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Shah H, Paul G, Yadav AK. Surface-Tailored Nanoplatform for the Diagnosis and Management of Stroke: Current Strategies and Future Outlook. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1383-1403. [PMID: 37707740 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events taking place after the onset of a stroke include membrane ion pump failure, calcium and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, increased ROS production causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, development of brain edema, and microvascular dysfunction. To date, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy and mechanical removal of blood clots are the only clinically available stroke therapies, approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). But because of the narrow therapeutic window of around 4.5 h for tPA therapy and complications like systemic bleeding and anaphylaxis, more clinical trials are ongoing in the same field. Therefore, using nanocarriers with diverse physicochemical properties is a promising strategy in treating and diagnosing stroke as they can efficiently bypass the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) through mechanisms like receptor-mediated transcytosis and help achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we will mainly focus on the pathophysiology of stroke, BBB alterations following stroke, strategies to target BBB for stroke therapies, different types of nanocarriers currently being used for therapeutic intervention of stroke, and biomarkers as well as imaging techniques used for the detection and diagnosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Gajanan Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Du L, Roy S, Wang P, Li Z, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Guo B. Unveiling the future: Advancements in MRI imaging for neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102230. [PMID: 38364912 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent a significant and growing global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic tools for accurate and early detection. This work explores the recent progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques and their application in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders. The introductory section provides a comprehensive overview of the study's background, significance, and objectives. Recognizing the current challenges associated with conventional MRI, the manuscript delves into advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution structural imaging (HR-MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) fusion. Each technique is critically examined regarding its potential to address theranostic limitations and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the underlying pathology. A substantial portion of the work is dedicated to exploring the applications of advanced MRI in specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In addressing the future landscape, the manuscript examines technological advances, including the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence in neuroimaging. The conclusion summarizes key findings, outlines implications for future research, and underscores the importance of these advancements in reshaping our understanding and approach to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Du
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xiaoting Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianpeng Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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3
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Bindels KL, Verhoeff MC, Su N, Knijn FV, Aarab G, Fuh JL, Lin CS, Lobbezoo F. Swallowing performance in older adults: Associated cognitive, neuroanatomical and demographic factors. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:296-304. [PMID: 37705384 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swallowing problems are frequently seen in older adults, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). The brain plays a crucial role in both cognition and swallowing. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, researchers identified regions associated with swallowing. However, it is not yet fully elucidated which factors influence the swallowing performance in older adults. OBJECTIVES The current study investigated which factors, such as cognitive function, neuroanatomical factors (e.g., the cortical thickness and volume of specific brain regions) and demographical factors are associated with swallowing performance in older adults. Secondly, it was investigated whether there is a difference in neuroanatomical factors between individuals with and without CI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 15 CI individuals (73.1 ± 9.1 years; 46.7% male) and 48 non-CI controls (69.0 ± 5.1 years; 29.2% male) were included. The repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was performed, and an MRI scan was acquired from the participants. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the cortical thickness of the right supramarginal gyrus and female gender were positively associated, and a higher age was negatively associated with the RSST in older adults (p < .05). CI was not significantly associated with swallowing performance. Furthermore, it was found that the cortical volume differs more frequently between CI and non-CI than the cortical thickness. CONCLUSION A thinner cortex of the right supramarginal gyrus and being an older female are associated with poorer swallowing performance. Secondly, cortical volume was more often found to differ between CI and non-CI individuals than cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Bindels
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Verhoeff
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Su
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F V Knijn
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J L Fuh
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-S Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Etekochay MO, Amaravadhi AR, González GV, Atanasov AG, Matin M, Mofatteh M, Steinbusch HW, Tesfaye T, Praticò D. Unveiling New Strategies Facilitating the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroimaging for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1-20. [PMID: 38640152 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact. The past few decades have witnessed significant strides in comprehending the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and developing diagnostic methodologies for AD, such as neuroimaging approaches. Neuroimaging techniques, including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have revolutionized the field by providing valuable insights into the structural and functional alterations in the brains of individuals with AD. These imaging modalities enable the detection of early biomarkers such as amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles, facilitating early and precise diagnosis. Furthermore, the emerging technologies encompassing blood-based biomarkers and neurochemical profiling exhibit promising results in the identification of specific molecular signatures for AD. The integration of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence has enhanced the predictive capacity of these diagnostic tools when analyzing complex datasets. In this review article, we will highlight not only some of the most used diagnostic imaging approaches in neurodegeneration research but focus much more on new tools like artificial intelligence, emphasizing their application in the realm of AD. These advancements hold immense potential for early detection and intervention, thereby paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies and ultimately augmenting the quality of life for individuals affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amoolya Rao Amaravadhi
- Internal Medicine, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gabriel Villarrubia González
- Expert Systems and Applications Laboratory (ESALAB), Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maima Matin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harry Wilhelm Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Tadele Tesfaye
- CareHealth Medical Practice, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Feng Y, Murphy MC, Hojo E, Li F, Roberts N. Magnetic Resonance Elastography in the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:82-96. [PMID: 37084171 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) present a major health burden to society. Changes in brain structure and cognition are generally only observed at the late stage of the disease. Although advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion imaging may allow identification of biomarkers at earlier stages of neurodegeneration, early diagnosis is still challenging. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive MRI technique for studying the mechanical properties of tissues by measuring the wave propagation induced in the tissues using a purpose-built actuator. Here, we present a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies in which MRE has been applied to study neurodegenerative diseases. Actuator systems for data acquisition, inversion algorithms for data analysis, and sample demographics are described and tissue stiffness measures obtained for the whole brain and internal structures are summarized. A total of six animal studies and eight human studies have been published. The animal studies refer to 123 experimental animals (68 AD and 55 PD) and 121 wild-type animals, while the human studies refer to 142 patients with neurodegenerative disease (including 56 AD and 17 PD) and 166 controls. The animal studies are consistent in the reporting of decreased stiffness of the hippocampal region in AD mice. However, in terms of disease progression, although consistent decreases in either storage modulus or shear modulus magnitude are reported for whole brain, there is variation in the results reported for the hippocampal region. The clinical studies are consistent in reports of a significant decrease in either whole brain storage modulus or shear modulus magnitude, in both AD and PD and with different brain structures affected in different neurodegenerative diseases. MRE studies of neurodegenerative diseases are still in their infancy, and in future it will be interesting to investigate potential relationships between brain mechanical properties and clinical measures, which may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy (NERC-AMRT), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew C Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emi Hojo
- Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Diaz-Torres S, He W, Thorp J, Seddighi S, Mullany S, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG, Pasquale LR, Khawaja AP, Hewitt AW, Craig JE, Mackey DA, Wiggs JL, van Duijn C, Lupton MK, Ong JS, MacGregor S, Gharahkhani P. Disentangling the genetic overlap and causal relationships between primary open-angle glaucoma, brain morphology and four major neurodegenerative disorders. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104615. [PMID: 37201334 PMCID: PMC10206164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve that leads to irreversible visual impairment. Multiple epidemiological studies suggest an association between POAG and major neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease). However, the nature of the overlap between neurodegenerative disorders, brain morphology and glaucoma remains inconclusive. METHOD In this study, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the genetic and causal relationship between POAG and neurodegenerative disorders, leveraging genome-wide association data from studies of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, POAG, and four major neurodegenerative disorders. FINDINGS This study found a genetic overlap and causal relationship between POAG and its related phenotypes (i.e., intraocular pressure and optic nerve morphology traits) and brain morphology in 19 regions. We also identified 11 loci with a significant local genetic correlation and a high probability of sharing the same causal variant between neurodegenerative disorders and POAG or its related phenotypes. Of interest, a region on chromosome 17 corresponding to MAPT, a well-known risk locus for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, was shared between POAG, optic nerve degeneration traits, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite these local genetic overlaps, we did not identify strong evidence of a causal association between these neurodegenerative disorders and glaucoma. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate a distinctive and likely independent neurodegenerative process for POAG involving several brain regions although several POAG or optic nerve degeneration risk loci are shared with neurodegenerative disorders, consistent with a pleiotropic effect rather than a causal relationship between these traits. FUNDING PG was supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (#1173390), SM by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship and an NHMRC Program Grant (APP1150144), DM by an NHMRC Fellowship, LP is funded by the NEIEY015473 and EY032559 grants, SS is supported by an NIH-Oxford Cambridge Fellowship and NIH T32 grant (GM136577), APK is supported by a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship, an Alcon Research Institute Young Investigator Award and a Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Diaz-Torres
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Weixiong He
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jackson Thorp
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahba Seddighi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean Mullany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Australia
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
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Tripathi SM, Majrashi NA, Alyami AS, Ageeli WA, Refaee TA. A Systematic Review of PET Contrasted with MRI for Detecting Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101674. [PMID: 37238158 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There has not been extensive research into crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in neurodegenerative disorders. CCD is frequently detected using positron emission tomography (PET). However, advanced MRI techniques have come forth for the detection of CCD. The correct diagnosis of CCD is crucial for the care of neurological patients and those with neurodegenerative conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PET can offer extra value over MRI or an advanced technique in MRI for detecting CCD in neurological conditions. We searched three main electronic databases from 1980 until the present and included only English and peer-reviewed journal articles. Eight articles involving 1246 participants met the inclusion criteria, six of which used PET imaging while the other two used MRI and hybrid imaging. The findings in PET studies showed decreased cerebral metabolism in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices, as on the opposite side of the cerebellar cortex. However, the findings in MRI studies showed decreased cerebellar volumes. This study concludes that PET is a common, accurate, and sensitive technique for detecting both crossed cerebellar and uncrossed basal ganglia as well as thalamic diaschisis in neurodegenerative diseases, while MRI is better for measuring brain volume. This study suggests that PET has a higher diagnostic value for diagnosing CCD compared to MRI, and that PET is a more valuable technique for predicting CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naif Ali Majrashi
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 85145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alyami
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 85145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Ageeli
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 85145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turkey A Refaee
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 85145, Saudi Arabia
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Budak M, Bayraktaroglu Z, Hanoglu L. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and aerobic exercise on cognition, balance and functional brain networks in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:39-61. [PMID: 36704634 PMCID: PMC9871139 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and aerobic exercises (AE) in addition to the pharmacological therapy (PT) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Twenty-seven patients with AD aged ≥ 60 years were included in the study and divided into 3 groups (rTMS, AE and control). All groups received PT. rTMS group (n = 10) received 20 Hz rTMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) bilaterally and AE group (n = 9) received the structured moderate-intensity AE for 5 consecutive days/week over 2 weeks. Control group (n = 8) only received PT. Cognition, balance, mobility, quality of life (QoL), and resting state functional brain activity were evaluated one week before and one week after the interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT05102045). Significant improvements were found in executive functions, behavior, and QoL in the rTMS group, in balance and mobility in the AE group, and in the visual memory and behavior in the control group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in the behavior in favor of the rTMS group, and balance in favor of the AE group (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in activation on middle temporal gyrus, intra calcarine, central opercular cortex, superior parietal lobule, and paracingulate cortex in Default Mode Network (DMN) in the rTMS group (p < 0.05). High-frequency rTMS over bilateral dlPFC may improve executive functions and behavior and lead to increased activation in DMN, structured moderate-intensity AE may improve balance and mobility, and PT may improve memory and behaviour compared to pretreatment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray Budak
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Ergotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Filippi M, Spinelli EG, Cividini C, Ghirelli A, Basaia S, Agosta F. The human functional connectome in neurodegenerative diseases: relationship to pathology and clinical progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:59-73. [PMID: 36710600 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2174016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases can be considered as 'disconnection syndromes,' in which a communication breakdown prompts cognitive or motor dysfunction. Mathematical models applied to functional resting-state MRI allow for the organization of the brain into nodes and edges, which interact to form the functional brain connectome. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the recent applications of functional connectomics to neurodegenerative diseases, from preclinical diagnosis, to follow up along with the progressive changes in network organization, to the prediction of the progressive spread of neurodegeneration, to stratification of patients into prognostic groups, and to record responses to treatment. The authors searched PubMed using the terms 'neurodegenerative diseases' AND 'fMRI' AND 'functional connectome' OR 'functional connectivity' AND 'connectomics' OR 'graph metrics' OR 'graph analysis.' The time range covered the past 20 years. EXPERT OPINION Considering the great pathological and phenotypical heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases, identifying a common framework to diagnose, monitor and elaborate prognostic models is challenging. Graph analysis can describe the complexity of brain architectural rearrangements supporting the network-based hypothesis as unifying pathogenetic mechanism. Although a multidisciplinary team is needed to overcome the limit of methodologic complexity in clinical application, advanced methodologies are valuable tools to better characterize functional disconnection in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cividini
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alma Ghirelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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11
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Xu X, Xu S, Han L, Yao X. Coupling analysis between functional and structural brain networks in Alzheimer's disease. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:8963-8974. [PMID: 35942744 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between functional and structural brain networks is difficult to clarify due to the complicated alterations in gray matter and white matter for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cohort of 112 participants [normal control group (NC, 62 cases), mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, 31 cases) and AD group (19 cases)], was recruited in our study. The brain networks of rsfMRI functional connectivity (rsfMRI-FC) and diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity (DTI-SC) across the three groups were constructed, and their correlations were evaluated by Pearson's correlation analyses and multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the correlations between rsfMRI-SC/DTI-FC coupling and four neuropsychological scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SB), functional activities questionnaire (FAQ) and montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were inferred by partial correlation analyses, respectively. The results demonstrated that there existed significant correlation between rsfMRI-FC and DTI-SC (p < 0.05), and the coupling of rsfMRI-FC/DTI-SC showed negative correlation with MMSE score (p < 0.05), positive correlations with CDR-SB and FAQ scores (p < 0.05), and no correlation with MoCA score (p > 0.05). It was concluded that there existed FC/SC coupling and varied network characteristics for rsfMRI and DTI, and this would provide the clues to understand the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deficits of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- College of Medical Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Song Xu
- College of Medical Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liting Han
- College of Medical Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xufeng Yao
- College of Medical Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Sengupta U, Kayed R. Amyloid β, Tau, and α-Synuclein aggregates in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Meng X, Wu Y, Liu W, Wang Y, Xu Z, Jiao Z. Research on Voxel-Based Features Detection and Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Random Survey Support Vector Machine. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:856295. [PMID: 35418845 PMCID: PMC8995748 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.856295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by memory and cognitive dysfunction, as well as abnormal changes in behavior and personality. The research focused on how machine learning classified AD became a recent hotspot. In this study, we proposed a novel voxel-based feature detection framework for AD. Specifically, using 649 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methods obtained from MRI in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we proposed a feature detection method according to the Random Survey Support Vector Machines (RS-SVM) and combined the research process based on image-, gene-, and pathway-level analysis for AD prediction. Particularly, we constructed 136, 141, and 113 novel voxel-based features for EMCI (early mild cognitive impairment)-HC (healthy control), LMCI (late mild cognitive impairment)-HC, and AD-HC groups, respectively. We applied linear regression model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), partial least squares (PLS), SVM, and RS-SVM five methods to test and compare the accuracy of these features in these three groups. The prediction accuracy of the AD-HC group using the RS-SVM method was higher than 90%. In addition, we performed functional analysis of the features to explain the biological significance. The experimental results using five machine learning indicate that the identified features are effective for AD and HC classification, the RS-SVM framework has the best classification accuracy, and our strategy can identify important brain regions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Meng
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhuqing Jiao
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuqing Jiao,
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Yee E, Ma D, Popuri K, Chen S, Lee H, Chow V, Ma C, Wang L, Beg MF. 3D hemisphere-based convolutional neural network for whole-brain MRI segmentation. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 95:102000. [PMID: 34839147 PMCID: PMC10116838 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole-brain segmentation is a crucial pre-processing step for many neuroimaging analyses pipelines. Accurate and efficient whole-brain segmentations are important for many neuroimage analysis tasks to provide clinically relevant information. Several recently proposed convolutional neural networks (CNN) perform whole brain segmentation using individual 2D slices or 3D patches as inputs due to graphical processing unit (GPU) memory limitations, and use sliding windows to perform whole brain segmentation during inference. However, these approaches lack global and spatial information about the entire brain and lead to compromised efficiency during both training and testing. We introduce a 3D hemisphere-based CNN for automatic whole-brain segmentation of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of adult brains. First, we trained a localization network to predict bounding boxes for both hemispheres. Then, we trained a segmentation network to segment one hemisphere, and segment the opposing hemisphere by reflecting it across the mid-sagittal plane. Our network shows high performance both in terms of segmentation efficiency and accuracy (0.84 overall Dice similarity and 6.1 mm overall Hausdorff distance) in segmenting 102 brain structures. On multiple independent test datasets, our method demonstrated a competitive performance in the subcortical segmentation task and a high consistency in volumetric measurements of intra-session scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Yee
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Da Ma
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Karteek Popuri
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vincent Chow
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Cydney Ma
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Canada; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwest University, Canada
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Zoey FL, Palanivel M, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B. Parkinson's Disease: A Nanotheranostic Approach Targeting Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:707441. [PMID: 34490255 PMCID: PMC8418352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.707441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that is implicated in aging populations. As numerous developed nations are experiencing progressively aging populations today, there is a heightened propensity for the occurrence of PD cases. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation has been considered to be the pivotal mechanism leading to PD pathogenesis. Thus, early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the misfolded α-syn protein can potentially improve the prognosis of PD. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology in the last decade, effective solutions to various neurodegenerative and oncological diseases have been suggested. This review will explore the current innovations in nanotechnology that target the α-syn aggregation pathway, and reinstate the promise they hold as effective early diagnostic and therapeutic solutions to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong LaiGuan Zoey
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathangi Palanivel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imaging Probe Development Platform, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Fayazi N, Sheykhhasan M, Soleimani Asl S, Najafi R. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3494-3514. [PMID: 33745116 PMCID: PMC7981389 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-term symptomatic treatment and dose-dependent side effects of pharmacological treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have forced the medical community to seek an effective treatment for this serious global health threat. Therapeutic potential of stem cell for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders was identified in 1980 when fetal nerve tissue was used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Then, extensive studies have been conducted to develop this treatment strategy for neurological disease therapy. Today, stem cells and their secretion are well-known as a therapeutic environment for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new paradigm has demonstrated special characteristics related to this treatment, including neuroprotective and neurodegeneration, remyelination, reduction of neural inflammation, and recovery of function after induced injury. However, the exact mechanism of stem cells in repairing nerve damage is not yet clear; exosomes derived from them, an important part of their secretion, are introduced as responsible for an important part of such effects. Numerous studies over the past few decades have evaluated the therapeutic potential of exosomes in the treatment of various neurological diseases. In this review, after recalling the features and therapeutic history, we will discuss the latest stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Bertolino N, Procissi D, Disterhoft JF, Weiss C. Detection of memory- and learning-related brain connectivity changes following trace eyeblink-conditioning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in the awake rabbit. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1597-1606. [PMID: 32975314 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal imaging studies have the potential to further establish resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and enable its validation for clinical use. The rabbit subjects used in this work are an ideal model system for studying learning and behavior and are also an excellent established test subject for awake scanning given their natural tolerance for restraint. We found that analysis of rs-fMRI conducted on a cohort of rabbits undergoing eyeblink conditioning can reveal functional brain connectivity changes associated with learning, and that rs-fMRI can be used to capture differences between subjects with different levels of cognitive performance. rs-fMRI sessions were conducted on a cohort of rabbits before and after trace eyeblink conditioning. MRI results were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and network analysis. Behavioral data were collected with standard methods using an infrared reflective sensor aimed at the cornea to detect blinks. Behavioral results were analyzed, and a median split was used to create two groups of rabbits based on their performance. The cohort of rabbits undergoing eyeblink conditioning exhibited increased functional connectivity in the cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and thalamus consistent with brain reorganization associated with increased learning. Differences in the striatum and right cerebellum were also identified between rabbits in the top or bottom halves of the group as measured by the behavioral assay. Thus, rs-fMRI can provide not only a tool to detect and monitor functional brain changes associated with learning, but also to discriminate between different levels of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bertolino
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Weiss
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Soni N, Ora M, Bathla G, Nagaraj C, Boles Ponto LL, Graham MM, Saini J, Menda Y. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography findings in neurodegenerative diseases: Current status and future directions. Neuroradiol J 2021; 34:263-288. [PMID: 33666110 DOI: 10.1177/1971400921998968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to dementia and movement disorders. NDDs broadly include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, parkinsonian syndromes, and prion diseases. There is an ever-increasing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, with an accompanying immense economic impact, prompting efforts aimed at early identification and effective interventions. Neuroimaging is an essential tool for the early diagnosis of NDDs in both clinical and research settings. Structural, functional, and metabolic imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are widely available. They show encouraging results for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment response evaluation. The current review focuses on the complementary role of various imaging modalities in relation to NDDs, the qualitative and quantitative utility of newer MRI techniques, novel radiopharmaceuticals, and integrated PET/MRI in the setting of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Soni
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Manish Ora
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SGPGIMS, India
| | - Girish Bathla
- Neuroradiology Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India
| | | | - Michael M Graham
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India
| | - Yusuf Menda
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
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Abstract
Since many years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have a prominent role in neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, not only in a research setting but also in a clinical setting. For several decades, information from both modalities is combined ranging from individual visual assessments to fully integrating all images. Several tools are available to coregister images from MRI and PET and to covisualize these images. When studying neurodegenerative disorders with PET it is important to perform a partial volume correction and this can be done using the structural information obtained by MRI. With the advent of PET/MR, the question arises in how far this hybrid imaging modality is an added value compared to combining PET and MRI data from two separate modalities. One issue in PET/MR is still not yet completely settled, that is, the attenuation correction. This is of less importance for visual assessments but it can become an issue when combining data from PET/CT and PET/MR scanners in multicenter studies or when using cut-off values to classify patients. Simultaneous imaging has clearly some advantages: for the patient it is beneficial to have only one scan session instead of two but also in cases in which PET data are related to functional of physiological data acquired with MRI (such as functional MRI or arterial spin labeling). However, the most important benefit is currently the more integrated use of PET and MRI. This is also possible with separate measurements but requires more streamlining of the whole process. In that case coregistration of images is mandatory. It needs to be determined in which cases simultaneous PET/MRI leads to new insights or improved diagnosis compared to multimodal imaging using dedicated scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dupont
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven, Belgium; University of Stellenbosch, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Shu Z, Pang P, Wu X, Cui S, Xu Y, Zhang M. An Integrative Nomogram for Identifying Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease Using Non-motor Symptoms and White Matter-Based Radiomics Biomarkers From Whole-Brain MRI. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:548616. [PMID: 33390927 PMCID: PMC7773758 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.548616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To develop and validate an integrative nomogram based on white matter (WM) radiomics biomarkers and nonmotor symptoms for the identification of early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical characteristics of 336 subjects, including 168 patients with PD, were collected from the Parkinson's Progress Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. All subjects were randomly divided into training and test sets. According to the baseline MRI scans of patients in the training set, the WM was segmented to extract the radiomic features of each patient and develop radiomics biomarkers, which were then combined with nonmotor symptoms to build an integrative nomogram using machine learning. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the nomogram were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve and test data, respectively. In addition, we investigated 58 patients with atypical PD who had imaging scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) to verify whether the nomogram was able to distinguish patients with typical PD from patients with SWEDD. A decision curve analysis was also performed to validate the clinical practicality of the nomogram. Results: The area under the curve values of the integrative nomogram for the training, testing and verification sets were 0.937, 0.922, and 0.836, respectively; the specificity values were 83.8, 88.2, and 91.38%, respectively; and the sensitivity values were 84.6, 82.4, and 70.69%, respectively. A significant difference in the number of patients with PD was observed between the high-risk group and the low-risk group based on the nomogram (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This integrative nomogram is a new potential method to identify patients with early-stage PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Shu
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Shu ZY, Cui SJ, Wu X, Xu Y, Huang P, Pang PP, Zhang M. Predicting the progression of Parkinson's disease using conventional MRI and machine learning: An application of radiomic biomarkers in whole-brain white matter. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1611-1624. [PMID: 33017475 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomics model based on whole-brain white matter and clinical features to predict the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS PD patient data from the Parkinson's Progress Markers Initiative (PPMI) database was evaluated. Seventy-two PD patients with disease progression, as measured by the Hoehn-Yahr Scale (HYS) (stage 1-5), and 72 PD patients with stable PD were matched by sex, age, and category of HYS and included in the current study. Each individual's T1 -weighted MRI scans at the baseline timepoint were segmented to isolate whole-brain white matter for radiomics feature extraction. The total dataset was divided into a training and test set according to subject serial number. The size of the training dataset was reduced using the maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm to construct a radiomics signature using machine learning. Finally, a joint model was constructed by incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical progression scores. The test data were then used to validate the prediction models, which were evaluated based on discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. RESULTS Based on the overall data, the areas under curve (AUCs) of the joint model, signature and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III PD rating score were 0.836, 0.795, and 0.550, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivities were 0.805, 0.875, and 0.292, respectively, and the specificities were 0.722, 0.697, and 0.861, respectively. In addition, the predictive accuracy of the model was 0.827, the sensitivity was 0.829 and the specificity was 0.702 for stage-1 PD. For stage-2 PD, the predictive accuracy of the model was 0.854, the sensitivity was 0.960, and the specificity was 0.600. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that conventional structural MRI can predict the progression of PD. This work also supports the use of a simple radiomics signature built from whole-brain white matter features as a useful tool for the assessment and monitoring of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Cui
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Villa C, Lavitrano M, Salvatore E, Combi R. Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Recent Insights. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030061. [PMID: 32664352 PMCID: PMC7565667 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly, affecting millions of people worldwide and clinically characterized by a progressive and irreversible cognitive decline. The rapid increase in the incidence of AD highlights the need for an easy, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages in order to halt or delay the progression. The currently used diagnostic methods rely on measures of amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylated (p-tau) and total tau (t-tau) protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aided by advanced neuroimaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the invasiveness of these procedures and the high cost restrict their utilization. Hence, biomarkers from biological fluids obtained using non-invasive methods and novel neuroimaging approaches provide an attractive alternative for the early diagnosis of AD. Such biomarkers may also be helpful for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, allowing differential diagnosis or at least prolonging the pre-symptomatic stage in patients suffering from AD. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limits of the conventional biomarkers as well as recent promising candidates from alternative body fluids and new imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Salvatore
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (R.C.)
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Agosta F, Canu E, Filippi M. Virtual reality and real-time neurofeedback functional MRI: a breakthrough in foreseeing Alzheimer's disease? Brain 2020; 143:722-726. [PMID: 32203574 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Earliest amyloid and tau deposition modulate the influence of limbic networks during closed-loop hippocampal downregulation’ by Skouras etal. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit and Neurophysiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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24
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Castellazzi G, Cuzzoni MG, Cotta Ramusino M, Martinelli D, Denaro F, Ricciardi A, Vitali P, Anzalone N, Bernini S, Palesi F, Sinforiani E, Costa A, Micieli G, D'Angelo E, Magenes G, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM. A Machine Learning Approach for the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer and Vascular Dementia Fed by MRI Selected Features. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32595465 PMCID: PMC7300291 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among dementia-like diseases, Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are two of the most frequent. AD and VD may share multiple neurological symptoms that may lead to controversial diagnoses when using conventional clinical and MRI criteria. Therefore, other approaches are needed to overcome this issue. Machine learning (ML) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy of several neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. To this end, in this study, we investigated, first, whether different kinds of ML algorithms, combined with advanced MRI features, could be supportive in classifying VD from AD and, second, whether the developed approach might help in predicting the prevalent disease in subjects with an unclear profile of AD or VD. Three ML categories of algorithms were tested: artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Multiple regional metrics from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of 60 subjects (33 AD, 27 VD) were used as input features to train the algorithms and find the best feature pattern to classify VD from AD. We then used the identified VD–AD discriminant feature pattern as input for the most performant ML algorithm to predict the disease prevalence in 15 dementia patients with a “mixed VD–AD dementia” (MXD) clinical profile using their baseline MRI data. ML predictions were compared with the diagnosis evidence from a 3-year clinical follow-up. ANFIS emerged as the most efficient algorithm in discriminating AD from VD, reaching a classification accuracy greater than 84% using a small feature pattern. Moreover, ANFIS showed improved classification accuracy when trained with a multimodal input feature data set (e.g., DTI + rs-fMRI metrics) rather than a unimodal feature data set. When applying the best discriminant pattern to the MXD group, ANFIS achieved a correct prediction rate of 77.33%. Overall, results showed that our approach has a high discriminant power to classify AD and VD profiles. Moreover, the same approach also showed potential in predicting earlier the prevalent underlying disease in dementia patients whose clinical profile is uncertain between AD and VD, therefore suggesting its usefulness in supporting physicians' diagnostic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellazzi
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Martinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Headache Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ricciardi
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vitali
- Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Anzalone
- Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele Vita e Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bernini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Sinforiani
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micieli
- Department of Emergency Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Magenes
- Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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25
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Alonso J, Pareto D, Alberich M, Kober T, Maréchal B, Lladó X, Rovira A. Assessment of brain volumes obtained from MP-RAGE and MP2RAGE images, quantified using different segmentation methods. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 33:757-767. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Vergara VM, Salman M, Abrol A, Espinoza FA, Calhoun VD. Determining the number of states in dynamic functional connectivity using cluster validity indexes. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 337:108651. [PMID: 32109439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering analysis is employed in brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) to cluster the data into a set of dynamic states. These states correspond to different patterns of functional connectivity that iterate through time. Although several cluster validity index (CVI) methods to determine the best clustering partition exists, the appropriateness of methods to apply in the case of dynamic connectivity analysis has not been determined. NEW METHOD Currently employed indexes do not provide a crisp answer on what is the best number of clusters. In addition, there is a lack of CVI testing in the context of dFC data. This work tests a comprehensive set of twenty four cluster validity indexes applied to addiction data and suggest the best ones for clustering dynamic functional connectivity. RESULTS Out of the twenty four considered CVIs, Davies-Bouldin and Ray-Turi were the most suitable methods to find the number of clusters in both simulation and real data. The solution for these two CVIs is to find a local minimum critical point, which can be automated using computational algorithms. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Elbow-Criterion, Silhouette and GAP-Statistic methods have been widely used in dFC studies. These methods are included among the tested CVIs where the performances of all twenty four CVIs are compared. CONCLUSIONS Davies-Bouldin and Ray-Turi CVIs showed better performance among a group of twenty four CVIs in determining the number of clusters to use in dFC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Vergara
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Mustafa Salman
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Anees Abrol
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Flor A Espinoza
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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27
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Lin C, Yeung AWK. What do we learn from brain imaging?—A primer for the dentists who want to know more about the association between the brain and human stomatognathic functions. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:659-671. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry School of Dentistry National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science School of Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Brain Research Center National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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28
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White matter alterations in early Parkinson's disease: role of motor symptom lateralization. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:357-364. [PMID: 31650438 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder that initially presents with unilateral symptoms. Widespread white matter (WM) alterations have been reported since the early stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate WM alterations in right-dominant and left-dominant symptom PD patients (RPD and LPD, respectively) with respect to healthy controls (HC) by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty-eight subjects participated in this study: 12 RPD (median H&Y [IQR] = 1.5 [1.1-2], median UPDRS III [IQR] = 23 [7.8-25]), 9 LPD (median H&Y [IQR] = 1.5 [1-2.5], median UPDRS III [IQR] = 17 [12-22]), and 17 HC. All the participants were scanned on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were computed for all the subjects. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was performed for each diffusion parameter, to test WM differences between RPD, LPD, and HC (ANCOVA design). Family-wise error (FWE) correction was performed and p values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS No significant FA and RD differences were observed between RPD, LPD, and HC. Significantly increased MD and AD were observed in RPD with respect to HC within widespread WM regions, bilaterally. Conversely, no significant WM alterations were detected in LPD. CONCLUSION WM integrity was found to be significantly altered in RPD but not in LPD, suggesting that LPD profile may be associated to more favorable prognosis. Since clinical laterality onset may affect the extent of WM integrity changes, it should be taken into account in neuroimaging studies investigating PD.
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29
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Kita M, Yoshida S, Kondo K, Yamakawa Y, Ano Y. Effects of iso-α-acids, the hop-derived bitter components in beer, on the MRI-based Brain Healthcare Quotient in healthy middle-aged to older adults. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:273-278. [PMID: 31587526 PMCID: PMC7292307 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neurological disorders are a major public health issue worldwide and are often associated with structural changes in the brain. We have previously demonstrated that iso‐α‐acids (IAAs), the hop‐derived bitter components in beer, improve memory impairment in aged and Alzheimer's disease mouse models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IAA intake on the brain structure in healthy middle‐aged to older adults. This study was conducted under the Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program (ImPACT) study launched by the Cabinet office of Japan. Method This study employed an open‐labeled, single‐arm, before and after design. Healthy middle‐aged to older adults consumed a beverage containing IAAs (3 mg/190 mL) for 4 weeks.Recently developed magnetic resonance imaging‐based brain health indicators were used to evaluate the following brain conditions: the Brain Healthcare Quotient (BHQ) based on gray matter volume (GM‐BHQ) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA‐BHQ). Results In total, 25 subjects were recruited, and GM‐BHQ and FA‐BHQ were measured before and after intervention. In all subjects, no significant differences in GM‐BHQ and FA‐BHQ were observed. In subjects aged ≥ 60 years (mean 54.5; standard deviation 3.9) (n = 8), GM‐BHQ was significantly increased 4 weeks after intervention compared with that before intervention. Conclusion Intake of beverages containing IAAs might affect brain aging, particularly in healthy older adults, which may prevent the development of neurological disorders. Future studies employing more robust designs can elucidate the effects of IAAs on GM‐BHQ and cognitive functions. This is the first clinical trial evaluating the effects of intake of bitter component of beer, iso‐alpha‐acid, on brain structure. The brain structure before and after intervention was measured by recently developed magnetic resonance imaging‐based method. The gray matter volume of older adults was improved by the intake of iso‐alpha‐acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Vergara VM, Abrol A, Espinoza FA, Calhoun VD. Selection of Efficient Clustering Index to Estimate the Number of Dynamic Brain States from Functional Network Connectivity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:632-635. [PMID: 31945977 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clustering analysis is employed in brain dynamic functional connectivity to cluster the data into a set of dynamic states. These states correspond to different patterns of functional connectivity that iterate through time. Although several methods to determine the best clustering partition exists, the appropriateness of methods to apply in the case of dynamic connectivity analysis has not been determined. In this work we examine the use of the Davies-Bouldin clustering validity index via simulation and real data analysis. Currently employed indexes, such as the Silhouette index, do not provide an effective estimation requiring the use of an elbow criterion. All elbow criteria rely on users experience and introduce uncertainty into the estimation. We demonstrate the feasibility of using the Davies-Bouldin index as a method delivering a unique discrete response to provide automated selection of the number of clusters.
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31
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The power of sample size through a multi-scanner approach in MR neuroimaging regression analysis: evidence from Alzheimer's disease with and without depression. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:563-571. [PMID: 31054027 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The inconsistency of volumetric results often seen in MR neuroimaging studies can be partially attributed to small sample sizes and variable data analysis approaches. Increased sample size through multi-scanner studies can tackle the former, but combining data across different scanner platforms and field-strengths may introduce a variability factor capable of masking subtle statistical differences. To investigate the sample size effect on regression analysis between depressive symptoms and grey matter volume (GMV) loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a retrospective multi-scanner investigation was conducted. A cohort of 172 AD patients, with or without comorbid depressive symptoms, was studied. Patients were scanned with different imaging protocols in four different MRI scanners operating at either 1.5 T or 3.0 T. Acquired data were uniformly analyzed using the computational anatomy toolbox (CAT12) of the statistical parametric mapping (SPM12) software. Single- and multi-scanner regression analyses were applied to identify the anatomical pattern of correlation between GM loss and depression severity. A common anatomical pattern of correlation between GMV loss and increased depression severity, mostly involving sensorimotor areas, was identified in all patient subgroups imaged in different scanners. Analysis of the pooled multi-scanner data confirmed the above finding employing a more conservative statistical criterion. In the retrospective multi-scanner setting, a significant correlation was also exhibited for temporal and frontal areas. Increasing the sample size by retrospectively pooling multi-scanner data, irrespective of the acquisition platform and parameters employed, can facilitate the identification of anatomical areas with a strong correlation between GMV changes and depression symptoms in AD patients.
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32
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Federico A. Rare Diseases Day and Brain Awareness Week: the active participation of Neurological Sciences. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:441-445. [PMID: 30810825 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Federico
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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33
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Ghazi Sherbaf F, Aarabi MH, Hosein Yazdi M, Haghshomar M. White matter microstructure in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1017-1036. [PMID: 30289588 PMCID: PMC6865781 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revolutionized our understanding of the neural underpinnings of alcohol teratogenesis. This technique can detect alterations in white matter in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Using Prisma guidelines, we identified 23 DTI studies conducted on individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). These studies confirm the widespread nature of brain damage in PAE by reporting diffusivity alterations in commissural, association, and projection fibers; and in relation to increasing cognitive impairment. Reduced integrity in terms of lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) is reported more consistently in the corpus callosum, cerebellar peduncles, cingulum, and longitudinal fasciculi connecting frontal and temporoparietal regions. Although these interesting results provide insight into FASD neuropathology, it is important to investigate the clinical diversity of this disorder for better treatment options and prediction of progression. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of different patterns of neural structure between PAE and typically developed individuals. We further discuss the association of alterations in diffusivity with demographic features and symptomatology of PAE. With the accumulated knowledge of the neural correlates of FASD presenting symptoms, a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity in FASD will potentially improve the disease management and will highlight the diagnostic challenges and potential areas of future research avenues, where neural markers may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meisam Hosein Yazdi
- Namazee Hospital, Imaging Research Center, Department of RadiologyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Filippi M, Sarasso E, Agosta F. Resting-state Functional MRI in Parkinsonian Syndromes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:104-117. [PMID: 30838308 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used to study abnormal patterns of functional connectivity at rest in patients with movement disorders such as idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonisms. Methods This manuscript provides an educational review of the current use of resting-state fMRI in the field of parkinsonian syndromes. Results Resting-state fMRI studies have improved the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying motor and non-motor symptom development and progression in movement disorders. Even if its inclusion in clinical practice is still far away, resting-state fMRI has the potential to be a promising biomarker for early disease detection and prediction. It may also aid in differential diagnosis and monitoring brain responses to therapeutic agents and neurorehabilitation strategies in different movement disorders. Conclusions There is urgent need to identify and validate prodromal biomarkers in PD patients, to perform further studies assessing both overlapping and disease-specific fMRI abnormalities among parkinsonian syndromes, and to continue technical advances to fully realize the potential of fMRI as a tool to monitor the efficacy of chronic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sarasso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Laboratory of Movement Analysis San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
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35
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Iaccarino L, Sala A, Caminiti SP, Santangelo R, Iannaccone S, Magnani G, Perani D. The brain metabolic signature of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. Cortex 2018; 108:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Nadeau A, Lungu O, Boré A, Plamondon R, Duchesne C, Robillard MÈ, Bobeuf F, Lafontaine AL, Gheysen F, Bherer L, Doyon J. A 12-Week Cycling Training Regimen Improves Upper Limb Functions in People With Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:351. [PMID: 30254577 PMCID: PMC6141966 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that physical exercise can help improve upper limb functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients; yet evidence for this hypothesis is limited. Objective: To assess the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on general upper limb functions in sedentary people with PD and healthy adults (HA). Methods: Two groups, 19 PD patients (Hoehn & Yahr ≤ 2) and 20 HA, matched on age and sedentary level, followed a 3-month stationary bicycle AET regimen. We used the kinematic theory framework to characterize and quantify the different motor control commands involved in performing simple upper-limb movements as drawing lines. Repeated measures ANCOVA models were used to assess the effect of AET in each group, as well as the difference between groups following the training regimen. Results: At baseline, PD individuals had a larger antagonist response, a longer elapsed time between the visual stimulus and the end of the movement, and a longer time of displacement of the stylus than the HA. Following the 12-week AET, PD participants showed significant decreases of the agonist and antagonist commands, as well as the antagonist response spread. A significant group ∗ session interaction effect was observed for the agonist command and the response spread of the antagonist command, suggesting a significant change for these two parameters only in PD patients following the AET. Among the differences observed at baseline, only the difference for the time of movement remained after AET. Conclusion: A 3-month AET has a significant positive impact on the capacity to draw lines in a more efficiency way, in PD patients, indicating an improvement in the upper limb motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nadeau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research in Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Boré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Plamondon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Robillard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Bobeuf
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Louise Lafontaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Movement Disorder Clinic, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Freja Gheysen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Bherer
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Tonacci A, Billeci L. Olfactory Testing in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Literature Review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:342-352. [PMID: 29742909 PMCID: PMC10852515 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518775037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder featuring language impairment, personality changes, and executive defects, often due to the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Both FTD and FTLD are often associated with olfactory impairment, early biomarker for neurodegeneration, which can be evaluated with different techniques, among which low-cost olfactory tests are widely used. Therefore, we conducted a review of the literature focusing on papers published between January 1, 2007, and June 12, 2017, investigating the usefulness of olfactory testing in FTD/FTLD. A general decrease in the olfactory identification ability was seen in most of the articles and, taken together with a preserved odor discrimination, reveals a higher order impairment, possibly linked to cognitive decrease or language impairments, and not to a specific deficit of the olfactory system. This evidence could represent a useful add-on to the current literature, increasing the diagnostic value of olfactory assessment, particularly in cases where differential diagnosis is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
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38
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Filippi M, Elisabetta S, Piramide N, Agosta F. Functional MRI in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:439-467. [PMID: 30314606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used to study abnormal patterns of brain connectivity at rest and activation during a variety of tasks in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). fMRI studies in PD have led to a better understanding of many aspects of the disease including both motor and non-motor symptoms. Although its translation into clinical practice is still at an early stage, fMRI measures hold promise for multiple clinical applications in PD, including the early detection, predicting future change in clinical status, and as a marker of alterations in brain physiology related to neurotherapeutic agents and neurorehabilitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sarasso Elisabetta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Piramide
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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39
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Harman P, Law C, Pardhan S, Lin ZH, Johnson M, Walter S, Fassbender K, Aspinall R, Grunwald IQ. Technical note: can resting state functional MRI assist in routine clinical diagnosis? BJR Case Rep 2018; 4:20180030. [PMID: 30931142 PMCID: PMC6438408 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some differences in clinical presentation, it is often difficult to differentiate between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), clinical Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and Parkinson’s disease dementia. However, differentiation can be crucial, especially as patients with DLB characteristically have a hypersensitivity to most antiemetic and neuroleptic drugs as they affect the cholinergic and dopaminergic system, potentially leading to life-threatening catatonia, loss of cognitive function and muscle rigidity. The aim of this study is to evaluate if resting state (RS) functional MRI (fMRI) can be used in routine practice on a 1.5 T scanner to differentiate between AD and DLB on an individual basis. We age- and gender-matched a known DLB patient with an AD patient and a human control (HC). Individual independent component analysis was carried out. Region of interest seeds were chosen from the midcingulate and insula regions. Functional connectivity from insula to midcingulate and within the midcingulate network (part of the Salience network) was lower in DLB than AD or HC. RS-fMRI on a 1.5 T scanner, in a routine clinical setting, detected abnormal functional connectivity patterns and allowed differentiation of DLB and AD in a routine clinical setting. This is the first evaluation of RS-fMRI in a routine clinical setting. It shows that incorporating RS-fMRI into the clinical scanning protocol can assist in early diagnosis and likely assist in monitoring the natural history of the disease or disease modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Unit (VERU), Faculty of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, , UK
| | - ZhiHao Henry Lin
- Symbolic Systems Program Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Radiology Department, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | | | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Aspinall
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, , UK
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Uribe C, Segura B, Baggio HC, Abos A, Garcia-Diaz AI, Campabadal A, Marti MJ, Valldeoriola F, Compta Y, Bargallo N, Junque C. Gray/White Matter Contrast in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:89. [PMID: 29636679 PMCID: PMC5881246 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray/white matter contrast (GWC) decreases with aging and has been found to be a useful MRI biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its utility in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has not been investigated. The aims of the study were to test whether GWC is sensitive to aging changes in PD patients, if PD patients differ from healthy controls (HCs) in GWC, and whether the use of GWC data would improve the sensitivity of cortical thickness analyses to differentiate PD patients from controls. Using T1-weighted structural images, we obtained individual cortical thickness and GWC values from a sample of 90 PD patients and 27 controls. Images were processed with the automated FreeSurfer stream. GWC was computed by dividing the white matter (WM) by the gray matter (GM) values and projecting the ratios onto a common surface. The sample characteristics were: 52 patients and 14 controls were males; mean age of 64.4 ± 10.6 years in PD and 64.7 ± 8.6 years in controls; 8.0 ± 5.6 years of disease evolution; 15.6 ± 9.8 UPDRS; and a range of 1.5–3 in Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage. In both PD and controls we observed significant correlations between GWC and age involving almost the entire cortex. When applying a stringent cluster-forming threshold of p < 0.0001, the correlation between GWC and age also involved the entire cortex in the PD group; in the control group, the correlation was found in the parahippocampal gyrus and widespread frontal and parietal areas. The GWC of PD patients did not differ from controls’, whereas cortical thickness analyses showed thinning in temporal and parietal cortices in the PD group. Cortical thinning remained unchanged after adjusting for GWC. GWC is a very sensitive measure for detecting aging effects, but did not provide additional information over other parameters of atrophy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Uribe
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Segura
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo C Baggio
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Abos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna I Garcia-Diaz
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Campabadal
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Marti
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junque
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Non-invasive imaging modalities to study neurodegenerative diseases of aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 95:54-69. [PMID: 29474853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to highlight current approaches for imaging elderly brain, indispensable for cognitive neuroscience research with emphasis on the basic physical principles of various non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. The first part of this article presents a quick overview of the primary non-invasive neuroimaging modalities used by cognitive neuroscientists such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), Profusion imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along with tractography and connectomics. The second part provides a comprehensive overview of different multimodality imaging techniques for various cognitive neuroscience studies of aging brain.
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Canu E, Sarasso E, Filippi M, Agosta F. Effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments on brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a critical review. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:21. [PMID: 29458420 PMCID: PMC5819240 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of pharmacological and nonpharmacological trials have been performed to test the efficacy of approved or experimental treatments in Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this context, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be a good candidate to detect brain changes after a short period of treatment. MAIN BODY This critical review aimed to identify and discuss the available studies that have tested the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in AD and MCI cases using task-based or resting-state fMRI measures as primary outcomes. A PubMed-based literature search was performed with the use of the three macro-areas: 'disease', 'type of MRI', and 'type of treatment'. Each contribution was individually reviewed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Study limitations were systematically detected and critically discussed. We selected 34 pharmacological and 13 nonpharmacological articles. According to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias, 40% of these studies were randomized but only a few described clearly the randomization procedure, 36% declared the blindness of participants and personnel, and only 21% reported the blindness of outcome assessment. In addition, 28% of the studies presented more than 20% drop-outs at short- and/or long-term assessments. Additional common shortcomings of the reviewed works were related to study design, patient selection, sample size, choice of outcome measures, management of drop-out cases, and fMRI methods. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to obtain efficient treatments for AD and MCI. fMRI is powerful enough to detect even subtle changes over a short period of treatment; however, the soundness of methods should be improved to enable meaningful data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sarasso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Movement Analysis, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Wallin A, Román GC, Esiri M, Kettunen P, Svensson J, Paraskevas GP, Kapaki E. Update on Vascular Cognitive Impairment Associated with Subcortical Small-Vessel Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1417-1441. [PMID: 29562536 PMCID: PMC5870030 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical small-vessel disease (SSVD) is a disorder well characterized from the clinical, imaging, and neuropathological viewpoints. SSVD is considered the most prevalent ischemic brain disorder, increasing in frequency with age. Vascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, elevated homocysteine, and obstructive sleep apnea. Ischemic white matter lesions are the hallmark of SSVD; other pathological lesions include arteriolosclerosis, dilatation of perivascular spaces, venous collagenosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microbleeds, microinfarcts, lacunes, and large infarcts. The pathogenesis of SSVD is incompletely understood but includes endothelial changes and blood-brain barrier alterations involving metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factors, angiotensin II, mindin/spondin, and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Metabolic and genetic conditions may also play a role but hitherto there are few conclusive studies. Clinical diagnosis of SSVD includes early executive dysfunction manifested by impaired capacity to use complex information, to formulate strategies, and to exercise self-control. In comparison with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with SSVD show less pronounced episodic memory deficits. Brain imaging has advanced substantially the diagnostic tools for SSVD. With the exception of cortical microinfarcts, all other lesions are well visualized with MRI. Diagnostic biomarkers that separate AD from SSVD include reduction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and of the ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 often with increased total tau levels. However, better markers of small-vessel function of intracerebral blood vessels are needed. The treatment of SSVD remains unsatisfactory other than control of vascular risk factors. There is an urgent need of finding targets to slow down and potentially halt the progression of this prevalent, but often unrecognized, disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustavo C. Román
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Esiri
- Neuropathology Department, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Johan Svensson
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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White matter tract alterations in Parkinson's disease patients with punding. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 43:85-91. [PMID: 28780181 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess brain white matter tract alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease and punding (PD-punding) compared with controls and PD cases without any impulsive-compulsive behaviour. METHODS Forty-nine PD patients (21 PD-punding and 28 PD with no impulsive-compulsive behaviours) and 28 controls were consecutively recruited. Clinical, cognitive and psychopathological evaluations were performed. Diffusion tensor MRI metrics of the main white matter tracts were assessed using a tractography approach. RESULTS Compared with controls, both PD groups showed white matter microstructural alterations of the left pedunculopontine tract and splenium of the corpus callosum. PD-punding patients showed a further damage to the right pedunculopontine tract and uncinate fasciculus, genu of the corpus callosum, and left parahippocampal tract relative to controls. When adjusting for depression and/or apathy severity, a greater damage of the genu of the corpus callosum and the left pedunculopontine tract was found in PD-punding compared with patients with no impulsive-compulsive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS PD-punding is associated with a disconnection between midbrain, limbic and white matter tracts projecting to the frontal cortices. These alterations are at least partially independent of their psychopathological changes. Diffusion tensor MRI is a powerful tool for understanding the neural substrates underlying punding in PD.
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Sheikh-Bahaei N, Sajjadi SA, Manavaki R, Gillard JH. Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:71-88. [PMID: 30480230 PMCID: PMC6159632 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent developments in imaging biomarkers have revolutionized the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease at early stages, the utility of most of these techniques in clinical setting remains unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a clear stepwise algorithm on using multitier imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease to be used by clinicians and radiologists for day-to-day practice. We summarized the role of most common imaging techniques and their appropriate clinical use based on current consensus guidelines and recommendations with brief sections on acquisition and analysis techniques for each imaging modality. Structural imaging, preferably MRI or alternatively high resolution CT, is the essential first tier of imaging. It improves the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and excludes other potential pathologies. When the results of clinical examination and structural imaging, assessed by dementia expert, are still inconclusive, functional imaging can be used as a more advanced option. PET with ligands such as amyloid tracers and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose can improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis particularly at the early stages of the disease. There are, however, limitations in using these techniques in wider community due to a combination of lack of facilities and expertise to interpret the findings. The role of some of the more recent imaging techniques including tau imaging, functional MRI, or diffusion tensor imaging in clinical practice, remains to be established in the ongoing and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Roido Manavaki
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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APOE moderates compensatory recruitment of neuronal resources during working memory processing in healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:127-137. [PMID: 28528773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The APOE ε4 allele increases the risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease and modifies brain activation patterns of numerous cognitive domains. We assessed cognitively intact older adults with a letter n-back task to determine if previously observed increases in ε4 carriers' working-memory-related brain activation are compensatory such that they serve to maintain working memory function. Using multiple regression models, we identified interactions of APOE variant and age in bilateral hippocampus independently from task performance: ε4 carriers only showed a decrease in activation with increasing age, suggesting high sensitivity of fMRI data for detecting changes in Alzheimer's disease-relevant brain areas before cognitive decline. Moreover, we identified ε4 carriers to show higher activations in task-negative medial and task-positive inferior frontal areas along with better performance under high working memory load relative to non-ε4 carriers. The increased frontal recruitment is compatible with models of neuronal compensation, extends on existing evidence, and suggests that ε4 carriers require additional neuronal resources to successfully perform a demanding working memory task.
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