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Li WF, Zhou Q, Ma ZH, Zuo CW, Chu MY, Mao J, Chen BH. Regulatory mechanism of GA 3 application on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry size. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108543. [PMID: 38554534 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Gibberellin A3 (GA3) is often used as a principal growth regulator to increase plant size. Here, we applied Tween-20 (2%)-formulated GA3 (T1:40 mg/L; T2:70 mg/L) by dipping the clusters at the initial expansion phase of 'Red Globe' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in 2018 and 2019. Tween-20 (2%) was used as a control. The results showed that GA3 significantly increased fruit cell length, cell size, diameter, and volume. The hormone levels of auxin (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) were significantly increased at 2 h (0 d) -1 d after application (DAA0-1) and remained significantly higher at DAA1 until maturity. Conversely, ABA exhibited an opposite trend. The mRNA and non-coding sequencing results yielded 436 differentially expressed mRNA (DE_mRNAs), 79 DE_lncRNAs and 17 DE_miRNAs. These genes are linked to hormone pathways like cysteine and methionine metabolism (ko00270), glutathione metabolism (ko00480) and plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075). GA3 application reduced expression of insensitive dwarf 2 (GID2, VIT_07s0129g01000), small auxin-upregulated RNA (SAUR, VIT_08s0007g03120) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS, VIT_18s0001g08520), but increased SAUR (VIT_04s0023g00560) expression. These four genes were predicted to be negatively regulated by vvi-miR156, vvi-miR172, vvi-miR396, and vvi-miR159, corresponding to specific lncRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs could affect grape size by regulating key genes GID2, ACS and SAUR. The R2R3 MYB family member VvRAX2 (VIT_08s0007g05030) was upregulated in response to GA3 application. Overexpression of VvRAX2 in tomato transgenic lines increased fruit size in contrast to the wild type. This study provides a basis and genetic resources for elucidating the novel role of ncRNAs in fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China; School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, PR China
| | - Zong-Huan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Cun-Wu Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Ming-Yu Chu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Bai-Hong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Guan P, Hu J, Sun L. Interaction of VvDELLA2 and VvCEB1 Mediates Expression of Expansion-Related Gene during GA-Induced Enlargement of Grape Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14870. [PMID: 37834318 PMCID: PMC10573625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous gibberellin treatment can promote early growth of grape fruit, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that VvDELLA2 directly regulates the activity of the VvCEB1 transcription factor, a key regulator in the control of cell expansion in grape fruit. Our results show that VvCEB1 binds directly to the promoters of cell expansion-related genes in grape fruit and acts as a transcriptional activator, while VvDELLA2 blocks VvCEB1 function by binding to its activating structural domain. The exogenous gibberellin treatment relieved this inhibition by promoting the degradation of VvDELLA2 protein, thus, allowing VvCEB1 to transcriptionally activate the expression of cell expansion-related genes. In conclusion, we conclude that exogenous GA3 treatment regulates early fruit expansion by affecting the VvDELLA-VvCEB1 interaction in grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
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Du CL, Cai CL, Lu Y, Li YM, Xie ZS. Identification and expression analysis of invertase family genes during grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry development under CPPU and GA treatment. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:777-789. [PMID: 37041390 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar is crucial for grape berry, whether used for fresh food or wine. However, berry enlargement treatment with forchlorfenuron (N-(2-chloro4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea) (CPPU, a synthetic cytokinin) and gibberellin (GA) always had adverse effects on sugar accumulation in some grape varieties, especially CPPU. Therefore exploring the molecular mechanisms behind these adverse effects could provide a foundation for improving or developing technology to mitigate the effects of CPPU/GA treatments for grape growers. In the present study, invertase (INV) family, the key gene controlling sugar accumulation, was identified and characterized on the latest annotated grape genome. Their express pattern, as well as invertase activity and sugar content, were analyzed during grape berry development under CPPU and GA3 treatment to explore the potential role of INV members under berry enlargement treatment in grapes. Eighteen INV genes were identified and divided into two sub-families: 10 neutral INV genes (Vv-A/N-INV1-10) and 8 acid INV genes containing 5 CWINV (VvCWINV1-5) and 3 VIN (VvVIN1-3). At the early development stage, both CPPU and GA3 treatment decreased the hexose level in berries of 'Pinot Noir' grape, whereas the activity of three types inverstase (soluble acid INV, insoluble acid INV, and neutral INV) increased. Correspondingly, most of INV members were up-regulated by GA3 /CPPU application at least one sampling time point during early berry development, including VvCWINV1, 2, 3, 4, 5, VvVIN1, 2, 3 and Vv-A/N-INV1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10. At maturity, the sugar content in CPPU-treated berries is still lower than that in the control. Soluble acid INV and neutral INV, rather than insoluble acid INV, presented lower activity in CPPU-treated berries. Meanwhile, several corresponding genes, such as VvVIN2 and Vv-A/N-INV2, 8, 10 in ripening berries were obviously down-regulated by CPPU treatment. These results suggested that most of INV members could be triggered by berry enlargement treatment during early berry development, whereas VvVINs and Vv-A/N-INVs, but not VvCWINVs, could be the limiting factor resulting in decreased sugar accumulation in CPPU-treated berries at maturity. In conclusion, this study identified the INV family on the latest annotated grape genome and selected several potential members involving in the limit of CPPU on final sugar accumulation in grape berry. These results provide candidate genes for further study of the molecular regulation of CPPU and GA on sugar accumulation in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lu Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Liu Cai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Jin Y, Li J, Zhu Q, Du X, Liu F, Li Y, Ahmar S, Zhang X, Sun J, Xue F. GhAPC8 regulates leaf blade angle by modulating multiple hormones in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:217-228. [PMID: 34896470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle, including leaf petiole angle (LPA) and leaf blade angle (LBA), is an important trait affecting plant architecture. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genes play a vital role in plant growth and development, including regulation of leaf angle. Here, we identified and characterized the APC genes in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) with a focus on GhAPC8, a homolog of soybean GmILPA1 involved in regulation of LPA. We showed that independently silencing the At or Dt sub-genome homoeolog of GhAPC8 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced plant height and LBA, and that reduction of LBA could be caused by uneven growth of cortex parenchyma cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole. The junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole of the GhAPC8-silenced plants had an elevated level of brassinosteroid (BR) and a decreased levels of auxin and gibberellin. Consistently, comparative transcriptome analysis found that silencing GhAPC8 activated genes of the BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as genes related to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules significantly associated with plant height and LBA, and candidate genes bridging GhAPC8, the pathways of BR biosynthesis and signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results demonstrated a role of GhAPC8 in regulating LBA, likely achieved by modulating the accumulation and signaling of multiple phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
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Tello J, Torres-Pérez R, Flutre T, Grimplet J, Ibáñez J. VviUCC1 Nucleotide Diversity, Linkage Disequilibrium and Association with Rachis Architecture Traits in Grapevine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E598. [PMID: 32485819 PMCID: PMC7348735 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster compactness is a trait with high agronomic relevance, affecting crop yield and grape composition. Rachis architecture is a major component of cluster compactness determinism, and is a target trait toward the breeding of grapevine varieties less susceptible to pests and diseases. Although its genetic basis is scarcely understood, a preliminary result indicated a possible involvement of the VviUCC1 gene. The aim of this study was to characterize the VviUCC1 gene in grapevine and to test the association between the natural variation observed for a series of rachis architecture traits and the polymorphisms detected in the VviUCC1 sequence. This gene encodes an uclacyanin plant-specific cell-wall protein involved in fiber formation and/or lignification processes. A high nucleotide diversity in the VviUCC1 gene promoter and coding regions was observed, but no critical effects were predicted in the protein domains, indicating a high level of conservation of its function in the cultivated grapevine. After correcting statistical models for genetic stratification and linkage disequilibrium effects, marker-trait association results revealed a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with cluster compactness and rachis traits variation. Two of them (Y-984 and K-88) affected two common cis-transcriptional regulatory elements, suggesting an effect on phenotype via gene expression regulation. This work reinforces the interest of further studies aiming to reveal the functional effect of the detected VviUCC1 variants on grapevine rachis architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tello
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), 26080 Logroño, Spain; (R.T.-P.); (J.G.); (J.I.)
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), 26080 Logroño, Spain; (R.T.-P.); (J.G.); (J.I.)
- Servicio de Bioinformática para Genómica y Proteómica (BioinfoGP), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothée Flutre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), 26080 Logroño, Spain; (R.T.-P.); (J.G.); (J.I.)
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), 26080 Logroño, Spain; (R.T.-P.); (J.G.); (J.I.)
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Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Mapping of Firmness in Grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030797. [PMID: 31991832 PMCID: PMC7037167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Berry firmness is one of the most important quality traits in table grapes. The underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms for berry firmness remain unclear. We constructed a high-density genetic map based on whole-genome resequencing to identify loci associated with berry firmness. The genetic map had 19 linkage groups, including 1662 bin markers (26,039 SNPs), covering 1463.38 cM, and the average inter-marker distance was 0.88 cM. An analysis of berry firmness in the F1 population and both parents for three consecutive years revealed continuous variability in F1, with a distribution close to the normal distribution. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, three potentially significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to berry firmness were identified by composite interval mapping. The contribution rate of each QTL ranged from 21.5% to 28.6%. We identified four candidate genes associated with grape firmness, which are related to endoglucanase, abscisic acid (ABA), and transcription factors. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of abscisic-aldehyde oxidase-like gene (VIT_18s0041g02410) and endoglucanase 3 gene (VIT_18s0089g00210) in Muscat Hamburg was higher than in Crimson Seedless at the veraison stage, which was consistent with that of parent berry firmness. These results confirmed that VIT_18s0041g02410 and VIT_18s0089g00210 are candidate genes associated with berry firmness.
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Li YM, Forney C, Bondada B, Leng F, Xie ZS. The Molecular Regulation of Carbon Sink Strength in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:606918. [PMID: 33505415 PMCID: PMC7829256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.606918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sink organs, the net receivers of resources from source tissues, provide food and energy for humans. Crops yield and quality are improved by increased sink strength and source activity, which are affected by many factors, including sugars and hormones. With the growing global population, it is necessary to increase photosynthesis into crop biomass and yield on a per plant basis by enhancing sink strength. Sugar translocation and accumulation are the major determinants of sink strength, so understanding molecular mechanisms and sugar allocation regulation are conducive to develop biotechnology to enhance sink strength. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an excellent model to study the sink strength mechanism and regulation for perennial fruit crops, which export sucrose from leaves and accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of fruit mesocarp cells. Here recent advances of this topic in grape are updated and discussed, including the molecular biology of sink strength, including sugar transportation and accumulation, the genes involved in sugar mobilization and their regulation of sugar and other regulators, and the effects of hormones on sink size and sink activity. Finally, a molecular basis model of the regulation of sugar accumulation in the grape is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Charles Forney
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Bhaskar Bondada
- Wine Science Center, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Sen Xie,
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