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Zhang WW, Wang XY, Chu YX, Wang YQ. Light-emitting diode phototherapy: pain relief and underlying mechanisms. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2343-2352. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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2
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Water immersion methods do not alter muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers after high-intensity sprinting and jumping exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2625-2634. [PMID: 32880050 PMCID: PMC7674333 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared to active recovery only on the resolution of inflammation and markers of muscle damage post-exercise. Methods Nine physically active men (n = 9; age 20‒35 years) performed an intensive loading protocol, including maximal jumps and sprinting on four occasions. After each trial, one of three recovery interventions (10 min duration) was used in a random order: cold-water immersion (CWI, 10 °C), thermoneutral water immersion (TWI, 24 °C), contrast water therapy (CWT, alternately 10 °C and 38 °C). All of these methods were performed after an active recovery (10 min bicycle ergometer), and were compared to active recovery only (ACT). 5 min, 1, 24, 48, and 96 h after exercise bouts, immune response and recovery were assessed through leukocyte subsets, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myoglobin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations. Results Significant changes in all blood markers occurred at post-loading (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences observed in the recovery between methods. However, retrospective analysis revealed significant trial-order effects for myoglobin and neutrophils (p < 0.01). Only lymphocytes displayed satisfactory reliability in the exercise response, with intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.5. Conclusions The recovery methods did not affect the resolution of inflammatory and immune responses after high-intensity sprinting and jumping exercise. It is notable that the biomarker responses were variable within individuals. Thus, the lack of differences between recovery methods may have been influenced by the reliability of exercise-induced biomarker responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-020-04481-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Effects of Therapy with Light Emitting Diode (LED) in the Calcaneal Tendon Lesions of Rats: A Literature Review. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:6043019. [PMID: 30853864 PMCID: PMC6377949 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6043019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to analyze original articles about the effects of therapy with LED in experimental models of calcaneal tendon lesions of rats. The search was performed in the period from February to May 2018, in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS, besides the Google Scholar, using the descriptors “Achilles tendon”, “Rats”, “LED”, “Tendinopathy”, and “Low-level Light Therapy”, as well as their matching parts in the Portuguese and Spanish languages, related to and in association with the relevant terms to the content sought. From the descriptors used 215 works were found. After application of eligibility criteria 8 works were selected, in which positive results were found after the application of the LED. Regarding the main results found with phototherapy, we observed a significant reduction in inflammation. Only one article mentioned little reduction of inflammation. In relation to the number of sessions, there was wide variation, with an average of approximately 5 sessions every 24 hours. Studies in this review pointed out, therefore, positive results in the repair of the calcaneal tendon after therapy with irradiation LED; however, carrying out more experimental studies that help the standardization of parameters to be used in this therapy for further clinical studies becomes necessary.
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The Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy Versus Cryotherapy for Skeletal Muscle Recovery: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil 2019; 28:526-531. [PMID: 29952693 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Scenario: Cryotherapy is one of the most commonly used modalities for postexercise muscle recovery despite inconsistencies in the literature validating its effectiveness. With the need to find a more effective modality, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has gained popularity because of recent research demonstrating its ability to accelerate the muscle recovery process. Focused Clinical Question: Is PBMT more effective than cryotherapy at reducing recovery time and decreasing delayed onset muscle soreness after strenuous exercise? Summary of Key Findings: Three moderate- to high-quality double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials and 2 low- to moderate-quality translational studies performed on rats were included in this critically appraised topic. All 5 studies supported the use of PBMT over cryotherapy as a treatment for postexercise muscle recovery following exercise. PBMT was superior in reducing creatine kinase, inflammation markers, and blood lactate compared with cryotherapy, following strenuous/high intensity aerobic or strength muscular exercise. PBMT was also shown to improve postexercise muscle performance and function more than cryotherapy. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to suggest the use of PBMT over cryotherapy postexercise to enhance muscle recovery in trained and untrained athletes. Shorter recovery times and increased muscle performance can be seen 24 to 96 hours following PBMT application. Strength of Recommendation: Based on consistent findings from all 5 studies, there is grade B evidence to support the use of PBMT over cryotherapy for more effective postexercise recovery of skeletal muscle performance.
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5
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Dornelles MP, Fritsch CG, Sonda FC, Johnson DS, Leal-Junior ECP, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Photobiomodulation therapy as a tool to prevent hamstring strain injuries by reducing soccer-induced fatigue on hamstring muscles. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1177-1184. [PMID: 30607719 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a potential risk factor for hamstring strain injuries in soccer players. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the hamstrings' muscle fatigue of soccer players during a simulated match. Twelve male amateur soccer players (~ 25 years) participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The volunteers were evaluated in two sessions, with a minimum 7-day interval. At each session, volunteers received either PBMT (300 J per thigh) or placebo treatment on the hamstrings prior to the simulated soccer match. Muscle strength and functional capacity were evaluated through isokinetic dynamometry and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, respectively, before and immediately after the simulated soccer match. Players had lower reductions on hamstring eccentric peak torque [4.85% (ES = 0.31) vs. 8.72% (ES = 0.50)], hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratio [3.60% (ES = 0.24) vs. 7.75% (ES = 0.50)], and CMJ height [1.77% (ES = 0.09) vs. 5.47% (ES = 0.32)] when treated with PBMT compared to placebo. Magnitude-based inference supports that PBMT promoted 75%, 69%, and 53% chances for beneficial effects on hamstring eccentric peak torque, hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratio, and CMJ height, respectively, compared to placebo treatment. In conclusion, PBMT applied before a simulated soccer match proved to be effective in attenuating the hamstrings' muscle fatigue. These findings support PBMT as a promising tool to prevent hamstring strain injury in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Gassen Fritsch
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Chaida Sonda
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Broatch JR, Petersen A, Bishop DJ. The Influence of Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion on Adaptive Responses to Exercise: A Review of the Literature. Sports Med 2018; 48:1369-1387. [PMID: 29627884 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is used extensively in exercise training as a means to minimise fatigue and expedite recovery between sessions. However, debate exists around its merit in long-term training regimens. While an improvement in recovery following a single session of exercise may improve subsequent training quality and stimulus, reports have emerged suggesting CWI may attenuate long-term adaptations to exercise training. Recent developments in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle have provided potential mechanistic insight into the effects of CWI on training adaptations. Preliminary evidence suggests that CWI may blunt resistance signalling pathways following a single exercise session, as well as attenuate key long-term resistance training adaptations such as strength and muscle mass. Conversely, CWI may augment endurance signalling pathways and the expression of genes key to mitochondrial biogenesis following a single endurance exercise session, but have little to no effect on the content of proteins key to mitochondrial biogenesis following long-term endurance training. This review explores current evidence regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which CWI may alter cellular signalling and the long-term adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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7
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da Costa Santos VB, Correa JCM, Chierotti P, Ballarin GS, de Oliveira Toginho Filho D, Nakamura FY, de Paula Ramos S. Cold water immersion or LED therapy after training sessions: effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and performance in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:991-999. [PMID: 30456534 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryotherapy and phototherapy have been suggested as recovery methods due to their anti-inflammatory effects. They may also induce mitochondrial biogenesis, thus favoring endurance training adaptation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and ergogenic effects of phototherapy or cold water immersion (CWI) applied daily after exercise in rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: control (CO), non-exercised (CE), passive recovery (PR), cold water immersion (CWI), and LED therapy (LED). The CO and CE groups were not submitted to training; however, the CE were submitted to an exhaustion test after the training period. Low-intensity swimming training (21 sessions, 45 min) was performed followed by passive recovery (PR), CWI (10 °C, 5 min), or infrared irradiation (940 nm, 4 J/cm2). Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the CE, PR, CWI, and LED animals were submitted to an exhaustion test. The animals were euthanized 24 h later and submitted to hematological, creatine kinase (CK), and C-reactive protein (PCR) analysis. Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were submitted to histological analysis. No differences in blood cell counts, CK, and PCR were detected between groups. The CE group presented an increased number of areas with necrosis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The PR group presented the highest frequency of areas with edema and inflammation followed by CWI and LED groups. None of the recovery methods improved the performance in the exhaustion test. Successive applications of recovery methods do not improve exercise performance, but downmodulate the inflammation and prevent muscle necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscila Chierotti
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Stipp Ballarin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Histology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86051-990, Brazil.
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8
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Vasconcelos AB, Nampo FK, Molina JC, Silva MB, Oliveira AS, de Angelis TR, Hasuda AL, Camargo EA, Ramos SP. Modulation of exercise-induced muscular damage and hyperalgesia by different 630 nm doses of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:749-758. [PMID: 30328526 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We compared the acute effects of different doses of 630 nm light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on skeletal muscle inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats submitted to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups (n = 5-8/group): sedentary control (CON); exercise + passive recovery (PR); and exercise + LEDT (1.2 J/cm2, 1.8 J; 4.2 J/cm2, 6.3 J; 10.0 J/cm2, 15 J). After 100 min of swimming, the rats in the LEDT groups were exposed to phototherapy on the triceps surae muscle. For mechanical hyperalgesia evaluation, paw withdrawal threshold was assessed before and 24 h after swimming. Immediately after hyperalgesia tests, blood samples were collected to analyze creatine kinase (CK) activity and the soleus muscle was removed for histological and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α immunohistological analyses. In all LEDT groups, plasma CK activity was reduced to levels similar to those measured in the CON group. Paw withdrawal threshold decreased in the PR group (- 11.9 ± 1.9 g) when compared to the CON group (2.2 ± 1.5 g; p < 0.01) and it was attenuated in the group LEDT 4.2 J/cm2 (- 3.3 ± 2.4 g, p < 0.05). Less leukocyte infiltration and edema and fewer necrotic areas were found in histological sections of soleus muscle in LEDT (4.2 J/cm2) and LEDT (10.0 J/cm2) groups compared to the PR group. Also, LEDT (4.2 J/cm2) and LEDT (10.0 J/cm2) groups showed less immunostaining for TNF-α in macrophages or areas with necrosis of muscle fibers compared to the PR group. LEDT (4.2 J/cm2, 6.3 J)-reduced muscle inflammation and nociception in animals submitted to EIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Av., São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando K Nampo
- Latin American Institute of Life and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Molina
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Miriam B Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Av., São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Alan S Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Av., São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda L Hasuda
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Av., São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Solange P Ramos
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Mezzaroba PV, Pessôa Filho DM, Zagatto AM, Machado FA. LED session prior incremental step test enhance VO 2max in running. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1263-1270. [PMID: 29546618 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of prior LED sessions on the responses of cardiorespiratory parameters during the running incremental step test. Twenty-six healthy, physically active, young men, aged between 20 and 30 years, took part in this study. Participants performed two incremental load tests after placebo (PLA) and light-emitting diode application (LED), and had their gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) monitored during all tests. The PLA and LED conditions were compared using the dependent Student t test with significance set at 5%. The T test showed higher maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (PLA = 47.2 ± 5.7; LED = 48.0 ± 5.4 ml kg-1 min-1, trivial effect size), peak velocity (Vpeak) (PLA = 13.4 ± 1.2; LED = 13.6 ± 1.2 km h-1, trivial effect size), and lower maximum HR (PLA = 195.3 ± 3.4; LED = 193.3 ± 3.9 b min-1, moderate effect size) for LED compared to PLA conditions. Furthermore, submaximal values of HR and RPE were lower, and submaximal VO2 values were higher when LED sessions prior to the incremental step test were applied. A positive response of the previous LED application in the blood lactate disappearance was also demonstrated, especially 13 and 15 min after the test. It is concluded that LED sessions prior to exercise modify cardiorespiratory response by affecting running tolerance during the incremental step test, metabolite clearance, and RPE. Therefore, LED could be used as a prior exercise strategy to modulate oxidative response acutely in targeted muscle and enhance exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V Mezzaroba
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87.020-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Bauro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Bauro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andrade Machado
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, PR, 87.020-900, Brazil.
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The Antinociceptive Effect of Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Incised Wounds Is Correlated with Changes in Cyclooxygenase 2 Activity, Prostaglandin E2, and Proinflammatory Cytokines. Pain Res Manag 2017; 2017:4792489. [PMID: 28469528 PMCID: PMC5392408 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4792489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. Light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy has been reported to relieve pain and enhance tissue repair through several mechanisms. However, the analgesic effect of LED on incised wounds has never been examined. Objectives. We examined the analgesic effect of LED therapy on incision pain and the changes in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods. Rats received LED therapy on incised skin 6 days before incision (L-I group) or 6 days after incision (I-L group) or from 3 days before incision to 3 days after incision (L-I-L group). Behavioral tests and analysis of skin tissue were performed after LED therapy. Results. LED therapy attenuated the decrease in thermal withdrawal latency in all the irradiated groups and the decrease in the mechanical withdrawal threshold in the L-I group only. The expression levels of COX-2, PGE2, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the three LED-treated groups, whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased only in the L-I group compared with their levels in the I groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions. LED therapy provides an analgesic effect and modifies the expression of COX-2, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines in incised skin.
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De Marchi T, Schmitt VM, Machado GP, de Sene JS, de Col CD, Tairova O, Salvador M, Leal-Junior ECP. Does photobiomodulation therapy is better than cryotherapy in muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:429-437. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Haslerud S, Lopes-Martins RAB, Frigo L, Bjordal JM, Marcos RL, Naterstad IF, Magnussen LH, Joensen J. Low-Level Laser Therapy and Cryotherapy as Mono- and Adjunctive Therapies for Achilles Tendinopathy in Rats. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:32-42. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sturla Haslerud
- NorPhyPain Research Group, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lúcio Frigo
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- NorPhyPain Research Group, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingvill Fjell Naterstad
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Heide Magnussen
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Radiography, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Joensen
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Radiography, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
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Martins C, Moraes M, Hauck M, Guerreiro L, Rossato D, Varela A, da Rosa C, Signori L. Effects of cryotherapy combined with therapeutic ultrasound on oxidative stress and tissue damage after musculoskeletal contusion in rats. Physiotherapy 2016; 102:377-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Peake JM, Roberts LA, Figueiredo VC, Egner I, Krog S, Aas SN, Suzuki K, Markworth JF, Coombes JS, Cameron-Smith D, Raastad T. The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise. J Physiol 2016; 595:695-711. [PMID: 27704555 DOI: 10.1113/jp272881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cold water immersion and active recovery are common post-exercise recovery treatments. A key assumption about the benefits of cold water immersion is that it reduces inflammation in skeletal muscle. However, no data are available from humans to support this notion. We compared the effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammatory and cellular stress responses in skeletal muscle from exercise-trained men 2, 24 and 48 h during recovery after acute resistance exercise. Exercise led to the infiltration of inflammatory cells, with increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, and the subcellular translocation of heat shock proteins in muscle. These responses did not differ significantly between cold water immersion and active recovery. Our results suggest that cold water immersion is no more effective than active recovery for minimizing the inflammatory and stress responses in muscle after resistance exercise. ABSTRACT Cold water immersion and active recovery are common post-exercise recovery treatments. However, little is known about whether these treatments influence inflammation and cellular stress in human skeletal muscle after exercise. We compared the effects of cold water immersion versus active recovery on inflammatory cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in skeletal muscle after intense resistance exercise. Nine active men performed unilateral lower-body resistance exercise on separate days, at least 1 week apart. On one day, they immersed their lower body in cold water (10°C) for 10 min after exercise. On the other day, they cycled at a low intensity for 10 min after exercise. Muscle biopsies were collected from the exercised leg before, 2, 24 and 48 h after exercise in both trials. Exercise increased intramuscular neutrophil and macrophage counts, MAC1 and CD163 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Exercise also increased IL1β, TNF, IL6, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL2, IL8 and LIF mRNA expression (P < 0.05). As evidence of hyperalgesia, the expression of NGF and GDNF mRNA increased after exercise (P < 0.05). The cytosolic protein content of αB-crystallin and HSP70 decreased after exercise (P < 0.05). This response was accompanied by increases in the cytoskeletal protein content of αB-crystallin and the percentage of type II fibres stained for αB-crystallin. Changes in inflammatory cells, cytokines, neurotrophins and HSPs did not differ significantly between the recovery treatments. These findings indicate that cold water immersion is no more effective than active recovery for reducing inflammation or cellular stress in muscle after a bout of resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Llion A Roberts
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Krog
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve N Aas
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jeff S Coombes
- University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Fritsch CG, Dornelles MP, Severo-Silveira L, Marques VB, Rosso IDA, Baroni BM. Effects of low-level laser therapy applied before or after plyometric exercise on muscle damage markers: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1935-1942. [PMID: 27655326 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Promising effects of phototherapy on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage has been already demonstrated in constant load or isokinetic protocols. However, its effects on more functional situations, such as plyometric exercises, and when is the best moment to apply this treatment (pre- or post-exercise) remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) before or after plyometric exercise on quadriceps muscle damage markers. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 24 healthy men, 12 at pre-exercise treatment group and 12 at post-exercise treatment group. Placebo and LLLT (810 nm, 200 mW per diode, 6 J per diode, 240 J per leg) were randomly applied on right/left knee extensor muscles of each volunteer before/after a plyometric exercise protocol. Muscular echo intensity (ultrasonography images), soreness (visual analogue scale - VAS), and strength impairment (maximal voluntary contraction - MVC) were assessed at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Legs treated with LLLT before or after exercise presented significantly smaller increments of echo intensity (values up to 1 %) compared to placebo treatments (increased up to ∼7 %). No significant treatment effect was found for VAS and MVC, although a trend toward better results on LLLT legs have been found for VAS (mean values up to 30 % lesser than placebo leg). In conclusion, LLLT applied before or after plyometric exercise reduces the muscle echo intensity response and possibly attenuates the muscle soreness. However, these positive results were not observed on strength impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gassen Fritsch
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - Maurício Pinto Dornelles
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - Lucas Severo-Silveira
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Bernardes Marques
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - Isabele de Albuquerque Rosso
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brasil.
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16
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Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and/or cryotherapy in skeletal muscle restitution, what is better? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1925-1933. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Light-emitting diodes at 940 nm attenuate colitis-induced inflammatory process in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:367-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Capalonga L, Karsten M, Hentschke VS, Rossato DD, Dornelles MP, Sonza A, Bagnato VS, Ferraresi C, Parizotto NA, Dal Lago P. Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) improves functional capacity in rats with heart failure. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:937-44. [PMID: 27059227 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The syndrome of heart failure (HF) promotes central and peripheral dysfunctions that result in functional capacity decrease, leading to fatigue, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. The use of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) has shown good results reducing fatigue and exercise intolerance, when applied on skeletal muscles before or after exercises. Thereby, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of LEDT on functional capacity, aerobic power, and hemodynamic function in HF rats. Male Wistar rats (230-260 g) were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: Sham (n = 6), Control-HF (n = 4), and LEDT-HF (n = 6). The animals were subjected to an exercise performance test (ET) with gas analysis coupled in a metabolic chamber for rats performed two times (6 and 14 weeks after myocardial infarction). On the day after the baseline aerobic capacity test, the animals were submitted during 8 weeks to the phototherapy protocol, five times/week, 60 s of irradiation, 6 J delivered per muscle group. Statistical analysis was performed by one- and two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). Comparing the percentage difference (Δ) between baseline and the final ET, there was no significant difference for the VO2max variable considering all groups. However, Sham and LEDT-HF groups showed higher relative values than the Control-HF group, respectively, for distance covered (27.7 and 32.5 %), time of exercise test (17.7 and 20.5 %), and speed (13.6 and 12.2 %). In conclusion, LEDT was able to increase the functional capacity evaluated by distance covered, time, and speed of exercise in rats with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Capalonga
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlus Karsten
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vítor Scotta Hentschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Pinto Dornelles
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise Sonza
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Cleber Ferraresi
- Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPG-CR), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
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19
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de Melo CAV, Alves AN, Terena SML, Fernandes KPS, Nunes FD, da Silva DDFT, Bussadori SK, Deana AM, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Light-emitting diode therapy increases collagen deposition during the repair process of skeletal muscle. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:531-8. [PMID: 26873500 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy on the morphology of muscle tissue as well as collagen remodeling and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in the skeletal muscle of rats following acute injury. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) sham, (3) untreated cryoinjury, and (4) cryoinjury treated with LED. Cryoinjury was induced by two applications of a metal probe cooled in liquid nitrogen directly onto the belly of the tibialis anterior muscle. For treatment, the LED equipment (wavelength 850 nm, output power 30 mW, and total energy 3.2 J) was used daily. The study periods were 1, 3, and 7 days after cryoinjury. Morphological aspects were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin staining. The amount of collagen fibers was evaluated using Picro Sirius Red staining under polarized light. The gelatinase activity of MMP-2 was evaluated using zymography. The results showed significant reductions in inflammatory infiltrate after 3 days and an increased number of immature muscle fibers after 7 days. Furthermore, treatment induced a reduction in the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 after 1, 3, and 7 days in comparison to the untreated injury groups and increased the collagen deposition after 3 and 7 days in the treated groups. LED therapy at 850 nm induced a significant reduction in inflammation, decreased MMP-2 activity, and increased the amount of immature muscle and collagen fibers during the muscle repair process following acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Aparecida Viana de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnelo Neves Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stella Maris Lins Terena
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, CEP 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Zagatto AM, de Paula Ramos S, Nakamura FY, de Lira FS, Lopes-Martins RÁB, de Paiva Carvalho RL. Effects of low-level laser therapy on performance, inflammatory markers, and muscle damage in young water polo athletes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:511-21. [PMID: 26873498 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5 days of 810-nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) intervention on inflammatory and muscle damage markers and performance in young water polo players. Twenty young male water polo players participated in the study, which was designed as a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Active LLLT or an identical placebo LLLT were delivered to eight points on the adductor muscle region immediately after each training day. Performance was measured by a 200-m maximal swimming (P200) and a 30-s crossbar jump test (30CJ) which was performed every day before training, and blood samples were drawn pre and post the final LLLT intervention to measure interleukins (IL) and muscle damage markers. There was no significant change in the P200 exercise in the LLLT group compared with the placebo group but there was a moderate improvement in the 30CJ (8.7 ± 2.6 %). IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha presented increased (P < 0.016) concentration within group 48 h after the last LLLT intervention compared to pre, 0, and 24 h, but did not differ between groups. IL-10 increased over time in the placebo group and reached a moderate effect compared to the LLLT group. The creatine kinase decreased significantly (P = 0.049) over the time within the LLLT treatment group, but there was no significant change in lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.150). In conclusion, LLLT resulted in a non-significant, but small to moderate effect on inflammatory and muscle damage markers and a moderate effect on performance in water polo players. In addition, the lack of positive results could be due to the small area covered by irradiation and this should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, CEP 17033-360, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fábio Santos de Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Photobiomodulation and Modeling of Biological Phenomena, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Inflammation during skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue remodeling: application to exercise-induced muscle damage management. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:140-5. [PMID: 26526620 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increase in the practice of sport by more and more numerous people in the Western countries is associated with an increase in muscle injuries, and in demand for improving muscle function and acceleration of muscle recovery after damage. Most of the treatments used target inflammation. Indeed, several lines of experimental evidence in animal models that are supported by human studies identify inflammatory cells, and particularly macrophages, as essential players in skeletal muscle regeneration. Macrophages act not only through their immune functions, but also control myogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling by directly acting on myogenic precursors and fibro-adipogenic precursors. In light of these recent biological advances, the question of early treatment aiming at blunting inflammation after exercise-induced muscle injury is discussed.
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22
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Ferraresi C, dos Santos RV, Marques G, Zangrande M, Leonaldo R, Hamblin MR, Bagnato VS, Parizotto NA. Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) before matches prevents increase in creatine kinase with a light dose response in volleyball players. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1281-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Effect of low-level laser therapy on muscle adaptation to knee extensor eccentric training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:639-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Takhtfooladi MA, Shahzamani M, Takhtfooladi HA, Moayer F, Allahverdi A. Effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy on skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:311-6. [PMID: 25274196 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy has been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion injuries in the skeletal muscle by induction of synthesis of antioxidants and other cytoprotective proteins. Recently, the light-emitting diode (LED) has been used instead of laser for the treatment of various diseases because of its low operational cost compared to the use of a laser. The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of LED therapy at 904 nm on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups of ten rats each as follows: normal (N), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemia-reperfusion + LED (IR + LED) therapy. Ischemia was induced by right femoral artery clipping for 2 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The IR + LED group received LED irradiation on the right gastrocnemius muscle (4 J/cm(2)) immediately and 1 h following blood supply occlusion for 10 min. At the end of trial, the animals were euthanized and the right gastrocnemius muscles were submitted to histological and histochemical analysis. The extent of muscle damage in the IR + LED group was significantly lower than that in the IR group (P < 0.05). In comparison with other groups, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the IR group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The muscle tissue glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutases (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the IR group were significantly lower than those in the subjects in other groups. From the histological and histochemical perspective, the LED therapy has alleviated the metabolic injuries in the skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion in this experimental model.
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25
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Nadur-Andrade N, Zamuner SR, Toniolo EF, de Lima CJ, Cogo JC, Dale CS. Analgesic Effect of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy at Wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm on Bothrops moojeni Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:207-13. [PMID: 24131406 DOI: 10.1111/php.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Envenoming induced by Bothrops snakes is characterized by drastic local tissue damage involving hemorrhage, myonecrosis and proeminent inflammatory and hyperalgesic response. The most effective treatment is antivenom therapy, which is ineffective in neutralizing the local response. Herein, it was evaluated the effectiveness of light-emitting diode (LED) at wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm in reducing inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (BmV) in mice, produced by an subplantar injection of BmV (1 μg). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after venom injection. The site of BmV injection (1.2 cm(2) ) was irradiated by LEDs at 30 min and 3 h after venom inoculation. Both 635 nm (110 mW, fluence of 3.76 J/cm(2) and 41 s of irradiation time) and 945 nm (120 mW, fluence of 3.8 J/cm(2) and 38 s of irradiation time) LED inhibited mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia of mice alone or in combination with antivenom treatment, even when the symptoms were already present. The effect of phototherapy in reducing local pain induced by BmV should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of local symptoms induced after bothropic snake bites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos J de Lima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - José C Cogo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila S Dale
- Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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26
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da Costa Santos VB, de Paula Ramos S, Milanez VF, Corrêa JCM, de Andrade Alves RI, Dias IFL, Nakamura FY. LED therapy or cryotherapy between exercise intervals in Wistar rats: anti-inflammatory and ergogenic effects. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:599-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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