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Lisandro Althaus R, Guillermo Nagel O, Eluk D. Inhibitory action of antibiotics on Kluyveromyces marxianus. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:134-139. [PMID: 38472028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A bioassay containing Kluyveromyces marxianus in microtiter plates was used to determine the inhibitory action of 28 antibiotics (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides) against this yeast in whey. For this purpose, the dose-response curve for each antibiotic was constructed using 16 replicates of 12 different concentrations of the antibiotic. The plates were incubated at 40°C until the negative samples exhibited their indicator (5-7h). Subsequently, the absorbances of the yeast cells in each plate were measured by the turbidimetric method (λ=600nm) and the logistic regression model was applied. The concentrations causing 10% (IC10) and 50% (IC50) of growth inhibition of the yeast were calculated. The results allowed to conclude that whey contaminated with cephalosporins, quinolones and tetracyclines at levels close to the Maximum Residue Limits inhibits the growth of K. marxianus. Therefore, previous inactivation treatments should be implemented in order to re-use this contaminated whey by fermentation with K. marxianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lisandro Althaus
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - R.P.L. Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina.
| | - Orlando Guillermo Nagel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - R.P.L. Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Dafna Eluk
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - R.P.L. Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
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2
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Mostafa RE, Shaffie NM, Allam RM. Protective effects of royal jelly and Echinacea against moxifloxacin-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1193-1202. [PMID: 36322409 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2141773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic use, especially fluoroquinolones, has been linked to extensive renal and hepatic injury thus inflicts a considerable health problem. Fifty rats were allocated into five groups (n = 10). Group 1 represented the normal-control group. Group 2 received moxifloxacin only (MOX; 8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for seven days and represented the MOX-control group. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received MOX for seven days accompanied by royal jelly (RJ; 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.), Echinacea (ECH; 40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and a combination of both at the aforementioned doses respectively for 30 days. All groups were investigated for renal and hepatic function tests. Renal tissue content of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) along with renal and hepatic tissue contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed for all groups. Histopathological examination was performed followed by immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 in renal and hepatic tissues. MOX administration resulted in significant renal and hepatic damage. RJ and ECH significantly improved the serum parameters of renal and hepatic functions along with increasing GSH and decreasing MDA in renal and hepatic tissues. Renal contents of KIM-1 were also reduced. Moreover, RJ, ECH, and their combination amended MOX-induced histopathological changes and significantly reduced caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining in both renal and hepatic tissues. The current study is the first to elucidate the effect of RJ, ECH, and their combination against MOX-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats. The study suggests that these protective effects are mainly via the reduction of oxidative stress induced by MOX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt
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Al-Hakkani MF, Ahmed N, Abbas AA, Hassan MHA, Aziz HA, Elshamsy AM, Khalifa HO, Abdelshakour MA, Saddik MS, Elsayed MMA, Sabet MA, El-Mokhtar MA, Alsehli M, Amin MS, Abu-Dief AM, Mohammed HHH. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization using a Facile Validated HPLC Quantitation Analysis Method of 4-Chloro-phenylcarbamoyl-methyl Ciprofloxacin and Its Biological Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14818. [PMID: 37834266 PMCID: PMC10573198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel derivative of ciprofloxacin (Cpx) was synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and SEM analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC analysis. The newly prepared Cpx derivative (Cpx-Drv) exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial properties compared to Cpx itself. In particular, Cpx-Drv demonstrated a 51% increase in antibacterial activity against S. aureus and a 30% improvement against B. subtilis. It displayed potent inhibitory effects on topoisomerases II (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) as potential molecular targets, with IC50 values of 6.754 and 1.913 µg/mL, respectively, in contrast to Cpx, which had IC50 values of 2.125 and 0.821 µg/mL, respectively. Docking studies further supported these findings, showing that Cpx-Drv exhibited stronger binding interactions with the gyrase enzyme (PDB ID: 2XCT) compared to the parent Cpx, with binding affinities of -10.3349 and -7.7506 kcal/mole, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa F. Al-Hakkani
- Department of Research, Development, and Stability, UP Pharma, Industrial Zone, Arab El Awamer, Abnoub 76, Assiut 71745, Egypt; (N.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Nourhan Ahmed
- Department of Research, Development, and Stability, UP Pharma, Industrial Zone, Arab El Awamer, Abnoub 76, Assiut 71745, Egypt; (N.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Alaa A. Abbas
- Department of Research, Development, and Stability, UP Pharma, Industrial Zone, Arab El Awamer, Abnoub 76, Assiut 71745, Egypt; (N.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad H. A. Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Higher Technological Institute for Applied Health Sciences in Minya, Minya 71511, Egypt;
| | - Hossameldin A. Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, New Valley 72511, Egypt;
| | - Ali M. Elshamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Mina, New Minia 61768, Egypt;
| | - Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelshakour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed S. Saddik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; (M.S.S.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; (M.S.S.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Marwa A. Sabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New-Assiut 71684, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - M. S. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abu-Dief
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Hamada H. H. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
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Janse van Rensburg HD, Suganuma K, N'Da DD. In vitro trypanocidal activities and structure-activity relationships of ciprofloxacin analogs. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10704-9. [PMID: 37481633 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropical diseases, such as African trypanosomiasis, by their nature and prevalence lack the necessary urgency regarding drug development, despite the increasing need for novel, structurally diverse antitrypanosomal drugs, using different mechanisms of action that would improve drug efficacy and safety. Traditionally antibacterial agents, the fluoroquinolones, reportedly possess in vitro trypanocidal activities against Trypanosoma brucei organisms. During our research, the fluroquinolone, ciprofloxacin (1), and its analogs (2-24) were tested against bloodstream forms of T. brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, T. evansi, T. equiperdum, and T. congolense and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (cytotoxicity). Ciprofloxacin [CPX (1)] demonstrated selective trypanocidal activity against T. congolense (IC50 7.79 µM; SI 39.6), whereas the CPX derivatives (2-10) showed weak selective activity (25 < IC50 < 65 µM; 2 < SI < 4). Selectivity and activity of the CPX and 1,2,3-triazole (TZ) hybrids (11-24) were governed by their chemical functionality at C-3 (carboxylic acid, or 4-methylpiperazinyl amide) and their electronic effect (electron-donating or electron-withdrawing para-benzyl substituent), respectively. Trypanocidal hits in the micromolar range were identified against bloodstream forms of T. congolense [CPX (1); CPX amide derivatives 18: IC50 8.95 µM; SI 16.84; 22: IC50 5.42 µM; SI 25.2] and against T. brucei rhodesiense (CPX acid derivative 13: IC50 4.51 µM; SI 10.2), demonstrating more selectivity toward trypanosomes than mammalian cells. Hence, the trypanocidal hit compound 22 may be optimized by retaining the 4-methylpiperazine amide functional group (C-3) and the TZ moiety at position N-15 and introducing other electron-withdrawing ortho-, meta-, and/or para-substituents on the aryl ring in an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and increase the trypanocidal activity. Structure-activity relationships of ciprofloxacin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were governed by the chemical functionality at C-3 and electronic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Eid RK, Arafa MF, Ashour DS, Essa EA, El-Wakil ES, Younis SS, El Maghraby GM. Surfactant vesicles for enhanced antitoxoplasmic effect of norfloxacin: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122912. [PMID: 37015296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal was to scrutinize niosomes as potential carriers for enhanced efficacy of norfloxacin against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. This was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Standard niosomes of Span 60 and cholesterol were prepared. Gelucire 48/16 or Tween 80 was incorporated as hydrophilic fluidizer. The prepared vesicles were characterized for shape, size, viscosity and norfloxacin release. The in vitro anti-Toxoplasma was assessed by monitoring tachyzoites viability after incubation with niosomes. In vivo efficacy of niosomes encapsulated norfloxacin was evaluated on infected mice. Transmission electron micrographs showed nano-sized spherical vesicles. Norfloxacin release varied with niosomal composition to show faster liberation in presence of fluidizing agent. The half maximum effective concentration of norfloxacin against tachyzoites (EC50) was significantly reduced after niosomal encapsulation compared with simple drug solution with no significant difference between vesicular formulations. Tachyzoite count in the peritoneal fluid of infected mice was reduced by 45.2, 90.8, 88.3 and 84% after treatment with simple drug dispersion, standard niosomes, Gelucire containing and Tween containing vesicles, respectively compared to infected untreated mice. These results correlate with the in vitro data and reflects the efficacy of niosomes. The study introduced surfactant vesicles as a tool for enhanced efficacy of norfloxacin against toxoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania K Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Dalia S Ashour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Eman S El-Wakil
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Salwa S Younis
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Joshi RK, Agarwal S, Patil P, Alagarasu K, Panda K, Prashar C, Kakade M, Davuluri KS, Cherian S, Parashar D, Pandey KC, Roy S. Effect of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. on dengue virus-2: An in vitro and in silico study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116044. [PMID: 36528212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as "multigreen" and "multivitamin" is consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine to relieve fever. AIM OF THE STUDY This in vitro study is aimed to explore the activities of the lipophilic fraction of the leaves of S. androgynus (LFSA) against dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and malaria (P. falciparum strain 3D7) parasite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LFSA was analyzed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. The antiviral activity of LFSA was studied using the Vero CCL-81 cell line. The cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Focus forming unit (FFU), cell-based immunofluorescence (IFA) assays, and quantitative RT-PCR, were used to determine and confirm antiviral activity against DENV and CHIKV. The antiparasitic activity of LFSA was carried out against P. falciparum strain 3D7 grown in fresh O+ human erythrocytes culture. RESULTS Twelve compounds were identified in LFSA using GC/MS. The most abundant compound was squalene (36.9%), followed by vitamin E (12.5%) and linolenic acid (10.2%). Significant reduction in DENV titre was observed under pre- and post-infection treatment conditions at a concentration of 31.25 μg/ml, but no anti-malarial and anti-CHIKV activity was observed. The Autodock-Vina-based in-silico docking study revealed that β-sitosterol could form a strong interaction with the DENV E glycoprotein. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LFSA can inhibit DENV infection and might act as a potent prophylactic/therapeutic agent against DENV-2. In-silico results suggested that β-sitosterol may block the viral entry by inhibiting the fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivankar Agarwal
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Poonam Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cherish Prashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, Delhi, India; AcSIRAcademic Council of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mahadeo Kakade
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kusuma S Davuluri
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarah Cherian
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, Delhi, India; AcSIRAcademic Council of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
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In Vitro Inhibitory Effects and Bioinformatic Analysis of Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin on Piroplasm. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:213-222. [PMID: 36539677 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The in vitro inhibitory effect of two fluroquinolone antibiotics, norfloxacin and ofloxacin, was evaluated in this study on the growth of several Babesia and Theileria parasites with highlighting the bioinformatic analysis for both drugs with the commonly used antibabesial drug, diminazene aceturate (DA), and the recently identified antibabesial drugs, luteolin, and pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PYR). METHODS The antipiroplasm efficacy of screened fluroquinolones in vitro and in vivo was assessed using a fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. Using atom Pair signatures, we investigated the structural similarity between fluroquinolones and the antibabesial drugs. RESULTS Both fluroquinolones significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) the in vitro growths of Babesia bovis (B. bovis), B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi (T. equi) in a dose-dependent manner. The best inhibitory effect for both drugs was observed on the growth of T. equi. Atom Pair fingerprints (APfp) results and AP Tanimoto values revealed that both fluroquinolones, norfloxacin with luteolin, and ofloxacin with PYR, showed the maximum structural similarity (MSS). Two drug interactions findings confirmed the synergetic interaction between these combination therapies against the in vitro growth of B. bovis and T. equi. CONCLUSION This study helped in discovery novel potent antibabesial combination therapies consist of norfloxacin/ofloxacin, norfloxacin/luteolin, and ofloxacin/PYR.
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Potential Inhibitors of Monkeypox Virus Revealed by Molecular Modeling Approach to Viral DNA Topoisomerase I. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031444. [PMID: 36771105 PMCID: PMC9919579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The monkeypox outbreak has become a global public health emergency. The lack of valid and safe medicine is a crucial obstacle hindering the extermination of orthopoxvirus infections. The identification of potential inhibitors from natural products, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), by molecular modeling could expand the arsenal of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents. Monkeypox DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) is a highly conserved viral DNA repair enzyme with a small size and low homology to human proteins. The protein model of viral DNA TOP1 was obtained by homology modeling. The reliability of the TOP1 model was validated by analyzing its Ramachandran plot and by determining the compatibility of the 3D model with its sequence using the Verify 3D and PROCHECK services. In order to identify potential inhibitors of TOP1, an integrated library of 4103 natural products was screened via Glide docking. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was further implemented to assay the complex binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) were combined with molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) computations to reveal the binding mechanisms of the complex. As a result, three natural compounds were highlighted as potential inhibitors via docking-based virtual screening. Rosmarinic acid, myricitrin, quercitrin, and ofloxacin can bind TOP1 with KD values of 2.16 μM, 3.54 μM, 4.77 μM, and 5.46 μM, respectively, indicating a good inhibitory effect against MPXV. The MM/PBSA calculations revealed that rosmarinic acid had the lowest binding free energy at -16.18 kcal/mol. Myricitrin had a binding free energy of -13.87 kcal/mol, quercitrin had a binding free energy of -9.40 kcal/mol, and ofloxacin had a binding free energy of -9.64 kcal/mol. The outputs (RMSD/RMSF/Rg/SASA) also indicated that the systems were well-behaved towards the complex. The selected compounds formed several key hydrogen bonds with TOP1 residues (TYR274, LYS167, GLY132, LYS133, etc.) via the binding mode analysis. TYR274 was predicted to be a pivotal residue for compound interactions in the binding pocket of TOP1. The results of the enrichment analyses illustrated the potential pharmacological networks of rosmarinic acid. The molecular modeling approach may be acceptable for the identification and design of novel poxvirus inhibitors; however, further studies are warranted to evaluate their therapeutic potential.
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Abadi B, Ilaghi M, Shahsavani Y, Faramarzpour M, Oghazian MB, Rahimi HR. Antibiotics with Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Potential Against Covid-19: A Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:51-63. [PMID: 34994339 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220106162013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In Covid-19 cases, elderly patients in long-term care facilities, children younger than five years with moderate symptoms, and patients admitted to ICU or with comorbidities are at a high risk of coinfection, as suggested by the evidence. Thus, in these patients, antibiotic therapy based on empirical evidence is necessary. Finding appropriate antimicrobial agents, especially with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, is a promising approach to target the virus and its complications, hyper-inflammation, and microorganisms resulting in co-infection. Moreover, indiscriminate use of antibiotics can be accompanied by Clostridioides difficile colitis, the emergence of resistant microorganisms, and adverse drug reactions, particularly kidney damage and QT prolongation. Therefore, rational administration of efficient antibiotics is an important issue. The main objective of the present review is to provide a summary of antibiotics with possible antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-immunomodulatory effects to guide scientists for further research. Besides, the findings can help health professionals in the rational prescription of antibiotics in Covid-19 patients with a high risk of co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehran Ilaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Shahsavani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Oghazian
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Naiel MAE, Abd El-Hack ME, Patra AK. The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in Aquaculture Farming. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:215-234. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the vital constituents that stimulate the
innate immune defense system against pathogens and perform several biological
activities, which provide the first defensive line against infectious diseases. Owing to
their unique structure, they can be utilized as a therapeutic strategy for infectious
diseases in fishes. Several kinds of AMPs are reported in fishes with broad-spectrum
antimicrobial properties. Besides, the bacterial cells cannot develop resistance strains
against these cationic compounds with low molecular weight. Thus, AMPs may be
considered an alternative to antibiotics to prevent or control infectious diseases in
aquaculture. It is essential to provide sufficient knowledge about the mode of action of
AMPs against fish pathogenic agents and their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences,Department of Animal Nutrition,Kolkata,India
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Välikangas T, Junttila S, Rytkönen KT, Kukkonen-Macchi A, Suomi T, Elo LL. COVID-19-specific transcriptomic signature detectable in blood across multiple cohorts. Front Genet 2022; 13:929887. [PMID: 35991542 PMCID: PMC9388772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading across the world despite vast global vaccination efforts. Consequently, many studies have looked for potential human host factors and immune mechanisms associated with the disease. However, most studies have focused on comparing COVID-19 patients to healthy controls, while fewer have elucidated the specific host factors distinguishing COVID-19 from other infections. To discover genes specifically related to COVID-19, we reanalyzed transcriptome data from nine independent cohort studies, covering multiple infections, including COVID-19, influenza, seasonal coronaviruses, and bacterial pneumonia. The identified COVID-19-specific signature consisted of 149 genes, involving many signals previously associated with the disease, such as induction of a strong immunoglobulin response and hemostasis, as well as dysregulation of cell cycle-related processes. Additionally, potential new gene candidates related to COVID-19 were discovered. To facilitate exploration of the signature with respect to disease severity, disease progression, and different cell types, we also offer an online tool for easy visualization of the selected genes across multiple datasets at both bulk and single-cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle T. Rytkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kukkonen-Macchi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
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12
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Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and in silico study of DOTA-fluoroquinolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Fluoroquinolones' Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051658. [PMID: 35268759 PMCID: PMC8911966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel derivatives to rein in and fight bacteria have never been more demanding, as microbial resistance strains are alarmingly increasing. A multitude of new fluoroquinolones derivatives with an improved spectrum of activity and/or enhanced pharmacokinetics parameters have been widely explored. Reporting novel antimicrobial agents entails comparing their potential activity to their parent drugs; hence, parent fluoroquinolones have been used in research as positive controls. Given that these fluoroquinolones possess variable activities according to their generation, it is necessary to include parent compounds and market available antibiotics of the same class when investigating antimicrobial activity. Herein, we provide a detailed guide on the in vitro biological activity of fluoroquinolones based on experimental results published in the last years. This work permits researchers to compare and analyze potential fluoroquinolones as positive control agents and to evaluate changes occurring in their activities. More importantly, the selection of fluoroquinolones as positive controls by medicinal chemists when investigating novel FQs analogs must be correlated to the laboratory pathogen inquest for reliable results.
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Marciniec K, Beberok A, Boryczka S, Wrześniok D. The application of in silico experimental model in the assessment of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin interaction with main SARS-CoV-2 targets: S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLpro)-preliminary molecular docking analysis. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1765-1780. [PMID: 34052981 PMCID: PMC8164684 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified at the end of 2019. Despite growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in virology as well as many molecular studies, except remdesivir, no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug has been officially approved. METHODS In the present study molecular docking technique was applied to test binding affinity of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin-two commercially available fluoroquinolones, to SARS-CoV-2 S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO). Chloroquine and dexamethasone were used as reference positive controls. RESULTS When analyzing the molecular docking data it was noticed that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin possess lower binding energy with S protein as compared to the references. In the case of TMPRSS2 protein and PLPRO protease the best docked ligand was levofloxacin and in the case of E proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase the best docked ligands were levofloxacin and dexamethasone. Moreover, a molecular dynamics study also reveals that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin form a stable complex with E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO). CONCLUSIONS The revealed data indicate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin could interact and potentially inhibit crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marciniec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Millanao AR, Mora AY, Villagra NA, Bucarey SA, Hidalgo AA. Biological Effects of Quinolones: A Family of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:7153. [PMID: 34885734 PMCID: PMC8658791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad antibacterial spectrum, high oral bioavailability and excellent tissue penetration combined with safety and few, yet rare, unwanted effects, have made the quinolones class of antimicrobials one of the most used in inpatients and outpatients. Initially discovered during the search for improved chloroquine-derivative molecules with increased anti-malarial activity, today the quinolones, intended as antimicrobials, comprehend four generations that progressively have been extending antimicrobial spectrum and clinical use. The quinolone class of antimicrobials exerts its antimicrobial actions through inhibiting DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV that in turn inhibits synthesis of DNA and RNA. Good distribution through different tissues and organs to treat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have made quinolones a good choice to treat disease in both humans and animals. The extensive use of quinolones, in both human health and in the veterinary field, has induced a rise of resistance and menace with leaving the quinolones family ineffective to treat infections. This review revises the evolution of quinolones structures, biological activity, and the clinical importance of this evolving family. Next, updated information regarding the mechanism of antimicrobial activity is revised. The veterinary use of quinolones in animal productions is also considered for its environmental role in spreading resistance. Finally, considerations for the use of quinolones in human and veterinary medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Millanao
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Aracely Y. Mora
- Programa de Doctorado en Bioquímica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Nicolás A. Villagra
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Sergio A. Bucarey
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Alejandro A. Hidalgo
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
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Wang F, Li N, Zhang Y, Sun X, Hu M, Zhao Y, Fan J. Preparation and Directed Evolution of Anti-Ciprofloxacin ScFv for Immunoassay in Animal-Derived Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081933. [PMID: 34441715 PMCID: PMC8394695 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunized mouse phage display scFv library with a capacity of 3.34 × 109 CFU/mL was constructed and used for screening of recombinant anti-ciprofloxacin single-chain antibody for the detection of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in animal-derived food. After four rounds of bio-panning, 25 positives were isolated and identified successfully. The highest positive scFv-22 was expressed in E. coli BL21. Then, its recognition mechanisms were studied using the molecular docking method. The result showed the amino acid residue Val160 was the key residue for the binding of scFv to CIP. Based on the results of virtual mutation, the scFv antibody was evolved by directional mutagenesis of contact amino acid residue Val160 to Ser. After the expression and purification, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) based on the parental and mutant scFv was established for CIP, respectively. The IC50 value of the assay established with the ScFv mutant was 1.58 ng/mL, while the parental scFv was 26.23 ng/mL; this result showed highly increased affinity, with up to 16.6-fold improved sensitivity. The mean recovery for CIP ranged from 73.80% to 123.35%, with 10.46% relative standard deviation between the intra-assay and the inter-assay. The RSD values ranged between 1.49% and 9.81%. The results indicate that we obtained a highly sensitive anti-CIP scFv by the phage library construction and directional evolution, and the scFv-based IC-ELISA is suitable for the detection of CIP residue in animal-derived edible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116#Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63#Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (N.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunshang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116#Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116#Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116#Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63#Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (N.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianming Fan
- China College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100#Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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Alaaeldin R, Mustafa M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Fathy M. In vitro inhibition and molecular docking of a new ciprofloxacin-chalcone against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:160-170. [PMID: 34268806 PMCID: PMC8444764 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim SARS‐CoV‐2 is one of the coronavirus families that emerged at the end of 2019. It infected the respiratory system and caused a pandemic worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been safely used as antibacterial agents for decades. The antiviral activity of FQs was observed. Moreover, substitution on the C‐7 position of ciprofloxacin enhanced its antiviral activity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of 7‐(4‐(N‐substituted‐carbamoyl‐methyl)piperazin‐1yl)‐chalcone in comparison with ciprofloxacin against SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro). Materials and methods Vero cells were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. After treatment with ciprofloxacin and the chalcone at the concentrations of 1.6, 16, 160 nmol/L for 48 h, SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load was detected using real‐time qPCR, SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity was determined using plaque assay, and the main protease enzyme activity was detected using in vitro 3CL‐protease inhibition assay. The activity of the chalcone was justified through molecular docking within SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro, in comparison with ciprofloxacin. Results The new chalcone significantly inhibited viral load replication where the EC50 was 3.93 nmol/L, the plaque formation ability of the virus was inhibited to 86.8% ± 2.47. The chalcone exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. The docking study into SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro active site justified the importance of adding a substitution to the parent drug. Additionally, the assessment of the drug‐likeness properties indicated that the chalcone might have acceptable ADMET properties. Conclusion The new chalcone might be useful and has new insights for the inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Muhamad Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Yacouba A, Olowo-Okere A, Yunusa I. Repurposing of antibiotics for clinical management of COVID-19: a narrative review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:37. [PMID: 34020659 PMCID: PMC8139224 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug repurposing otherwise known as drug repositioning or drug re-profiling is a time-tested approach in drug discovery through which new medical uses are being established for already known drugs. Antibiotics are among the pharmacological agents being investigated for potential anti-SARS-COV-2 activities. The antibiotics are used either to resolve bacterial infections co-existing with COVID-19 infections or exploitation of their potential antiviral activities. Herein, we aimed to review the various antibiotics that have been repositioned for the management of COVID-19. Methods This literature review was conducted from a methodical search on PubMed and Web of Science regarding antibiotics used in patients with COVID-19 up to July 5, 2020. Results Macrolide and specifically azithromycin is the most common antibiotic used in the clinical management of COVID-19. The other antibiotics used in COVID-19 includes teicoplanin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, tetracyclines, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime. In patients with COVID-19, antibiotics are used for their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The precise antiviral mechanism of most of these antibiotics has not been determined. Moreover, the use of some of these antibiotics against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains highly controversial and not widely accepted. Conclusion The heavy use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic would likely worsen antibiotic resistance crisis. Consequently, antibiotic stewardship should be strengthened in order to prevent the impacts of COVID-19 on the antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdourahamane Yacouba
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Abdou Moumouni, P.M.B. 10896, Niamey, Niger.
| | - Ahmed Olowo-Okere
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
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19
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Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection 2020; 49:29-56. [PMID: 33367978 PMCID: PMC7851017 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective toxicity antibacteribiotics is considered to be due to interactions with targets either being unique to bacteria or being characterized by a dichotomy between pro- and eukaryotic pathways with high affinities of agents to bacterial- rather than eukaryotic targets. However, the theory of selective toxicity oversimplifies the complex modes of action of antibiotics in pro- and eukaryotes. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE This review summarizes data describing multiple modes of action of antibiotics in eukaryotes. RESULTS Aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, bedaquillin, ß-lactams inhibited mitochondrial translation either due to binding to mitosomes, inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-polymerase-, topoisomerase 2ß-, ATP-synthesis, transporter activities. Oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, ß-lactams, bacitracin, isoniazid, nitroxoline inhibited matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) due to chelation with zinc and calcium, whereas fluoroquinols fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol chelated with these cations, too, but increased MMP activities. MMP-inhibition supported clinical efficacies of ß-lactams and daptomycin in skin-infections, and of macrolides, tetracyclines in respiratory-diseases. Chelation may have contributed to neuroprotection by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidins oxazolidinones, tetracyclines caused read-through of premature stop codons. Several additional targets for antibiotics in human cells have been identified like interaction of fluoroquinolones with DNA damage repair in eukaryotes, or inhibition of mucin overproduction by oxazolidinones. CONCLUSION The effects of antibiotics on eukaryotes are due to identical mechanisms as their antibacterial activities because of structural and functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic targets, so that the effects of antibiotics on mammals are integral parts of their overall mechanisms of action.
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20
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Eslami F, Mahdavi M, Babaei E, Hussen BM, Mostafavi H, Shahbazi A, Hidayat HJ. Down-regulation of Survivin and Bcl-2 concomitant with the activation of caspase-3 as a mechanism of apoptotic death in KG1a and K562 cells upon exposure to a derivative from ciprofloxacin family. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115331. [PMID: 33171188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin derivatives belong to a family of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones. Recently, these compounds have been recommended for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of several new synthetic ciprofloxacin derivatives and the apoptosis-inducing activity of the most efficient derivative in two human myeloid leukemia K562 and KG1-a cell lines. Among the prepared ciprofloxacin derivatives, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-(2-((3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4-DMOCP) was more active compound with IC50 of 19.56 and 22.13 μM for K562 and KG1-a, respectively. Apoptotic activity of the 4-DMOCP was examined morphologically through Hoechst 33258 staining, Annexin V/PI double staining, and caspase-3 activity assays. Changes in the expression level of some apoptosis-related genes and protein, including Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, p53, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 were evaluated by the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT PCR) and western blotting. The qRT PCR analysis showed that 4-DMOCP induces apoptosis in both cell lines via the down-regulation of Survivin and Bcl2, up-regulation of caspase-8 and -9, as well as a time-dependent increase in the Bax/Bcl2 transcripts. The mRNA level of p53 was also increased in both cell lines. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that treatment with the compound, down-regulated the protein expression levels of Bcl2 and Survivin and up-regulated the protein level of Bax in both cell lines. These findings suggest that these new compounds can be good candidates for the treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Eslami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shahbazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin could interact with SARS-CoV-2 protease: preliminary in silico analysis. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1553-1561. [PMID: 33063271 PMCID: PMC7561236 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background A large body of research has focused on fluoroquinolones. It was shown that this class of synthetic antibiotics could possess antiviral activity as a broad range of anti-infective activities. Based on these findings, we have undertaken in silico molecular docking study to demonstrate, for the first time, the principle for the potential evidence pointing ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin ability to interact with COVID-19 Main Protease. Methods In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics techniques were applied to assess the potential for ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin interaction with COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro). Chloroquine and nelfinavir were used as positive controls. Results We revealed that the tested antibiotics exert strong capacity for binding to COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro). According to the results obtained from the GOLD docking program, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin bind to the protein active site more strongly than the native ligand. When comparing with positive controls, a detailed analysis of the ligand–protein interactions shows that the tested fluoroquinolones exert a greater number of protein interactions than chloroquine and nelfinavir. Moreover, lower binding energy values obtained from KDEEP program were stated when compared to nelfinavir. Conclusions Here, we have demonstrated for the first time that ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin may interact with COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro).
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Jassem AM, Dhumad AM, Almashal FA, Alshawi JM. Microwave-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and anti-HIV activities of some drug-like quinolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6')Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.
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Search of Allosteric Inhibitors and Associated Proteins of an AKT- like Kinase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123951. [PMID: 30544836 PMCID: PMC6321509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins associated to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway are widely used targets for cancer treatment, and in recent years they have also been evaluated as putative targets in trypanosomatids parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi. Here, we performed a virtual screening approach to find candidates that can bind regions on or near the Pleckstrin homology domain of an AKT-like protein in T. cruzi. The compounds were also evaluated in vitro. The in silico and experimental results allowed us to identify a set of compounds that can potentially alter the intracellular signaling pathway through the AKT-like kinase of the parasite; among them, a derivative of the pyrazolopyridine nucleus with an IC50 of 14.25 ± 1.00 μM against amastigotes of T. cruzi. In addition, we built a protein–protein interaction network of T. cruzi to understand the role of the AKT-like protein in the parasite, and look for additional proteins that can be postulated as possible novel molecular targets for the rational design of compounds against T. cruzi.
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Anwar MF, Zarina S, Ali S, Abidi SH. Two for one: Viral helicases as an ideal target for HIV and HCV co-infection. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:139-140. [PMID: 29857899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicase enzyme is responsible for the unwinding of complementary nucleic acid strands, which is one of the preliminary steps in DNA replication. They are crucial for replication of an organism, including viruses. HCV and HIV are two clinically significant pathogens, responsible for millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Due to similar transmission routes, these viruses can establish co-infection in an individual. Individually, these infections are difficult to treat, however, in case of co-infection, the treatment becomes more difficult. Additionally, these viruses accumulate mutation in response to drug therapy that renders the treatment ineffective. HCV and HIV both encode enzyme containing helicase activity. The viral-encoded helicase plays a significant role in HIV and HCV life cycle. Here we propose viral helicases as an ideal single-hit target that can inhibit HIV and HCV co-infection. We also hypothesize that search for natural analogs sharing basic ring structure with a class of helicase inhibitors called fluoroquinolones can yield natural agents with superior antiviral (anti-helicase) activity with lower toxicity index. The fluoroquinolones and their analogs are currently not part of any antiviral regimens. Our proposal is to include fluoroquinolones-derived natural analogs as a conjugate therapy along with main regimens available against HCV and HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faraz Anwar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Viale P, Giannella M, Tedeschi S, Lewis R. Treatment of MDR-Gram negative infections in the 21st century: a never ending threat for clinicians. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26210268 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance among Gram negative bacteria has dramatically reduced the current therapeutic opportunities and hampered the perspectives of drug discovery pipeline. Several unmet needs concerning the optimal therapeutic approaches to severe infections caused by the leading multi-drug-resistant GNB are still unresolved, mainly in relationship with the difficulty in the design of prospective comparative studies. Therefore a perspective of how the main resistance patterns and the related infections can be managed in the absence of more definitive data is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Tedeschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Russell Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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