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Rodziewicz A, Szewczyk A, Bryl E. Gluten-Free Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Nutrients 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38474814 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Diet has a critical impact on the gut microbiome, and it has been shown that a gluten-free diet can negatively affect its composition. A gluten-free diet is popular among patients, and therefore the aim of this study was to check whether it affects thyroid function and gut microbiome composition in AIT. Thirty-one women with AIT complied with a gluten-free diet for 8 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, participants were divided into two groups: the first group received gluten in capsules and the other one-rice starch (placebo). Blood and stool samples were examined before diet (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 8 weeks of diet (T2). The only significant difference in blood parameters was observed between T1 and T2 in the placebo group for the thyroid peroxidase antibody level. After the first 4 weeks, a significant increase in Desulfobacterota, Proteobacteria, Prevotella and Parasutterella and a significant decrease in Actinobacteriota, Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium were observed. The detected microbiome alterations may indicate increasing inflammation; however, further research is required, and for now, a gluten-free diet should be used cautiously in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rodziewicz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kim HY, Jung YS, Park W, Choi YJ, Kim JY. Can medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw be attributed to specific microorganisms through oral microbiota analyses? A preliminary study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38302952 PMCID: PMC10832156 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) can cause significant pain and loss of aesthetics and function if not treated properly. However, diagnosis still relies on detailed intraoral examinations and imaging. Prognosis varies even among patients with similar stages or conditions of MRONJ, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of its complex mechanisms. Thus, this study aimed to identify the oral microbiota of patients with MRONJ. METHODS This single-center prospective cohort study included patients with confirmed MRONJ who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Yonsei University Dental Hospital between 2021 and 2022. Oral swab samples were collected from the affected and unaffected sides of each patient. The composition and enumeration of the microbial communities were analyzed, and the diversity was compared to verify ecological changes in the groups using a next-generation sequencing-based 16S metagenomic analysis. A statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS version 22, and values of P less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The final study sample included 12 patients. The mean age was 82.67 ± 5.73 (range, 72-90) years. Changes in microbial composition were observed at different taxonomic levels (phylum, genus, and species). The identified microorganisms were commonly associated with periodontitis, gingival disease, and endodontic infection, suggesting a multifactorial etiology of MRONJ. CONCLUSIONS Although this study is based on a small number of cases, it shows that MRONJ is not caused by a specific microorganism but can rather be caused by a variety of factors. By addressing these findings in large-scale studies, the significance of oral microbiome in pathogenesis can be further elucidated and can facilitate the development of effective therapeutic interventions for patients with MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonse Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Na HS, Jung NY, Song Y, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Chung J. A distinctive subgingival microbiome in patients with periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease compared with cognitively unimpaired periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:43-53. [PMID: 37853506 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is caused by dysbiosis of oral microbes and is associated with increased cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recently, a potential functional link was proposed between oral microbes and AD. We compared the oral microbiomes of patients with or without AD to evaluate the association between oral microbes and AD in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis patients with AD (n = 15) and cognitively unimpaired periodontitis patients (CU) (n = 14) were recruited for this study. Each patient underwent an oral examination and neuropsychological evaluation. Buccal, supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected, and microbiomes were analysed by next-generation sequencing. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, linear discriminant analysis effect size, analysis of variance-like differential expression analysis and network analysis were used to compare group oral microbiomes. RESULTS All 29 participants had moderate to severe periodontitis. Group buccal and supragingival samples were indistinguishable, but subgingival samples demonstrated significant alpha and beta diversity differences. Differential analysis showed subgingival samples of the AD group had higher prevalence of Atopobium rimae, Dialister pneumosintes, Olsenella sp. HMT 807, Saccharibacteria (TM7) sp. HMT 348 and several species of Prevotella than the CU group. Furthermore, subgingival microbiome network analysis revealed a distinct, closely connected network in the AD group comprised of various Prevotella spp. and several anaerobic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS A unique microbial composition was discovered in the subgingival region in the AD group. Specifically, potential periodontal pathogens were found to be more prevalent in the subgingival plaque samples of the AD group. These bacteria may possess a potential to worsen periodontitis and other systemic diseases. We recommend that AD patients receive regular, careful dental check-ups to ensure proper oral hygiene management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Cornejo Ulloa P, van der Veen MH, Brandt BW, Buijs MJ, Krom BP. The effect of sex steroid hormones on the ecology of in vitro oral biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 6:100139. [PMID: 37621393 PMCID: PMC10447177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones (SSH) such as oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone are cholesterol derived molecules that regulate various physiological processes. They are present in both blood and saliva, where they come in contact with oral tissues and oral microorganisms. Several studies have confirmed the effect of these hormones on different periodontal-disease-associated bacteria, using single-species models. Bacteria can metabolize SSH, use them as alternative for vitamin K and also use them to induce the expression of virulence factors. However, it is still unclear what the effects of SSH are on the oral microbiome. In this study, we investigated the effects of four SSH on commensal in vitro oral biofilms. Saliva-derived oral biofilms were grown in Mc Bain medium without serum or menadione using the Amsterdam Active-Attachment model. After initial attachment in absence of SSH, the biofilms were grown in medium containing either oestradiol, oestriol, progesterone or testosterone at a 100-fold physiological concentration. Menadione or ethanol were included as positive control and negative control, respectively. After 12 days with daily medium refreshments, biofilm formation, biofilm red fluorescence and microbial composition were determined. The supernatants were tested for proteolytic activity using the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis (FRET). No significant differences were found in biofilm formation, red fluorescence or microbial composition in any of the tested groups. Samples grown in presence of progesterone and oestradiol showed proteolytic activity comparable to biofilms supplemented with menadione. In contrast, testosterone and oestriol showed a decreased proteolytic activity compared to biofilms grown in presence of menadione. None of the tested SSH had large effects on the ecology of in vitro oral biofilms, therefore a direct translation of our results into in vivo effects is not possible. Future experiments should include other host factors such as oral tissues, immune cells and combinations of SSH as present in saliva, in order to have a more accurate picture of the phenomena taking place in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique H. van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ling Z, Cheng Y, Liu X, Yan X, Wu L, Shao L, Gao J, Lei W, Song Q, Zhao L, Jin G. Altered oral microbiota and immune dysfunction in Chinese elderly patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 38071192 PMCID: PMC10710460 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorder with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis. Increasing evidence has recognized the key role of the gut microbiota in SZ. However, few studies have investigated the potential link between oral microbiota and SZ. We studied the tongue coating microbiota and inflammatory profiles of 118 elderly SZ patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and multiplex immunoassays, respectively. Reduced α-diversity, along with a significant difference in β-diversity, were observed in patients with SZ. We have identified SZ-associated oral dysbiosis, characterized by increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium, as well as decreased Prevotella and Veillonella. These differential genera could potentially serve as biomarkers for SZ, either alone or in combination. Additionally, an elevated Streptococcus/Prevotella ratio could indicate oral dysbiosis. These differential genera formed two distinct clusters: Streptococcus-dominated and Prevotella-dominated, which exhibited different correlations with the altered immunological profiles. Furthermore, we also observed disruptions in the inferred microbiota functions in SZ-associated microbiota, particularly in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Our study provides novel insights into the characteristics of tongue coating microbiota and its associations with immunological disturbances in elderly SZ patients, which offer new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of SZ in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingbin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310015, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Lei
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
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Ye Z, He J, Ji H, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhou K, Liu H. Case report: isolated prevotella intermedia causing intracranial infection detected using metagenomic next generation sequencing. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37872501 PMCID: PMC10591364 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated Prevotella intermedia, a rare gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium, is rarely detected in clinical practice. It has been associated with infections of the oral cavity and female genital tract, but has never been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients in China. Accurate detection of causative pathogens is still an arduous task owing to the difficult conditions of anaerobic bacterial culture. Isolated Prevotella intermedia can be detected by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) of the CSF. Correct diagnosis and antibiotic treatment can help patients avoid life-threatening events. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we describe the case of a 64-year-old Chinese woman who presented with typical features of meningoencephalitis. Routine CSF culture failed to identify the causative pathogen. Isolated Prevotella intermedia was detected by mNGS, and the patient was treated with antibacterial agents including ceftriaxone, vancomycin, moxifloxacin, meropenem, metronidazole, and linezolid. The patient underwent surgical treatment for abscess of left frontal parietal lobe, which was observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was suspected to be caused by Prevotella intermedia. It was further confirmed that it was a secondary infection from the oral cavity, and the possible etiology might have been dental surgery. Treatment was rendered to the patient based on metagenomic test result, and her condition improved after two months. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the role of mNGS in accurate diagnosis of patients with central nervous system infection. In particular, mNGS can be used to identify rare pathogens and confirm the diagnosis in patients with unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinfeng He
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailong Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, No. 381 of East Zhongshan Road, Jiaojiang District, 318000, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Taizhou University, No. 381 of East Zhongshan Road, Jiaojiang District, 318000, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.5, Three lanes East Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi Province, China.
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7
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Khan A, Sohail S, Yaseen S, Fatima S, Wisal A, Ahmed S, Nasir M, Irfan M, Karim A, Basharat Z, Khan Y, Aurongzeb M, Raza SK, Alshahrani MY, Morel CM, Hassan SS. Exploring and targeting potential druggable antimicrobial resistance targets ArgS, SecY, and MurA in Staphylococcus sciuri with TCM inhibitors through a subtractive genomics strategy. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37495774 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus sciuri (also currently Mammaliicoccus sciuri) are anaerobic facultative and non-motile bacteria that cause significant human pathogenesis such as endocarditis, wound infections, peritonitis, UTI, and septic shock. Methicillin-resistant S. sciuri (MRSS) strains also infects animals that include healthy broilers, cattle, dogs, and pigs. The emergence of MRSS strains thereby poses a serious health threat and thrives the scientific community towards novel treatment options. Herein, we investigated the druggable genome of S. sciuri by employing subtractive genomics that resulted in seven genes/proteins where only three of them were predicted as final targets. Further mining the literature showed that the ArgS (WP_058610923), SecY (WP_058611897), and MurA (WP_058612677) are involved in the multi-drug resistance phenomenon. After constructing and verifying the 3D protein homology models, a screening process was carried out using a library of Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds (consisting of 36,043 compounds). The molecular docking and simulation studies revealed the physicochemical stability parameters of the docked TCM inhibitors in the druggable cavities of each protein target by identifying their druggability potential and maximum hydrogen bonding interactions. The simulated receptor-ligand complexes showed the conformational changes and stability index of the secondary structure elements. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) graph showed fluctuations due to structural changes in the helix-coil-helix and beta-turn-beta changes at specific points where the pattern of the RMSD and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) (< 1.0 Å) support any major domain shifts within the structural framework of the protein-ligand complex and placement of ligand was well complemented within the binding site. The β-factor values demonstrated instability at few points while the radius of gyration for structural compactness as a time function for the 100-ns simulation of protein-ligand complexes showed favorable average values and denoted the stability of all complexes. It is assumed that such findings might facilitate researchers to robustly discover and develop effective therapeutics against S. sciuri alongside other enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafareen Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Saman Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Seerat Yaseen
- Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sareen Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Wisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sufyan Ahmed
- Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh Nasir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS-PCMD), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS-PCMD), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asad Karim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS-PCMD), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Alpha Genomics (Private) Limited, Islamabad, 44710, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS-PCMD), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aurongzeb
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kashif Raza
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences (FRAHS), Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Morel
- Centre for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Building "Expansão", 8Th Floor Room 814, Av. Brasil 4036 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil.
| | - Syed S Hassan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS-PCMD), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Centre for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Building "Expansão", 8Th Floor Room 814, Av. Brasil 4036 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil.
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8
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Dwivedi-Yu JA, Oppler ZJ, Mitchell MW, Song YS, Brisson D. A fast machine-learning-guided primer design pipeline for selective whole genome amplification. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010137. [PMID: 37068103 PMCID: PMC10138271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing many of the major outstanding questions in the fields of microbial evolution and pathogenesis will require analyses of populations of microbial genomes. Although population genomic studies provide the analytical resolution to investigate evolutionary and mechanistic processes at fine spatial and temporal scales-precisely the scales at which these processes occur-microbial population genomic research is currently hindered by the practicalities of obtaining sufficient quantities of the relatively pure microbial genomic DNA necessary for next-generation sequencing. Here we present swga2.0, an optimized and parallelized pipeline to design selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) primer sets. Unlike previous methods, swga2.0 incorporates active and machine learning methods to evaluate the amplification efficacy of individual primers and primer sets. Additionally, swga2.0 optimizes primer set search and evaluation strategies, including parallelization at each stage of the pipeline, to dramatically decrease program runtime. Here we describe the swga2.0 pipeline, including the empirical data used to identify primer and primer set characteristics, that improve amplification performance. Additionally, we evaluate the novel swga2.0 pipeline by designing primer sets that successfully amplify Prevotella melaninogenica, an important component of the lung microbiome in cystic fibrosis patients, from samples dominated by human DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Dwivedi-Yu
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Facebook AI Research, 1 Rathbone Square, London, England
| | - Zachary J. Oppler
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yun S. Song
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Dustin Brisson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Kedlaya MN, Puzhankara L, Prasad R, Raj A. Periodontal Disease Pathogens, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics: The CRISPR-Cas Effect. CRISPR J 2023; 6:90-98. [PMID: 36939849 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an immune-inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, which results in progressive destruction of the hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The primary etiological factor for this disease is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria face antagonistic conditions and foreign DNA components during the infection stage and depend on defense mechanisms such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas to counter them. Virulence genes regulated by the CRISPR-Cas system are often expressed by bacteria as part of the stress response to the presence of stress conditions and foreign elements. There is ever-growing evidence regarding the role of CRISPR-Cas in virulence of periodontal pathogens. The same CRISPR-Cas system may also be targeted to reduce bacterial virulence and it may also be utilized to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for prevention and control of PD progression. This review article describes the CRISPR-Cas systems in the periodontal dysbiotic microbial communities, their role in the virulence of periodontal pathogens, and their potential role in understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rohit Prasad
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akshatha Raj
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Morrison AG, Sarkar S, Umar S, Lee STM, Thomas SM. The Contribution of the Human Oral Microbiome to Oral Disease: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:318. [PMID: 36838283 PMCID: PMC9962706 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is an emerging field that has been a topic of discussion since the development of next generation sequencing and the implementation of the human microbiome project. This article reviews the current literature surrounding the oral microbiome, briefly highlighting most recent methods of microbiome characterization including cutting edge omics, databases for the microbiome, and areas with current gaps in knowledge. This article also describes reports on microorganisms contained in the oral microbiome which include viruses, archaea, fungi, and bacteria, and provides an in-depth analysis of their significant roles in tissue homeostasis. Finally, we detail key bacteria involved in oral disease, including oral cancer, and the current research surrounding their role in stimulation of inflammatory cytokines, the role of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal disease, the creation of a network of interactions between microorganisms, the influence of the planktonic microbiome and cospecies biofilms, and the implications of antibiotic resistance. This paper provides a comprehensive literature analysis while also identifying gaps in knowledge to enable future studies to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gregory Morrison
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Soumyadev Sarkar
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of General Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sonny T. M. Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- 1717 Claflin Road, 136 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Departments of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- 3901 Rainbow Blvd., 4031 Wahl Hall East, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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11
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Li X, Zhao K, Chen J, Ni Z, Yu Z, Hu L, Qin Y, Zhao J, Peng W, Lu L, Gao X, Sun H. Diurnal changes of the oral microbiome in patients with alcohol dependence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1068908. [PMID: 36579346 PMCID: PMC9791055 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva secretion and oral microbiota change in rhythm with our biological clock. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and alcohol consumption have a two-way interactive impact, but little is known about whether the oral microbiome undergoes diurnal changes in composition and function during the daytime in patients with alcohol dependence (AD). Methods The impact of alcohol consumption on the diurnal salivary microbiome was examined in a case-control study of 32 AD patients and 21 healthy control (HC) subjects. We tested the changes in microbial composition and individual taxon abundance by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The present study is the first report showing that alcohol consumption enhanced the richness of the salivary microbiome and lowered the evenness. The composition of the oral microbiota changed significantly in alcohol-dependent patients. Additionally, certain genera were enriched in the AD group, including Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Sphaerochaeta and Cyanobacteria, all of which have pathogenic effects on the host. There is a correlation between liver enzymes and oral microbiota. KEGG function analysis also showed obvious alterations during the daytime. Conclusion Alcohol drinking influences diurnal changes in the oral microbiota, leading to flora disturbance and related functional impairment. In particular, the diurnal changes of the oral microbiota may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kangqing Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhoulong Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lingming Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Addiction Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xuejiao Gao, ; Hongqiang Sun,
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xuejiao Gao, ; Hongqiang Sun,
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12
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Comparative genomics reveals the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides nordii. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105811. [PMID: 36183960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides nordii, is an understudied member of the pathogenic B. fragilis group which comprises several multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Thus, it is of great interest to study the genome biology of Bacteroides nordii. However, no detailed study is available that characterized B. nordii at the genetic level and explored its role as a potential pathogen. We isolated an MDR strain viz., B. nordii PGMM4098 from the pus sample and subjected it to whole genome sequencing using Illumina technology. The draft genome was de-novo assembled and annotated, followed by comprehensive comparative genomics analyses using the publicly available genome dataset of B. nordii. The pan-genome analysis revealed the open nature of B. nordii, indicating the continuous accumulation of novel genes in non-core components leading to the emergence of new strains of this species. The thirteen antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes identified in the genomes of all B. nordii strains were part of the non-core component of the pan-genome. Of these, four AMR genes, nimE, aadS, mef(En2), and ermB/F/G were found to be acquired via the process of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from anaerobic Bacteroidetes. Importantly, the nimE gene conferring metronidazole resistance was found to be present only in B. nordii PGMM4098, which harbors five other AMR genes encoded in its genome. Of these, nimE (metronidazole resistance), ermB/F/G (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance), and cfxA2/A3 (class A β-lactam resistance) genes were further validated using targeted polymerase chain reaction assay. Notably, these three genes were also found to be under the operation of positive selective pressure suggesting the diversification of these genes, which might lead to the emergence of new MDR strains of B. nordii in the near future. Our study reported and characterized the genome of the first MDR strain of B. nordii and revealed the AMR evolution in this species using a comprehensive comparative genomics approach.
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13
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Malik A, Mahajan N, Dar TA, Kim CB. C10Pred: A First Machine Learning Based Tool to Predict C10 Family Cysteine Peptidases Using Sequence-Derived Features. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179518. [PMID: 36076915 PMCID: PMC9455582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A Streptococcus (GAS), a gram-positive bacterium, is implicated in a wide range of clinical manifestations and life-threatening diseases. One of the key virulence factors of GAS is streptopain, a C10 family cysteine peptidase. Since its discovery, various homologs of streptopain have been reported from other bacterial species. With the increased affordability of sequencing, a significant increase in the number of potential C10 family-like sequences in the public databases is anticipated, posing a challenge in classifying such sequences. Sequence-similarity-based tools are the methods of choice to identify such streptopain-like sequences. However, these methods depend on some level of sequence similarity between the existing C10 family and the target sequences. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel predictor, C10Pred, for the prediction of C10 peptidases using sequence-derived optimal features. C10Pred is a support vector machine (SVM) based model which is efficient in predicting C10 enzymes with an overall accuracy of 92.7% and Matthews’ correlation coefficient (MCC) value of 0.855 when tested on an independent dataset. We anticipate that C10Pred will serve as a handy tool to classify novel streptopain-like proteins belonging to the C10 family and offer essential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Malik
- Institute of Intelligence Informatics Technology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.-B.K.)
| | - Nitin Mahajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.-B.K.)
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14
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Sharma G, Garg N, Hasan S, Shirodkar S. Prevotella: An insight into its characteristics and associated virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105673. [PMID: 35843443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella species, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, is commonly associated with human infections such as dental caries and periodontitis, as well as other conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis, bite-related infections, rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal diseases like ulcerative colitis. This generally harmless commensal possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, secretion systems exopolysaccharide, LPS, proteases, quorum sensing molecules and antibiotic resistance to evolve into a well-adapted pathogen capable of causing successful infection and proliferation in the host tissue. This review describes several of these virulence factors and their advantage to Prevotella spp. in causing inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. In addition, using genome analysis of Prevotella reference strains, we examined other putative virulence determinants which can provide insights as biomarkers and be the targets for effective interventions in Prevotella related diseases like periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nancy Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheetal Shirodkar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India.
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15
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Xu P, Shao RR, Zhang S, Tan ZW, Guo YT, He Y. The mechanism on Prevotella melaninogenica promoting the inflammatory progression of oral lichen planus. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:215-224. [PMID: 35605143 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the oral mucosa. Bacteria is a key driver of mucosal immune response and can induce changes in gene expression and function of epithelial keratinocytes. IL-36γ can induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, cytokines and chemokines, and is widely involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Our aim is to explore the role of IL-36γ in pathological process of OLP when Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) invades oral mucosa. The expression of IL-36γ in OLP lesions and mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Recombinant human IL-36Gamma (rhIL-36γ) was used to treat oral keratinocytes and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of IL-36γ and TRPV1 was detected by western blotting following co-culturing P. melaninogenica with oral keratinocytes. The mRNA expression of IL-36γ was detected by qRT-PCR. From our results, IL-36γ was upregulated in OLP lesions. Exogenous rhIL-36γ promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antibacterial peptides in oral keratinocytes. The expression of IL-36γ was significantly increased following the stimulation of P. melaninogenica in oral keratinocytes and mice. TRPV1 activation was induced by P. melaninogenica and its activation enhanced the expression of IL-36γ. IL-36Ra could reduce the inflammation in OLP in vitro. In summary, overexpression of IL-36γ in OLP lesions could promote its pathogenesis by inducing inflammation. P. melaninogenica invasion of oral keratinocytes could induce the expression of IL-36γ by the activation of TRPV1, thereby regulating the interaction between bacteria and oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Ru Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Tan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chen L, Zheng T, Yang Y, Chaudhary PP, Teh JPY, Cheon BK, Moses D, Schuster SC, Schlundt J, Li J, Conway PL. Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2070392. [PMID: 35549618 PMCID: PMC9116421 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2070392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-associated alterations in microbiomes vary across populations due to the influence of genetics and lifestyles. To the best of our knowledge, the microbial changes associated with aging have not yet been investigated in Singapore adults. We conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal and saliva samples, as well as fecal metabolomics to characterize the gut and oral microbial communities of 62 healthy adult male Singaporeans, including 32 young subjects (age, 23.1 ± 1.4 years) and 30 elderly subjects (age, 69.0 ± 3.5 years). We identified 8 gut and 13 oral species that were differentially abundant in elderly compared to young subjects. By combining the gut and oral microbiomes, 25 age-associated oral-gut species connections were identified. Moreover, oral bacteria Acidaminococcus intestine and Flavonifractor plautii were less prevalent/abundant in elderly gut samples than in young gut samples, whereas Collinsella aerofaciens and Roseburia hominis showed the opposite trends. These results indicate the varied gut-oral communications with aging. Subsequently, we expanded the association studies on microbiome, metabolome and host phenotypic parameters. In particular, Eubacterium eligens increased in elderly compared to young subjects, and was positively correlated with triglycerides, which implies that the potential role of E. eligens in lipid metabolism is altered during the aging process. Our results demonstrated aging-associated changes in the gut and oral microbiomes, as well as the connections between metabolites and host-microbe interactions, thereby deepening the understanding of alterations in the human microbiome during the aging process in a Singapore population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Office of Education Research, and Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Prem Prashant Chaudhary
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean Pui Yi Teh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bobby K. Cheon
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore,Eunice Kenndy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joergen Schlundt
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,CONTACT Jun Li Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patricia L. Conway
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Patricia L. Conway School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
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17
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Yang I, Claussen H, Arthur RA, Hertzberg VS, Geurs N, Corwin EJ, Dunlop AL. Subgingival Microbiome in Pregnancy and a Potential Relationship to Early Term Birth. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:873683. [PMID: 35646730 PMCID: PMC9132049 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.873683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease in pregnancy is considered a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. Periodontal disease has a microbial etiology, however, the current state of knowledge about the subgingival microbiome in pregnancy is not well understood. Objective To characterize the structure and diversity of the subgingival microbiome in early and late pregnancy and explore relationships between the subgingival microbiome and preterm birth among pregnant Black women. Methods This longitudinal descriptive study used 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the subgingival microbiome of 59 Black women and describe microbial ecology using alpha and beta diversity metrics. We also compared microbiome features across early (8-14 weeks) and late (24-30 weeks) gestation overall and according to gestational age at birth outcomes (spontaneous preterm, spontaneous early term, full term). Results In this sample of Black pregnant women, the top twenty bacterial taxa represented in the subgingival microbiome included a spectrum representative of various stages of biofilm progression leading to periodontal disease, including known periopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Other organisms associated with periodontal disease reflected in the subgingival microbiome included several Prevotella spp., and Campylobacter spp. Measures of alpha or beta diversity did not distinguish the subgingival microbiome of women according to early/late gestation or full term/spontaneous preterm birth; however, alpha diversity differences in late pregnancy between women who spontaneously delivered early term and women who delivered full term were identified. Several taxa were also identified as being differentially abundant according to early/late gestation, and full term/spontaneous early term births. Conclusions Although the composition of the subgingival microbiome is shifted toward complexes associated with periodontal disease, the diversity of the microbiome remains stable throughout pregnancy. Several taxa were identified as being associated with spontaneous early term birth. Two, in particular, are promising targets of further investigation. Depletion of the oral commensal Lautropia mirabilis in early pregnancy and elevated levels of Prevotella melaninogenica in late pregnancy were both associated with spontaneous early term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Irene Yang,
| | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert Adam Arthur
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Nicolaas Geurs
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Genomic Insights into the Distribution of Peptidases and Proteolytic Capacity among Prevotella and Paraprevotella Species. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0218521. [PMID: 35377228 PMCID: PMC9045265 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02185-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidases play important roles in health and nutrient digestion in both humans and animals, especially ruminant animals. In this study, we examined and compared the various peptidases (both total and secretory) among species of Prevotella (44 in total) and Paraprevotella (2) revealed in their sequenced genomes that were archived in the MEROPS database. The phylogenetic relationships were also compared among the species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the occurrence of peptidases. A rich repertoire of peptidases was found that represents six catalytic types of peptidases (aspartic, cysteine, glutamic, metallo, mixed, and serine), together with some with unknown catalytic mechanisms, and 78 families. Metallopeptidases were the most predominant, followed by serine and cysteine peptidases. Considerable variations in peptidase occurrence and distribution were noted among the species and the different families of peptidases. A total of 48 different families of secretory peptidases were found in the genomes of the Prevotella and Paraprevotella species. Secretory peptidases in the families of S41 and M13 were ubiquitous, and S9, M16, C1, S13, and C69 were found in more than 95% of the species. Multivariate analysis of the peptidases indicated that species were mostly clustered except for a few species. Analysis using a bipartite association network showed that the majority of peptidase families were shared among the species. The relatedness of peptidase distributions among the species did not significantly correlate with their phylogenetic relationship based on the 16S rRNA genes. The genomic overview on the peptidases of Prevotella and Paraprevotella species provided new insights into their potential capacity to degrade proteins. IMPORTANCE Species of Prevotella are prevalent and predominant bacteria residing in animals and humans, and their proteolytic capacity and activity play important roles in nutrient utilization in animals (especially ruminants) and some anaerobic infections of the intestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts in humans. This study reveals the large repertoire and wide distribution of metallo, serine, and cysteine peptidases, especially secretory peptidases, among the Prevotella species. The information presented here could aid in the identification of the Prevotella species and the peptidases to target to decrease the excessive protein degradation in the rumen and improve dietary nitrogen utilization by ruminant animals.
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Schulz S, Stein JM, Schumacher A, Kupietz D, Yekta-Michael SS, Schittenhelm F, Conrads G, Schaller HG, Reichert S. Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment Options and Their Impact on Subgingival Microbiota. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051187. [PMID: 35268280 PMCID: PMC8911148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different periodontal treatment methods (quadrant-wise debridement, scaling and root planing (Q-SRP), full-mouth scaling (FMS), full-mouth disinfection (FMD), and FMD with adjuvant erythritol air-polishing (FMDAP)) were applied in periodontitis patients (stage III/IV). The study objective (substudy of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03509233) was to compare the impact of treatments on subgingival colonization. METHODS Forty patients were randomized to the treatment groups. Periodontal parameters and subgingival colonization were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS Positive changes in clinical parameters were recorded in every treatment group during the 3-month follow-up period, but did not always continue. In three groups, specific bacteria decreased after 3 months; however, this was associated with a renewed increase after 6 months (FMS: Porphyromonas gingivalis; FMD: Eubacterium nodatum, Prevotella dentalis; and FMDAP: uncultured Prevotella sp.). CONCLUSIONS The benefit of all clinical treatments measured after 3 months was associated with a decrease in pathogenic bacteria in the FMS, FMD, and FMDAP groups. However, after 6 months, we observed further improvement or some stagnation in clinical outcomes accompanied by deterioration of the microbiological profile. Investigating the subgingival microbiota might help appraise successful periodontal treatment and implement individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany; (A.S.); (D.K.); (H.-G.S.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamal M. Stein
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.S.); (S.S.Y.-M.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
- Private Practice, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany; (A.S.); (D.K.); (H.-G.S.); (S.R.)
| | - David Kupietz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany; (A.S.); (D.K.); (H.-G.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sareh S. Yekta-Michael
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.S.); (S.S.Y.-M.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Florian Schittenhelm
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.S.); (S.S.Y.-M.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
- Private Practice, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.S.); (S.S.Y.-M.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Hans-Günter Schaller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany; (A.S.); (D.K.); (H.-G.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany; (A.S.); (D.K.); (H.-G.S.); (S.R.)
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20
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Li H, Zhang L, Zhang K, Huang Y, Liu Y, Lu X, Liao W, Liu X, Zhang Q, Pan W. Gut microbiota associated with cryptococcal meningitis and dysbiosis caused by anti-fungal treatment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1086239. [PMID: 36909846 PMCID: PMC9994644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1086239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a dynamic and highly diverse microbial ecosystem that affects many aspects of the host's physiology. An improved understanding of the gut microbiota could lead to better strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of cryptococcal meningitis (CM), but the impact of Cryptococcus infection and anti-fungal treatment on the gut microbiota has rarely been studied. We characterized the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in CM patients at diagnosis and healthy controls (HCs) using metagenomic sequencing and determined the effects of anti-fungal drugs. We found that CM patients had distinct bacterial and fungal compositions compared with HCs, with eight differentially abundant fungal and 72 differentially abundant bacterial species identified between the two groups. CM patients showed an increased abundance of Enterococcus avium, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella cibaria, and a decreased abundance of Prevotella spp. compared with HCs. However, anti-fungal treatment only led to minor changes in the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, both positive and negative correlations existed in fungal, bacterial, and clinical indicators. Our study suggests that the Cryptococcus neoformans infection caused a distinct dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and contributes valuable information implying potential links between the CM and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Keming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Prasoodanan P K V, Sharma AK, Mahajan S, Dhakan DB, Maji A, Scaria J, Sharma VK. Western and non-western gut microbiomes reveal new roles of Prevotella in carbohydrate metabolism and mouth-gut axis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34620880 PMCID: PMC8497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of host-associated Prevotella species have a profound impact on human health. To investigate the composition, diversity, and functional roles of Prevotella in the human gut, a population-wide analysis was carried out on 586 healthy samples from western and non-western populations including the largest Indian cohort comprising of 200 samples, and 189 Inflammatory Bowel Disease samples from western populations. A higher abundance and diversity of Prevotella copri species enriched in complex plant polysaccharides metabolizing enzymes, particularly pullulanase containing polysaccharide-utilization-loci (PUL), were found in Indian and non-western populations. A higher diversity of oral inflammations-associated Prevotella species and an enrichment of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome of western populations speculates an existence of a mouth-gut axis. The study revealed the landscape of Prevotella composition in the human gut microbiome and its impact on health in western and non-western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Prasoodanan P K
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shruti Mahajan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Darshan B Dhakan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Behaviour and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Abhijit Maji
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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22
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Tett A, Pasolli E, Masetti G, Ercolini D, Segata N. Prevotella diversity, niches and interactions with the human host. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:585-599. [PMID: 34050328 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Prevotella includes more than 50 characterized species that occur in varied natural habitats, although most Prevotella spp. are associated with humans. In the human microbiome, Prevotella spp. are highly abundant in various body sites, where they are key players in the balance between health and disease. Host factors related to diet, lifestyle and geography are fundamental in affecting the diversity and prevalence of Prevotella species and strains in the human microbiome. These factors, along with the ecological relationship of Prevotella with other members of the microbiome, likely determine the extent of the contribution of Prevotella to human metabolism and health. Here we review the diversity, prevalence and potential connection of Prevotella spp. in the human host, highlighting how genomic methods and analysis have improved and should further help in framing their ecological role. We also provide suggestions for future research to improve understanding of the possible functions of Prevotella spp. and the effects of the Western lifestyle and diet on the host-Prevotella symbiotic relationship in the context of maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tett
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Chen H, Li Q, Li M, Liu S, Yao C, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Liu P, Yang F, Li X, Wang J, Zeng Y, Tong X. Microbial characteristics across different tongue coating types in a healthy population. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1946316. [PMID: 34367522 PMCID: PMC8317956 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1946316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physical appearance of tongue coatings is vital for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to diagnose health and disease status. The microbiota of different tongue coatings could also influence coating formation and be further associated with specific diseases. Previous studies have focused on bacteria from different tongue coatings in the context of specific diseases, but the normal variations in healthy individuals remain unknown.Aim: We examined the tongue microbiota by metagenomics in 94 healthy individuals classified into eight different tongue types.Results: The overall composition of the tongue coating microbiome is not drastically different among different coating types, similar to the findings of previous studies in healthy populations. Further analysis revealed microbiota characteristics of each coating type, and many of the key bacteria are reported to be implicated in diseases. Moreover, further inclusion of diabetic patients revealed disease-specific enrichment of Capnocytophaga, even though the same tongue coatings were studied.Conclusions: This work revealed the characteristic compositions of distinctive tongue coatings in a healthy population, which serves as a basis for understanding the tongue coating formation mechanism and provides a valuable reference to further investigate disease-specific tongue coating bacterial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Departments of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Midha S, Rigden DJ, Siozios S, Hurst GDD, Jackson AP. Bodo saltans (Kinetoplastida) is dependent on a novel Paracaedibacter-like endosymbiont that possesses multiple putative toxin-antitoxin systems. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1680-1694. [PMID: 33452479 PMCID: PMC8163844 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbiosis has been instrumental in eukaryotic evolution, and includes both mutualistic, dependent and parasitic associations. Here we characterize an intracellular bacterium inhabiting the flagellated protist Bodo saltans (Kinetoplastida). We present a complete bacterial genome comprising a 1.39 Mb circular chromosome with 40.6% GC content. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation confirms that the endosymbiont is located adjacent to the nuclear membrane, and a detailed model of its intracellular niche is generated using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenomic analysis shows that the endosymbiont belongs to the Holosporales, most closely related to other α-proteobacterial endosymbionts of ciliates and amoebae. Comparative genomics indicates that it has a limited metabolism and is nutritionally host-dependent. However, the endosymbiont genome does encode diverse symbiont-specific secretory proteins, including a type VI secretion system and three separate toxin-antitoxin systems. We show that these systems are actively transcribed and hypothesize they represent a mechanism by which B. saltans becomes addicted to its endosymbiont. Consistent with this idea, attempts to cure Bodo of endosymbionts led to rapid and uniform cell death. This study adds kinetoplastid flagellates to ciliates and amoebae as hosts of Paracaedibacter-like bacteria, suggesting that these antagonistic endosymbioses became established very early in Eukaryotic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Midha
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ic2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Stefanos Siozios
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ic2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Gregory D D Hurst
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ic2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ic2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
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25
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Zheng SW, Xu P, Cai LT, Tan ZW, Guo YT, Zhu RX, He Y. The presence of Prevotella melaninogenica within tissue and preliminary study on its role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1580-1590. [PMID: 33780104 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the oral mucosa with characteristic white striations lesions, recurrent erosions, and pains. The etiology and pathogenesis of OLP are still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the bacterial community structure of buccal mucosa in patients with OLP and normal controls by high-throughput sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) in 13 OLP samples and 10 controls. The amounts of P. melaninogenica in OLP buccal mucosa and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in co-culture of mouse-derived macrophages with P. melaninogenica were detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The P. melaninogenica was more abundant in OLP than in healthy controls, and the differences were significant at the level of the phylum, family, genus, and species (p < .05). FISH showed that P. melaninogenica can invade the epithelium and even the lamina propria of OLP, while no invasion was found in the normal mucosa. Prevotella melaninogenica can adhere to and invade macrophages and then activate the transcription of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Prevotella melaninogenica may be involved in the pathogenic process of OLP, and its specific mechanism deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Cai
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences and technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Tan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences and technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Marre ATDO, Domingues RMCP, Lobo LA. Adhesion of anaerobic periodontal pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1483-1491. [PMID: 32557245 PMCID: PMC7688880 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are highly abundant in the human body and can be found in various tissues, most prominently in connective tissue and basement membrane. For invasive bacterial pathogens, these structures function as physical barriers that block access to underlying tissues. The ability to bind and degrade these barriers is important for the establishment of infections and migration to other body sites. In the oral cavity, the ECM and the basement membrane (BM) are important components of the Junctional epithelium (JE) that closes the gap between the teeth surface and the mucosa. In periodontitis, the JE is breached by invading pathogenic bacteria, particularly strict anaerobic species. In periodontitis, invading microorganisms induce an unregulated and destructive host response through polymicrobial synergism and dysbiosis that attracts immune cells and contributes to the destruction of connective tissue and bone in the periodontal pocket. Colonization of the periodontal pocket is the first step to establish this infection, and binding to ECM is a major advantage in this site. Several species of strict anaerobic bacteria are implicated in acute and chronic periodontitis, and although binding to ECM proteins was studied in these species, few adhesins were identified so far, and the mechanisms involved in adhesion are largely unidentified. This review summarizes the data available on the interaction of strict anaerobic bacteria and components of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Temperine de Oliveira Marre
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Regina M C P Domingues
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Lobo
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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27
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Genomic Analysis of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Oral Microbiome Pathogens. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110952. [PMID: 33207582 PMCID: PMC7697643 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of OLP is incompletely understood but is thought to be related to the immune system. As the oral cavity is a major reservoir and transmission gateway for bacteria, viruses, and fungi, the microbial composition of the oral cavity could play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP. However, limited by analytic technology and knowledge of the microbial community in the oral cavity, it is not yet clear which pathogens are associated with OLP. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool to identify pathogens for many infectious diseases. In this study, we compared the host cell gene expression profiles and the microbial profiles between OLP patients and matched healthy individuals. We identified the activation of the hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4A) network in OLP patients and potential pathogens, including Corynebacterium matruchotii, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, and Prevotella denticola. Prevotella denticola is capable of activating the HNF4A gene network. Our findings shed light on the previously elusive association of OLP with various diseases like hepatitis, and indicate that OLP is a T-helper type 17 (Th17) mediated mucosal inflammatory process. The identified molecular pathways and microbes could be used to inform future investigations into OLP pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutics for OLP treatment.
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28
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He Q, Kwok LY, Xi X, Zhong Z, Ma T, Xu H, Meng H, Zhao F, Zhang H. The meconium microbiota shares more features with the amniotic fluid microbiota than the maternal fecal and vaginal microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1794266. [PMID: 32744162 PMCID: PMC7524391 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1794266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The early-life gut microbiota is associated with potential development of diseases in adulthood. The sterile womb paradigm has been challenged by recent reports that revealed the presence of the meconium, amniotic fluid, and placenta microbiome. This study aimed to explore the maternal origin of the microbiota of neonate meconium by using the PacBio single-molecule real-time circular consensus sequencing technology. Such technology could produce high fidelity reads of full-length 16S rRNA genes, improving the sensitivity and specificity of taxonomic profiling. It also reduced the risk of false positives. This study analyzed the full-length 16S rRNA-based microbiota of maternal samples (amniotic fluid, feces, vaginal fluid, saliva) and first-pass meconium of 39 maternal-neonate pairs. Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses revealed sample type-specific microbiota features. Most sample types were dominated by sequences representing different genera (Lactobacillus and Curvibacter in the amniotic fluid and vaginal fluid microbiota; Bacillus and Escherichia/Shigella in the meconium microbiota; Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium in the maternal fecal microbiota; Streptococcus and Prevotella in the maternal saliva microbiota). Moreover, specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in all sample types. Dyad analysis revealed common OTUs between the meconium microbiota and microbiota of multiple maternal samples. The meconium microbiota shared more features with the amniotic fluid microbiota than the maternal fecal and vaginal microbiota. Our results strongly suggested that the meconium microbiota was seeded from multiple maternal body sites, and the amniotic fluid microbiota contributed most to the seeding of the meconium microbiota among the investigated maternal body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Haixia Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P.R.C, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.C., Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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29
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Distinct Polysaccharide Utilization Profiles of Human Intestinal Prevotella copri Isolates. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:680-690.e5. [PMID: 31726030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gut-dwelling Prevotella copri (P. copri), the most prevalent Prevotella species in the human gut, have been associated with diet and disease. However, our understanding of their diversity and function remains rudimentary because studies have been limited to 16S and metagenomic surveys and experiments using a single type strain. Here, we describe the genomic diversity of 83 P. copri isolates from 11 human donors. We demonstrate that genomically distinct isolates, which can be categorized into different P. copri complex clades, utilize defined sets of polysaccharides. These differences are exemplified by variations in susC genes involved in polysaccharide transport as well as polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that were predicted in part from genomic and metagenomic data. Functional validation of these PULs showed that P. copri isolates utilize distinct sets of polysaccharides from dietary plant, but not animal, sources. These findings reveal both genomic and functional differences in polysaccharide utilization across human intestinal P. copri strains.
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30
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Gui Q, Hoffman PS, Lewis JP. Amixicile targets anaerobic bacteria within the oral microbiome. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:226-235. [PMID: 31706024 PMCID: PMC7550198 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anaerobic bacteria are the major causative agents of periodontal disease. However, so far, targeted therapy aimed at reducing those pathogens has not been widely implemented. We have previously reported on a novel antimicrobial, amixicile, that targets anaerobic bacteria through inhibition of the function of the major anaerobic metabolic enzyme pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), while not affecting aerotolerant organisms. It effectively inhibited the growth of oral anaerobes both in monocultures as well as in mixed in vitro mixed cultured however, amixicile's activity in in vivo-like conditions remained to be established. METHODS Here, we expand our study using an ex vivo oral microbiome combined with metagenomic sequencing to determine the effect of amixicile treatment on the composition of the microbiome and compare it to that of metronidazole. RESULTS Our results show that in the complex microbiomes, anaerobic bacteria are selectively inhibited, while the growth of aerotolerant ones, such as Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Neisseria, and Rothia is unaffected. Veillonella was the most abundant anaerobic genus in our ex vivo microbiome, and we observed complete inhibition of its growth. In addition, growth of other anaerobes, Fusobacterium and Prevotella, was significantly inhibited. It is noteworthy that a change in abundance of bacteriophages, such as Siphoviridae and Myoviridae, associated with the oral microbiome was observed. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data expand on the so far reported inhibitory spectrum of amixicile and demonstrates that it inhibits anaerobic bacteria, including both clinical isolates and laboratory strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gui
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul S Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Janina P Lewis
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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31
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Pan Y, Pan X, Xiao H, Xiao H. Structural Characteristics and Functional Implications of PM 2.5 Bacterial Communities During Fall in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2369. [PMID: 31681228 PMCID: PMC6798152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution characterized by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) frequently has occurred in China, and has posed threats to human health. The physiochemical characteristics of airborne PM2.5 have been extensively studied, but its bacterial structures and functions have not yet been well studied. Herein, we focused on the structural characteristics and functional implications of airborne bacteria under different pollution levels in Beijing and Shanghai. The α- and β-diversities showed no obvious difference in two cities (p > 0.05). The dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria with total abundance of over 92% were found in all PM2.5 samples. The results of weighted unifrac non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) suggested that air pollution was no obviously correlated with bacterial community but dispersed disorderly. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and permutation test indicated that NH4+, SO42-, and wind speed were the key factors that associated with airborne bacterial community structure. Chemical components of particulate matter played more important role in structuring bacterial community than meteorological conditions based on the result of partial CCA. In addition, the annotation of metabolic pathway suggested that the predominant genus Pseudomonas was obviously correlated with disease infections. Several dominant species might contribute to organic degradation, nitrogen cycles, and ice-nuclei activities in environments. Overall, this work enhanced our understanding of functions of airborne bacteria and highlighted their potential role in atmospheric chemical progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Acharya A, Chen T, Chan Y, Watt RM, Jin L, Mattheos N. Species-Level Salivary Microbial Indicators of Well-Resolved Periodontitis: A Preliminary Investigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:347. [PMID: 31681625 PMCID: PMC6797555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To profile the salivary microbiomes of a Hong Kong Chinese cohort at a species-level resolution and determine species that discriminated clinically resolved periodontitis from periodontally healthy cases. Methods: Salivary microbiomes of 35 Hong Kong Chinese subjects' under routine supportive dental care were analyzed. All subjects had been treated for any dental caries or periodontal disease with all restorative treatment completed at least 1 year ago and had ≤3 residual pockets. They were categorized based on a past diagnosis of chronic periodontitis into "healthy" (H) or "periodontitis" (P) categories. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, genomic DNA was isolated, and high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene amplicons was performed. The sequences were assigned taxonomy at the species level by using a BLASTN based algorithm that used a combined reference database of HOMD RefSeqV14.51, HOMD RefSeqExtended V1.1 and GreenGeneGold. Species-level OTUs were subjected to downstream analysis in QIIME and R. For P and H group comparisons, community diversity measures were compared, differentially abundant species were determined using DESeq2, and disease indicator species were determined using multi-level pattern analysis within the R package "indicspecies." Results: P subjects were significantly older than H subjects (p = 0.003) but not significantly different in their BOP scores (p = 0.82). No significant differences were noted in alpha diversity measures after adjusting for age, gender, and BOP or in the beta diversity estimates. Four species; Treponema sp. oral taxon 237, TM7 sp. Oral Taxon A56, Prevotella sp. oral taxon 314, Prevotella sp. oral taxon 304, and Capnocytophaga leadbetteri were significantly more abundant in P than in the H group. Indicator species analysis showed 7 significant indicators species of P group. Fusobacterium sp oral taxon 370 was the sole positive indicator of P group (positive predictive value = 0.9, p = 0.04). Significant indicators of the H category were Leptotrichia buccalis, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Leptotrichia hofstadii, and Streptococcus intermedius. Conclusion: This exploratory study showed salivary microbial species could discriminate treated, well-maintained chronic periodontitis from healthy controls with similar gingival inflammation levels. The findings suggest that certain salivary microbiome features may identify periodontitis-susceptible individuals despite clinical disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuki Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rory M Watt
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Efimov BA, Chaplin AV, Shcherbakova VA, Suzina NE, Podoprigora IV, Shkoporov AN. Prevotella rara sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3818-3825. [PMID: 30339117 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A strain of obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods was isolated from human faeces and characterized both phenotypically and genotypically. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed the strain to represent a member of the genus Prevotella, distant from the species with validly published names, with the closest relationship to Prevotella oryzae. The strain was moderately saccharolytic and proteolytic. The predominant menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12. The major cellular long-chain fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.7 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, it was concluded that the strain represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, for which the name Prevotellarara sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Prevotellarara is 109T (=VKM B-2992T=DSM 105141T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Efimov
- 1Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chaplin
- 1Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria A Shcherbakova
- 2Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia E Suzina
- 2Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Irina V Podoprigora
- 3Department of Microbiology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 11719, Russia
| | - Andrei N Shkoporov
- 1Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,4APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Restriction-modification mediated barriers to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation employed by Prevotella intermedia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185234. [PMID: 28934361 PMCID: PMC5608340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontal pathogen, is increasingly implicated in human respiratory tract and cystic fibrosis lung infections. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms employed by this pathogen remain only partially characterized and poorly understood, largely due to its total lack of genetic accessibility. Here, using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) genome and methylome sequencing, bisulfite sequencing, in addition to cloning and restriction analysis, we define the specific genetic barriers to exogenous DNA present in two of the most widespread laboratory strains, P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. intermedia Strain 17. We identified and characterized multiple restriction-modification (R-M) systems, some of which are considerably divergent between the two strains. We propose that these R-M systems are the root cause of the P. intermedia transformation barrier. Additionally, we note the presence of conserved Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) systems in both strains, which could provide a further barrier to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation. This work will provide a valuable resource during the development of a genetic system for P. intermedia, which will be required for fundamental investigation of this organism’s physiology, metabolism, and pathogenesis in human disease.
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35
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Hong YH, Ye CC, Zhou QZ, Wu XY, Yuan JP, Peng J, Deng H, Wang JH. Genome Sequencing Reveals the Potential of Achromobacter sp. HZ01 for Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1507. [PMID: 28848520 PMCID: PMC5552670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum pollution is a severe environmental issue. Comprehensively revealing the genetic backgrounds of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms contributes to developing effective methods for bioremediation of crude oil-polluted environments. Marine bacterium Achromobacter sp. HZ01 is capable of degrading hydrocarbons and producing biosurfactants. In this study, the draft genome (5.5 Mbp) of strain HZ01 has been obtained by Illumina sequencing, containing 5,162 predicted genes. Genome annotation shows that “amino acid metabolism” is the most abundant metabolic pathway. Strain HZ01 is not capable of using some common carbohydrates as the sole carbon sources, which is due to that it contains few genes associated with carbohydrate transport and lacks some important enzymes related to glycometabolism. It contains abundant proteins directly related to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. AlkB hydroxylase and its homologs were not identified. It harbors a complete enzyme system of terminal oxidation pathway for n-alkane degradation, which may be initiated by cytochrome P450. The enzymes involved in the catechol pathway are relatively complete for the degradation of aromatic compounds. This bacterium lacks several essential enzymes for methane oxidation, and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase involved in the subterminal oxidation pathway and cycloalkane degradation was not identified. These results suggest that strain HZ01 degrades n-alkanes via the terminal oxidation pathway, degrades aromatic compounds primarily via the catechol pathway and cannot perform methane oxidation or cycloalkane degradation. Additionally, strain HZ01 possesses abundant genes related to the metabolism of secondary metabolites, including some genes involved in biosurfactant (such as glycolipids and lipopeptides) synthesis. The genome analysis also reveals its genetic basis for nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic resistance, regulatory responses to environmental changes, cell motility, and material transport. The obtained genome data provide us with a better understanding of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, which may contribute to the future design of rational strategies for bioremediation of petroleum-polluted marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hui Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Cong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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36
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Lasica AM, Ksiazek M, Madej M, Potempa J. The Type IX Secretion System (T9SS): Highlights and Recent Insights into Its Structure and Function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28603700 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00215.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion systems are vital for prokaryotic life, as they enable bacteria to acquire nutrients, communicate with other species, defend against biological and chemical agents, and facilitate disease through the delivery of virulence factors. In this review, we will focus on the recently discovered type IX secretion system (T9SS), a complex translocon found only in some species of the Bacteroidetes phylum. T9SS plays two roles, depending on the lifestyle of the bacteria. It provides either a means of movement (called gliding motility) for peace-loving environmental bacteria or a weapon for pathogens. The best-studied members of these two groups are Flavobacterium johnsoniae, a commensal microorganism often found in water and soil, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a human oral pathogen that is a major causative agent of periodontitis. In P. gingivalis and some other periodontopathogens, T9SS translocates proteins, especially virulence factors, across the outer membrane (OM). Proteins destined for secretion bear a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) that directs the cargo to the OM translocon. At least 18 proteins are involved in this still enigmatic process, with some engaged in the post-translational modification of T9SS cargo proteins. Upon translocation across the OM, the CTD is removed by a protease with sortase-like activity and an anionic LPS is attached to the newly formed C-terminus. As a result, a cargo protein could be secreted into the extracellular milieu or covalently attached to the bacterial surface. T9SS is regulated by a two-component system; however, the precise environmental signal that triggers it has not been identified. Exploring unknown systems contributing to bacterial virulence is exciting, as it may eventually lead to new therapeutic strategies. During the past decade, the major components of T9SS were identified, as well as hints suggesting the possible mechanism of action. In addition, the list of characterized cargo proteins is constantly growing. The actual structure of the translocon, situated in the OM of bacteria, remains the least explored area; however, new technical approaches and increasing scientific attention have resulted in a growing body of data. Therefore, we present a compact up-to-date review of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lasica
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
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37
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Lasica AM, Ksiazek M, Madej M, Potempa J. The Type IX Secretion System (T9SS): Highlights and Recent Insights into Its Structure and Function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:215. [PMID: 28603700 PMCID: PMC5445135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion systems are vital for prokaryotic life, as they enable bacteria to acquire nutrients, communicate with other species, defend against biological and chemical agents, and facilitate disease through the delivery of virulence factors. In this review, we will focus on the recently discovered type IX secretion system (T9SS), a complex translocon found only in some species of the Bacteroidetes phylum. T9SS plays two roles, depending on the lifestyle of the bacteria. It provides either a means of movement (called gliding motility) for peace-loving environmental bacteria or a weapon for pathogens. The best-studied members of these two groups are Flavobacterium johnsoniae, a commensal microorganism often found in water and soil, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a human oral pathogen that is a major causative agent of periodontitis. In P. gingivalis and some other periodontopathogens, T9SS translocates proteins, especially virulence factors, across the outer membrane (OM). Proteins destined for secretion bear a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) that directs the cargo to the OM translocon. At least 18 proteins are involved in this still enigmatic process, with some engaged in the post-translational modification of T9SS cargo proteins. Upon translocation across the OM, the CTD is removed by a protease with sortase-like activity and an anionic LPS is attached to the newly formed C-terminus. As a result, a cargo protein could be secreted into the extracellular milieu or covalently attached to the bacterial surface. T9SS is regulated by a two-component system; however, the precise environmental signal that triggers it has not been identified. Exploring unknown systems contributing to bacterial virulence is exciting, as it may eventually lead to new therapeutic strategies. During the past decade, the major components of T9SS were identified, as well as hints suggesting the possible mechanism of action. In addition, the list of characterized cargo proteins is constantly growing. The actual structure of the translocon, situated in the OM of bacteria, remains the least explored area; however, new technical approaches and increasing scientific attention have resulted in a growing body of data. Therefore, we present a compact up-to-date review of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lasica
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of DentistryLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
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