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Fang SY, Chou YT, Hsu KC, Hsu SL, Yu KW, Tsai YS, Liao YC, Tsai PC, Lee YC. Clinical and genetic characterization of NIPA1 mutations in a Taiwanese cohort with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:353-362. [PMID: 36607129 PMCID: PMC10014004 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NIPA1 mutations have been implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) as the cause of spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and genetic features of SPG6 in a Taiwanese HSP cohort. METHODS We screened 242 unrelated Taiwanese patients with HSP for NIPA1 mutations. The clinical features of patients with a NIPA1 mutation were analyzed. Minigene-based splicing assay, RT-PCR analysis on the patients' RNA, and cell-based protein expression study were utilized to assess the effects of the mutations on splicing and protein expression. RESULTS Two patients were identified to carry a different heterozygous NIPA1 mutation. The two mutations, c.316G>A and c.316G>C, are located in the 3' end of NIPA1 exon 3 near the exon-intron boundary and putatively lead to the same amino acid substitution, p.G106R. The patient harboring NIPA1 c.316G>A manifested spastic paraplegia, epilepsy and schizophrenia since age 17 years, whereas the individual carrying NIPA1 c.316G>C had pure HSP since age 12 years. We reviewed literature and found that epilepsy was present in multiple individuals with NIPA1 c.316G>A but none with NIPA1 c.316G>C. Functional studies demonstrated that both mutations did not affect splicing, but only the c.316G>A mutation was associated with a significantly reduced NIPA1 protein expression. INTERPRETATION SPG6 accounted for 0.8% of HSP cases in the Taiwanese cohort. The NIPA1 c.316G>A and c.316G>C mutations are associated with adolescent-onset complex and pure form HSP, respectively. The different effects on protein expression of the two mutations may be associated with their phenotypic discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Fang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tsen Chou
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yuanshan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuen Tsai
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fu J, Ma M, Li G, Zhang J. Clinical and Genetic Features of Chinese Patients With NIPA1-Related Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 6. Front Genet 2022; 13:859688. [PMID: 35464835 PMCID: PMC9024055 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in the NIPA1 gene cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type 6 (SPG6), which is a rare type of HSP with a frequency of less than 1% in Europe. To date, less than 30 SPG6 families and limited NIPA1 mutations have been reported in different ethnic regions. The clinical features are variable. Methods: We screened for NIPA1 mutations by whole exome sequencing or next generation sequencing in 35 unrelated Chinese families with HSP. The clinical manifestations were evaluated. Results: Two variants of NIPA1 were identified in three index patients (3/35, 8.6%), two of whom carried a previously reported common variant c.316G > A (p.G106R), and the third patient harbored a novel likely pathogenic variant c.126C > G (p.N42K). Both variants were de novo in the three index patients. The phenotype was pure HSP in two patients and complicated HSP with epilepsy in the third one. Conclusion:NIPA1-related HSP is more common in China than it in Europe. Both pure and complicated form of HSP can be found. The variant c.316G > A is a hotspot mutation, and the novel variant c.126C > G expands the mutational spectrum. The phenomenon of de novo mutations in NIPA1 emphasizes the need to consider autosomal dominant HSP-related genes in sporadic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Center of Neurological Rare Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Spagnoli C, Schiavoni S, Rizzi S, Salerno GG, Frattini D, Koskenvuo J, Fusco C. SPG6 (NIPA1 variant): A report of a case with early-onset complex hereditary spastic paraplegia and brief literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:281-285. [PMID: 34863451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SPG6, caused by NIPA1 (nonimprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome) gene pathogenic variants, is mainly considered as a pure autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP), even if descriptions of complex cases have also been reported. We detected the common c.316G > A, p.(Gly106Arg) pathogenic de novo substitution in a 10-year-old patient with HSP and drug-resistant eyelid myoclonia with absences. In order to assess the significance of this association, we reviewed the literature to find that 25/110 (23%) SPG6 cases are complex, including a heterogeneous spectrum of comorbidities, in which epilepsy is most represented (10%), but also featuring peripheral neuropathy (5.5%), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (3.6%), memory deficits (3.6%) or cognitive impairment (2.7%), tremor (2.7%) and dystonia (0.9%). From this literature review and our single case experience, two main conclusions can be drawn. First, SPG6 is an AD-HSP with both pure and complex presentation, and frequent occurrence of epilepsy within the spectrum of genetic generalized epilepsies (absences, bilateral tonic-clonic, bilateral tonic-clonic with upper limbs myoclonic seizures and eyelid myoclonia with absences). Second, opposed to previous descriptions, seizures might not always be drug responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Schiavoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Grazia Gabriella Salerno
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Fusco
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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4
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Lu C, Li LX, Dong HL, Wei Q, Liu ZJ, Ni W, Gitler AD, Wu ZY. Targeted next-generation sequencing improves diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Chinese patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:701-712. [PMID: 29934652 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of lower limbs. To clarify the genetic spectrum and improve the diagnosis of HSP patients, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to detect the culprit genes in 55 Chinese HSP pedigrees. The classification of novel variants was based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines. Patients remaining negative following targeted NGS were further screened for gross deletions/duplications by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We made a genetic diagnosis in 61.8% (34/55) of families and identified 33 mutations, including 14 known mutations and 19 novel mutations. Of them, one was de novo mutation (NIPA1: c.316G>A). SPAST mutations (22/39, 56.4%) are the most common in Chinese AD-HSP followed by ATL1 (4/39, 10.3%). Moreover, we identified the third BSCL2 mutation (c.1309G>C) related to HSP by further functional studies and first reported the KIF1A mutation (c.304G>A) in China. Our findings broaden the genetic spectrum of HSP and improve the diagnosis of HSP patients. These results demonstrate the efficiency of targeted NGS to make a more rapid and precise diagnosis in patients with clinically suspected HSP. KEY MESSAGES We made a genetic diagnosis in 61.8% of families and identified 33 mutations. SPAST mutations are the most common in Chinese AD-HSP followed by ATL1. Our findings broaden the genetic spectrum and improve the diagnosis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine Between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Coignion C, Banneau G, Goizet C. Paraplegie spastiche ereditarie. Neurologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(16)77572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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6
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Klebe S, Stevanin G, Depienne C. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in hereditary spastic paraplegias: from SPG1 to SPG72 and still counting. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 171:505-30. [PMID: 26008818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically determined neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of lower limbs, and are among the most clinically and genetically heterogeneous human diseases. All modes of inheritance have been described, and the recent technological revolution in molecular genetics has led to the identification of 76 different spastic gait disease-loci with 59 corresponding spastic paraplegia genes. Autosomal recessive HSP are usually associated with diverse additional features (referred to as complicated forms), contrary to autosomal dominant HSP, which are mostly pure. However, the identification of additional mutations and families has considerably enlarged the clinical spectra, and has revealed a huge clinical variability for almost all HSP; complicated forms have also been described for primary pure HSP subtypes, adding further complexity to the genotype-phenotype correlations. In addition, the introduction of next generation sequencing in clinical practice has revealed a genetic and phenotypic overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuropathies, cerebellar ataxias, etc.) and neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability. This review aims to describe the most recent advances in the field and to provide genotype-phenotype correlations that could help clinical diagnoses of this heterogeneous group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klebe
- Department of neurology, university hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Stevanin
- Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 91-105, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; ICM, CNRS UMR 7225, Inserm U 1127, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; École pratique des hautes études, 4-14, rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France; Département de génétique, AP-HP, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Depienne
- Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 91-105, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; ICM, CNRS UMR 7225, Inserm U 1127, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Département de génétique, AP-HP, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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7
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Hensiek A, Kirker S, Reid E. Diagnosis, investigation and management of hereditary spastic paraplegias in the era of next-generation sequencing. J Neurol 2014; 262:1601-12. [PMID: 25480570 PMCID: PMC4503825 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of genetic conditions in which spastic paralysis of the legs is the principal clinical feature. This is caused by a relatively selective distal axonal degeneration involving the longest axons of the corticospinal tracts. Consequently, these conditions provide an opportunity to identify genes, proteins and cellular pathways that are critical for axonal health. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the classification, clinical features and genetics of HSP, highlighting selected HSP subtypes (i.e. those associated with thin corpus callosum or cerebellar ataxia) that are of particular clinical interest. We will then discuss appropriate investigation strategies for HSPs, suggesting how these might evolve with the introduction of next-generation sequencing technology. Finally, we will discuss the management of HSP, an area somewhat neglected by HSP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hensiek
- Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrooke’s Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Kirker
- Addenbrooke’s Rehabilitation Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrooke’s Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Lo Giudice T, Lombardi F, Santorelli FM, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical-genetic characteristics and evolving molecular mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:518-39. [PMID: 24954637 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by pathophysiologic hallmark of length-dependent distal axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. The prominent features of this pathological condition are progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. To date, 72 spastic gait disease-loci and 55 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified. All modes of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked) have been described. Recently, a late onset spastic gait disorder with maternal trait of inheritance has been reported, as well as mutations in genes not yet classified as spastic gait disease. Several cellular processes are involved in its pathogenesis, such as membrane and axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum membrane modeling and shaping, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, autophagy, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism and myelination processes. Moreover, recent evidences have been found about the impairment of endosome membrane trafficking in vesicle formation and about the involvement of oxidative stress and mtDNA polymorphisms in the onset of the disease. Interactome networks have been postulated by bioinformatics and biological analyses of spastic paraplegia genes, which would contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temistocle Lo Giudice
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lombardi
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Molecolare, Neurogenetica e Malattie Neurodegenerative, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Ishiura H, Takahashi Y, Hayashi T, Saito K, Furuya H, Watanabe M, Murata M, Suzuki M, Sugiura A, Sawai S, Shibuya K, Ueda N, Ichikawa Y, Kanazawa I, Goto J, Tsuji S. Molecular epidemiology and clinical spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in the Japanese population based on comprehensive mutational analyses. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:163-72. [PMID: 24451228 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is one of the most genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and pyramidal weakness of lower limbs. Because >30 causative genes have been identified, screening of multiple genes is required for establishing molecular diagnosis of individual patients with HSP. To elucidate molecular epidemiology of HSP in the Japanese population, we have conducted mutational analyses of 16 causative genes of HSP (L1CAM, PLP1, ATL1, SPAST, CYP7B1, NIPA1, SPG7, KIAA0196, KIF5A, HSPD1, BSCL2, SPG11, SPG20, SPG21, REEP1 and ZFYVE27) using resequencing microarrays, array-based comparative genomic hybridization and Sanger sequencing. The mutational analysis of 129 Japanese patients revealed 49 mutations in 46 patients, 32 of which were novel. Molecular diagnosis was accomplished for 67.3% (33/49) of autosomal dominant HSP patients. Even among sporadic HSP patients, mutations were identified in 11.1% (7/63) of them. The present study elucidated the molecular epidemiology of HSP in the Japanese population and further broadened the mutational and clinical spectra of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Muscular Center, National Omuta Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Miho Murata
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Higashisaitama Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiura
- Department of Neurology, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Setsu Sawai
- 1] Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan [2] Division of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ueda
- 1] Department of Neurology, Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan [2] Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yaeko Ichikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Goto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Arkadir D, Noreau A, Goldman JS, Rouleau GA, Alcvalay RN. Pure hereditary spastic paraplegia due to a de novo mutation in the NIPA1 gene. Eur J Neurol 2013; 21:e2. [PMID: 25133278 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Denora PS, Santorelli FM, Bertini E. Hereditary spastic paraplegias: one disease for many genes, and still counting. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 113:1899-912. [PMID: 23622413 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59565-2.00060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically heterogeneous Mendelian disorders characterized by spastic gait with stiffness and weakness in the legs and an associated plethora of neurological or extraneurological signs in "complicated" forms. Major advances have been made during the past two decades in our understanding of their molecular bases with the identification of a large number of gene loci and the cloning of a set of them. The combined genetic and clinical information obtained has permitted a new, molecularly-driven classification and an improved diagnosis of these conditions. This represents a prerequisite for better counseling in families and more appropriate therapeutic options. However, further heterogeneity is expected and new insight into the possible mechanisms anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Denora
- Molecular Medicine and Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS-Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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12
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TDP-43 pathology in a case of hereditary spastic paraplegia with a NIPA1/SPG6 mutation. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:285-91. [PMID: 22302102 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-0947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in NIPA1 (non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome) have been described as a cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) known as SPG6 (spastic paraplegia-6). We present the first neuropathological description of a patient with a NIPA1 mutation, and clinical phenotype of complicated HSP with motor neuron disease-like syndrome and cognitive decline. Postmortem examination revealed degeneration of lateral corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns with motor neuron loss. TDP-43 immunostaining showed widespread spinal cord and cerebral skein-like and round neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We ruled out NIPA1 mutations in 419 additional cases of motor neuron disease. These findings suggest that hereditary spastic paraplegia due to NIPA1 mutations could represent a TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Finsterer J, Löscher W, Quasthoff S, Wanschitz J, Auer-Grumbach M, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias with autosomal dominant, recessive, X-linked, or maternal trait of inheritance. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:1-18. [PMID: 22554690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are clinically characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs (pure SPG) and, majoritorian, additional more extensive neurological or non-neurological manifestations (complex or complicated SPG). Pure SPG is characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs, and occasionally sensory disturbances or bladder dysfunction. Complex SPGs additionally include cognitive impairment, dementia, epilepsy, extrapyramidal disturbances, cerebellar involvement, retinopathy, optic atrophy, deafness, polyneuropathy, or skin lesions in the absence of coexisting disorders. Nineteen SPGs follow an autosomal-dominant (AD-SPG), 27 an autosomal-recessive (AR-SPG), 5 X-linked (XL-SPG), and one a maternal trait of inheritance. SPGs are due to mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the maintenance of corticospinal tract neurons. Among the AD-SPGs, 40-45% of patients carry mutations in the SPAST-gene (SPG4) and 10% in the ATL1-gene (SPG3), while the other 9 genes are more rarely involved (NIPA1 (SPG6), KIAA0196 (SPG8), KIF5A (SPG10), RNT2 (SPG12), SPGD1 (SPG13), BSCL2 (SPG17), REEP1 (SPG31), ZFYVE27 (SPG33, debated), and SLC33A1 (SPG42, debated)). Among the AR-SPGs, ~20% of the patients carry mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) gene whereas the 15 other genes are rarely mutated and account for SPGs in single families yet (CYP7B1 (SPG5), SPG7 (SPG7), ZFYVE26 (SPG15), ERLIN2 (SPG18), SPG20 (SPG20), ACP33 (SPG21), KIF1A (SPG30), FA2H (SPG35), NTE (SPG39), GJA12/GJC2 (SPG44), KIAA0415 (SPG48) and 4 genes encoding for the AP4-complex (SPG47)). Among the XL-SPGs, 3 causative genes have been identified (L1CAM (SPG1), PLP1 (SPG2), and SLC16A2 (SPG22)). The diagnosis of SPGs is based on clinical, instrumental and genetic investigations. Treatment is exclusively symptomatic.
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Goizet C, Depienne C, Benard G, Boukhris A, Mundwiller E, Solé G, Coupry I, Pilliod J, Martin-Négrier ML, Fedirko E, Forlani S, Cazeneuve C, Hannequin D, Charles P, Feki I, Pinel JF, Ouvrard-Hernandez AM, Lyonnet S, Ollagnon-Roman E, Yaouanq J, Toutain A, Dussert C, Fontaine B, Leguern E, Lacombe D, Durr A, Rossignol R, Brice A, Stevanin G. REEP1 mutations in SPG31: Frequency, mutational spectrum, and potential association with mitochondrial morpho-functional dysfunction. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:1118-27. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Du J, Hu YC, Tang BS, Chen C, Luo YY, Zhan ZX, Zhao GH, Jiang H, Xia K, Shen L. Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of SPG6 caused by mutation in NIPA1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113:480-2. [PMID: 21419568 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6) is caused by mutations in the NIPA1 gene, this is a rare cause of HSP, until now, all the affected individuals reported displayed "pure" spastic paraplegia. OBJECTIVES To analyze the genotype/phenotype correlation of mutations so far described in NIPA1. METHODS Eighty-six Chinese Han HSP patients were investigated for SPG6 mutations by direct sequencing of the NIPA1 gene. RESULTS One heterozygous missense mutation c.316G>C/p.G106R was identified in a complicated form of ADHSP family with peripheral nerves disease, and SPG6 mutation in our sample accounted for 3.6% (1/28) of ADHSP families and 1.1% (1/86) of non-ARHSP patients who were negative for SPG4, SPG3A and SPG31 mutations. CONCLUSIONS We report the first complicated case of SPG6 in the world by the presence of peripheral neuropathy, which extends the phenotype initially described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Svenstrup K, Møller RS, Christensen J, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Gilling M, Nielsen JE. NIPA1 mutation in complex hereditary spastic paraplegia with epilepsy. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1197-9. [PMID: 21599812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized in the 'pure' phenotype by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. In the 'complex' phenotype, additional neurologic symptoms or signs are found. Mutations in the NIPA1 gene have been reported to cause spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6) in 10 families. SPG6 is a rare form of autosomal dominantly inherited HSP associated with a pure phenotype; however, in one complex SPG6 family, idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has been described and in addition, recurrent microdeletions at 15q11.2 including NIPA1 have been identified in patients with IGE. The purpose was to identify NIPA1 mutations in patients with pure and complex HSP. METHODS Fifty-two patients with HSP were screened for mutations in NIPA1. RESULTS One previously reported missense mutation c.316G>A, p.Gly106Arg, was identified in a complex HSP patient with spastic dysarthria, facial dystonia, atrophy of the small hand muscles, upper limb spasticity, and presumably IGE. The epilepsy co-segregated with HSP in the family. CONCLUSION NIPA1 mutations were rare in our population of patients with HSP, but can be found in patients with complex HSP. Epilepsy might be more common in SPG6 than in other forms of HSP because of a genetic risk factor closely linked to NIPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Svenstrup
- Section of Neurogenetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A novel KIF5A/SPG10 mutation in spastic paraplegia associated with axonal neuropathy. J Neurol 2008; 255:1090-2. [PMID: 18500496 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Beetz C, Schüle R, Deconinck T, Tran-Viet KN, Zhu H, Kremer BPH, Frints SGM, van Zelst-Stams WAG, Byrne P, Otto S, Nygren AOH, Baets J, Smets K, Ceulemans B, Dan B, Nagan N, Kassubek J, Klimpe S, Klopstock T, Stolze H, Smeets HJM, Schrander-Stumpel CTRM, Hutchinson M, van de Warrenburg BP, Braastad C, Deufel T, Pericak-Vance M, Schöls L, de Jonghe P, Züchner S. REEP1 mutation spectrum and genotype/phenotype correlation in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 31. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 131:1078-86. [PMID: 18321925 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the receptor expression enhancing protein 1 (REEP1) have recently been reported to cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type SPG31. In a large collaborative effort, we screened a sample of 535 unrelated HSP patients for REEP1 mutations and copy number variations. We identified 13 novel and 2 known REEP1 mutations in 16 familial and sporadic patients by direct sequencing analysis. Twelve out of 16 mutations were small insertions, deletions or splice site mutations. These changes would result in shifts of the open-reading-frame followed by premature termination of translation and haploinsufficiency. Interestingly, we identified two disease associated variations in the 3'-UTR of REEP1 that fell into highly conserved micro RNA binding sites. Copy number variation analysis in a subset of 133 HSP index patients revealed a large duplication of REEP1 that involved exons 2-7 in an Irish family. Clinically most SPG31 patients present with a pure spastic paraplegia; rare complicating features were restricted to symptoms or signs of peripheral nerve involvement. Interestingly, the distribution of age at onset suggested a bimodal pattern with the appearance of initial symptoms of disease either before the age of 20 years or after the age of 30 years. The overall mutation rate in our clinically heterogeneous sample was 3.0%; however, in the sub-sample of pure HSP REEP1 mutations accounted for 8.2% of all patients. These results firmly establish REEP1 as a relatively frequent autosomal dominant HSP gene for which genetic testing is warranted. We also establish haploinsufficiency as the main molecular genetic mechanism in SPG31, which should initiate and guide functional studies on REEP1 with a focus on loss-of-function mechanisms. Our results should be valid as a reference for mutation frequency, spectrum of REEP1 mutations, and clinical phenotypes associated with SPG31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beetz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, Germany
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Screening of hereditary spastic paraplegia patients for alterations at NIPA1 mutational hotspots. J Neurol Sci 2008; 268:131-5. [PMID: 18191948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in NIPA1 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6 HSP). Sequencing of the whole gene has revealed alterations of either of two nucleotides in eight of nine SPG6 HSP families reported to date. By analysing CpG methylation, we provide a mechanistic explanation for a mutational hotspot to underlie frequent alteration of one of these nucleotides. We also developed PCR RFLP assays to detect recurrent NIPA1 changes and screened 101 independent HSP patients, including 45 index patients of autosomal dominant HSP families. Our negative finding in this cohort for which several other causes of HSP had been excluded suggests NIPA1 alterations at mutational hotspots to be less frequent than previously thought. Nevertheless, the assays introduced represent a valid pre-screen easily implementable in the molecular diagnosis of HSP.
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