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Yatham P, Chintamaneni S, Stumbar S. Lessons From India: A Narrative Review of Integrating Yoga Within the US Healthcare System. Cureus 2023; 15:e43466. [PMID: 37711938 PMCID: PMC10498999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ancient practice of yoga has gained worldwide popularity as a way for people to improve their overall health and well-being. This manuscript reviews and examines the history of yoga, its physical and mental health benefits, its incorporation into the Indian healthcare system, and the public perception of yoga in India. Many initiatives for yoga exist, including promoting research on yoga, providing education and information on its benefits, and developing evidence-based standardized yoga therapy guidelines. With this in mind, this narrative review article explores the potential benefits of incorporating yoga into the United States (US) healthcare system and the possible challenges of doing so. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Yatham
- Internal Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - Sarah Stumbar
- Family Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Nourollahimoghadam E, Gorji S, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Therapeutic role of yoga in neuropsychological disorders. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:754-773. [PMID: 34733640 PMCID: PMC8546763 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga is considered a widely-used approach for health conservation and can be adopted as a treatment modality for a plethora of medical conditions, including neurological and psychological disorders. Hence, we reviewed relevant articles entailing various neurological and psychological disorders and gathered data on how yoga exerts positive impacts on patients with a diverse range of disorders, including its modulatory effects on brain bioelectrical activities, neurotransmitters, and synaptic plasticity. The role of yoga practice as an element of the treatment of several neuropsychological diseases was evaluated based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaghayegh Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster 48149, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
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Mishra A, Chawathey SA, Mehra P, Nagarathna R, Anand A, Rajesh SK, Singh A, Patil S, Sai Sivapuram M, Nagendra HR. Perceptions of benefits and barriers to Yoga practice across rural and urban India: Implications for workplace Yoga. Work 2020; 65:721-732. [PMID: 32310204 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though Yoga is useful for prevention of obesity, diabetes and hypertension it is not universally practiced. The purpose of the study was to determine the benefits and barriers confronted by the community members while incorporating Yoga into routine practice and at workplace. OBJECTIVE This study explored the motivators and barriers to Yoga practice by estimating how these elements can be useful for development and incorporation of Yoga as a workplace activity and as a profession. METHODS A nationwide multi-centered prospective study was conducted recruiting individuals of different age groups and geographical zones in India. Participants of Yoga intervention group were administered a questionnaire with 19 items on benefits (YBS) and 18 items on barriers for Yoga practice (BFYS). Data was analyzed using SPSS v21 software. RESULTS Majority of the participants perceived Yoga improves "physical fitness", "relaxes mind and body", improves "stamina", across age groups. "Lifestyle", "Family commitments", "Physical over-exertion", "No Encouragement from family", "Occupational commitments" and "Few places to do Yoga" were perceived barriers across various geographical zones. Despite knowing the benefits of Yoga, these barriers prevented individuals from integrating it into their daily routine. CONCLUSIONS The present study may be considered as a starting point for development of Yoga as a workplace activity and a profession based on the perceptions of its various benefits and barriers faced by a large study population spanning an entire nation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priya Mehra
- Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Akshay Anand
- Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, India
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Injury in yoga asana practice: Assessment of the risks. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:479-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L. Evidence based effects of yoga in neurological disorders. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 43:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The association between regular yoga and meditation practice and falls and injuries: Results of a national cross-sectional survey among Australian women. Maturitas 2016; 84:38-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smith K, Firth K, Smeeding S, Wolever R, Kaufman J, Delgado R, Bellanti D, Xenakis L. Guidelines for Creating, Implementing, and Evaluating Mind–Body Programs in a Military Healthcare Setting. Explore (NY) 2016; 12:18-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ramos-Jiménez A, Wall-Medrano A, Corona-Hernández RI, Hernández-Torres RP. Yoga, bioenergetics and eating behaviors: A conceptual review. Int J Yoga 2015; 8:89-95. [PMID: 26170586 PMCID: PMC4479904 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yoga is an ancient oriental discipline that emerged from mystical and philosophical concepts. Today it is practiced in the west, partly due to the promotion of its benefits to improve the lifestyle and overall health. As compared to non-Hatha Yoga (HY) practitioners, healthier and better-eating patterns have been observed in those who practice it. Agreement with the brought benefits, HY can be used as a therapeutic method to correct abnormal eating behaviors (AEB), obesity, and some metabolic diseases. However, the energy expenditure during traditional protocols of HY is not high; hence, it is not very effective for reducing or maintaining body weight or to improve cardiovascular conditioning. Even so, several observational studies suggest significant changes in eating behaviors, like a reduction in dietary fat intake and increments in that of fresh vegetables, whole grains and soy-based products, which in turn may reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Given the inconsistency of the results derived from cross-sectional studies, more case–control studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of HY as an alternative method in the clinical treatment of disordered eating and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Rocío I Corona-Hernández
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Rosa P Hernández-Torres
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua, México
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Russell K, Gushue S, Richmond S, McFaull S. Epidemiology of yoga-related injuries in Canada from 1991 to 2010: a case series study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2015; 23:284-90. [PMID: 25952761 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2015.1032981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to describe the epidemiology of yoga injuries presenting to select Canadian emergency departments (EDs). Those who presented with a yoga injury to a Canadian ED participating in the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program and had completed a data collection form between 1991 and 2010 were included. Demographic and injury characteristics were tabulated and injury profiles of children were compared to adults. Sixty-six individuals (48 female, 18 male) who sustained 67 injuries were included. The median age was 19 (intraquartile range: 13, 32) and 73% of individuals were injured after 2005 (p = 0.0003). Sprain was the most common injury (23/67, 34%) and the most common body region injured was the lower extremity (27/67, 42%). Significantly more children were injured while being instructed than adults (p = 0.003) but more adults required treatment (p = 0.023). Although yoga-related injuries presenting to an ED are not common, the number of injuries are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russell
- a Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Shantel Gushue
- a Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | | | - Steven McFaull
- c Injury and Child Maltreatment Section - Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division , Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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Matsushita T, Oka T. A large-scale survey of adverse events experienced in yoga classes. Biopsychosoc Med 2015; 9:9. [PMID: 25844090 PMCID: PMC4384376 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-015-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga is a representative mind-body therapy of complementary and alternative medicine. In Japan, yoga is practiced widely to promote health, but yoga-associated adverse events have also been reported. To date, the frequencies and characteristics of yoga-related adverse events have not been elucidated. This study was conducted to elucidate the frequencies and characteristics of adverse events of yoga performed in classes and the risk factors of such events. Methods The subjects were 2508 people taking yoga classes and 271 yoga therapists conducting the classes. A survey for yoga class attendees was performed on adverse events that occurred during a yoga class on the survey day. A survey for yoga therapists was performed on adverse events that the therapists had observed in their students to date. Adverse events were defined as “undesirable symptoms or responses that occurred during a yoga class”. Results Among 2508 yoga class attendees, 1343 (53.5%) had chronic diseases and 1063 (42.3%) were receiving medication at hospitals. There were 687 class attendees (27.8%) who reported some type of undesirable symptoms after taking a yoga class. Musculoskeletal symptoms such as myalgia were the most common symptoms, involving 297 cases, followed by neurological symptoms and respiratory symptoms. Most adverse events (63.8%) were mild and did not interfere with class participation. The risk factors for adverse events were examined, and the odds ratios for adverse events were significantly higher in attendees with chronic disease, poor physical condition on the survey day, or a feeling that the class was physically and mentally stressful. In particular, the occurrence of severe adverse events that interfered with subsequent yoga practice was high among elderly participants (70 years or older) and those with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusions The results of this large-scale survey demonstrated that approximately 30% of yoga class attendees had experienced some type of adverse event. Although the majority had mild symptoms, the survey results indicated that attendees with chronic diseases were more likely to experience adverse events associated with their disease. Therefore, special attention is necessary when yoga is introduced to patients with stress-related, chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsushita
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8581 Japan
| | - Takakazu Oka
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Holton MK, Barry AE. Do side-effects/injuries from yoga practice result in discontinued use? Results of a national survey. Int J Yoga 2014; 7:152-4. [PMID: 25035627 PMCID: PMC4097902 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Yoga-related injuries are of increasing concern as the use of yoga continues to rise. Aims: The aim of the following study is to examine whether a national sample of yoga practitioners would report discontinued use of yoga due to injury from the practice, assess what injuries resulted in discontinued use, determine what injuries were most common and identify injuries requiring medical attention. Methods: Secondary data analysis of a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States (n = 23,393). Results: Less than 1% of individuals who had ever practiced yoga (n = 2230) reported an injury from yoga that led to discontinued use. Of those reporting injury, less than one-third (n = 4) reported seeking medical attention. The most common side-effect was back pain. Approximately, half of those reporting back pain sought medical attention. Conclusions: Injury due to yoga is an infrequent barrier to continued practice and severe injury due to yoga is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim Holton
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Cramer H, Krucoff C, Dobos G. Adverse events associated with yoga: a systematic review of published case reports and case series. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75515. [PMID: 24146758 PMCID: PMC3797727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While yoga is gaining increased popularity in North America and Europe, its safety has been questioned in the lay press. The aim of this systematic review was to assess published case reports and case series on adverse events associated with yoga. Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, CAMBase, IndMed and the Cases Database were screened through February 2013; and 35 case reports and 2 case series reporting a total of 76 cases were included. Ten cases had medical preconditions, mainly glaucoma and osteopenia. Pranayama, hatha yoga, and Bikram yoga were the most common yoga practices; headstand, shoulder stand, lotus position, and forceful breathing were the most common yoga postures and breathing techniques cited. Twenty-seven adverse events (35.5%) affected the musculoskeletal system; 14 (18.4%) the nervous system; and 9 (11.8%) the eyes. Fifteen cases (19.7%) reached full recovery; 9 cases (11.3%) partial recovery; 1 case (1.3%) no recovery; and 1 case (1.3%) died. As any other physical or mental practice, yoga should be practiced carefully under the guidance of a qualified instructor. Beginners should avoid extreme practices such as headstand, lotus position and forceful breathing. Individuals with medical preconditions should work with their physician and yoga teacher to appropriately adapt postures; patients with glaucoma should avoid inversions and patients with compromised bone should avoid forceful yoga practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Carol Krucoff
- Duke Integrative Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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