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Zhou Y, Li S, Hu Y, Xu X, Cui J, Li S, Li Z, Ji J, Xing R. Multi-regional sequencing reveals the genetic and immune heterogeneity of non-cancerous tissues in gastric cancer. J Pathol 2024; 263:454-465. [PMID: 38845115 DOI: 10.1002/path.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most heterogeneous tumors. However, research on normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT) is very limited. We performed multi-regional omics sequencing on 150 samples to assess the genetic basis and immune microenvironment in NAT and matched primary tumor or lymph node metastases. NATs demonstrated different mutated genes compared with GC, and NAT genomes underwent independent evolution with low variant allele frequency. Mutation profiles were predominated by aging and smoking-associated signatures in NAT instead of signatures associated with genetic instability. Although the immune microenvironment within NATs shows substantial intra-patient heterogeneity, the proportion of shared TCR clones among NATs is five times higher than that of tumor regions. These findings support the notion that subclonal expansion is not pronounced in NATs. We also demonstrated remarkable intra-patient heterogeneity of GCs and revealed heterogeneity of focal amplification of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) that leads to differential expression. Finally, we identified that monoclonal seeding is predominant in GC, which is followed by metastasis-to-metastasis dissemination in individual lymph nodes. These results provide novel insights into GC carcinogenesis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
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Noda H, Sakata S, Baba S, Togashi Y, Nakano K, Hirasawa T, Nakayama I, Hata C, Takamatsu M, Sugawara E, Yamamoto N, Fujisaki J, Nunobe S, Iwakiri K, Takeuchi K, Kawachi H. Early gastric cancer with RhoGAP fusion is linked to frequent nodal metastasis and a part of microtubular-mucocellular histology. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:772-784. [PMID: 38755445 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer with fusion genes involving the Rho GTPase-activating protein domain (RhoGAP-GC) is mainly included in the genomically stable type of The Cancer Genome Atlas classification. Clinical implications and histological characteristics of RhoGAP-GC in the early phase remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed 878 consecutive pT1b GCs for RhoGAP and its partner genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. RESULTS RhoGAP fusion was detected in 57 (6.5%) GCs. Univariate analysis revealed that female sex, middle-lower third tumor location, advanced macroscopic type, tumor diameter > 2 cm, pT1b2, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, negative EBER-ISH, and RhoGAP fusion were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Multivariate analysis presented RhoGAP fusion, lymphatic invasion, tumor diameter > 2 cm, advanced macroscopic type, venous invasion, and middle-lower third tumor location as independent risk factors for LNM. Notably, RhoGAP fusion had the highest odds ratio (3.92) for LNM among analyzed parameters (95% CI 2.12-7.27; p < 0.001). Compared to non-RhoGAP-GCs, RhoGAP-GCs were significantly frequent in younger females and showed the highest incidence of lymphatic invasion (56.2%) and LNM (49.1%) (p < 0.001). Histologically, microtubular architecture with pseudo-trabecular interconnection and small aggregations of tumor cells with a varied amount of cytoplasmic mucin, named "microtubular-mucocellular (MTMC) histology," was found in 93.0% (53 of 57) of RhoGAP-GCs in the intramucosal area. MTMC histology showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value (93.0% and 99.4%, respectively) for RhoGAP fusion, albeit positive predictive value is low (34.9%). CONCLUSION RhoGAP-GC is linked to a characteristic MTMC histology and a high incidence of LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Noda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Togashi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hirasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chiina Hata
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Takamatsu
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Sugawara
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Fujisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Souya Nunobe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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Rokutan H, Arai Y, Kunita A, Yamasaki S, Nakamura H, Hama N, Nakayama A, Hosoda F, Totoki Y, Fujishiro M, Seto Y, Shibata T, Ushiku T. Genomic and Pathologic Profiling of Very Well-Differentiated Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Type: A Study With Emphasis on Diffuse-Type Transformation. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:652-661. [PMID: 38584451 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of intestinal type is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer characterized by anastomosing glands with a hand-in-hand pattern and low-grade cytologic atypia resembling intestinal metaplasia. This is a slow-growing neoplasm with an indolent clinical course; however, a subset demonstrates transformation into adenocarcinoma with higher-grade histology, typically diffuse-type carcinoma, and behaves aggressively. This study aimed to better characterize the genomic and pathologic features, with a focus on factors associated with diffuse-type transformation. A total of 58 cases with (n=31) and without (n=27) diffuse-type transformation were analyzed for molecular and pathologic features. First, comprehensive deep DNA sequencing was conducted in 18 cases (discovery cohort), followed by a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction of hot spot RHOA mutations in 40 cases (validation cohort). In total, RHOA mutations were the most common alteration (34%), followed by loss of ARID1A (12%), p53 alterations (10%), and CLDN18 :: ARHGAP26/6 fusions (3.4%). FGFR2 amplification was identified in an advanced case with a p53 alteration. Altered p53 expression was recognized only in higher-grade components and was significantly associated with advanced disease ( P =0.0015) and diffuse-type transformation ( P =0.026). A mixed mucin phenotype was also strongly correlated with advanced disease ( P <0.001) and diffuse-type transformation ( P <0.001). Decreased E-cadherin expression was frequently observed (74%) in poorly cohesive components. This study demonstrated that a subset of RHOA -mutant diffuse-type gastric cancers develops through the transformation of very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. Our observations suggest a mixed mucin phenotype as a risk factor and alterations in p53 and E-cadherin as drivers of diffuse-type transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuhito Arai
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | | | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | | | - Fumie Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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Sun G, Chen J, Luo H, Liang D. Creeping gastric cancer was found after gastrectomy: A case report. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:806-807. [PMID: 37949798 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Haibo Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Daoming Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Zhou J, Guo H, Liu L, Jin Z, Zhang W, Tang T. Identification of immune-related hub genes and construction of an immune-related gene prognostic index for low-grade glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3851-3863. [PMID: 37775993 PMCID: PMC10718158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade glioma (LGG) poses significant management challenges and has a dismal prognosis. While immunotherapy has shown significant promise in cancer treatment, its progress in glioma has confronted with challenges. In our study, we aimed to develop an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) which could be used to evaluate the response and efficacy of LGG patients with immunotherapy. We included a total of 529 LGG samples from TCGA database and 1152 normal brain tissue samples from the GTEx database. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Then, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify immune-related hub genes in LGG patients and performed Cox regression analysis to construct an IRGPI. The median IRGPI was used as the cut-off value to categorize LGG patients into IRGPI-high and low subgroups, and the molecular and immune mechanism in IRGPI-defined subgroups were analysed. Finally, we explored the relationship between IRGPI-defined subgroups and immunotherapy related indicators in patients after immunotherapy. Three genes (RHOA, NFKBIA and CCL3) were selected to construct the IRGPI. In a survival analysis using TCGA cohort as a training set, patients in the IRGPI-low subgroup had a better OS than those in IRGPI-high subgroup, consistent with the results in CGGA cohort. The comprehensive results showed that IRGPI-low subgroup had a more abundant activated immune cell population and lower TIDE score, higher MSI, higher TMB score, lower T cell dysfunction score, more likely benefit from ICIs therapy. IRGPI is a promising biomarker in the field of LGG ICIs therapy to distinguish the prognosis, the molecular and immunological characteristics of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Zengcai Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Wencui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Huang X, Duijf PHG, Sriram S, Perera G, Vasani S, Kenny L, Leo P, Punyadeera C. Circulating tumour DNA alterations: emerging biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:65. [PMID: 37559138 PMCID: PMC10413618 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck cancers (HNC) are a heterogeneous group of upper aero-digestive tract cancer and account for 931,922 new cases and 467,125 deaths worldwide. About 90% of these cancers are of squamous cell origin (HNSCC). HNSCC is associated with excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption and infection with oncogenic viruses. Genotyping tumour tissue to guide clinical decision-making is becoming common practice in modern oncology, but in the management of patients with HNSCC, cytopathology or histopathology of tumour tissue remains the mainstream for diagnosis and treatment planning. Due to tumour heterogeneity and the lack of access to tumour due to its anatomical location, alternative methods to evaluate tumour activities are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy approaches can overcome issues such as tumour heterogeneity, which is associated with the analysis of small tissue biopsy. In addition, liquid biopsy offers repeat biopsy sampling, even for patients with tumours with access limitations. Liquid biopsy refers to biomarkers found in body fluids, traditionally blood, that can be sampled to provide clinically valuable information on both the patient and their underlying malignancy. To date, the majority of liquid biopsy research has focused on blood-based biomarkers, such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and circulating microRNA. In this review, we will focus on ctDNA as a biomarker in HNSCC because of its robustness, its presence in many body fluids, adaptability to existing clinical laboratory-based technology platforms, and ease of collection and transportation. We will discuss mechanisms of ctDNA release into circulation, technological advances in the analysis of ctDNA, ctDNA as a biomarker in HNSCC management, and some of the challenges associated with translating ctDNA into clinical and future perspectives. ctDNA provides a minimally invasive method for HNSCC prognosis and disease surveillance and will pave the way in the future for personalized medicine, thereby significantly improving outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Huang
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ganganath Perera
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- The School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Translational Genomics Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold coast, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Graziosi L, Marino E, Natalizi N, Donini A. Prognostic Survival Significance of Signet Ring Cell (SRC) Gastric Cancer: Retrospective Analysis from a Single Western Center. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1157. [PMID: 37511770 PMCID: PMC10382060 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signet ring cell carcinoma accounts for 35% to 45% of all gastric cancer. Despite the acknowledgment of its more aggressive pathological features, various controversies surrounding this topic still exist. Thus, we investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and survival prognostic significance of signet ring cell components in patients affected by gastric cancer. METHODS From January 2004 to December 2020, in a retrospective study, we enrolled 404 patients with gastric cancer who were curatively treated in our department. The male-to-female ratio was 249/142, and the median age was 75 (range 37-94). We dichotomized patients into two groups (75 patients vs. 316 patients) based on the signet ring cell presence; according to preoperative, operative, and postoperative characteristics, we performed a univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival. RESULTS Signet ring cell carcinoma indicated an increasing incidence trend over the time analyzed. Overall median survival of signet ring cell and non-signet ring cell carcinoma were, respectively, 16 vs. 35 months, p < 0.05. In early gastric cancer, the prognosis of the signet ring cell is better than that of the non-signet ring cell, as opposed to advanced cancer. Among the entire population in the multivariate analysis, the only independent factors were preoperative serum albumin level, complete surgical resection, level of lymphadenectomy, and pathological stage. Recurrence occurred more frequently in patients affected by signet ring cell, but in our data, we could not identify a peculiar site of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Signet ring cell carcinoma has a specific oncogenetic phenotype and treatment resistance heterogeneity; however, it is not always associated with poor prognosis. According to our results, a radical surgical procedure associated with an adequate lymphadenectomy should be advocated to improve patients survival. Gastric cancer patients with signet ring cell components should draw clinicians' attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Graziosi
- General and Emergency Surgery of Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marino
- General and Emergency Surgery of Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Natalizi
- General and Emergency Surgery of Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Annibale Donini
- General and Emergency Surgery of Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Chen J, Xu Z, Hu C, Zhang S, Zi M, Yuan L, Cheng X. Targeting CLDN18.2 in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: New drugs and new indications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132319. [PMID: 36969060 PMCID: PMC10036590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract greatly contribute to the global cancer burden and cancer-related death. Claudin-18.2(CLDN18.2), a transmembrane protein, is a major component of tight junctions and plays an important role in the maintenance of barrier function. Its characteristic widespread expression in tumour tissues and its exposed extracellular loops make it an ideal target for researchers to develop targeted strategies and immunotherapies for cancers of the GI tract. In the present review, we focus on the expression pattern of CLDN18.2 and its clinical significance in GI cancer. We also discuss the tumour-promoting and/or tumour-inhibiting functions of CLDN18.2, the mechanisms regulating its expression, and the current progress regarding the development of drugs targeting CLDN18.2 in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Zi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
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Demirci U, Orenay-Boyacioglu S, Kasap E, Gerçeker E, Bilgiç F, Yüceyar H, Yildirim H, Baykan AR, Ellidokuz EB, Korkmaz M. Overexpressions of RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8, and LRP5 genes enhance gastric cancer development in the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Arab J Gastroenterol 2023:S1687-1979(23)00005-9. [PMID: 36720664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Intestinal metaplasia (IM), and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection can be shown as risk factors in the development of gastric cancer (GC). WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. However, the literature studies are limited on the significance of this pathway for the transition from IM to GC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We aimed to investigate the importance of the genes of WNT signaling pathways diagnostic and prognostic markers in the presence and absence of HP in conversion from IM to GC. 104 patients, (GC group n = 35, IM group n = 45, control group n = 25) were included in this case-control study. Expression of genes in WNT signalling were searched in study groups with qRT-PCR array and qRT-PCR method. Data were analysed using PCR array data analysis software. RESULTS Statistically significant overexpression of RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8 and LRP5 genes was detected in the GC and IM groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant overexpression of RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8 and LRP5 genes was observed in patients with metastatic GC compared to patients with GC without metastasis (p < 0.05). It was found that the RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8 and LRP5 genes were statistically significantly over-expressed in diffuse GC patients compared to non-diffuse GC patients (p < 0.05). Statistically significant overexpression of RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8 and LRP5 genes was detected in HP positive IM patients compared to HP negative IM patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overexpression of RHOA, CSNK1A1, DVL2, FZD8 and LRP5 genes in IM may suggest that these genes are important markers in the development of IM and inflammation with HP. In addition, these genes are linked to tumor burden in the GC group. Consequently, we can conclude that these genes are poor prognosis biomarkers for GC and have the potential to be used as markers for future treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Demirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey.
| | - Seda Orenay-Boyacioglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Elmas Kasap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey
| | - Emre Gerçeker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi Hospital, Izmir Turkey
| | - Fahri Bilgiç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey
| | - Hakan Yüceyar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey
| | - Hatice Yildirim
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey
| | - Ahmed Ramiz Baykan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ender Berat Ellidokuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa Turkey
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10
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Nakamura S, Kitazawa M, Miyagawa Y, Koyama M, Miyazaki S, Hondo N, Muranaka F, Tokumaru S, Yamamoto Y, Ehara T, Matsumura T, Takeoka M, Soejima Y. RhoA G17E/Vav1 Signaling Induces Cancer Invasion via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221146024. [PMID: 36617975 PMCID: PMC9834417 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221146024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAS homolog family member A (RhoA), a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, and Vav1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases, have been reported to activate pathways related to the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of cell shape, attachment, and motility. The interaction between these molecules in lymphoma is involved in malignant signaling, but its function in epithelial malignancy is unknown. Here, we investigated the malignant signal of mutant RhoA in gastric cancer and demonstrated the potential of RhoA G17E/Vav1 as a therapeutic target for diffuse gastric cancer. METHODS The RhoA mutants R5W, G17E, and Y42C were retrovirally transduced into the gastric cancer cell line MKN74. The stably transduced cells were used for morphology, proliferation, and migration/invasion assays in vitro. MKN74 cells stably transduced with ectopic wild-type RhoA and mutant RhoA (G17E) were used in a peritoneal xenograft assay. RESULTS The RhoA mutations G17E and Y42C induced morphological changes in MKN74. G17E induced Vav1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels and promoted the migration and invasion of MKN74. An RNA interference assay of Vav1 revealed that RhoA G17E enhanced cancer cell invasion via Vav1. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation revealed that Vav1 and RhoA G17E specifically bind and function together through matrix metalloproteinase -9. In a peritoneal xenograft model of nude mice, RhoA G17E promoted peritoneal dissemination, whereas Vav1 knockdown suppressed it. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings indicate that RhoA G17E is associated with Vav1 and promoted cancer invasion via matrix metalloproteinase -9 in gastric cancer cells. Thus, RhoA G17E/Vav1 signaling in diffuse gastric cancer may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan,Masato Kitazawa, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1 Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Makoto Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nao Hondo
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Futoshi Muranaka
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tokumaru
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takehito Ehara
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomio Matsumura
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Michiko Takeoka
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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11
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Wang DW, Zhang WH, Danil G, Yang K, Hu JK. The role and mechanism of claudins in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1051497. [PMID: 36620607 PMCID: PMC9818346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a tetraspan membrane protein multigene family that plays a structural and functional role in constructing tight junctions. Claudins perform crucial roles in maintaining cell polarity in epithelial and endothelial cell sheets and controlling paracellular permeability. In the last two decades, increasing evidence indicates that claudin proteins play a major role in controlling paracellular permeability and signaling inside cells. Several types of claudins are dysregulated in various cancers. Depending on where the tumor originated, claudin overexpression or underexpression has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, metabolism, metastasis and cell stemness. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is one of the most important functions of claudin proteins in disease progression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that explain why claudin proteins are so important to tumorigenesis and progression have not been determined. In addition, claudins are currently being investigated as possible diagnostic and treatment targets. Here, we discuss how claudin-related signaling pathways affect tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and treatment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Wang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Galiullin Danil
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Kun Yang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jian-Kun Hu,
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12
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Tang J, Zhang X, Chang H, Wang D. Investigating the effect of ARHGEF10L gene on tumor growth in gastric cancer in a nude mouse model using quantitative MRI parameters. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:1926-1930. [PMID: 36647951 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_816_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were initially used in the study of central nervous system diseases and has since been widely used in the diagnosis of breast, liver, rectum, and prostate diseases. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ARHGEF10L gene on tumor growth in gastric cancer in nude mice using quantitative MRI parameters. Subjects and Methods A nude mice model of gastric cancer was established, and the mice were divided into a control group and an shARHGEF10L group (N = 10). T2-fs and intravoxel incoherent motions (IVIM) imaging were performed in the mice coil with a 3.0 T MR system. The differences in quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], D, D *, f values) were compared between both groups, and the effect of ARHGEF10L expression on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice was investigated. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 software package. Results The ADC and D values of tumor imaging in the shARHGEF10L group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the D* or F values between both groups. Conclusions The ADC and D values of the quantitative IVIM imaging parameters can be used to effectively assess the growth of gastric cancer in nude mice, suggesting that ARHGEF10L may promote the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key of Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuping Zhang
- Department of Medicine Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key of Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key of Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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13
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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14
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ARHGAP-RhoA signaling provokes homotypic adhesion-triggered cell death of metastasized diffuse-type gastric cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4779-4794. [PMID: 36127398 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alteration of Rho GTPase-activating proteins (ARHGAP) and GTPase RhoA is a hallmark of diffuse-type gastric cancer and elucidating its biological significance is critical to comprehensively understanding this malignancy. Here, we report that gene fusions of ARHGAP6/ARHGAP26 are frequent genetic events in peritoneally-metastasized gastric and pancreatic cancer. From the malignant ascites of patients, we established gastric cancer cell lines that spontaneously gain hotspot RHOA mutations or four different ARHGAP6/ARHGAP26 fusions. These alterations critically downregulate RhoA-ROCK-MLC2 signaling, which elicits cell death. Omics and functional analyses revealed that the downstream signaling initiates actin stress fibers and reinforces intercellular junctions via several types of catenin. E-cadherin-centered homotypic adhesion followed by lysosomal membrane permeabilization is a pivotal mechanism in cell death. These findings support the tumor-suppressive nature of ARHGAP-RhoA signaling and might indicate a new avenue of drug discovery against this refractory cancer.
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15
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Cao W, Xing H, Li Y, Tian W, Song Y, Jiang Z, Yu J. Claudin18.2 is a novel molecular biomarker for tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:38. [PMID: 35642043 PMCID: PMC9153115 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) protein, an isoform of claudin18, a member of the tight junction protein family, is a highly selective biomarker with limited expression in normal tissues and often abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction (GC/GEJ) cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, bronchial cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. CLDN18.2 participates in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified CLDN18.2 expression as a potential specific marker for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. With its specific expression pattern, CLDN18.2 has become a unique molecule for targeted therapy in different cancers, especially in GC; for example, agents such as zolbetuximab (claudiximab, IMAB362), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CLDN18.2, have been developed. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting CLDN18.2, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells redirected to target CLDN18.2, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenliang Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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16
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Ooki A, Yamaguchi K. The dawn of precision medicine in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221083049. [PMID: 35281349 PMCID: PMC8908406 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221083049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The histology- and morphology-based Lauren classification of GC has been widely used for over 50 years in clinical practice. The Lauren classification divides GC into intestinal and diffuse types, which have distinct etiology, molecular profiles, and clinicopathological features. Diffuse-type GC (DGC) accounts for approximately 30% of GCs. Tumor cells lack adhesion and infiltrate the stroma as single cells or small subgroups, leading to easy dissemination in the abdominal cavity. Clinically, DGC has aggressive traits with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, which results in unfavorable prognosis. Although systemic chemotherapy is the main therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic GC patients, clinical benefits are limited for patients with DGC. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective therapeutic strategies for DGC patients. Considerable research studies have characterized the molecular and genomic landscape of DGC, of which tight junction protein claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) and fibroblast growing factors receptor-2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2-IIIb) are the most attractive targets because of their close association with DGC. Recently, the impressive results of two phase II FAST and FIGHT trials demonstrate proof-of-concept, suggesting that anti-CLDN18.2 antibody (zolbetuximab) and FGFR2-IIIb antibody (bemarituzumab) are promising approaches for patients with CLDN18.2-positive and FGFR2-IIIb-positive GC, respectively. In this review, we summarize the clinicopathological features and molecular profiles of DGC and highlight a potential therapeutic target based on the findings of pivotal clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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RhoA, Claudin 18, and c-MET in Gastric Cancer: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Significance in Curative Resected Patients. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 10:medsci10010004. [PMID: 35076580 PMCID: PMC8788521 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, markers related to molecular classification were suggested as promising therapeutic targets for treatment and prediction of prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), including c-MET, RhoA, and Claudin-18 (CLDN18). This study aimed to investigate their expression in GC and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. c-MET, RhoA, and CLDN18 were analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and groups for analysis were determined according to the median values obtained for each marker. Results: Among the 349 GC evaluated, 180 (51.6%), 59 (16.9%), and 61 (17.5%) patients were completely negative for c-MET, RhoA, and CLDN18, respectively. Total gastrectomy, D1 lymphadenectomy, poorly differentiated histology, and greater inflammatory infiltrate were more frequent in the c-MET-negative group. Diffuse type, greater inflammatory infiltrate, and advanced pT and pTNM stage were associated with low-RhoA GC. The venous invasion was more frequent in the low-CLDN18 group. Furthermore, c-MET was positively correlated with RhoA and negatively with CLDN18. HER2 expression was associated with c-MET-positive and high-CLDN18 GC; and loss of E-cadherin expression in c-MET-negative and low-RhoA GC. c-MET-negative and Low-RhoA were significantly associated with worse disease-free survival. Conclusions: c-MET, RhoA, and CLD18 expression occurred frequently in GC. RhoA GC had distinct clinicopathological characteristics related to prognosis. c-MET and RhoA were associated with survival but were not independent predictors of prognosis.
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18
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Ooki A, Yamaguchi K. The beginning of the era of precision medicine for gastric cancer with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 aberration. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1169-1183. [PMID: 34398359 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC), prognostic outcomes remain poor. Considerable research effort has been invested in characterizing the genomic landscape of GC and identifying potential therapeutic targets. FGFR2 is one of the most attractive targets because aberrations in this gene are frequently associated with GC, particularly the diffuse type in Lauren's classification, which confers an unfavorable prognosis. Based on the preclinical data, the FGFR2 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and progression of GC, and several FGFR inhibitors have been clinically assessed. However, the lack of robust treatment efficacy has hampered precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Recently, the clinical benefits of the FGFR2-IIIb-selective monoclonal antibody bemarituzumab for FGFR2b-positive GC patients were shown in a randomized phase II FIGHT trial of bemarituzumab combined with the first-line chemotherapy. This trial demonstrates proof of concept, suggesting that FGFR2 is a relevant therapeutic target for patients with FGFR2b-positive GC and that bemarituzumab brings new hope for diffuse-type GC patients. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic roles of FGFR2 signaling and highlight the most recent advances in FGFR inhibitors based on the findings of pivotal clinical trials for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Thus, the era of precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC will be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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19
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Ikari N, Serizawa A, Tanji E, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. Analysis of RHOA mutations and their significance in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:735. [PMID: 34466148 PMCID: PMC8387854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ras homolog family member A (RHOA) gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and is known to function in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is associated with regulation of cell shape, attachment and motility. RHOA has been found to be recurrently mutated in gastrointestinal cancer; however, the functional significance of the mutated RHOA protein in digestive tract cancers remains to be uncovered. The aim of the present study was to understand the role of mutant RHOA in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Mutations of RHOA in one esophageal cancer cell line, OE19, eight gastric cancer cell lines, namely, AGS, GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1, MKN45, SNU16 and SNU719, as well as two colon cancer cell lines, CCK-81 and SW948, were determined using Sanger sequencing. The results uncovered several mutations, including p.Arg5Gln and p.Tyr42Cys in CCK-81, p.Arg5Trp and p.Phe39Leu in SNU16, p.Gly17Glu in SW948, p.Tyr42Ser in OE19, p.Ala61Val in SNU719, p.Glu64del in AGS. Wild-type RHOA was identified in GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1 and MKN45. Knockdown of RHOA using small interfering RNA attenuated the in vitro proliferation in the three-dimensional culture systems of GCIY, MKN1, OE19 and SW948, whereas no apparent changes were seen in CCK-81, HGC-27 and SNU719. Transcriptome analysis revealed that downregulation of the long non-coding RNA (lnc)-DERA-1 was observed in all tested cell lines following RHOA knockdown in the RHOA-mutated cell lines. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the genes associated with small molecule metabolic process, oxidation-reduction processes, protein kinase activity, transport, and cell junction were commonly downregulated in cells whose proliferation was attenuated by the knockdown of RHOA. These results suggested that certain RHOA mutations may result in upregulation of lnc-DERA-1 and genes associated with cellular metabolism and proliferation in digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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20
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Letter to editor: development and internal validation of a diagnostic score for gastric linitis plastic. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1167-1168. [PMID: 33861360 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Lifestyles, genetics, and future perspectives on gastric cancer in east Asian populations. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:887-899. [PMID: 34267306 PMCID: PMC8384627 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric cancer (GC) differs among regions worldwide, with the highest occurrence in east Asia. Thus, its etiology, with respect to ethnic background, environmental factors, and lifestyles, is also thought to differ essentially. In addition, etiology of GC is speculated to be changing due to the recent decrease in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Japan. State-of-the-art somatic/germline cancer genomics has clarified the etiologies of gastric carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize past and present milestones in our understanding of GC achieved through genomic approaches, including a recent report that revealed higher-than-expected frequencies of GCs attributed to east Asian-specific germline variants in ALDH2 or CDH1 in combination with lifestyles. Based on this updated knowledge, we also discuss the possible impact of and high-risk approaches for GCs in the upcoming "H. pylori-negative era."
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22
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Huang W, Zhao S, Zhang C, Li Z, Ge S, Lian B, Feng H, Wang K, Xu R, Ji J, Gao J, Shi W, Shen L. Identification of "regulation of RhoA activity panel" as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:714-734. [PMID: 33288739 PMCID: PMC7835016 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RhoA is a member of the RHO family GTPases and is associated with essential functions in gastric cancer. In this study, we identified a gastric cancer biomarker, termed the “regulation of RhoA activity panel” (RRAP). Patients with gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were divided into training (N=160) and validation (N=155) cohorts. A cohort of 109 Chinese gastric cancer patients was utilized as an independent validation. Patients with mutated RRAP showed significantly better overall survival than patients with wild type RRAP. We also analyzed the association between RRAP and the migration capacity, immune-related signatures, and the tumor microenvironment. RRAP-mutant tumors had a significantly lower degree of lymph node metastasis and lower activities of migration-related pathways. These tumors also showed significantly increased immune cell infiltration and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, two independent patient cohorts who received immune checkpoint blockade therapy were assessed for RRAP mutant status. As expected, for both immunotherapy cohorts, higher response rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapy were observed in patients with RRAP-mutant tumors than in patients with wild type RRAP tumors. Overall, this study indicates that the RRAP gene set is a potential biomarker for gastric cancer prognosis and therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | | | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Sai Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | | | - Hui Feng
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Ruihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201112, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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23
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Non-coding RNAs underlying chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:961-988. [PMID: 32495294 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health issue in the Western world. Current clinical imperatives for this disease include the identification of more effective biomarkers to detect GC at early stages and enhance the prevention and treatment of metastatic and chemoresistant GC. The advent of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GC cells acquire features of therapy resistance. ncRNAs play critical roles in normal physiology, but their dysregulation has been detected in a variety of cancers, including GC. A subset of ncRNAs is GC-specific, implying their potential application as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Hence, evaluating the specific functions of ncRNAs will help to expand novel treatment options for GC. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize some of the well-known ncRNAs that play a role in the development and progression of GC. We also review the application of such ncRNAs in clinical diagnostics and trials as potential biomarkers. Obviously, a deeper understanding of the biology and function of ncRNAs underlying chemoresistance can broaden horizons toward the development of personalized therapy against GC.
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24
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Fujita Y, Uesugi N, Sugimoto R, Eizuka M, Toya Y, Akasaka R, Matsumoto T, Sugai T. Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular features of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:111. [PMID: 32943104 PMCID: PMC7500034 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crawling-type adenocarcinoma (CRA) is an important gastric cancer (GC) subtype that exhibits a specific histological pattern and has characteristic clinicopathological findings. Despite its characteristic histology, little is known about the molecular characteristics of CRA. METHODS We examined 177 GC cases, including 51 cases of CRA and 126 cases having conventional differentiated adenocarcinomas (CDAs). Results for immunohistochemistry (mucin phenotype; Muc5AC, Muc6, Muc2 and CD10, CDX-2, MLH-1, p53 and β-catenin), mutation analysis (TP53, KRAS and BRAF), microsatellite instability (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250), DNA methylation status by a two-panel method (RUNX3, MINT31, LOX, NEUROG1, ELMO1 and THBD), MLH-1 promoter methylation, and allelic imbalance (AI; 1p, 3p, 4p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 13q, TP53, 18q and 22q) were examined. RESULTS CRAs were more likely to occur in the middle third of the stomach, in younger patients and to be macroscopically depressed. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and loss of MLH-1 expression were less frequent among CRA cases compared to CDA cases. At a molecular level, CRA is often characterized by the deletion mutation c.529_546 (18-base pair deletion at codon 177-182 in exon 5) in the TP53 gene (10 cases). Although the low methylation epigenotype was significantly more frequent for CRAs compared to CDAs, multiple AIs were more often seen in CRAs relative to CDAs. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that TP53 mutations, particularly c.529_546del, and multiple AIs are closely associated with CRA carcinogenesis. Our results suggest that CRA is an independent entity of GC in terms of clinicopathologic and molecular findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Fujita
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Makoto Eizuka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Risaburo Akasaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan.
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25
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Predicting Peritoneal Dissemination of Gastric Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine: Molecular Characterization and Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082236. [PMID: 32785164 PMCID: PMC7547377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of worldwide cancer-related death. Being a highly heterogeneous disease, the current treatment of GC has been suboptimal due to the lack of subtype-dependent therapies. Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is a common pattern of GC metastasis associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to identify patients at high risk of PD. PD is found to be associated with Lauren diffuse type GC. Molecular profiling of GC, especially diffuse type GC, has been utilized to identify molecular alterations and has given rise to various molecular classifications, shedding light on the underlying mechanism of PD and enabling identification of patients at higher PD risk. In addition, a series of diagnositc and prognostic biomarkers of PD from serum, peritoneal lavages and primary GCs have been reported. This comprehensive review summarizes findings on the multi-omic characteristics of diffuse type GC, the clinical significance of updating molecular classifications of GC in association with PD risk and research advances in PD-associated biomarkers.
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26
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Hirotsu Y, Hada M, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Multi-regional sequencing reveals clonal and polyclonal seeding from primary tumor to metastases in advanced gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:553-564. [PMID: 31912238 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs are associated with worse prognosis in gastric cancer. However, little is known about the genetic profiles, subclonal architecture, and evolutional processes across primary tumors and metastases. METHODS We analyzed the genetic alterations of 106 multiregional samples including primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and visceral metastases from 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Histologically different portions were obtained by laser-capture microdissection. We reconstructed the subclonal architectures and inferred the primary to lymph or visceral metastatic seeding patterns. RESULTS The different histological portions in primary tumors had common mutations, suggesting common ancestral tumor origins transformed into distinct histological types. In almost all cases, TP53 mutations were identified as clonal mutations across primary tumors and metastases. Subclonal reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis showed primary tumors were classified into monoclonal or polyclonal tumors. All monoclonal primary tumors disseminated as metastases with the same tumor composition (100%, 26/26 samples). In contrast, polyclonal primary tumors mainly spread as metastases by way of polyclonal seeding (84%: 37/44 samples). CONCLUSIONS Clonal mutations were maintained at both the primary and metastatic sites and genetic divergence of these was low. These findings shed light on the genetic basis of primary tumor dissemination and metastatic processes in advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Hada
- Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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27
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Cai H, Hou X, Ding Y, Fu Z, Wang L, Du Y. Prediction of gastric cancer prognosis in the next-generation sequencing era. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900019300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, and is caused by complex interactions of multiple risk factors such as environmental (Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus), hereditary (genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications), as well as dietary and lifestyle factors. GC is usually detected at an advanced stage, with a dismal prognosis. Even for patients with similar clinical or pathologic stage receiving similar treatment, the outcomes are still uneven and unpredictable. To better incorporate genetic and epigenetic profiles into GC prognostic predication, gene expression signatures have been developed to predict GC outcomes. More recently, the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and analysis has provided the basis for accurate molecular classification of GC tumors. Here, we summarized and updated the literature related to NGS studies of GC, including whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and targeted sequencing, and discussed current progresses. NGS has facilitated the identification of genetic/epigenetic targets for screening as well as development of targeted agent therapy, thus enabling individualized patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- PLA Marine Corps Hospital, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521000, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxing Fu
- Ningguo Bio-Leader Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive, Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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28
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Shenoy S. CDH1 (E-Cadherin) Mutation and Gastric Cancer: Genetics, Molecular Mechanisms and Guidelines for Management. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10477-10486. [PMID: 31853199 PMCID: PMC6916690 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germline mutation in CDH1 (E-cadherin) tumor suppressor gene is associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and lobular breast cancers (LBC). E-Cadherin protein is necessary for physiological signaling pathways, such as cell proliferation, maintenance of cell adhesion, cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dysregulation leads to tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and metastases. We review current perspectives in CDH1 genetics with molecular mechanisms and also discuss management strategies for this aggressive form of gastric cancer. Methods Relevant articles from PubMed/Medline and Embase (1994–2019) were searched and collected using the phrases “Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Familial gastric cancer, CDH1 mutation, E-Cadherin, Lobular breast cancer, Prophylactic total gastrectomy”. Results Current guidelines suggest maintaining a high degree of suspicion of hereditary etiology and recommend testing for CDH1 mutations in patients with familial clustering of HDGC and LBC, especially onset at an early age (before 40 years). In families lacking CDH1 mutations but with high suspicion for hereditary predisposition, testing of CTNNA1 and other closely related HDGC susceptibility genes could be considered. Prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended for individuals with identified pathogenic germline variants. Endoscopic surveillance with biopsies is recommended for those choosing to delay prophylactic gastrectomy. Conclusion Mutation or transcriptional silencing of the CDH1 gene is associated with familial diffuse gastric cancer. Further studies on the expression and the alteration in the proteins in the E-cadherin pathways may serve as biomarkers for early detection; stratify risk and selection of appropriate therapy in these families. Until then prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended for individuals with CDH1 mutations and family history of diffuse gastric cancer. Endoscopic surveillance and biopsies by experienced gastroenterologists is recommended for those choosing not to have prophylactic gastrectomy and in individuals with CDH1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shenoy
- Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA and Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, HMS High-Impact Cancer Research (HI-CR) Program, Harvard Medical School 2018-2019, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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A Deep Learning Model for Cell Growth Inhibition IC50 Prediction and Its Application for Gastric Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246276. [PMID: 31842404 PMCID: PMC6941066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in intratumoral cancers leads to discrepancies in drug responsiveness, due to diverse genomics profiles. Thus, prediction of drug responsiveness is critical in precision medicine. So far, in drug responsiveness prediction, drugs’ molecular “fingerprints”, along with mutation statuses, have not been considered. Here, we constructed a 1-dimensional convolution neural network model, DeepIC50, to predict three drug responsiveness classes, based on 27,756 features including mutation statuses and various drug molecular fingerprints. As a result, DeepIC50 showed better cell viability IC50 prediction accuracy in pan-cancer cell lines over two independent cancer cell line datasets. Gastric cancer (GC) is not only one of the lethal cancer types in East Asia, but also a heterogeneous cancer type. Currently approved targeted therapies in GC are only trastuzumab and ramucirumab. Responsive GC patients for the drugs are limited, and more drugs should be developed in GC. Due to the importance of GC, we applied DeepIC50 to a real GC patient dataset. Drug responsiveness prediction in the patient dataset by DeepIC50, when compared to the other models, were comparable to responsiveness observed in GC cell lines. DeepIC50 could possibly accurately predict drug responsiveness, to new compounds, in diverse cancer cell lines, in the drug discovery process.
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30
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Lee PH, Weng SW, Liu TT, You HL, Liao CK, Wang MC, Huang WT. RHOA G17V mutation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: A potential biomarker for cytological assessment. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Nishizawa T, Nakano K, Fujii E, Komura D, Kuroiwa Y, Ishimaru C, Monnai M, Aburatani H, Ishikawa S, Suzuki M. In vivo effects of mutant RHOA on tumor formation in an orthotopic inoculation model. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1745-1754. [PMID: 31485674 PMCID: PMC6775816 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) mutations are driver genes in diffuse‑type gastric cancers (DGCs), and we previously revealed that RHOA mutations contribute to cancer cell survival and cell migration through their dominant negative effect on Rho‑associated kinase (ROCK) signaling in vitro. However, how RHOA mutations contribute to DGC development in vivo is poorly understood. In the present study, the contribution of RHOA mutations to tumor morphology was investigated using an orthotopic xenograft model using the gastric cancer cell line MKN74, in which wild‑type (WT) or mutated (Y42C and Y42S) RHOA had been introduced. When we conducted RNA sequencing to distinguish between the genes expressed in human tumor tissues from those in mouse stroma, the expression profiles of the tumors were clearly divided into a Y42C/Y42S group and a mock/WT group. Through gene set enrichment analysis, it was revealed that inflammation‑ and hypoxia‑related pathways were enriched in the mock/WT tumors; however, cell metabolism‑ and cell cycle‑related pathways such as Myc, E2F, oxidative phosphorylation and G2M checkpoint were enriched in the Y42C/Y42S tumors. In addition, the gene set related to ROCK signaling inhibition was enriched in the RHOA‑mutated group, which indicated that a series of events are related to ROCK inhibition induced by RHOA mutations. Histopathological analysis revealed that small tumor nests were more frequent in RHOA mutants than in the mock or WT group. In addition, increased blood vessel formation and infiltration of macrophages within the tumor mass were observed in the RHOA mutants. Furthermore, unlike mock/WT, the RHOA‑mutated tumor cells had little antitumor host reaction in the invasive front, which is similar to the pattern of mucosal invasion in clinical RHOA‑mutated DGC. These transcriptome and pathological analyses revealed that mutated RHOA functionally contributes to the acquisition of DGC features, which will accelerate our understanding of the contribution of RHOA mutations in DGC biology and the development of further therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishizawa
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8510, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kuroiwa
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Chisako Ishimaru
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Monnai
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8510, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
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32
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Nanki K, Toshimitsu K, Takano A, Fujii M, Shimokawa M, Ohta Y, Matano M, Seino T, Nishikori S, Ishikawa K, Kawasaki K, Togasaki K, Takahashi S, Sukawa Y, Ishida H, Sugimoto S, Kawakubo H, Kim J, Kitagawa Y, Sekine S, Koo BK, Kanai T, Sato T. Divergent Routes toward Wnt and R-spondin Niche Independency during Human Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cell 2019; 174:856-869.e17. [PMID: 30096312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent sequencing analyses have shed light on heterogeneous patterns of genomic aberrations in human gastric cancers (GCs). To explore how individual genetic events translate into cancer phenotypes, we established a biological library consisting of genetically engineered gastric organoids carrying various GC mutations and 37 patient-derived organoid lines, including rare genomically stable GCs. Phenotype analyses of GC organoids revealed divergent genetic and epigenetic routes to gain Wnt and R-spondin niche independency. An unbiased phenotype-based genetic screening identified a significant association between CDH1/TP53 compound mutations and the R-spondin independency that was functionally validated by CRISPR-based knockout. Xenografting of GC organoids further established the feasibility of Wnt-targeting therapy for Wnt-dependent GCs. Our results collectively demonstrate that multifaceted genetic abnormalities render human GCs independent of the stem cell niche and highlight the validity of the genotype-phenotype screening strategy in gaining deeper understanding of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Nanki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kohta Toshimitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Seino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishikori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Fujii Memorial Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Shiga 520-0106, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Togasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sirirat Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Nam S, Kim JH, Lee DH. RHOA in Gastric Cancer: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Front Genet 2019; 10:438. [PMID: 31156701 PMCID: PMC6529512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known signal mediator and small GTPase family member, RHOA, has now been associated with the progression of specific malignancies. In this review, we appraise the biomedical literature regarding the role of this enzyme in gastric cancer (GC) signaling, suggesting potential clinical significance. To that end, we examined RHOA activity, with regard to second-generation hallmarks of cancer, finding particular association with the hallmark "activation of invasion and metastasis." Moreover, an abundance of studies show RHOA association with Lauren classification diffuse subtype, in addition to poorly differentiated GC. With regard to therapeutic value, we found RHOA signaling to influence the activity of specific widely used chemotherapeutics, and its possible antagonism by various dietary constituents. We also review currently available targeted therapies for GC. The latter, however, showed a paucity of such agents, underscoring the urgent need for further investigation into treatments for this highly lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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RHOA mutations and CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions in intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with anastomosing glands of the stomach. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:568-575. [PMID: 30425335 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A subtype of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the stomach, characterized by low-grade cytological atypia and anastomosing glands, has been described in several reports under different names. One of the remarkable features of these lesions, herein referred to as intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with anastomosing glands, is the frequent association of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma components. Here we analyzed 44 intestinal-type adenocarcinomas with anastomosing glands focusing on the molecular abnormalities that are common in diffuse-type gastric cancers. Next-generation sequencing identified RHOA and CDH1 mutations in 22 (50%) and one lesion (2%), respectively. Reverse transcription-PCR detected CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions in three lesions (7%). Immunohistochemically, none of the lesions showed abnormal p53 expression patterns whereas focal and diffuse loss of ARID1A was observed in four and one lesion, respectively. Examination of 37 lesions of dysplasia and 26 usual-type intramucosal adenocarcinomas identified one RHOA mutation in adenocarcinoma and no CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions, indicating that these genetic alterations are highly specific to intestinal-type adenocarcinomas with anastomosing glands among differentiated-type intramucosal neoplasms. The present study showed that intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with anastomosing glands represents a genetically distinct group of tumors with the frequent presence of RHOA mutations and CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions, which are thought to be specific to diffuse-type gastric cancers.
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Tsuruta S, Ohishi Y, Fujiwara M, Ihara E, Ogawa Y, Oki E, Nakamura M, Oda Y. Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinomas are a genetically heterogenous group; most tumors show chromosomal instability, but MSI tumors do exist. Hum Pathol 2019; 88:27-38. [PMID: 30946937 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network classified gastric adenocarcinoma into four molecular subtypes: (1) Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV), (2) microsatellite-instable (MSI), (3) chromosomal instable (CIN), and (4) genomically stable (GS). The molecular subtypes of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinomas are still largely unknown. We analyzed 52 hepatoid adenocarcinomas for the expression of surrogate markers of molecular subtypes (MLH1, p53, and EBER in situ hybridization) and some biomarkers (p21, p16, Rb, cyclin D1, cyclin E, β-catenin, Bcl-2, IMP3, ARID1A and HER2), and mutations of TP53, CTNNB1, KRAS, and BRAF. We analyzed 36 solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas as a control group. Hepatoid adenocarcinomas were categorized as follows: EBV group (EBER-positive), no cases (0%); MSI group (MLH1 loss), three cases (6%); "CIN or GS" (CIN/GS) group (EBER-negative, MLH1 retained), 49 cases (94%). In the CIN/GS group, most of the tumors (59%) had either p53 overexpression or TP53 mutation and a coexisting tubular intestinal-type adenocarcinoma component (90%), suggesting that most hepatoid adenocarcinomas should be categorized as a true CIN group. Hepatoid adenocarcinomas showed relatively frequent expressions of HER2 (score 3+/2+: 21%/19%). Hepatoid adenocarcinomas showed shorter survival, more frequent overexpressions of p16 (67%) and IMP3 (98%) than the control group. None of hepatoid adenocarcinomas had KRAS or CTNNB1 mutations except for one case each, and no hepatoid adenocarcinomas had BRAF mutation. In conclusion, gastric hepatoid adenocarcinomas are a genetically heterogenous group. Most hepatoid adenocarcinomas are "CIN," but a small number of hepatoid adenocarcinomas with MSI do exist. Hepatoid adenocarcinomas are characterized by overexpressions of p16 and IMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Tsuruta
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohishi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Minako Fujiwara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eikichi Ihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Ansari S, Gantuya B, Tuan VP, Yamaoka Y. Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Analogous Contributing Factors for Its Molecular Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082424. [PMID: 30115886 PMCID: PMC6121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the geographical region and gastric cancer ranks first in East Asian countries. Although genetic factors, gastric environment, and Helicobacter pylori infection have been associated with the pathogenicity and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer that follows the Correa’s cascade, the pathogenicity of diffuse-type gastric cancer remains mostly unknown and undefined. However, genetic abnormalities in the cell adherence factors, such as E-cadherin and cellular activities that cause impaired cell integrity and physiology, have been documented as contributing factors. In recent years, H. pylori infection has been also associated with the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Therefore, in this report, we discuss the host factors as well as the bacterial factors that have been reported as associated factors contributing to the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Boldbaatar Gantuya
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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37
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Kaida T, Nitta H, Kitano Y, Yamamura K, Arima K, Izumi D, Higashi T, Kurashige J, Imai K, Hayashi H, Iwatsuki M, Ishimoto T, Hashimoto D, Yamashita Y, Chikamoto A, Imanura T, Ishiko T, Beppu T, Baba H. C5a receptor (CD88) promotes motility and invasiveness of gastric cancer by activating RhoA. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84798-84809. [PMID: 27756879 PMCID: PMC5356699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaphylatoxin C5a is a strong chemoattractant of the complement system that binds the C5a receptor (C5aR). The expression of C5aR is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, the role of C5aR in gastric cancer (GC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the role of C5aR on GC cell motility and invasion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The mechanism of invasion via C5aR was assessed by analyzing cytoskeletal rearrangement and RhoA activity after C5a treatment. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between C5aR expression and the prognosis of GC patients. RESULTS Two human GC cell lines (MKN1 and MKN7) had high C5aR expression. An invasion assay revealed that C5a stimulation promoted the invasive ability of MKN1 and MKN7 cells and that this was suppressed by knockdown of C5aR using siRNA or a C5aR-antagonist. Moreover, overexpression of C5aR in GC cells enhanced the conversion of RhoA-guanosine diphosphate (RhoA-GDP) to RhoA-guanosine triphosphate (RhoA-GTP) after C5a stimulation and caused morphological changes, including increased expression of stress fibers and filopodia. Examination of tumor specimens from 100 patients with GC revealed that high C5aR expression (35 of 100 samples, 35.0%) was associated with increased invasion depth, vascular invasion and advanced stage. The 5-year overall survival of patients with high or low C5aR expression was 58.2% and 68.5%, respectively (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that C5aR promotes GC cell invasion by activating RhoA and is associated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. Therefore, this study provides a biomarker for GC patients who require an advanced therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Kaida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Imanura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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38
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Ikari N, Aoyama S, Seshimo A, Suehiro Y, Motohashi T, Mitani S, Yoshina S, Tanji E, Serizawa A, Yamada T, Taniguchi K, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. Somatic mutations and increased lymphangiogenesis observed in a rare case of intramucosal gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10808-10817. [PMID: 29535844 PMCID: PMC5828222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intramucosal gastric adenocarcinoma of the well-moderately differentiated type only exhibits lymph node metastasis in extremely rare cases. We encountered such case and investigated both the lymphangiogenic properties and somatic mutations in the cancer to understand the prometastatic features of early-stage gastric cancer. METHODS We quantitatively measured the density of lymphatic vessels and identified mutations in 412 cancer-associated genes through next-generation target resequencing of DNA extracted from tumor cells in a formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Functional consequence of the identified mutation was examined in vitro by means of gene transfection, immunoblot, and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS The intramucosal carcinoma was accompanied by abundant lymphatic vessels. The metastatic tumor harbored somatic mutations in NBN, p.P6S, and PAX8, p.R49H. The PAX8R49H showed significantly higher transactivation activity toward E2F1 than the wild-type PAX8 (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that increased lymphangiogenesis and somatic mutations of NBN and/or PAX8 could facilitate lymph node metastasis from an intramucosal gastric carcinoma. These findings may potentially inform evaluations of the risk of developing lymph node metastasis in patients with intramucosal gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Seshimo
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Suehiro
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Histopathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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39
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Kwon CH, Kim YK, Lee S, Kim A, Park HJ, Choi Y, Won YJ, Park DY, Lauwers GY. Gastric poorly cohesive carcinoma: a correlative study of mutational signatures and prognostic significance based on histopathological subtypes. Histopathology 2017; 72:556-568. [PMID: 28873240 DOI: 10.1111/his.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Genome-wide next-generation sequencing has revealed several driver mutations and has allowed the establishment of a molecular taxonomy of gastric cancer. However, there are few detailed studies on the mutational spectrum of poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma. Thus, this study aim to investigate its mutation profile based on clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we analysed the mutational pattern of 77 genes in a cohort of 91 patients with poorly cohesive carcinoma by using targeted sequencing, and evaluated the clinicopathological significance of the various mutations based on histological pattern, either signet ring cell (SRC) or other types of poorly cohesive carcinoma (not otherwise specified) (PCC-NOS). Panels of seven (PIK3CA, CDH1, PTEN, RHOA, HDCA9, KRAS, and ATM), three (PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and KRAS) and two (HDCA9 and IGF1R) genes were associated with a diffuse infiltrative growth pattern, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion, respectively. Furthermore, PDGFRB mutations were associated with a favourable prognosis, whereas MET mutations were associated with a poor prognosis. The PCC-NOS-predominant type was associated with a greater depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis than the SRC-predominant type. Mutations in TP53, BRAF, PI3CA, SMAD4 and RHOA were associated with PCC-NOS. Interestingly, RHOA-mutated gastric cancers showed a distinct morphology, as they were characterised by a superficial SRC or tubular component and a deep invasive PCC-NOS component with desmoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings demonstrate that gastric poorly cohesive carcinomas show several mutational patterns associated with specific clinicopathological characteristics, and particularly show distinct morphological findings when associated with RHOA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae H Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young K Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye J Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeo J Won
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Do Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33162, USA
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40
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Liang L, Zhang L, Cui D, Yang D. Identification of the key miRNAs associated with survival time in stomach adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4563-4572. [PMID: 29085454 PMCID: PMC5649651 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to identify the microRNAs associated with STAD survival time. The clinical information and microarray miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of STAD patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differential expression (DE) analysis was performed to identify DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs in STAD. The DEmiRNAs associated with the survival time of patients with STAD were identified through DE analysis, negative correlation pair analysis, miRNA target gene prediction, univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The functions of the target genes of the DEmiRNAs were predicted with Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. A total of 355 DEmiRNAs and 1,722 DEmRNAs were identified between STAD and normal tissues. A total of 5 DEmiRNAs were identified to be associated with STAD survival, including 4 risk-associated DEmiRNAs (miR-30a, -143, -145 and -133b) and 1 protective DEmiRNA (miR-135b). The target DEmRNAs were significantly enriched for DNA metabolic process in the biological process GO category, and in KEGG cell cycle signaling pathways. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the overall survival time in the miR-30a, -143, -145 and -133b high expression groups was significantly shorter than that in the low expression groups, whereas the survival time was prolonged in the miR-135b high expression group compared with that in the low expression group. Therefore, miR-30a, -143, -145, -133b and -135b may be involved in the tumorigenesis and development of STAD, and may be potential biomarkers for its early diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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41
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Hinsenkamp I, Schulz S, Roscher M, Suhr AM, Meyer B, Munteanu B, Fuchser J, Schoenberg SO, Ebert MPA, Wängler B, Hopf C, Burgermeister E. Inhibition of Rho-Associated Kinase 1/2 Attenuates Tumor Growth in Murine Gastric Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 18:500-11. [PMID: 27566106 PMCID: PMC5018096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a malignant disease with high mortality. Patients are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages where survival prognosis is poor. Thus, there is high medical need to find novel drug targets and treatment strategies. Recently, the comprehensive molecular characterization of GC subtypes revealed mutations in the small GTPase RHOA as a hallmark of diffuse-type GC. RHOA activates RHO-associated protein kinases (ROCK1/2) which regulate cell contractility, migration and growth and thus may play a role in cancer. However, therapeutic benefit of RHO-pathway inhibition in GC has not been shown so far. The ROCK1/2 inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-homopiperazine (HA-1077, fasudil) is approved for cerebrovascular bleeding in patients. We therefore investigated whether fasudil (i.p., 10 mg/kg per day, 4 times per week, 4 weeks) inhibits tumor growth in a preclinical model of GC. Fasudil evoked cell death in human GC cells and reduced the tumor size in the stomach of CEA424-SV40 TAg transgenic mice. Small animal PET/CT confirmed preclinical efficacy. Mass spectrometry imaging identified a translatable biomarker for mouse GC and suggested rapid but incomplete in situ distribution of the drug to gastric tumor tissue. RHOA expression was increased in the neoplastic murine stomach compared with normal non-malignant gastric tissue, and fasudil reduced (auto) phosphorylation of ROCK2 at THR249 in vivo and in human GC cells in vitro. In sum, our data suggest that RHO-pathway inhibition may constitute a novel strategy for treatment of GC and that enhanced distribution of future ROCK inhibitors into tumor tissue may further improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hinsenkamp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulz
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne-Maria Suhr
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Meyer
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Dept. of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS) and Institute of Medical Technology of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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42
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Ge S, Li B, Li Y, Li Z, Liu Z, Chen Z, Wu J, Gao J, Shen L. Genomic alterations in advanced gastric cancer endoscopic biopsy samples using targeted next-generation sequencing. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1540-1553. [PMID: 28744403 PMCID: PMC5523034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains the second tumor caused death threat worldwide, and personalized medicine for GC is far from expectation. Finding novel, recurrently mutated genes through next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful and productive approach. However, previous genomic data for GC are based on surgical resected samples while a large proportion of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients have already missed the chance for operation. The aim of this study is to assess frequent genomic alteration in AGC via biopsy samples. Here we performed targeted genomic sequencing of 78 AGC patients' tumor biopsies along with matched lymphocyte samples based on a 118 cancer related gene panel. In total, we observed 301 somatic nonsynonymous genomic alterations in 92 different genes, as well as 37 copy number gain events among 15 different genes (fold change 2-12), and validated the fold changes of ERBB2 copy number gains with IHC and FISH test showed an accuracy of 81.8%. Previously reported driver genes for gastric cancer (TP53, KMT2D, KMT2B, EGFR, PIK3CA, GNAQ, and ARID1A), and several unreported mutations (TGFBR2, RNF213, NF1, NSD1, and LRP2) showed high non-silent mutation prevalence (7.7%-34.6%). When comparing intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) with diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC), TP53 and GNAQ appear to be more frequently mutated in IGC (P=0.028 and P=0.023, respectively), whereas LRP2, BRCA2 and FGFR3 mutations are not observed in IGC, but have 12.8%, 7.7% and 7.7% mutation rates, respectively, in DGC patients. Patients with one or more mutations in adherens junction pathway (CREBBP, EP300, CDH1, CTNNB1, EGFR, MET, TGFBR2 and ERBB2) or TGF-β signaling pathway (CREBBP, EP300, MYST4, KRAS and TGFBR2) showed significantly better overall survival (P=0.007 and P=0.014, respectively), consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort data. Importantly, 57 (73.1%) patients harbored at least one genomic alteration with potential treatments, making NGS-based drug target screening a viable option for AGC patients. Our study established a comprehensive genomic portrait of AGC, and identified several mutation signatures highly associated with clinical features, survival outcomes, which may be used to design future personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Beifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Jian Wu
- My Genostics Inc801 West Baltimore Street, Suite 502L, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142, China
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Ikari N, Taniguchi K, Serizawa A, Yamada T, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. A primary tumor of mixed histological type is a novel poor prognostic factor for patients undergoing resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:281-288. [PMID: 28273395 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection can be an option for the treatment of metastatic liver tumors originating from gastric cancer; however, its prognostic impact is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in patients with surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 38 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for metastatic tumors from gastric cancer in our institution between 1990 and 2014. RESULTS The median overall survival of the patients was 28 months. The 5-year survival rate was 33.9%. Primary tumors of a mixed histological type, and residual tumors during the course of treatment were identified as significant independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Histological evaluation of primary tumors may aid to identify patients suitable for undergoing surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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44
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Peterson LE, Kovyrshina T. Progression inference for somatic mutations in cancer. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00277. [PMID: 28492066 PMCID: PMC5415494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational methods were employed to determine progression inference of genomic alterations in commonly occurring cancers. Using cross-sectional TCGA data, we computed evolutionary trajectories involving selectivity relationships among pairs of gene-specific genomic alterations such as somatic mutations, deletions, amplifications, downregulation, and upregulation among the top 20 driver genes associated with each cancer. Results indicate that the majority of hierarchies involved TP53, PIK3CA, ERBB2, APC, KRAS, EGFR, IDH1, VHL, etc. Research into the order and accumulation of genomic alterations among cancer driver genes will ever-increase as the costs of nextgen sequencing subside, and personalized/precision medicine incorporates whole-genome scans into the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif E. Peterson
- Center for Biostatistics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dept. of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas – Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tatiana Kovyrshina
- Center for Biostatistics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Houston – Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
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45
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Yoon JH, Choi WS, Kim O, Choi BJ, Nam SW, Lee JY, Park WS. Gastrokine 1 inhibits gastric cancer cell migration and invasion by downregulating RhoA expression. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:274-285. [PMID: 27250838 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether GKN1, a gastric tumor suppressor, contributes to the progression of gastric cancer by regulating RhoA expression. METHODS We analyzed the expression of GKN1, RhoA, miR-185, and miR-34a in 35 gastric cancer tissues, and compared their expression with T category and TNM stage. Cell migration and invasion, as well as the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, were assessed in GKN1- and RhoA small interfering RNA (siRhoA)-transfected and recombinant-GKN1-treated AGS and MKN1 gastric cancer cells. RESULTS Expression of RhoA protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased in 15 (42.9 %) and 17 (48.6 %) of 35 gastric cancer tissues respectively, and was associated with higher T category and TNM stage. GKN1 expression was significantly decreased in 27 gastric cancers (77.1 %) with a higher T category, and was inversely correlated with RhoA mRNA expression. In AGS and MKN1 cells, GKN1 expression increased miR-185 and miR-34a expression and reduced RhoA mRNA and protein expression. A positive relationship between GKN1 and miR-34a and miR-185 expression and an inverse relationship between miR-34a and RhoA expression were observed in gastric cancer tissues. Cell migration and invasiveness were markedly decreased in GKN1- and siRhoA-transfected cells. GKN1 expression and silencing of RhoA decreased the expression of the proteins Snail, Slug, and vimentin. Furthermore, miR-185 and miR-34a silencing in MKN1 cells transfected with GKN1 stimulated cell migration and invasion, and increased the expression of EMT-related proteins. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that GKN1 may inhibit gastric cancer cell migration and invasion by downregulating RhoA expression in a miR-185- and miR-34a-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Byung Joon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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46
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Katoh H, Ishikawa S. Genomic pathobiology of gastric carcinoma. Pathol Int 2016; 67:63-71. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Genomic Pathology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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47
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Tie J, Zhang X, Fan D. Epigenetic roles in the malignant transformation of gastric mucosal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4599-4610. [PMID: 27464701 PMCID: PMC5097112 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis occurs when gastric epithelial cells transition through the initial, immortal, premalignant, and malignant stages of transformation. Epigenetic regulations contribute to this multistep process. Due to the critical role of epigenetic modifications , these changes are highly likely to be of clinical use in the future as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early detection and treatment of cancers. Here, we summarize the recent findings on how epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate gastric carcinogenesis, and we discuss potential new strategies for the diagnosis and treatments of gastric cancer. The strategies may be helpful in the further understanding of epigenetic regulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Variegated RHOA mutations in human cancers. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1123-1129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Rokutan H, Hosoda F, Hama N, Nakamura H, Totoki Y, Furukawa E, Arakawa E, Ohashi S, Urushidate T, Satoh H, Shimizu H, Igarashi K, Yachida S, Katai H, Taniguchi H, Fukayama M, Shibata T. Comprehensive mutation profiling of mucinous gastric carcinoma. J Pathol 2016; 240:137-48. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Rokutan
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumie Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Eisaku Furukawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Erika Arakawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoko Urushidate
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hironori Satoh
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroko Shimizu
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiko Igarashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Gastric Surgery Division; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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50
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Guo J, Yu W, Su H, Pang X. Genomic landscape of gastric cancer: molecular classification and potential targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:126-137. [PMID: 27460193 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer imposes a considerable health burden worldwide, and its mortality ranks as the second highest for all types of cancers. The limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer tumorigenesis hinders the development of therapeutic strategies. However, ongoing collaborative sequencing efforts facilitate molecular classification and unveil the genomic landscape of gastric cancer. Several new drivers and tumorigenic pathways in gastric cancer, including chromatin remodeling genes, RhoA-related pathways, TP53 dysregulation, activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, stem cell pathways and abnormal DNA methylation, have been revealed. These newly identified genomic alterations await translation into clinical diagnosis and targeted therapies. Considering that loss-of-function mutations are intractable, synthetic lethality could be employed when discussing feasible therapeutic strategies. Although many challenges remain to be tackled, we are optimistic regarding improvements in the prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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