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Morgan RN, Ali AA, Alshahrani MY, Aboshanab KM. New Insights on Biological Activities, Chemical Compositions, and Classifications of Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2444. [PMID: 37894102 PMCID: PMC10609280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofouling is the assemblage of undesirable biological materials and macro-organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) on submerged surfaces, which has unfavorable impacts on the economy and maritime environments. Recently, research efforts have focused on isolating natural, eco-friendly antifouling agents to counteract the toxicities of synthetic antifouling agents. Marine actinomycetes produce a multitude of active metabolites, some of which acquire antifouling properties. These antifouling compounds have chemical structures that fall under the terpenoids, polyketides, furanones, and alkaloids chemical groups. These compounds demonstrate eminent antimicrobial vigor associated with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potentialities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. They have also constrained larval settlements and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, suggesting a strong anti-macrofouling activity. Despite their promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, scaled-up production of natural antifouling agents retrieved from marine actinomycetes remains inapplicable and challenging. This might be attributed to their relatively low yield, the unreliability of in vitro tests, and the need for optimization before scaled-up manufacturing. This review will focus on some of the most recent marine actinomycete-derived antifouling agents, featuring their biological activities and chemical varieties after providing a quick overview of the disadvantages of fouling and commercially available synthetic antifouling agents. It will also offer different prospects of optimizations and analysis to scale up their industrial manufacturing for potential usage as antifouling coatings and antimicrobial and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa N. Morgan
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Drug Radiation Research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Ahmed El-Zomor St, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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2
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Karthik Y, Ishwara Kalyani M, Krishnappa S, Devappa R, Anjali Goud C, Ramakrishna K, Wani MA, Alkafafy M, Hussen Abduljabbar M, Alswat AS, Sayed SM, Mushtaq M. Antiproliferative activity of antimicrobial peptides and bioactive compounds from the mangrove Glutamicibacter mysorens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096826. [PMID: 36876075 PMCID: PMC9982118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash-colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole-1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Ishwara Kalyani
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Devappa
- Dr. C.D Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chengeshpur Anjali Goud
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Ramakrishna
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad Wani
- Division of Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Maram Hussen Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Germplasm Evaluation, New Delhi, India.,MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Wang KL, Dou ZR, Gong GF, Li HF, Jiang B, Xu Y. Anti-Larval and Anti-Algal Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms as Sources of Anti-Biofilm Agents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:90. [PMID: 35200620 PMCID: PMC8876061 DOI: 10.3390/md20020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria growing inside biofilms are more resistant to hostile environments, conventional antibiotics, and mechanical stresses than their planktonic counterparts. It is estimated that more than 80% of microbial infections in human patients are biofilm-based, and biofouling induced by the biofilms of some bacteria causes serious ecological and economic problems throughout the world. Therefore, exploring highly effective anti-biofilm compounds has become an urgent demand for the medical and marine industries. Marine microorganisms, a well-documented and prolific source of natural products, provide an array of structurally distinct secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. However, up to date, only a handful of anti-biofilm natural products derived from marine microorganisms have been reported. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that some promising antifouling (AF) compounds from marine microbes, particularly those that inhibit settlement of fouling invertebrate larvae and algal spores, can be considered as potential anti-biofilm agents owing to the well-known knowledge of the correlations between biofilm formation and the biofouling process of fouling organisms. In this review, a total of 112 anti-biofilm, anti-larval, and anti-algal natural products from marine microbes and 26 of their synthetic analogues are highlighted from 2000 to 2021. These compounds are introduced based on their microbial origins, and then categorized into the following different structural groups: fatty acids, butenolides, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, flavonoids, amines, nucleosides, and peptides. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) of some important compounds are also briefly discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (K.-L.W.); (Z.-R.D.); (G.-F.G.); (H.-F.L.); (B.J.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Dou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (K.-L.W.); (Z.-R.D.); (G.-F.G.); (H.-F.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Gao-Fen Gong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (K.-L.W.); (Z.-R.D.); (G.-F.G.); (H.-F.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (K.-L.W.); (Z.-R.D.); (G.-F.G.); (H.-F.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Bei Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (K.-L.W.); (Z.-R.D.); (G.-F.G.); (H.-F.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Chen L, Duan Y, Cui M, Huang R, Su R, Qi W, He Z. Biomimetic surface coatings for marine antifouling: Natural antifoulants, synthetic polymers and surface microtopography. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144469. [PMID: 33422842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a ubiquitous problem that accompanies human marine activities and marine industries. It exerts detrimental impacts on the economy, environment, ecology, and safety. Traditionally, mainstream approaches utilize metal ions to prevent biological contamination, but this also leads to environmental pollution and damage to the ecosystem. Efficient and environmentally friendly coatings are urgently needed to prevent marine devices from biofouling. Since nature is always the best teacher for humans, it offers us delightful thoughts on the research and development of high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and eco-friendly antifouling coatings. In this work, we focus on the research frontier of marine antifouling coatings from a bionic perspective. Enlightened by three distinctive dimensions of bionics: chemical molecule bionic, physiological mechanism bionic, and physical structure bionic, the research status of three main bioinspired strategies, which are natural antifoulants, bioinspired polymeric antifouling coatings, and biomimetic surface microtopographies, respectively, are demonstrated. The antifouling mechanisms are further interpreted based on biomimetic comprehension. The main fabrication methods and antifouling performances of these coatings are presented along with their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, the challenges are summarized, and future research prospects are proposed. It is believed that biomimetic antifouling strategies will contribute to the development of nontoxic antifouling techniques with exceptional repellency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineeringand Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineeringand Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Renliang Huang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongxin Su
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineeringand Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineeringand Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineeringand Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Abdelrahman SM, Patin NV, Hanora A, Aboseidah A, Desoky S, Desoky SG, Stewart FJ, Lopanik NB. The natural product biosynthetic potential of Red Sea nudibranch microbiomes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10525. [PMID: 33604161 PMCID: PMC7868072 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem that can be ameliorated by the discovery of novel drug candidates. Bacterial associates are often the source of pharmaceutically active natural products isolated from marine invertebrates, and thus, important targets for drug discovery. While the microbiomes of many marine organisms have been extensively studied, microbial communities from chemically-rich nudibranchs, marine invertebrates that often possess chemical defences, are relatively unknown. Methods We applied both culture-dependent and independent approaches to better understand the biochemical potential of microbial communities associated with nudibranchs. Gram-positive microorganisms isolated from nudibranchs collected in the Red Sea were screened for antibacterial and antitumor activity. To assess their biochemical potential, the isolates were screened for the presence of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters, including polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, using PCR. The microbiomes of the nudibranchs were investigated by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Results In screens against five model microorganisms, 51% of extracts displayed antimicrobial activity against more than one organism, and 19% exhibited antitumor activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma. Sixty-four percent of isolates contained PKS and NRPS genes, suggesting their genomes contain gene clusters for natural product biosynthesis. Thirty-five percent were positive for more than one class of biosynthetic gene. These strains were identified as belonging to the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, 16S rRNA community amplicon sequencing revealed all bacterial isolates were present in the uncultured host-associated microbiome, although they were a very small percentage of the total community. Taken together, these results indicate that bacteria associated with marine nudibranchs are potentially a rich source of bioactive compounds and natural product biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Abdelrahman
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nastassia V Patin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amro Hanora
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Frank J Stewart
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Nicole B Lopanik
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Liu LL, Wu CH, Qian PY. Marine natural products as antifouling molecules - a mini-review (2014-2020). BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1210-1226. [PMID: 33401982 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1864343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, 182 antifouling (AF) natural products from marine microorganisms, algae and marine invertebrates reported from August 2014 to May 2020 are presented. Amongst these compounds, over half were isolated from marine-derived microorganisms, including 70 compounds from fungi and 31 compounds from bacteria. The structure-relationship of some of these compounds is also briefly discussed. Based on the work reported, a general workflow was drafted to refine the procedures for the commercialization of any novel AF compounds. Finally, butenolide, which is considered a potential environmentally friendly antifoulant, is used as a case study to show the procedures involved in AF compound work from the aspect of discovery, structure optimization, toxicity, stability, AF mechanism and coating incorporation, which highlight the current challenges and future perspectives in AF compound research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Liu
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hai Wu
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Hawas UW, Shaher F, Ghandourah M, Abou El-Kassem LT, Satheesh S, Al-Sofyani AMA. Lipids and Free Fatty Acids of Red Sea Avrainvillea amadelpha, Holothuria atra, and Sarcocornia fruticosa Inhibit Marine Bacterial Biofilms. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666191004104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of the Red Sea metabolites from
green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, sea cucumber Holothuria atra and costal plant Sarcocornia fruticosa
against three biofilm bacterial strains isolated from Jeddah coast. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and other
lipoidal matters were extracted from these organisms and analyzed by GC-MS. The composition of
lipoidal fractions showed that A. amadelpha is rich by 74% saturated FAs, while sea cucumber H. atra
revealed high content (60%) of unsaturated FAs. Palmitic acid is the major FA component in all species
ranging from 14.5 to 26.7%. Phytol, sterols and hydrocarbons (C8-C29) were represented in the
alga A. amadelpha as high contents with values 25.8, 21.9 and 18.5%, respectively. The extracts and
lipoidal contents showed biofilm inhibitory activity against the isolated bacterial strains, where the unsaponified
lipoidal fraction of S. fruticosa exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Planomicrobium
sp. at concentration of 200 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama W. Hawas
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fekri Shaher
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ghandourah
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia T. Abou El-Kassem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Arts in Rabigh, Rabigh 21911, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sathianeson Satheesh
- Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Antifouling Napyradiomycins from Marine-Derived Actinomycetes Streptomyces aculeolatus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010063. [PMID: 31963732 PMCID: PMC7024211 DOI: 10.3390/md18010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The undesired attachment of micro and macroorganisms on water-immersed surfaces, known as marine biofouling, results in severe prevention and maintenance costs (billions €/year) for aquaculture, shipping and other industries that rely on coastal and off-shore infrastructures. To date, there are no sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally safe solutions to address this challenging phenomenon. Therefore, we investigated the antifouling activity of napyradiomycin derivatives that were isolated from actinomycetes from ocean sediments collected off the Madeira Archipelago. Our results revealed that napyradiomycins inhibited ≥80% of the marine biofilm-forming bacteria assayed, as well as the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50 < 5 µg/ml and LC50/EC50 >15), without viability impairment. In silico prediction of toxicity end points are of the same order of magnitude of standard approved drugs and biocides. Altogether, napyradiomycins disclosed bioactivity against marine micro and macrofouling organisms, and non-toxic effects towards the studied species, displaying potential to be used in the development of antifouling products.
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Zhang J, Ling W, Yang Z, Liang Y, Zhang L, Guo C, Wang K, Zhong B, Xu S, Xu Y. Isolation and Structure-Activity Relationship of Subergorgic Acid and Synthesis of Its Derivatives as Antifouling Agent. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E101. [PMID: 30736380 PMCID: PMC6410164 DOI: 10.3390/md17020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, as part of our continuous search for environmentally-friendly antifoulants from natural resources, subergorgic acid (SA) was identified from the gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa, demonstrating non-toxic, significant inhibitory effects (EC50 1.25 μg/mL, LC50 > 25 μg/mL) against the settlement of Balanus amphitrite. To further explore the bioactive functional groups of SA and synthesize more potent antifouling compounds based on the lead SA, the structure-activity relationships of SA were studied, followed by rational design and synthesis of two series of SA derivatives (one being benzyl esters of SA and another being SA derivatives containing methylene chains of various lengths). Our results indicated that (1) both the double bond and ketone carbonyl are essential elements responsible for the antifouling effect of SA, while the acid group is not absolutely necessary for maintaining the antifouling effect; (2) all benzyl esters of SA displayed good antifouling effects (EC50 ranged from 0.30 to 2.50 μg/mL) with the most potent compound being 5 (EC50 0.30 μg/mL, LC50 > 25 μg/mL), which was over four-fold more potent than SA; and (3) the introduction of a methylene chain into SA reduces the antifouling potency while the length of the methylene chain may differently influence the antifouling effect, depending on the functional group at the opposite site of the methylene chain. Not only has this study successfully revealed the bioactive functional groups of SA, contributing to the mechanism of SA against the settlement of B. amphitrite, but it has also resulted in the identification of a more potent compound 5, which might represent a non-toxic, high-efficiency antifoulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Wei Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Linyan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Can Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Kailing Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Shihai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Zhang XY, Amin M, Xu XY, Qi SH. Antifouling Potentials and Metabolite Profiles of Two Marine-derived Fungal Isolates. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the culture broths of Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO 00305 and Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO 00258 exhibited a relatively broad spectrum of antifouling activity against various biofoulers. The main chemical components of their bioactive fractions were analyzed and identified by LC-MS and from literature data. Two bioactive fractions comprised of 1α-methoxyroquefortine C, meleagrin, roquefortine C and isoroquefortine C exhibited more significant anti-barnacle activity than meleagrin in field bioassays, suggesting that the combination of different bioactive compounds could display a stronger antifouling activity than a single compound in the complicated marine ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
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Inoue Y, Takashima S, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Isocyanides Derived from α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids: Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Assessment. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700571. [PMID: 29381256 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we contribute to the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants by synthesizing eighteen isocyanides derived from α,α-disubstituted amino acids and evaluating their antifouling activity/toxicity against the cypris larvae of the Balanus amphitrite barnacle. Almost all isocyanides showed good antifouling activity without significant toxicity and exhibited EC50 values of 0.07 - 7.30 μg/mL after 120-h exposure. The lowest EC50 values were observed for valine-, methionine-, and phenylalanine-derived isocyanides, which achieved > 95% cypris larvae settlement inhibition at concentrations of less than 30 μg/mL without exhibiting significant toxicity. Thus, the prepared isocyanides should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takashima
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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12
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Wang KL, Wu ZH, Wang Y, Wang CY, Xu Y. Mini-Review: Antifouling Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms and Their Synthetic Analogs. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E266. [PMID: 28846626 PMCID: PMC5618405 DOI: 10.3390/md15090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofouling causes huge economic loss and generates serious ecological issues worldwide. Marine coatings incorporated with antifouling (AF) compounds are the most common practices to prevent biofouling. With a ban of organotins and an increase in the restrictions regarding the use of other AF alternatives, exploring effective and environmentally friendly AF compounds has become an urgent demand for marine coating industries. Marine microorganisms, which have the largest biodiversity, represent a rich and important source of bioactive compounds and have many medical and industrial applications. This review summarizes 89 natural products from marine microorganisms and 13 of their synthetic analogs with AF EC50 values ≤ 25 μg/mL from 1995 (the first report about marine microorganism-derived AF compounds) to April 2017. Some compounds with the EC50 values < 5 μg/mL and LC50/EC50 ratios > 50 are highlighted as potential AF compounds, and the preliminary analysis of structure-relationship (SAR) of these compounds is also discussed briefly. In the last part, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews. To provide clear guidance for the readers, the AF compounds from microorganisms and their synthetic analogs in this review are categorized into ten types, including fatty acids, lactones, terpenes, steroids, benzenoids, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, nucleosides and peptides. In addition to the major AF compounds which targets macro-foulers, this review also includes compounds with antibiofilm activity since micro-foulers also contribute significantly to the biofouling communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Wu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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13
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Kamjam M, Sivalingam P, Deng Z, Hong K. Deep Sea Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:760. [PMID: 28507537 PMCID: PMC5410581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep sea is a unique and extreme environment. It is a hot spot for hunting marine actinomycetes resources and secondary metabolites. The novel deep sea actinomycete species reported from 2006 to 2016 including 21 species under 13 genera with the maximum number from Microbacterium, followed by Dermacoccus, Streptomyces and Verrucosispora, and one novel species for the other 9 genera. Eight genera of actinomycetes were reported to produce secondary metabolites, among which Streptomyces is the richest producer. Most of the compounds produced by the deep sea actinomycetes presented antimicrobial and anti-cancer cell activities. Gene clusters related to biosynthesis of desotamide, heronamide, and lobophorin have been identified from the deep sea derived Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Kamjam
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Periyasamy Sivalingam
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Zinxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan, China
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14
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Han Z, Li YX, Liu LL, Lu L, Guo XR, Zhang XX, Zhang XY, Qi SH, Xu Y, Qian PY. Thielavins W-Z₇, New Antifouling Thielavins from the Marine-Derived Fungus Thielavia sp. UST030930-004. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15050128. [PMID: 28468259 PMCID: PMC5450534 DOI: 10.3390/md15050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven new depsides—thielavins W–Z (1–4) and thielavins Z1–Z7 (5–11)—and also four known thielavins—A, H, J, and K (12–15)—were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a marine-derived fungal strain Thielavia sp UST030930-004. All of these compounds were evaluated for antifouling activity against cyprids of the barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) amphitrite. The results showed that compounds 1–3 and 6–13 were active, with EC50 values ranging from 2.95 ± 0.59 to 69.19 ± 9.51 μM, respectively. The inhibitive effect of compounds 1–3 and 7 was reversible. This is the first description of the antifouling activity of thielavins against barnacle cyprids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya 572000, China.
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ling-Li Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liang Lu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xian-Rong Guo
- Imaging & Characterization Core lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Fukuda T, Wagatsuma H, Kominami Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Chiba K, Kitano Y. Anti-barnacle Activity of Isocyanides Derived from Amino Acids. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1502-1510. [PMID: 27449975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Creation of new potent antifouling active compounds is important for the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents. Fifteen isocyanide congeners derived from proteinogenic amino acids were synthesized, and the antifouling activity and toxicity of these compounds against cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. All synthesized amino acid-isocyanides exhibited potent anti-barnacle activity with EC50 values of 0.07 - 10.34 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without significant toxicity. In addition, seven compounds showed more than 95% settlement inhibition of the cypris larvae at 10 μg/ml after 120 h exposure without any mortality observed. Considering their structure, these amino acid-isocyanides would eventually be biodegraded to their original nontoxic amino acids. These should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Wagatsuma
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kominami
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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16
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Song B, Wang YZ, Wang GY, Liu GL, Li WZ, Yan F. The lipopeptide 6-2 produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-CA has potent activity against the biofilm-forming organisms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:62-69. [PMID: 27184127 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Both the whole cells and protoplasts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Bacillus cereus, two biofilm-forming bacteria, were disrupted by the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-CA. The lipopeptide 6-2 could also effectively inhibit the formation of biofilms and disperse pre-formed biofilms. Live/dead staining of the biofilms grown in the absence or presence of the lipopeptide 6-2 showed that more dead bacterial cells in the presence of the lipopeptide than those in the absence of the lipopeptide and biofilm formation was greatly reduced by the lipopeptide 6-2. Expression of the PslC gene related to exopolysaccharides in P. aeruginosa PAO1 was also inhibited. All these results demonstrated that the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by B. amyloliquefaciens anti-CA had a high activity against biofilm-forming bacteria. The lipopeptide 6-2 also killed the larvae of Balanus amphitrite and inhibit the germination of Laminaria japonica spore and growth of protozoa, all of which were the fouling organisms in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China.
| | - Yu-Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Wang
- Unesco Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- Unesco Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
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17
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Natural antifouling compounds: Effectiveness in preventing invertebrate settlement and adhesion. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:343-57. [PMID: 25749324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling represents a major economic issue regarding maritime industries and also raise important environmental concern. International legislation is restricting the use of biocidal-based antifouling (AF) coatings, and increasing efforts have been applied in the search for environmentally friendly AF agents. A wide diversity of natural AF compounds has been described for their ability to inhibit the settlement of macrofouling species. However poor information on the specific AF targets was available before the application of different molecular approaches both on invertebrate settlement strategies and bioadhesive characterization and also on the mechanistic effects of natural AF compounds. This review focuses on the relevant information about the main invertebrate macrofouler species settlement and bioadhesive mechanisms, which might help in the understanding of the reported effects, attributed to effective and non-toxic natural AF compounds towards this macrofouling species. It also aims to contribute to the elucidation of promising biotechnological strategies in the development of natural effective environmentally friendly AF paints.
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18
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Prakash S, Ramasubburayan R, Iyapparaj P, Ramaswamy Arthi AP, Ahila NK, Ramkumar VS, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Environmentally benign antifouling potentials of triterpene-glycosides from Streptomyces fradiae: a mangrove isolate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to screen and evaluate the antifouling potentials of the actinobacterial strainStreptomyces fradiaeRMS-MSU isolated from the manakkudy mangroves of Tamilnadu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vijayan Sri Ramkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - Grasian Immanuel
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
- India
| | - Arunachalam Palavesam
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
- India
- Department of Animal Science
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
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19
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Yang C, Yu Y, Sun W, Xia C. Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Ca2+ efflux in diatom. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:62-69. [PMID: 25287229 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a serious environmental problem worldwide. As an effort to find environmental friendly antifoulants, indole derivatives were determined for their activities to inhibit the growth of bacteria and diatom. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of indole derivatives against bacteria were very low, especially for 6-chloroindole. It was proved that 6-chloroindole obviously inhibited the growth of bacteria, interfered with the formation of bacterial biofilm, destroyed bacterial cell morphology and also inhibited the growth of diatom Cylindrotheca sp. as well. By using noninvasive micro-test technique (NMT), 6-chloroindole triggered algal cellular Ca(2+) efflux. The highest value was 72.03 pmol cm(-2)s(-1), 10.6 times of the control group. The present studies indicated that indole derivatives might have the potential to be new antifouling agents because of their excellent antibacterial and anti-algal activities. At the same time, Ca(2+) efflux might be one of the mechanisms that indole derivatives inhibited the growth of diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yanan Yu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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20
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Antifouling potential of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2899-905. [PMID: 25096202 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have usually been viewed as sources of environmentally friendly compounds with antifouling activity. We performed a series of operations to investigate the antifouling potential of the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. For the ethyl acetate crude extract, the antialgal activity was significant, and the EC50 value against Skeletonema costatum was 58.9 μg ml(-1). The isolated purified extract was tested for antifouling activity, the EC 50 value against S. costatum was 21.2 μg ml(-1), and the LC50 against Balanus amphitrite larvae was 18.8 μg ml(-1). Subsequently, both UHR-TOF-MS and GC-MS were used for the structural elucidation of the compounds, and a series of unsaturated and saturated 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids were detected. The data suggested that the fatty acid extracts from D. salina possess high antifouling activity, and could be used as substitutes for potent, toxic antifouling compounds.
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21
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Zhang XY, Xu XY, Peng J, Ma CF, Nong XH, Bao J, Zhang GZ, Qi SH. Antifouling potentials of eight deep-sea-derived fungi from the South China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:741-8. [PMID: 24532297 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Marine-derived microbial secondary metabolites are promising potential sources of nontoxic antifouling agents. The search for environmentally friendly and low-toxic antifouling components guided us to investigate the antifouling potentials of eight novel fungal isolates from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. Sixteen crude ethyl acetate extracts of the eight fungal isolates showed distinct antibacterial activity against three marine bacteria (Loktanella hongkongensis UST950701–009, Micrococcus luteus UST950701–006 and Pseudoalteromonas piscida UST010620–005), or significant antilarval activity against larval settlement of bryozoan Bugula neritina. Furthermore, the extract of Aspergillus westerdijkiae DFFSCS013 displayed strong antifouling activity in a field trial lasting 4 months. By further bioassay-guided isolation, five antifouling alkaloids including brevianamide F, circumdatin F and L, notoamide C, and 5-chlorosclerotiamide were isolated from the extract of A. westerdijkiae DFFSCS013. This is the first report about the antifouling potentials of metabolites of the deep-sea-derived fungi from the South China Sea, and the first stage towards the development of non- or low-toxic antifouling agents from deep-sea-derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhang
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
| | - Jiang Peng
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
| | - Chun-Feng Ma
- grid.79703.3a 0000000417643838 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Xu-Hua Nong
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Bao
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
| | - Guang-Zhao Zhang
- grid.79703.3a 0000000417643838 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road 510301 Guangzhou China
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22
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Pérez M, García M, Stupak M, Blustein G. Synthesis and Characterization of Ferric Sorbate and Aluminum Sorbate as Antifouling Pigments for Marine Paints. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403905v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pérez
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas, CIDEPINT, 52 e/121 y 122, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica García
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas, CIDEPINT, 52 e/121 y 122, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta Stupak
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas, CIDEPINT, 52 e/121 y 122, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Blustein
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas, CIDEPINT, 52 e/121 y 122, La Plata, Argentina
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23
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Gao M, Su R, Wang K, Li X, Lu W. Natural antifouling compounds produced by a novel fungus Aureobasidium pullulans HN isolated from marine biofilm. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:172-176. [PMID: 24210009 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans, was isolated from marine biofilm and identified. A bioassay-guided fractionation procedure was developed to isolate and purify antifouling compounds from A. pullulans HN. The procedure was: fermentation broth-aeration and addition of sodium thiosulfate-graduated pH and liquid-liquid extraction-SPE purification-GC-MS analysis. Firstly, the fermentation broth was tested for its toxicity. Then it was treated with aeration and addition of sodium thiosulfate, and its toxicity was almost not changed. Lastly, antifouling compounds were extracted at different pH, the extract had high toxicity at pH 2 but almost no toxicity at pH 10, which suggested the toxicants should be fatty acids. The EC50 of the extract against Skeletonema costatum was 90.9 μg ml(-1), and its LC50 against Balanus amphitrete larvae was 22.2 μg ml(-1). After purified by HLB SPE column, the EC50 of the extract against S. costatum was 49.4 μg ml(-1). The myristic and palmitic acids were found as the main toxicants by GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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24
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Gittens JE, Smith TJ, Suleiman R, Akid R. Current and emerging environmentally-friendly systems for fouling control in the marine environment. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1738-53. [PMID: 24051087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Following the ban in 2003 on the use of tributyl-tin compounds in antifouling coatings, the search for an environmentally-friendly alternative has accelerated. Biocidal TBT alternatives, such as diuron and Irgarol 1051®, have proved to be environmentally damaging to marine organisms. The issue regarding the use of biocides is that concerning the half-life of the compounds which allow a perpetuation of the toxic effects into the marine food chain, and initiate changes in the early stages of the organisms' life-cycle. In addition, the break-down of biocides can result in metabolites with greater toxicity and longevity than the parent compound. Functionalized coatings have been designed to repel the settlement and permanent attachment of fouling organisms via modification of either or both surface topography and surface chemistry, or by interfering with the natural mechanisms via which fouling organisms settle upon and adhere to surfaces. A large number of technologies are being developed towards producing new coatings that will be able to resist biofouling over a period of years and thus truly replace biocides as antifouling systems. In addition urgent research is directed towards the exploitation of mechanisms used by living organisms designed to repel the settlement of fouling organisms. These biomimetic strategies include the production of antifouling enzymes and novel surface topography that are incompatible with permanent attachment, for example, by mimicking the microstructure of shark skin. Other research seeks to exploit chemical signals and antimicrobial agents produced by diverse living organisms in the environment to prevent settlement and growth of fouling organisms on vulnerable surfaces. Novel polymer-based technologies may prevent fouling by means of unfavourable surface chemical and physical properties or by concentrating antifouling compounds around surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Gittens
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
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Wietz M, Duncan K, Patin NV, Jensen PR. Antagonistic interactions mediated by marine bacteria: the role of small molecules. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:879-91. [PMID: 23852047 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine bacteria are known to produce a wide variety of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. Considerably less is known about the ecological functions of these compounds, in part due to methodological challenges associated with this field of research. Here, we review the antagonistic activities mediated by marine bacteria with a focus on activities linked to structurally defined secondary metabolites. Bacterial antagonism has been documented against other marine bacteria as well as eukaryotes, and includes antibiosis, the inhibition of quorum sensing, larval settlement deterrence, and defense against predation. These compounds likely play important ecological roles that ultimately affect ecosystem structure and function, however, much remains to be learned before these roles can be fully appreciated. Recent technological advances coupled with a better understanding of the diverse processes mediated by secondary metabolites provide new opportunities to expand our understanding of the chemical ecology of bacterial antagonism in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wietz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
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Dobretsov S, Abed RMM, Teplitski M. Mini-review: Inhibition of biofouling by marine microorganisms. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:423-41. [PMID: 23574279 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.776042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Any natural or artificial substratum exposed to seawater is quickly fouled by marine microorganisms and later by macrofouling species. Microfouling organisms on the surface of a substratum form heterogenic biofilms, which are composed of multiple species of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms, protozoa and fungi. Biofilms on artificial structures create serious problems for industries worldwide, with effects including an increase in drag force and metal corrosion as well as a reduction in heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, microorganisms produce chemical compounds that may induce or inhibit settlement and growth of other fouling organisms. Since the last review by the first author on inhibition of biofouling by marine microbes in 2006, significant progress has been made in the field. Several antimicrobial, antialgal and antilarval compounds have been isolated from heterotrophic marine bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi. Some of these compounds have multiple bioactivities. Microorganisms are able to disrupt biofilms by inhibition of bacterial signalling and production of enzymes that degrade bacterial signals and polymers. Epibiotic microorganisms associated with marine algae and invertebrates have a high antifouling (AF) potential, which can be used to solve biofouling problems in industry. However, more information about the production of AF compounds by marine microorganisms in situ and their mechanisms of action needs to be obtained. This review focuses on the AF activity of marine heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi and covers publications from 2006 up to the end of 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Abstract
Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, HKSAR, China.
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28
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Marine bacteria from Danish coastal waters show antifouling activity against the marine fouling bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain S91 and zoospores of the green alga Ulva australis independent of bacteriocidal activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8557-67. [PMID: 22003011 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06038-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if marine bacteria from Danish coastal waters produce antifouling compounds and if antifouling bacteria could be ascribed to specific niches or seasons. We further assess if antibacterial effect is a good proxy for antifouling activity. We isolated 110 bacteria with anti-Vibrio activity from different sample types and locations during a 1-year sampling from Danish coastal waters. The strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas, Phaeobacter, and Vibrionaceae based on phenotypic tests and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The numbers of bioactive bacteria were significantly higher in warmer than in colder months. While some species were isolated at all sampling locations, others were niche specific. We repeatedly isolated Phaeobacter gallaeciensis at surfaces from one site and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata at two others. Twenty-two strains, representing the major taxonomic groups, different seasons, and isolation strategies, were tested for antiadhesive effect against the marine biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain S91 and zoospores of the green alga Ulva australis. The antiadhesive effects were assessed by quantifying the number of strain S91 or Ulva spores attaching to a preformed biofilm of each of the 22 strains. The strongest antifouling activity was found in Pseudoalteromonas strains. Biofilms of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, and Pseudoalteromonas ulvae prevented Pseudoalteromonas S91 from attaching to steel surfaces. P. piscicida killed S91 bacteria in the suspension cultures, whereas P. tunicata and P. ulvae did not; however, they did prevent adhesion by nonbactericidal mechanism(s). Seven Pseudoalteromonas species, including P. piscicida and P. tunicata, reduced the number of settling Ulva zoospores to less than 10% of the number settling on control surfaces. The antifouling alpP gene was detected only in P. tunicata strains (with purple and yellow pigmentation), so other compounds/mechanisms must be present in the other Pseudoalteromonas strains with antifouling activity.
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Yang JL, Li YF, Bao WY, Satuito CG, Kitamura H. Larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 in response to neurotransmitter blockers and tetraethylammonium. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:193-199. [PMID: 21271410 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.553717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The metamorphic response of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, rauwolscine, idazoxan, atenolol and butoxamine, and to tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) was investigated through a series of bioassays. Chlorpromazine, amitriptyline and idazoxin inhibited larval metamorphosis induced by 10⁻⁴ M epinephrine. The concentration that inhibited metamorphosis by 50% (IC₅₀) for chlorpromazine and amitriptyline was 1.6 x 10⁻⁶ M and 6.6 x 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. Idazoxan was less effective with an IC₅₀ of 4.4 x 10¹³ M. Moreover, these three inhibitors showed no toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. The larval metamorphic response to K+ was not inhibited by 10⁻³ M tetraethylammonium chloride after 96 h. Thus, the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine and amitriptyline are inhibitors of larval metamorphosis, and will be useful tools for antifouling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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31
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Paul VJ, Ritson-Williams R, Sharp K. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:345-87. [PMID: 21125086 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.
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Wang H, Qian PY. Involvement of a novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in larval metamorphosis of the polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2010; 314:390-402. [PMID: 20535771 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydroides elegans is a common marine fouling organism in most tropical and subtropical waters. The life cycle of H. elegans includes a planktonic larval stage in which swimming larvae normally take 5 days to attain competency to settle. Larval metamorphosis marks the beginning of its benthic life; however, the endogenous molecular mechanisms that regulate metamorphosis remain largely unknown. In this study, a PCR-based suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed to screen the genes expressed in competent larvae but not in precompetent larvae. Among the transcripts isolated from the library, 21 significantly matched sequences in the GenBank. Many of these isolated transcripts have putative roles in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal transduction pathway or in response to ROS stress. A putative novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which was also isolated with SSH screen, was then cloned and characterized. The MAPK inhibitors assay showed that both p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580 effectively inhibited the biofilm-induced metamorphosis of H. elegans. A cell stressors assay showed that H(2)O(2) effectively induced larval metamorphosis of H. elegans, but the inductivity of H(2)O(2) was also inhibited by both SB inhibitors. The catalase assay showed that the catalase could effetely inhibit H. elegans larvae from responding to inductive biofilm. These results showed that the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway plays critical role in controlling larval metamorphosis of the marine polychaete H. elegans, and the reactive oxygen radicals produced by biofilm could be the cue inducing larval metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR
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Xu Y, He H, Schulz S, Liu X, Fusetani N, Xiong H, Xiao X, Qian PY. Potent antifouling compounds produced by marine Streptomyces. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1331-1336. [PMID: 19818601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling causes huge economic loss and a recent global ban on organotin compounds as antifouling agents has increased the need for safe and effective antifouling compounds. Five structurally similar compounds were isolated from the crude extract of a marine Streptomyces strain obtained from deep-sea sediments. Antifouling activities of these five compounds and four other structurally-related compounds isolated from a North Sea Streptomyces strain against major fouling organisms were compared to probe structure-activity relationships of compounds. The functional moiety responsible for antifouling activity lies in the 2-furanone ring and that the lipophilicity of compounds substantially affects their antifouling activities. Based on these findings, a compound with a straight alkyl side-chain was synthesized and proved itself as a very effective non-toxic, anti-larval settlement agent against three major fouling organisms. The strong antifouling activity, relatively low toxicity, and simple structures of these compounds make them promising candidates for new antifouling additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- KAUST Global Academic Partnership Program, Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Qian PY, Xu Y, Fusetani N. Natural products as antifouling compounds: recent progress and future perspectives. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:223-34. [PMID: 19960389 DOI: 10.1080/08927010903470815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since early 2008, an increasing number of countries have ratified an international treaty to ban the application of antifouling (AF) coatings based on organotin compounds (eg tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin). As a result, the demand for environmentally friendly, non-toxic or low-toxicity AF compounds and technologies (green AF agents) has become an urgent reality. Marine coatings based on Cu2O and various other biocides have a negative impact on the environment and they must eventually be replaced by new, effective, and environmentally friendly AF compounds. This mini-review describes important AF compounds discovered from a variety of organisms from 2004 until mid 2009, and discusses recent and general trends in the discovery of AF compounds. Finally, a perspective on the future of AF compound development is presented. The discussion is aimed at updating scientists and engineers on the current challenges facing AF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global Partnership Program, Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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