frontiers is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Theory and Computation of
Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Theory
of Electrocatalytic Interfaces, Faculty of Georesources and Materials
Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Chen W, Zhang LL, Wei Z, Zhang MK, Cai J, Chen YX. The electrostatic effect and its role in promoting electrocatalytic reactions by specifically adsorbed anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8317-8330. [PMID: 36892566 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of anions and its impact on electrocatalytic reactions are fundamental topics in electrocatalysis. Previous studies revealed that adsorbed anions display an overall poisoning effect in most cases. However, for a few reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxidation of small organic molecules (SOMs), and reduction of CO2 and O2, some specifically adsorbed anions can promote their reaction kinetics under certain conditions. The promotion effect is frequently attributed to the adsorbate induced modification of the nature of the active sites, the change of the adsorption configuration and free energy of the key reactive intermediate which consequently change the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor of the rate determining step etc. In this paper, we will give a mini review of the indispensable role of the classical double layer effect in enhancing the kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions by anion adsorption. The ubiquitous electrostatic interactions change both the potential distribution and the concentration distribution of ionic species across the electric double layer (EDL), which alters the electrochemical driving force and effective concentration of the reactants. The contribution to the overall kinetics is highlighted by taking HER, oxidation of SOMs, reduction of CO2 and O2, as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zhen Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Meng-Ke Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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10
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Gaudin LF, Kang M, Bentley CL. Facet-Dependent Electrocatalysis and Surface Electrochemical Processes on Polycrystalline Platinum. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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11
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Hossain SS, Ahmad Alwi MM, Saleem J, Al-Odail F, Basu A, Mozahar Hossain M. Recent Advances in Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell-II-Platinum-Based Catalysts. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200156. [PMID: 36073789 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based catalysts have a long history of application in formic acid oxidation (FAO). The single metal Pt is active in FAO but expensive, scarce, and rapidly deactivates. Understanding the mechanism of FAO over Pt important for the rational design of catalysts. Pt nanomaterials rapidly deactivate because of the CO poisoning of Pt active sites via the dehydration pathway. Alloying with another transition metal improves the performance of Pt-based catalysts through bifunctional, ensemble, and steric effects. Supporting Pt catalysts on a high-surface-area support material is another technique to improve their overall catalytic activity. This review summarizes recent findings on the mechanism of FAO over Pt and Pt-based alloy catalysts. It also summarizes and analyzes binary and ternary Pt-based catalysts to understand their catalytic activity and structure relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Safdar Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Ahmad Alwi
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Saleem
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Al-Odail
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Avijit Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mozahar Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31612, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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12
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Error, reproducibility and uncertainty in experiments for electrochemical energy technologies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6832. [PMID: 36369289 PMCID: PMC9652408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Wei J, Chen W, Zhou D, Cai J, Chen YX. Restructuring of well-defined Pt-based electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Huang J, Climent V, Groß A, Feliu JM. Understanding surface charge effects in electrocatalysis. Part 2: Hydrogen peroxide reactions at platinum. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Hara Y, Shigetake R, Nakanishi K, Kanamori K, Sakaushi K. Oxide-on-Oxide Porous Electrodes Revealing Superior Reversible Li +-Coupled Electron-Transfer Properties by Unconventional Heterojunction Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35883-35893. [PMID: 35899419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Internal spacing of electrodes is a key point for controlling electron-transfer (ET)-related phenomena. However, their disordered porous structures often prevent the observation of microscopic effects. It hampers the development of modern electrochemical theories. The development of model porous electrodes therefore provides an ideal platform to discover intriguing fundamental principles of electrode processes. We developed a new synthetic strategy for all-oxide monolithic ruthenium dioxide (RuO2)/antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) electrodes with a controlled hierarchically porous structure and oxide-oxide heterojunction. The use of the obtained RuO2/ATO electrodes as model electrodes suppressed influences related to different mass diffusion efficiencies between electrodes with heterojunctions of different types. Then, we showed unconventional oxide-oxide heterojunction effects, improving reversible Li+-coupled electron-transfer properties using model electrodes constituted of various nanostructured (nano-) RuO2 on porous ATO. In addition to the superior electrochemical properties of the nano-RuO2/ATO heterojunction, the quasi-two-dimensional (2D) RuO2/ATO heterojunction led to improved specific capacity at a high rate and longer cycle life. We anticipate that this oxide-oxide heterojunction effect and developed all-oxide model porous electrodes can provide a path to develop advanced reversible energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Rikuo Shigetake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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16
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Li T, Ciampi S, Darwish N. The Surface Potential of Zero Charge Controls the Kinetics of Diazonium Salts Electropolymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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17
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Kriek RJ, Mogwase BM, Vorster SW. Relation of the electrochemical interplay between H
2
PtCl
6
and H
2
O/H
3
O
+
/H
2
+
and the hydrogen‐evolution reaction. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roelof J. Kriek
- Electrochemistry for Energy & Environment Group Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB) North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Boitumelo M.S. Mogwase
- Electrochemistry for Energy & Environment Group Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB) North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Schalk W. Vorster
- Electrochemistry for Energy & Environment Group Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB) North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
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18
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Kodama K, Motobayashi K. Adsorption of ionomer and ionic liquid on model Pt catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan
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19
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Schalenbach M, Durmus YE, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel RA. The role of the double layer for the pseudocapacitance of the hydrogen adsorption on platinum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3375. [PMID: 35233048 PMCID: PMC8888654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudocapacitances such as the hydrogen adsorption on platinum (HAoPt) are associated with faradaic chemical processes that appear as capacitive in their potentiodynamic response, which was reported to result from the kinetics of adsorption processes. This study discusses an alternative interpretation of the partly capacitive response of the HAoPt that is based on the proton transport of ad- or desorbed hydrogen in the double layer. Potentiodynamic perturbations of equilibrated surface states of the HAoPt lead to typical double layer responses with the characteristic resistive–capacitive relaxations that overshadow the fast adsorption kinetics. A potential-dependent double layer representation by a dynamic transmission line model incorporates the HAoPt in terms of capacitive contributions and can computationally reconstruct the charge exchanged in full range cyclic voltammetry data. The coupling of charge transfer with double layer dynamics displays a novel physicochemical theory to explain the phenomenon of pseudocapacitance and the mechanisms in thereon based supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schalenbach
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK‑9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Y Emre Durmus
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK‑9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK‑9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK‑9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK‑9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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20
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Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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Artmann E, Menezes PV, Forschner L, Elnagar MM, Kibler LA, Jacob T, Engstfeld AK. Structural Evolution of Pt, Au and Cu Anodes by Electrolysis up to Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis in Alkaline Electrolytes*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2429-2441. [PMID: 34523210 PMCID: PMC9298152 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Applying a voltage to metal electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolytes results in the electrolysis of water at voltages above the decomposition voltage and plasma formation in the electrolyte at much higher voltages referred to as contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE). While several studies explore parameters that lead to changes in the I-U characteristics in this voltage range, little is known about the evolution of the structural properties of the electrodes. Here we study this aspect on materials essential to electrocatalysis, namely Pt, Au, and Cu. The stationary I-U characteristics are almost identical for all electrodes. Detailed structural characterization by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical approaches reveal that Pt is stable during electrolysis and CGDE, while Au and Cu exhibit a voltage-dependent oxide formation. More importantly, oxides are reduced when the Au and Cu electrodes are kept in the electrolysis solution after electrolysis. We suspect that H2 O2 (formed during electrolysis) is responsible for the oxide reduction. The reduced oxides (which are also accessible via electrochemical reduction) form a porous film, representing a possible new class of materials in energy storage and conversion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Artmann
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University, D-89081UlmGermany
| | | | - Lukas Forschner
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University, D-89081UlmGermany
| | | | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University, D-89081UlmGermany
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22
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Wong R, Batchelor-McAuley C, Yang M, Compton RG. The steady-state diffusional flux to isolated square cuboids in solution and supported on an inert substrate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Impact of toluene contamination on the oxygen reduction at polycrystalline platinum electrode: Poisoning and mitigation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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He Q, Zeng L, Han L, Sartin MM, Peng J, Li JF, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C, Tian ZQ, Zhan D. Electrochemical Storage of Atomic Hydrogen on Single Layer Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18419-18425. [PMID: 34709038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
If hydrogen can be stored and carried safely at a high density, hydrogen-fuel cells offer effective solutions for vehicles. The stable chemisorption of atomic hydrogen on single layer graphene (SLG) seems a perfect solution in this regard, with a theoretical maximum storage capacity of 7.7 wt %. However, generating hydrogenated graphene from H2 requires extreme temperatures and pressures. Alternatively, hydrogen adatoms can easily be produced under mild conditions by the electroreduction of protons in solid/liquid systems. Graphene is electrochemically inert for this reaction, but H-chemisorption on SLG can be carried out under mild conditions via a novel Pt-electrocatalyzed "spillover-surface diffusion-chemisorption" mechanism, as we demonstrate using dynamic electrochemistry and isotopic Raman spectroscopy. The apparent surface diffusion coefficient (∼10-5 cm2 s-1), capacity (∼6.6 wt %, ∼85.7% surface coverage), and stability of hydrogen adatoms on SLG at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are significant, and they are perfectly suited for applications involving stored hydrogen atoms on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lanping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lianhuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Irina Svir
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS); Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China; Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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25
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Sun Z, Lauritsen JV. A versatile electrochemical cell for hanging meniscus or flow cell measurement of planar model electrodes characterized with scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:094101. [PMID: 34598512 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the development of a portable electrochemistry (EC) cell setup that can be applied to measure relevant electrochemical signals on planar samples in conjunction with pre- and post-characterization by surface science methods, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The EC cell setup, including the transfer and EC cell compartments, possesses the advantage of a small size and can be integrated with standard ultra-high vacuum (UHV) systems or synchrotron end-stations by replacing the flange adaptor, sample housing, and transfer arm. It allows a direct transfer of the pre-characterized planar sample from the UHV environment to the EC cell to conduct in situ electrochemical measurements without exposing to ambient air. The EC cell setup can operate in both the hanging meniscus and flow cell mode. As a proof of concept, using a Au(111) single crystal electrode, we demonstrate the application of the EC cell setup in both modes and report on the post-EC structure and chemical surface composition as provided by scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To exemplify the advantage of an in situ EC cell, the EC cell performance is further compared to a corresponding experiment on a Au(111) sample measured by transfer at ambient conditions. The EC cell demonstrated here enables a wealth of future electrocatalysis measurements that combine surface science model catalyst approaches to facilitate the understanding of nano- and atomic-scale structures of electrocatalytic interfaces, the crucial role of catalyst stability, and the nature of low-concentration and atomically dispersed metal (single atom) dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozong Sun
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe V Lauritsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Surface characterization of copper electrocatalysts by lead underpotential deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Engstfeld AK, Weizenegger S, Pithan L, Beyer P, Jusys Z, Bansmann J, Behm RJ, Drnec J. Ru(0001) surface electrochemistry in the presence of specifically adsorbing anions. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Chang X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Methanol oxidation at single platinum nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Lee J, Mullen JW, Hussain G, Silvester DS. Effect of microelectrode array spacing on the growth of platinum electrodeposits and its implications for oxygen sensing in ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Contursi M, Coviello D, Ciriello R, Guerrieri A, Palmieri MA, Langerame F, Bianco G, Salvi AM. Surface and Electrochemical Characterization of a New Layered GC/Betaine/Pt Electrode and Investigation on its Performance as a Sensor for two B Complex Vitamins, B1 and B6: Preliminary Results. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Contursi
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - D. Coviello
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - R. Ciriello
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - A. Guerrieri
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - M. A. Palmieri
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - F. Langerame
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - G. Bianco
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
| | - A. M. Salvi
- University of Basilicata Science Department Potenza Italy
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31
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Carvalho OQ, Adiga P, Murthy SK, Fulton JL, Gutiérrez OY, Stoerzinger KA. Understanding the Role of Surface Heterogeneities in Electrosynthesis Reactions. iScience 2020; 23:101814. [PMID: 33305178 PMCID: PMC7708810 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we highlight the role of surface heterogeneity in electrosynthesis reactions. Heterogeneities may come in the form of distinct crystallographic facets, boundaries between facets or grains, or point defects. We approach this topic from a foundation of surface science, where signatures from model systems provide understanding of observations on more complex and higher-surface-area materials. In parallel, probe-based techniques can inform directly on spatial variation across electrode surfaces. We call attention to the role spectroscopy can play in understanding the impact of these heterogeneities in electrocatalyst activity and selectivity, particularly where these surface features have effects extending into the electrolyte double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Quinn Carvalho
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Prajwal Adiga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sri Krishna Murthy
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Stoerzinger
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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32
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Uncovering the electrochemical interface of low-index copper surfaces in deep groundwater environments. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Adstructures of platinum-complex precursors and platinum nanoparticles formed on low-index single-crystal Au surfaces for oxygen reduction reaction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Liu Z, Zhao Z, Peng B, Duan X, Huang Y. Beyond Extended Surfaces: Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nanocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17812-17827. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bosi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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35
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Botello LE, Feliu JM, Climent V. Activation Energy of Hydrogen Adsorption on Pt(111) in Alkaline Media: An Impedance Spectroscopy Study at Variable Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42911-42917. [PMID: 32830952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction is one of the most studied processes in electrochemistry, and platinum is by far the best catalyst for this reaction. Despite the importance of this reaction on platinum, detailed and accurate kinetic measurements of the steps that lead to the main reaction are still lacking, particularly because of the fast rate of the reaction. Hydrogen adsorption on Pt(111) has been taken as a benchmark system in a large number of computational studies, but reliable experimental data to compare with the computational studies is very scarce. To gain further knowledge on this matter, a temperature study of the hydrogen adsorption reaction has been carried out to obtain kinetic information for this process on Pt(111) in alkaline solution. This was achieved by measuring electrochemical impedance spectra and cyclic voltammograms in the range of 278 ≤ T ≤ 318 (K) to obtain the corresponding surface coverage by adsorbed species and the faradaic charge transfer resistance. From this data, the standard rate constant has been extracted with a kinetic model assuming a Frumkin-type isotherm, resulting in values of 2.60 × 10-7 ≤ k0 ≤ 1.68 × 10-6 (s-1). The Arrehnius plot gives an activation energy of 32 kJ mol-1. Comparisons are made with values calculated by computational methods and reported values for the overall HER, giving a reference frame to support future studies on hydrogen catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Botello
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquimica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquimica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victor Climent
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquimica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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36
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Zeradjanin AR, Spanos I, Masa J, Rohwerder M, Schlögl R. Perspective on experimental evaluation of adsorption energies at solid/liquid interfaces. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlmost 15 years ago, first papers appeared, in which the density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict activity trends of electrocatalytic reactions. That was a major contribution of computational chemistry in building the theory of electrocatalysis. The possibility of computational electrocatalyst design had a massive impact on the way of thinking in modern electrocatalysis. At the same time, substantial criticism towards popular DFT models was developed during the years, due to the oversimplified view on electrified interfaces. Having this in mind, this work proposes an experimental methodology for quantitative description of adsorption energies at solid/liquid interfaces based on the Kelvin probe technique. The introduced approach already gives valuable trends in adsorption energies while in the future should evolve into an additional source of robust values that could complement existing DFT results. The pillars of the new methodology are established and verified experimentally with very promising initial results.
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37
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Structure dependency of the atomic-scale mechanisms of platinum electro-oxidation and dissolution. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Mu Z, Yang M, He W, Pan Y, Zhang P, Li X, Wu X, Ding M. On-Chip Electrical Transport Investigation of Metal Nanoparticles: Characteristic Acidic and Alkaline Adsorptions Revealed on Pt and Au Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5798-5806. [PMID: 32597655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanocrystals have been extensively explored as efficient and tailorable electrocatalysts for various sustainable energy technologies. Precise understanding of molecular interactions at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces during electrochemical processes, which mostly relies on the interpretation of spectroscopic surface information, is crucial to the innovations in catalyst design and optimization of reaction conditions. Here, we demonstrate the first in situ electrical transport evidence of pH-dependent surface anionic adsorptions on metal nanoparticles (MNPs), enabled by the on-chip electrical transport spectroscopy (ETS) of continuous nanoparticle (NP) thin films. Our results on platinum and gold NPs reveal the significant (and distinct) impacts of acid-base environments on their surface adsorption features, which contributes to the further understanding of gold- and platinum-based electrocatalytic systems. The successful employment of ETS on metal nanoparticles achieves a more general transport-based signaling technique that conveniently fits the abundance of catalytic materials with zero-dimension morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen He
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanghang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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39
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Climent V, Feliu J. Single Crystal Electrochemistry as an In Situ Analytical Characterization Tool. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:201-222. [PMID: 32243760 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of platinum single crystal surfaces can be taken as a model response for the interpretation of the activity of heterogeneous electrodes. The cyclic voltammogram of a given platinum electrode can be considered a fingerprint characteristic of the distribution of sites on its surface. We start this review by providing some simple mathematical descriptions of the voltammetric response in the presence of adsorption processes. We then describe the voltammogram of platinum basal planes, followed by the response of stepped surfaces. The voltammogram of polycrystalline materials can be understood as a composition of the response of the different basal contributions. Further resolution in the discrimination of different surface sites can be achieved with the aid of surface modification using adatoms such as bismuth or germanium. The application of these ideas is exemplified with the consideration of real catalysts composed of platinum nanoparticles with preferential shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Climent
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Juan Feliu
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
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40
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Sakaushi K, Kumeda T, Hammes-Schiffer S, Melander MM, Sugino O. Advances and challenges for experiment and theory for multi-electron multi-proton transfer at electrified solid–liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19401-19442. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microscopic mechanism of multi-electron multi-proton transfer reactions at complexed systems is important for advancing electrochemistry-oriented science in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kumeda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | | | - Marko M. Melander
- Nanoscience Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Osamu Sugino
- The Institute of Solid State Physics
- the University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8581
- Japan
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41
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Scott SB, Engstfeld AK, Jusys Z, Hochfilzer D, Knøsgaard N, Trimarco DB, Vesborg PCK, Behm RJ, Chorkendorff I. Anodic molecular hydrogen formation on Ru and Cu electrodes. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
On important electrocatalysts including ruthenium and copper, increasing the potential pushes adsorbed hydrogen off as H2, an unexpected uphill desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren B. Scott
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Albert K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Zenonas Jusys
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Degenhart Hochfilzer
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Knøsgaard
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | | | - Peter C. K. Vesborg
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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42
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Auer AA. An introduction to electrochemical energy conversion. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is meant to provide a basic introduction to electrochemical energy conversion. It should be a low-barrier entry point for reading the relevant literature and understanding the basic phenomena, approaches and techniques. Starting with some basics of electrochemistry to establish the most important techniques, I will touch upon established electrochemical processes which are carried out today on industrial scale to finish with an outline of state-of-the art research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolysers for water splitting.
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43
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Gamero-Quijano A, Herzog G, Scanlon MD. Aqueous surface chemistry of gold mesh electrodes in a closed bipolar electrochemical cell. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Klein J, Chesnyak V, Löw M, Schilling M, Engstfeld AK, Behm RJ. Selective Modification and Probing of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Step Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1278-1286. [PMID: 31875391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Klein
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valeria Chesnyak
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mario Löw
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Schilling
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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45
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Sandbeck DJS, Brummel O, Mayrhofer KJJ, Libuda J, Katsounaros I, Cherevko S. Dissolution of Platinum Single Crystals in Acidic Medium. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2997-3003. [PMID: 31603611 PMCID: PMC6899853 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platinum single crystal basal planes consisting of Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(110) and reference polycrystalline platinum Pt(poly) were subjected to various potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical treatments in 0.1 M HClO4 . Using the scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SFC-ICP-MS) the transient dissolution was detected on-line. Clear trends in dissolution onset potentials and quantities emerged which can be related to the differences in the crystal plane surface structure energies and coordination. Pt(111) is observed to have a higher dissolution onset potential while the generalized trend in dissolution rates and quantities was found to be Pt(110)>P(100)≈Pt(poly)>Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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46
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Barbosa AFB, Del Colle V, Gómez-Marín AM, Angelucci CA, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Effect of the Random Defects Generated on the Surface of Pt(111) on the Electro-oxidation of Ethanol: An Electrochemical Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3045-3055. [PMID: 31342615 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the Pt(111) surface was disordered by controlling the density of {110}- and {100}-type defects. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of a disordered surface in acid media consists of three contributions within the hydrogen adsorption/desorption region: one from the well-ordered Pt(111) symmetry and the other two transformed from the {111}-symmetry with contributions of {110}- and {100}-type surface defects. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was studied on these disordered surfaces. Electrochemical studies were performed in 0.1 M HClO4 +0.1 M ethanol using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Changes in current densities associated to the specific potentials at which each oxidation peak appears suggest that different surface domains of disordered platinum oxidize ethanol independently. Additionally, as the surface-defect density increases, the EOR is catalysed better. This tendency is directly observed from the CV parameters because the onset and peak potentials are shifted to less positive values and accompanied by increases in the oxidation-peak current on disordered surfaces. Similarly, the CO oxidation striping confirmed this same tendency. Chronoamperometric experiments showed two opposite behaviors at short oxidation times (0.1 s). The EOR was quickly catalyzed on the most disordered surface, Pt(111)-16, and was then rapidly deactivated. These results provide fundamental information on the EOR, which contributes to the atomic-level understanding of real catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury F B Barbosa
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Alagoas-Campus Penedo, Rod. Engenheiro Joaquim Gonçalves, s/n, 57200-000 -, Penedo, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Del Colle
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas-Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa s/n, 57309-005 -, Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana M Gómez-Marín
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, 12228-900 -, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilo A Angelucci
- Federal University of ABC, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 -, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Germano Tremiliosi-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Arminio‐Ravelo JA, Jensen AW, Jensen KD, Quinson J, Escudero‐Escribano M. Electrolyte Effects on the Electrocatalytic Performance of Iridium‐Based Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution in Rotating Disc Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2956-2963. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders W. Jensen
- Nano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5a DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Nano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5a DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Nano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5a DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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48
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Ma HB, Sheng T, Yu WS, Ye JY, Wan LY, Tian N, Sun SG, Zhou ZY. High Catalytic Activity of Pt(100) for CH4 Electrochemical Conversion. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wen-Song Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Na Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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49
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Maagaard T, Tiwari A, Chorkendorff I, Horch S. On the Possibilities and Considerations of Interfacing Ultra‐High Vacuum Equipment with an Electrochemical Setup. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3024-3029. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maagaard
- SurfCat, DTU PhysicsThe Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- SurfCat, DTU PhysicsThe Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- SurfCat, DTU PhysicsThe Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Sebastian Horch
- SurfCat, DTU PhysicsThe Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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50
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Bagger A, Arán‐Ais RM, Halldin Stenlid J, Campos dos Santos E, Arnarson L, Degn Jensen K, Escudero‐Escribano M, Roldan Cuenya B, Rossmeisl J. Ab Initio Cyclic Voltammetry on Cu(111), Cu(100) and Cu(110) in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Solutions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3096-3105. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bagger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rosa M. Arán‐Ais
- Department of Interface ScienceFritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Egon Campos dos Santos
- Departamento de Quimica, ICExUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 31.270-901 Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Logi Arnarson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kim Degn Jensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface ScienceFritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
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