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Vasilieva S, Lukyanov A, Antipova C, Grigoriev T, Lobakova E, Chivkunova O, Scherbakov P, Zaytsev P, Gorelova O, Fedorenko T, Kochkin D, Solovchenko A. Interactive Effects of Ceftriaxone and Chitosan Immobilization on the Production of Arachidonic Acid by and the Microbiome of the Chlorophyte Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10988. [PMID: 37446166 PMCID: PMC10341515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals including antibiotics are among the hazardous micropollutants (HMP) of the environment. Incomplete degradation of the HMP leads to their persistence in water bodies causing a plethora of deleterious effects. Conventional wastewater treatment cannot remove HMP completely and a promising alternative comprises biotechnologies based on microalgae. The use of immobilized microalgae in environmental biotechnology is advantageous since immobilized cultures allow the recycling of the microalgal cells, support higher cell densities, and boost tolerance of microalgae to stresses including HMP. Here, we report on a comparative study of HMP (exemplified by the antibiotic ceftriaxone, CTA) removal by suspended and chitosan-immobilized cells of Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 in flasks and in a column bioreactor. The removal of CTA added in the concentration of 20 mg/L was as high as 65% (in the flasks) or 85% (in the bioreactor). The adsorption on the carrier and abiotic oxidation were the main processes contributing 65-70% to the total CTA removal, while both suspended and immobilized cells took up 25-30% of CTA. Neither the immobilization nor CTA affected the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ARA) by Lobosphaera sp. during bioreactor tests but the subsequent nitrogen deprivation increased ARA accumulation 2.5 and 1.7 times in the suspended and chitosan-immobilized microalgae, respectively. The study of the Lobosphaera sp. microbiome revealed that the immobilization of chitosan rather than the CTA exposure was the main factor displacing the taxonomic composition of the microbiome. The possibility and limitations of the use of chitosan-immobilized Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 for HMP removal coupled with the production of valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Alexandr Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Christina Antipova
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Square 1, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (C.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Timofei Grigoriev
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Square 1, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (C.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Pavel Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Petr Zaytsev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Tatiana Fedorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kochkin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
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Solovchenko A. Seeing good and bad: Optical sensing of microalgal culture condition. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Chlorophyll fluorescence as a valuable multitool for microalgal biotechnology. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:973-983. [PMID: 36124274 PMCID: PMC9481855 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable fluorescence of chlorophyll (CF) of the photosynthetic apparatus is an ample source of valuable information on physiological condition of photosynthetic organisms. Currently, the most widespread CF-based technique is represented by recording pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) induction of CF by saturating light. The CF-based monitoring techniques are increasingly employed for characterization of performance and stress resilience of microalgae in microalgal biotechnology. Analysis of CF induction curves reveals the fate of light energy absorbed by photosynthetic apparatus, the proportions of the energy that have been utilized for photochemistry (culture growth), and heat dissipated by photoprotective mechanisms. Hence CF and its derived parameters are an accurate proxy of the metabolic activity of the photosynthetic cell and the engagement of photoprotective mechanisms. This information is a solid foundation for making decisions on the microalgal culture management during the lab-scale and industrial-scale cultivation. Applications of CF and PAM include the monitoring of stressor (high light, nutrient deprivation, extreme temperatures, etc.) effects for assessment of the culture robustness. It also serves as a non-invasive express test for gauging the effect of assorted toxicants in microalgae. This approach is becoming widespread in ecological toxicology and environmental biotechnology, particularly for bioprospecting strains capable of the destruction of dangerous pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. In the review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using CF-based methods for assessment of the culture conditions. Special attention is paid to the potential caveats and applicability of different variations of CF and PAM measurements for solving problems of microalgal biotechnology.
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Todisco E, Louveau J, Thobie C, Dechandol E, Hervé L, Titica M, Pruvost J. A dynamic model for temperature prediction in a façade-integrated photobioreactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ptushenko VV, Bondarenko GN, Vinogradova EN, Glagoleva ES, Karpova OV, Ptushenko OS, Solovchenko AE, Trubitsin BV, Chivkunova OB, Shibzukhova KA, Shcherbakov PN. The Effect of Chilling on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Microalga Lobosphaera incisa IPPAS C-2047. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1590-1598. [PMID: 34937538 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have developed a set of mechanisms aimed at preventing photo-oxidative reactions in the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) initiated by excessively absorbed light energy. Along with high irradiance, other stressors, e.g., chilling temperatures, can lead to the absorption of the excess of light energy and hence to photo-oxidative stress. Here, we studied induction of photoprotective mechanisms in response to chilling (0°C) at a low irradiance (50 µmol PAR photons m-2·s-1) in the cells of microalga Lobosphaera incisa IPPAS C-2047. After 4 days of incubation at a low temperature, L. incisa IPPAS C-2047 cells showed a notable decrease in the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) and in the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport, as well as a significant increase in the thermal dissipation of the absorbed light energy in the light-harvesting antenna. In contrast, most conventional markers of PSA acclimation to excess light energy [total chlorophyll and carotenoid content; violaxanthin cycle pigment content and de-epoxidation state; photosynthetic antenna, PSII, and photosystem I (PSI) ratio] remained virtually unchanged. The content of major unsaturated fatty acids also remained almost unaffected, except for arachidonic acid (increased by 40%) recently assumed to activate violaxanthin de-epoxidase by adjusting its lipid microenvironment. Significant changes (4-7-fold increase) were observed in the expression of the gene encoding protective protein LhcSR. Pre-conditioning at 5°C prior to the acclimation to 0°C augmented the PSA photochemical activity. Our data show that the mid-term (4-d) acclimation of L. incisa IPPAS C-2047 to a chilling temperature at a low irradiance triggers the PSA response resembling, in part, the response to high light but relying mostly on the LhcSR protein-dependent quenching of excitation in the photosynthetic antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia. .,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | | | - Elizaveta N Vinogradova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena S Glagoleva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Karpova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oxana S Ptushenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga B Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Pavel N Shcherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Microalgae Xanthophylls: From Biosynthesis Pathway and Production Techniques to Encapsulation Development. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112835. [PMID: 34829118 PMCID: PMC8623138 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, xanthophylls from microalgae have gained increased scientific and industrial interests. This review highlights the essential issues that concern this class of high value compounds. Firstly, their chemical diversity as the producer microorganisms was detailed. Then, the use of conventional and innovative extraction techniques was discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main xanthophylls produced by photosynthetic microorganisms was reviewed in depth, providing new insightful ideas, clarifying the function of these active biomolecules. In addition, the recent advances in encapsulation techniques of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, such as spray and freeze drying, gelation, emulsification and coacervation were updated. Providing information about these topics and their applications and advances could be a help to students and young researchers who are interested in chemical and metabolic engineering, chemistry and natural products communities to approach the complex thematic of xanthophylls.
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Tan X, Zhu J, Wakisaka M. Effect of phytochemical vanillic acid on the growth and lipid accumulation of freshwater microalga Euglena gracilis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:217. [PMID: 34773155 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A feasible approach against the low yield of microalgae biomass involves the use of a stimulator for microalgal growth. In this research, vanillic acid present in the hydrolysate of agricultural waste, was applied to the cultivation of unicellular microalga Euglena gracilis. At the optimal dosage of 800 mg L-1 vanillic acid, biomass yield at treatment increased 2.08-fold. Correspondingly, the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids was 3.48 and 2.69 fold than of the control ground, respectively. Increased in cell aspect ratio demonstrated that the alga was more active after vanillic acid treatment. Furthermore, relative lipid and carbohydrate content were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the result showed that vanillic acid increased the lipid content in algal cells without sacrificing biomass, which would be a promising way for future biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Tan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangyu Zhu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minato Wakisaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan.
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Karam AL, Lai YC, de los Reyes FL, Ducoste JJ. Chlorophyll a and non-pigmented biomass are sufficient predictors for estimating light attenuation during cultivation of Dunaliella viridis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Guardini Z, Dall’Osto L, Barera S, Jaberi M, Cazzaniga S, Vitulo N, Bassi R. High Carotenoid Mutants of Chlorella vulgaris Show Enhanced Biomass Yield under High Irradiance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050911. [PMID: 34062906 PMCID: PMC8147269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a carbon-neutral source of bulk biomass, for extraction of high-value compounds and production of renewable fuels. Due to their high metabolic activity and reproduction rates, species of the genus Chlorella are highly productive when cultivated in photobioreactors. However, wild-type strains show biological limitations making algal bioproducts expensive compared to those extracted from other feedstocks. Such constraints include inhomogeneous light distribution due to high optical density of the culture, and photoinhibition of the surface-exposed cells. Thus, the domestication of algal strains for industry makes it increasingly important to select traits aimed at enhancing light-use efficiency while withstanding excess light stress. Carotenoids have a crucial role in protecting against photooxidative damage and, thus, represent a promising target for algal domestication. We applied chemical mutagenesis to Chlorella vulgaris and selected for enhanced tolerance to the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon. The NFR (norflurazon-resistant) strains showed an increased carotenoid pool size and enhanced tolerance towards photooxidative stress. Growth under excess light revealed an improved carbon assimilation rate of NFR strains with respect to WT. We conclude that domestication of Chlorella vulgaris, by optimizing both carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio and resistance to photooxidative stress, boosted light-to-biomass conversion efficiency under high light conditions typical of photobioreactors. Comparison with strains previously reported for enhanced tolerance to singlet oxygen, reveals that ROS resistance in Chlorella is promoted by at least two independent mechanisms, only one of which is carotenoid-dependent.
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Lima S, Schulze PSC, Schüler LM, Rautenberger R, Morales-Sánchez D, Santos TF, Pereira H, Varela JCS, Scargiali F, Wijffels RH, Kiron V. Flashing light emitting diodes (LEDs) induce proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments in three microalgae. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:15-24. [PMID: 33245925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the periodic emission of light pulses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) is known to stimulate growth or induce high value biocompounds in microalgae, this flashing light regime was tested on growth and biochemical composition of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana, Koliella antarctica and Tetraselmis chui. At low flashing light frequencies (e.g., 5 and 50 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05), a strain-dependent growth inhibition and an accumulation of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll or carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin) was observed. In addition, a 4-day application of low-frequency flashing light to concentrated cultures increased productivities of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and specific carotenoids up to three-fold compared to continuous or high frequency flashing light (500 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05). Therefore, applying low-frequency flashing light as finishing step in industrial production can increase protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids or pigment contents in biomass, leading to high-value algal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Lisa M Schüler
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Tamára F Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C S Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Scargiali
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - René H Wijffels
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway.
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Effect of Drying Methods on Lutein Content and Recovery by Supercritical Extraction from the Microalga Muriellopsis sp. (MCH35) Cultivated in the Arid North of Chile. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110528. [PMID: 33114504 PMCID: PMC7692189 DOI: 10.3390/md18110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of drying on extraction kinetics, yield, and lutein content and recovery of the microalga Muriellopsis sp. (MCH35) using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process. The strain was cultivated in an open-raceways reactor in the presence of seawater culture media and arid outdoor conditions in the north of Chile. Spray-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD) techniques were used for dehydrating the microalgal biomass. Extraction experiments were performed by using Box-Behnken designs, and the parameters were studied: pressure (30–50 MPa), temperature (40–70 °C), and co-solvent (0–30% ethanol), with a CO2 flow rate of 3.62 g/min for 60 min. Spline linear model was applied in the central point of the experimental design to obtain an overall extraction curve and to reveal extraction kinetics involved in the SFE process. A significant increase in all variables was observed when the level of ethanol (15–30% v/v) was increased. However, temperature and pressure were non-significant parameters in the SFE process. The FD method showed an increase in lutein content and recovery by 0.3–2.5-fold more than the SD method. Overall, Muriellopsis sp. (MCH35) is a potential candidate for cost-effective lutein production, especially in desert areas and for different biotechnological applications.
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Spectroradiometric detection of competitor diatoms and the grazer Poteriochromonas in algal cultures. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yang H, Hu C. Regulation and remodeling of intermediate metabolite and membrane lipid during NaCl-induced stress in freshwater microalga Micractinium sp. XJ-2 for biofuel production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3727-3738. [PMID: 32749671 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae can accumulate a large fraction of reduced carbon as lipids under NaCl stress. This study investigated the mechanism of carbon allocation and reduction and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in microalgae under NaCl-induced stress. Micractinium sp. XJ-2 was exposed to NaCl stress and cells were subjected to physiological, biochemical, and metabolic analyses to elucidate the stress-responsive mechanism. Lipid increased with NaCl concentration after 0-12 hr, then stabilized after 12-48 hr, and finally decreased after 48-72 hr, whereas TAG increased (0-48 hr) and then decreased (48-72 hr). Under NaCl-induced stress at lower concentrations, TAG accumulation, at first, mainly shown to rely on the carbon fixation through photosynthetic fixation, carbohydrate degradation, and membrane lipids remodeling. Moreover, carbon compounds generated by the degradation of some amino acids were reallocated and enhanced fatty acid synthesis. The remodeling of the membrane lipids of NaCl-induced microalgae relied on the following processes: (a) Increase in the amount of phospholipids and reduction in the amount of glycolipids and (b) extension of long-chain fatty acids. This study enhances our understanding of TAG production under NaCl stress and thus will provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of NaCl-induced in the microalgal biodiesel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Ding K, Wang N, Huang X, Liao C, Liu S, Yang M, Wang YZ. Enhancing lipid productivity with novel SiO2-modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes in a membrane photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Hwang JH, Maier N. Effects of LED-controlled spatially-averaged light intensity and wavelength on Neochloris oleoabundans growth and lipid composition. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Qiu C, He Y, Huang Z, Li S, Huang J, Wang M, Chen B. Lipid extraction from wet Nannochloropsis biomass via enzyme-assisted three phase partitioning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:381-390. [PMID: 30959375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A green and efficient enzyme assisted three phase partitioning (EA-TPP) process was firstly developed to extract microalgal lipids using wet Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. In the pretreatment of microalgal biomass by four hydrolytic enzymes, TPP obtained a higher TFAs lipid extraction efficiency by cellulase compared with the resting enzymes. After optimization by EA-TPP of the wet disrupted Nannochloropsis biomass (3 g), the maximum TFAs extraction yield (90.40%) was attained at 20% ammonium sulphate, 6-7 pH, 1:2 slurry/tert-butanol ratio and 70 °C for 2 h incubation time and two extraction cycles. Moreover, results also revealed that the lipidic species compositions of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass were greatly related with the EA-TPP parameters. In the laboratory scale for wet disrupted microalgae biomass, EA-TPP process achieved 88.70% TFAs extraction yield under the optimized conditions. In all, EA-TPP process could be a promising approach to extract microalgae lipids for food application using wet microalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyang Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zicheng Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shaofeng Li
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingzi Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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Dall’Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Guardini Z, Barera S, Benedetti M, Mannino G, Maffei ME, Bassi R. Combined resistance to oxidative stress and reduced antenna size enhance light-to-biomass conversion efficiency in Chlorella vulgaris cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:221. [PMID: 31534480 PMCID: PMC6745798 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are efficient producers of lipid-rich biomass, making them a key component in developing a sustainable energy source, and an alternative to fossil fuels. Chlorella species are of special interest because of their fast growth rate in photobioreactors. However, biological constraints still cast a significant gap between the high cost of biofuel and cheap oil, thus hampering perspective of producing CO2-neutral biofuels. A key issue is the inefficient use of light caused by its uneven distribution in the culture that generates photoinhibition of the surface-exposed cells and darkening of the inner layers. Efficient biofuel production, thus, requires domestication, including traits which reduce optical density of cultures and enhance photoprotection. RESULTS We applied two steps of mutagenesis and phenotypic selection to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. First, a pale-green mutant (PG-14) was selected, with a 50% reduction of both chlorophyll content per cell and LHCII complement per PSII, with respect to WT. PG-14 showed a 30% increased photon conversion into biomass efficiency vs. WT. A second step of mutagenesis of PG-14, followed by selection for higher tolerance to Rose Bengal, led to the isolation of pale-green genotypes, exhibiting higher resistance to singlet oxygen (strains SOR). Growth in photobioreactors under high light conditions showed an enhanced biomass production of SOR strains with respect to PG-14. When compared to WT strain, biomass yield of the pale green + sor genotype was enhanced by 68%. CONCLUSIONS Domestication of microalgae like Chlorella vulgaris, by optimizing both light distribution and ROS resistance, yielded an enhanced carbon assimilation rate in photobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dall’Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Guardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Barera
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Manuel Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Unità di Fisiologia Vegetale, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Unità di Fisiologia Vegetale, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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18
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Huete-Ortega M, Okurowska K, Kapoore RV, Johnson MP, Gilmour DJ, Vaidyanathan S. Effect of ammonium and high light intensity on the accumulation of lipids in Nannochloropsis oceanica (CCAP 849/10) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (CCAP 1055/1). BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:60. [PMID: 29541157 PMCID: PMC5844138 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae accumulate lipids when exposed to stressful conditions such as nutrient limitation that can be used to generate biofuels. Nitrogen limitation or deprivation is a strategy widely employed to elicit this response. However, this strategy is associated with a reduction in the microalgal growth, leading to overall poor lipid productivities. Here, we investigated the combined effect of a reduced source of nitrogen (ammonium) and super-saturating light intensities on the growth and induction of lipid accumulation in two model but diverse microalgal species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis oceanica. We hypothesized that the lower energy cost of assimilating ammonium would allow the organisms to use more reductant power for lipid biosynthesis without compromising growth and that this would be further stimulated by the effect of high light (1000 µmol m-2 s-1) stress. We studied the changes in growth and physiology of both species when grown in culture media that either contained nitrate or ammonium as the nitrogen source, and an additional medium that contained ammonium with tungsten in place of molybdenum and compared this with growth in media without nitrogen. We focused our investigation on the early stages of exposure to the treatments to correspond to events relevant to induction of lipid accumulation in these two species. RESULTS At super-saturating light intensities, lipid productivity in P. tricornutum increased twofold when grown in ammonium compared to nitrogen free medium that increased further when tungsten was present in the medium in place of molybdenum. Conversely, N. oceanica growth and physiology was not compromised by the high light intensities used, and the use of ammonium had a negative effect on the lipid productivity, which was even more marked when tungsten was present. CONCLUSIONS Whilst the use of ammonium and super-saturating light intensities in P. tricornutum was revealed to be a good strategy for increasing lipid biosynthesis, no changes in the lipid productivity of N. oceanica were observed, under these conditions. Both results provide relevant direction for the better design of processes to produce biofuels in microalgae by manipulating growth conditions without the need to subject them to genetic engineering manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Huete-Ortega
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarzyna Okurowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - D. James Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK
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19
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Diel oscillation in the optical activity of carotenoids in the absorption spectrum of Nannochloropsis. J Mol Model 2017; 23:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Upadhyay AK, Mandotra SK, Kumar N, Singh NK, Singh L, Rai UN. Augmentation of arsenic enhances lipid yield and defense responses in alga Nannochloropsis sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:430-437. [PMID: 27665531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted with microalga Nannochloropsis sp. to evaluate its tolerance responses and biofuel perspectives under different arsenic regime (0-1000μM As(III)). Results showed that optimal biomass (61.00±3.72mg/L/d) and lipid productivity (20.27mg/L/d) were obtained in culture treated with 100μM As(III) in comparison to other treatments. In addition, fatty acid profile of alga was in accordance with European biodiesel standards (EN 14214), which reflects good oxidative stability of oil. High antioxidants viz., ascorbic acid, GSH and cysteine tolerance responses as well as lipid yield at 100μM As(III), opens a new insight in the field of algal biology. Thus, microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. may be employ in remediation as well as biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Upadhyay
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - S K Mandotra
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - N Kumar
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - N K Singh
- Environmental Science Discipline, Department of Chemistry, Manipal University, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Lav Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - U N Rai
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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21
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Hu X, Zhou J, Liu G, Gui B. Selection of microalgae for high CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:83-91. [PMID: 27521939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO2 fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO2, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO2 fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO2 fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bing Gui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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22
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Safafar H, Hass MZ, Møller P, Holdt SL, Jacobsen C. High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080144. [PMID: 27483291 PMCID: PMC4999905 DOI: 10.3390/md14080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids), tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Safafar
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Michael Z Hass
- Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark.
| | - Per Møller
- Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark.
| | - Susan L Holdt
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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23
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Rai V, Karthikaichamy A, Das D, Noronha S, Wangikar PP, Srivastava S. Multi-omics Frontiers in Algal Research: Techniques and Progress to Explore Biofuels in the Postgenomics World. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:387-99. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Noronha
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod P. Wangikar
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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24
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Kula M, Rys M, Saja D, Tys J, Skoczowski A. Far-red dependent changes in the chemical composition ofSpirulina platensis. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kula
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Cracow Poland
| | - Magdalena Rys
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Cracow Poland
| | - Diana Saja
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Cracow Poland
| | - Jerzy Tys
- The Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Lublin Poland
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25
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Schulze PS, Pereira HG, Santos TF, Schueler L, Guerra R, Barreira LA, Perales JA, Varela JC. Effect of light quality supplied by light emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth and biochemical profiles of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Physiological and biochemical changes reveal stress-associated photosynthetic carbon partitioning into triacylglycerol in the oleaginous marine alga Nannochloropsis oculata. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Minhas AK, Hodgson P, Barrow CJ, Adholeya A. A Review on the Assessment of Stress Conditions for Simultaneous Production of Microalgal Lipids and Carotenoids. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:546. [PMID: 27199903 PMCID: PMC4853371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal species are potential resource of both biofuels and high-value metabolites, and their production is growth dependent. Growth parameters can be screened for the selection of novel microalgal species that produce molecules of interest. In this context our review confirms that, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms have demonstrated a dual potential, namely the ability to produce lipids as well as value-added products (particularly carotenoids) under influence of various physico-chemical stresses on microalgae. Some species of microalgae can synthesize, besides some pigments, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFA,>20C) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, those have significant applications in food and health. Producing value-added by-products in addition to biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and lipids has the potential to improve microalgae-based biorefineries by employing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic mode, which could be an offshoot of biotechnology. The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpreet K. Minhas
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
| | - Peter Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Alok Adholeya
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
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28
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Hounslow E, Noirel J, Gilmour DJ, Wright PC. Lipid quantification techniques for screening oleaginous species of microalgae for biofuel production. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hounslow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; ChELSI Institute; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Josselin Noirel
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; LGBA; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers; Paris France
| | - D. James Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; ChELSI Institute; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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29
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Baulina O, Gorelova O, Solovchenko A, Chivkunova O, Semenova L, Selyakh I, Scherbakov P, Burakova O, Lobakova E. Diversity of the nitrogen starvation responses in subarcticDesmodesmussp. (Chlorophyceae) strains isolated from symbioses with invertebrates. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw031. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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30
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Multi-Wavelength Based Optical Density Sensor for Autonomous Monitoring of Microalgae. SENSORS 2015; 15:22234-48. [PMID: 26364640 PMCID: PMC4610439 DOI: 10.3390/s150922234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A multi-wavelength based optical density sensor unit was designed, developed, and evaluated to monitor microalgae growth in real time. The system consisted of five main components including: (1) laser diode modules as light sources; (2) photodiodes as detectors; (3) driver circuit; (4) flow cell; and (5) sensor housing temperature controller. The sensor unit was designed to be integrated into any microalgae culture system for both real time and non-real time optical density measurements and algae growth monitoring applications. It was shown that the sensor unit was capable of monitoring the dynamics and physiological changes of the microalgae culture in real-time. Algae biomass concentration was accurately estimated with optical density measurements at 650, 685 and 780 nm wavelengths used by the sensor unit. The sensor unit was able to monitor cell concentration as high as 1.05 g·L−1 (1.51 × 108 cells·mL−1) during the culture growth without any sample preparation for the measurements. Since high cell concentrations do not need to be diluted using the sensor unit, the system has the potential to be used in industrial microalgae cultivation systems for real time monitoring and control applications that can lead to improved resource use efficiency.
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31
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Solovchenko A, Gorelova O, Selyakh I, Pogosyan S, Baulina O, Semenova L, Chivkunova O, Voronova E, Konyukhov I, Scherbakov P, Lobakova E. A novel CO 2 -tolerant symbiotic Desmodesmus (Chlorophyceae, Desmodesmaceae): Acclimation to and performance at a high carbon dioxide level. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Havlik I, Scheper T, Reardon KF. Monitoring of Microalgal Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 153:89-142. [PMID: 26289537 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Process monitoring, which can be defined as the measurement of process variables with the smallest possible delay, is combined with process models to form the basis for successful process control. Minimizing the measurement delay leads inevitably to employing online, in situ sensors where possible, preferably using noninvasive measurement methods with stable, low-cost sensors. Microalgal processes have similarities to traditional bioprocesses but also have unique monitoring requirements. In general, variables to be monitored in microalgal processes can be categorized as physical, chemical, and biological, and they are measured in gaseous, liquid, and solid (biological) phases. Physical and chemical process variables can be usually monitored online using standard industrial sensors. The monitoring of biological process variables, however, relies mostly on sensors developed and validated using laboratory-scale systems or uses offline methods because of difficulties in developing suitable online sensors. Here, we review current technologies for online, in situ monitoring of all types of process parameters of microalgal cultivations, with a focus on monitoring of biological parameters. We discuss newly introduced methods for measuring biological parameters that could be possibly adapted for routine online use, should be preferably noninvasive, and are based on approaches that have been proven in other bioprocesses. New sensor types for measuring physicochemical parameters using optical methods or ion-specific field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are also discussed. Reviewed methods with online implementation or online potential include measurement of irradiance, biomass concentration by optical density and image analysis, cell count, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth rate, lipid concentration by infrared spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Future perspectives are discussed, especially in the field of image analysis using in situ microscopy, infrared spectrophotometry, and software sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Havlik
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Tamburic B, Szabó M, Tran NAT, Larkum AWD, Suggett DJ, Ralph PJ. Action spectra of oxygen production and chlorophyll a fluorescence in the green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:320-327. [PMID: 25063974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first complete action spectrum of oxygen evolution and chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured for the biofuel candidate alga Nannochloropsis oculata. A novel analytical procedure was used to generate a representative and reproducible action spectrum for microalgal cultures. The action spectrum was measured at 14 discrete wavelengths across the visible spectrum, at an equivalent photon flux density of 60 μmol photon sm(-2) s(-1). Blue light (∼ 414 nm) was absorbed more efficiently and directed to photosystem II more effectively than red light (∼ 679 nm) at light intensities below the photosaturation limit. Conversion of absorbed photons into photosynthetic oxygen evolution was maximised at 625 nm; however, this maximum is unstable since neighbouring wavelengths (646 nm) resulted in the lowest photosystem II operating efficiency. Identifying the wavelength-dependence of photosynthesis has clear implications to optimising growth efficiency and hence important economic implications to the algal biofuels and bioproducts industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Tamburic
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Milán Szabó
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nhan-An T Tran
- School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony W D Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia; School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
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Coordinated rearrangements of assimilatory and storage cell compartments in a nitrogen-starving symbiotic chlorophyte cultivated under high light. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:181-95. [PMID: 25239707 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative micromorphometric study of the cell compartment rearrangements was performed in a symbiotic chlorophyte Desmodesmus sp. 3Dp86E-1 grown on nitrogen (N) replete or N-free medium under 480 μmol PAR quanta m(-2) s(-1). The changes in the chloroplast, intraplastidial, and cytoplasmic inclusions induced by high light (HL) and N starvation were similar to those characteristic of free-living chlorophytes. The N-sufficient culture responded to HL by a transient swelling of the thylakoid lumen and a decline in photosynthetic efficiency followed by its recovery. In the N-starving cells, a more rapid expansion and thylakoid swelling occurred along with the irreversible decline in the photosynthetic efficiency. Differential induction of starch grains, oil bodies, and cell wall polysaccharides depending on the stress exposure and type was recorded. Tight relationships between the changes in the assimilatory and storage compartments in the stressed Desmodesmus sp. cells were revealed.
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Reichardt TA, Collins AM, McBride RC, Behnke CA, Timlin JA. Spectroradiometric monitoring for open outdoor culturing of algae and cyanobacteria. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:F31-F45. [PMID: 25321139 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000f31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We assess the measurement of hyperspectral reflectance for outdoor monitoring of green algae and cyanobacteria cultures with a multichannel, fiber-coupled spectroradiometer. Reflectance data acquired over a 4-week period are interpreted via numerical inversion of a reflectance model, in which the above-water reflectance is expressed as a quadratic function of the single backscattering albedo, which is dependent on the absorption and backscatter coefficients. The absorption coefficient is treated as the sum of component spectra consisting of the cultured species (green algae or cyanobacteria), dissolved organic matter, and water (including the temperature dependence of the water absorption spectrum). The backscatter coefficient is approximated as the scaled Hilbert transform of the culture absorption spectrum with a wavelength-independent vertical offset. Additional terms in the reflectance model account for the pigment fluorescence features and the water-surface reflection of sunlight and skylight. For the green algae and cyanobacteria, the wavelength-independent vertical offset of the backscatter coefficient is found to scale linearly with daily dry weight measurements, providing the capability for a nonsampling measurement of biomass in outdoor ponds. Other fitting parameters in the reflectance model are compared with auxiliary measurements and physics-based calculations. The model-derived magnitudes of sunlight and skylight water-surface reflections compare favorably with Fresnel reflectance calculations, while the model-derived quantum efficiency of Chl-a fluorescence is found to be in agreement with literature values. Finally, the water temperatures derived from the reflectance model exhibit excellent agreement with thermocouple measurements during the morning hours but correspond to significantly elevated temperatures in the afternoon hours.
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Howell C, Vu TL, Lin JJ, Kolle S, Juthani N, Watson E, Weaver JC, Alvarenga J, Aizenberg J. Self-replenishing vascularized fouling-release surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13299-307. [PMID: 25006681 DOI: 10.1021/am503150y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the long-term effectiveness of living antifouling materials, we have developed a method for the self-replenishment of synthetic biofouling-release surfaces. These surfaces are created by either molding or directly embedding 3D vascular systems into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and filling them with a silicone oil to generate a nontoxic oil-infused material. When replenished with silicone oil from an outside source, these materials are capable of self-lubrication and continuous renewal of the interfacial fouling-release layer. Under accelerated lubricant loss conditions, fully infused vascularized samples retained significantly more lubricant than equivalent nonvascularized controls. Tests of lubricant-infused PDMS in static cultures of the infectious bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as the green microalgae Botryococcus braunii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina, and Nannochloropsis oculata showed a significant reduction in biofilm adhesion compared to PDMS and glass controls containing no lubricant. Further experiments on vascularized versus nonvascularized samples that had been subjected to accelerated lubricant evaporation conditions for up to 48 h showed significantly less biofilm adherence on the vascularized surfaces. These results demonstrate the ability of an embedded lubricant-filled vascular network to improve the longevity of fouling-release surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Howell
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering , 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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37
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Solovchenko A, Lukyanov A, Solovchenko O, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. Interactive effects of salinity, high light, and nitrogen starvation on fatty acid and carotenoid profiles inNannochloropsis oceanicaCCALA 804. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Lukyanov
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede-Boker Campus Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede-Boker Campus Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede-Boker Campus Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
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38
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Solovchenko AE, Lukyanov AA, Vasilieva SG, Savanina YV, Solovchenko OV, Lobakova ES. Possibilities of bioconversion of agricultural waste with the use of microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392514010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Santos AM, Wijffels RH, Lamers PP. pH-upshock yields more lipids in nitrogen-starved Neochloris oleoabundans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:299-306. [PMID: 24296123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the influence of alkaline pH and light intensity on the performance of Neochloris oleoabundans in two-stage batch cultivation: a first stage for nitrogen-sufficient growth followed by a second stage for lipid accumulation under nitrogen starvation. The highest TAG yield on absorbed light was obtained at low light conditions when pre-cultivation occurred at pH 8 and lipid accumulation was induced at pH 10. However, a higher alkaline pH by itself appears not to enhance the starvation-induced increase in lipid contents, except when combined with high light and pre-cultivation occurs at those same conditions. Such strategy however also results in low biomass and TAG yields on absorbed light. Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that the relative fatty acid contents of the TAG pool are nevertheless independent from the light intensity and pH applied at either cultivation stage, suggesting a high specificity of N. oleoabundans cell machinery towards TAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Santos
- Wetsus - Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P P Lamers
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Mayers JJ, Flynn KJ, Shields RJ. Rapid determination of bulk microalgal biochemical composition by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:215-20. [PMID: 24050924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of bulk biochemical composition is a key in fundamental and applied studies of microalgae and is essential to understanding responses to different cultivation scenarios. Traditional biochemical methods for the quantification of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are often time-consuming, often involve hazardous reagents, require significant amounts of biomass and are highly dependent on practitioner proficiency. This study presents a rapid and non-destructive method, utilising Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the simultaneous determination of lipid, protein and carbohydrate content in microalgal biomass. A simple univariate regression was applied to sets of reference microalgal spectra of known composition and recognised IR peak integrals. A robust single-species model was constructed, with coefficients of determination r(2)>0.95, high predictive accuracy and relative errors below 5%. The applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by monitoring the time-resolved changes in biochemical composition of the marine alga Nannochloropsis sp. grown to nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Mayers
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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41
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Lee TH, Chang JS, Wang HY. Current developments in high-throughput analysis for microalgae cellular contents. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1301-14. [PMID: 24123972 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels and bio-based chemical production. However, due to the lack of effective tools enabling rapid and high-throughput analysis of the content of microalgae biomass, the efficiency of screening and identification of microalgae with desired functional components from the natural environment is usually quite low. Moreover, the real-time monitoring of the production of target components from microalgae is also difficult. Recently, research efforts focusing on overcoming this limitation have started. In this review, the recent development of high-throughput methods for analyzing microalgae cellular contents is summarized. The future prospects and impacts of these detection methods in microalgae-related processing and industries are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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42
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Pal D, Khozin-Goldberg I, Didi-Cohen S, Solovchenko A, Batushansky A, Kaye Y, Sikron N, Samani T, Fait A, Boussiba S. Growth, lipid production and metabolic adjustments in the euryhaline eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica CCALA 804 in response to osmotic downshift. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8291-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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On-line monitoring of large cultivations of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:406-14. [PMID: 23707058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Large cultivations of microalgae will benefit from on-line monitoring to achieve process control and improved productivity. This monitoring requires reliable sensors for on-line, in situ measurement of both physicochemical and biological process variables. Although standard industrial sensors can be used for many physicochemical variables, monitoring methods for most biological quantities rely on sensors that are currently suitable only for laboratory scale or off-line use. Here, we review these methods and discuss new approaches that could be adapted. We suggest that these new methods should be noninvasive and based on approaches that have already been applied to other bioprocesses; examples discussed here are in situ microscopy, flow cytometry (FC), IR spectroscopy, and software sensors.
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Yao CH, Ai JN, Cao XP, Xue S. Characterization of cell growth and starch production in the marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under extracellular phosphorus-deprived and sequentially phosphorus-replete conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6099-110. [PMID: 23685550 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal starch is a potential feedstock for biofuel production. Nutrient stress is widely used to stimulate starch accumulation in microalgae. Cell growth and starch accumulation in the marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis were evaluated under extracellular phosphorus deprivation with initial cell densities (ICD) of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0×10⁶ cells mL⁻¹. The intracellular stored phosphorus supported cell growth when extracellular phosphorus was absent. The maximum starch content of 44.1% was achieved in the lowest ICD culture, while the maximum biomass productivity of 0.71 g L⁻¹ day⁻¹, starch concentration of 1.6 g L⁻¹, and starch productivity of 0.30 g L⁻¹ day⁻¹ were all obtained in the culture with the ICD of 3.0×10⁶ cells mL⁻¹. Appropriate ICD could be used to regulate the intracellular phosphorus concentration and maintain adequate photosynthetic activity to achieve the highest starch productivity, along with biomass and starch concentration. The recovery of phosphorus-deprived T. subcordiformis in medium containing 0.5, 1.0, or 6.0 mM KH₂PO₄ was also tested. Cell growth and starch accumulation ability could be recovered completely. A phosphorus pool in T. subcordiformis was shown to manipulate its metabolic activity under different environmental phosphorus availability. Though lower starch productivity and starch content were achieved under phosphorus deprivation compared with nitrogen- or sulfur-deprived conditions, the higher biomass and starch concentration make T. subcordiformis a good candidate for biomass and starch production under extracellular phosphorus deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Yao
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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45
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Taylor RL, Rand JD, Caldwell GS. Treatment with algae extracts promotes flocculation, and enhances growth and neutral lipid content in Nannochloropsis oculata--a candidate for biofuel production. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:774-781. [PMID: 22527265 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae represent a potentially valuable feedstock for biofuel production; however, large-scale production is not yet economically viable. Optimisation of productivity and lipid yields is required and the cost of biomass harvesting and dewatering must be significantly reduced. Microalgae produce a wide variety of biologically active metabolites, many of which are involved in inter- and intra-specific interactions (the so-called infochemicals). The majority of infochemicals remain unidentified or uncharacterised. Here, we apply known and candidate (undefined extracts) infochemicals as a potential means to manipulate the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis oculata-a prospective species for biofuel production. Five known infochemicals (β-cyclocitral, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, hydrogen peroxide, norharman and tryptamine) and crude extracts prepared from Skeletonema marinoi and Dunaliella salina cultures at different growth stages were assayed for impacts on N. oculata over 24 h. The neutral lipid content of N. oculata increased significantly with exposure to three infochemicals (β-cyclocitral, decadienal and norharman); however the effective concentrations affected a significant decrease in growth. Exposure to particular crude extracts significantly increased both growth and neutral lipid levels. In addition, water-soluble extracts of senescent S. marinoi cultures induced a degree of flocculation in the N. oculata. These preliminary results indicate that artificial manipulation of N. oculata cultures by application of algae infochemicals could provide a valuable tool towards achieving economically viable large-scale algae biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Taylor
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
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46
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Davey PT, Hiscox WC, Lucker BF, O'Fallon JV, Chen S, Helms GL. Rapid triacylglyceride detection and quantification in live micro-algal cultures via liquid state 1H NMR. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Gorelova OA, Baulina OI, Solovchenko AE, Fedorenko TA, Kravtsova TR, Chivkunova OB, Koksharova OA, Lobakova ES. Green microalgae isolated from associations with white sea invertebrates. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171204008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Cao S, Zhang X, Ye N, Fan X, Mou S, Xu D, Liang C, Wang Y, Wang W. Evaluation of putative internal reference genes for gene expression normalization in Nannochloropsis sp. by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:118-23. [PMID: 22732401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), a sensitive technique for quantifying gene expression, depends on the stability of the reference gene(s) used for data normalization. To date, few studies on reference genes have been undertaken for Nannochloropsis sp. In this study, 12 potential reference genes were evaluated for their expression stability using the geNorm and NormFinder statistical algorithms by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the best reference genes differed depending on the treatments: different light intensities (DL), the diurnal cycle (DC), high light intensity (HL) and low temperature treatments (LT). A combination of ACT1, ACT2 and TUA would be appropriate as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data across all the treatments. ACT2 showed the most stable expression across all tested samples but was not the most stable one for individual treatments. Though 18S showed the least stable expression considering all tested samples, it is the most stable one for LT using geNorm. The expression of Lhc confirmed that the appropriate reference genes are crucial. These results provide a foundation for more accurate use of RT-qPCR under different experimental conditions in Nannochloropsis sp. gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Cao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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49
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Sforza E, Simionato D, Giacometti GM, Bertucco A, Morosinotto T. Adjusted light and dark cycles can optimize photosynthetic efficiency in algae growing in photobioreactors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38975. [PMID: 22745696 PMCID: PMC3380057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofuels from algae are highly interesting as renewable energy sources to replace, at least partially, fossil fuels, but great research efforts are still needed to optimize growth parameters to develop competitive large-scale cultivation systems. One factor with a seminal influence on productivity is light availability. Light energy fully supports algal growth, but it leads to oxidative stress if illumination is in excess. In this work, the influence of light intensity on the growth and lipid productivity of Nannochloropsis salina was investigated in a flat-bed photobioreactor designed to minimize cells self-shading. The influence of various light intensities was studied with both continuous illumination and alternation of light and dark cycles at various frequencies, which mimic illumination variations in a photobioreactor due to mixing. Results show that Nannochloropsis can efficiently exploit even very intense light, provided that dark cycles occur to allow for re-oxidation of the electron transporters of the photosynthetic apparatus. If alternation of light and dark is not optimal, algae undergo radiation damage and photosynthetic productivity is greatly reduced. Our results demonstrate that, in a photobioreactor for the cultivation of algae, optimizing mixing is essential in order to ensure that the algae exploit light energy efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sforza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diana Simionato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bertucco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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50
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Reichardt TA, Collins AM, Garcia OF, Ruffing AM, Jones HD, Timlin JA. Spectroradiometric Monitoring of Nannochloropsis salina Growth. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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