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Saputra F, Lai YH, Roldan MJM, Alos HC, Aventurado CA, Vasquez RD, Hsiao CD. The Effect of the Pyrethroid Pesticide Fenpropathrin on the Cardiac Performance of Zebrafish and the Potential Mechanism of Toxicity. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1214. [PMID: 37759613 PMCID: PMC10525504 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely used for many years in agricultural fields. It works by disturbing the voltage-gated sodium channel, leading to paralysis and the death of the target animal. While past studies have focused on neurodegeneration following fenpropathrin poisoning in humans, relatively few pieces of research have examined its effect on other peripheral organs. This study successfully investigated the potential toxicity of fenpropathrin on the cardiovascular system using zebrafish as an animal model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to varying doses of fenpropathrin underwent an evaluation of cardiac physiology by measuring the heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and shortening fraction. The blood flow velocity and the dorsal aorta diameter were also measured to assess the impact of fenpropathrin exposure on the vascular system. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the pesticide binding affinity to various proteins associated with the cardiovascular system, revealing the potential mechanism of the fenpropathrin cardiotoxic effect. The findings demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in the heart rate stroke volume, cardiac output, shortening fraction, and ejection fraction of zebrafish larvae after 24 h of acute treatment with fenpropathrin. Additionally, zebrafish treated at a concentration of 1 ppm exhibited significantly larger blood vessels in diameter and an increased blood flow velocity compared to the control group. According to molecular docking, fenpropathrin showed a high affinity for various voltage-gated sodium channels like scn1lab, cacna1sb, and clcn3. Finally, from the results, we found that fenpropathrin caused cardiomegaly, which may have been induced by the voltage-gated sodium channel disruption. This study highlights the significant disruption of fenpropathrin in the cardiovascular system and emphasizes the need for further research on the health implications of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Saputra
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (M.J.M.R.); (H.C.A.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Honeymae C. Alos
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (M.J.M.R.); (H.C.A.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Charlaine A. Aventurado
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (M.J.M.R.); (H.C.A.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Ross D. Vasquez
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (M.J.M.R.); (H.C.A.); (C.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
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2
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Piol D, Tosatto L, Zuccaro E, Anderson EN, Falconieri A, Polanco MJ, Marchioretti C, Lia F, White J, Bregolin E, Minervini G, Parodi S, Salvatella X, Arrigoni G, Ballabio A, La Spada AR, Tosatto SC, Sambataro F, Medina DL, Pandey UB, Basso M, Pennuto M. Antagonistic effect of cyclin-dependent kinases and a calcium-dependent phosphatase on polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor toxic gain of function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1694. [PMID: 36608116 PMCID: PMC9821870 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in androgen receptor (AR), generating gain-of-function toxicity that may involve phosphorylation. Using cellular and animal models, we investigated what kinases and phosphatases target polyQ-expanded AR, whether polyQ expansions modify AR phosphorylation, and how this contributes to neurodegeneration. Mass spectrometry showed that polyQ expansions preserve native phosphorylation and increase phosphorylation at conserved sites controlling AR stability and transactivation. In small-molecule screening, we identified that CDC25/CDK2 signaling could enhance AR phosphorylation, and the calcium-sensitive phosphatase calcineurin had opposite effects. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of these kinases and phosphatases modified polyQ-expanded AR function and toxicity in cells, flies, and mice. Ablation of CDK2 reduced AR phosphorylation in the brainstem and restored expression of Myc and other genes involved in DNA damage, senescence, and apoptosis, indicating that the cell cycle-regulated kinase plays more than a bystander role in SBMA-vulnerable postmitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Piol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI), Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI), Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zuccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric N. Anderson
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | - Maria J. Polanco
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI), Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchioretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Biological Chemistry, and the UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elisa Bregolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sara Parodi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albert R. La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Biological Chemistry, and the UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Silvio C. E. Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego L. Medina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Udai B. Pandey
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI), Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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3
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Symington SB, Toltin AC, Murenzi E, Lansky D, Clark JM. Determination of potential toxicodynamic differences of pyrethroid insecticides on native voltage-sensitive sodium channels in juvenile versus adult rat brain. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 189:105296. [PMID: 36549822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microtransplantation of neurolemma tissue fragments from mammalian brain into the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes is a tool to examine the endogenous structure and function of various ion channels and receptors associated with the central nervous system. Microtransplanted neurolemma can originate from a variety of sources, contain ion channels and receptors in their native configuration, and are applicable to examine diseases associated with different channelopathies. Here, we examined potential age-related differences in voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) expression and concentration-dependent responses to pyrethroids following the microtransplantation of juvenile or adult rat brain tissue (neurolemma) into X. laevis oocytes. Using automated western blotting, adult neurolemma exhibited a 2.5-fold higher level of expression of VSSCs compared with juvenile neurolemma. The predominant isoform expressed in both tissues was Nav1.2. However, adult neurolemma expressed 2.8-fold more Nav1.2 than juvenile and expressed Nav1.6 at a significantly higher level (2.2-fold). Microtransplanted neurolemma elicited ion currents across the plasma membrane of oocytes following membrane depolarization using two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. A portion of this current was sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and this TTX-sensitive current was abolished when external sodium ion was replaced by choline ion, functionally demonstrating the presence of native VSSC. Increasing concentrations of permethrin or deltamethrin exhibited concentration-dependent increases in inward TTX-sensitive current in the presence of niflumic acid from both adult and juvenile tissues following a pulsed depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane. Concentration-dependent response curves illustrate that VSSCs associated with juvenile neurolemma were up to 2.5-fold more sensitive to deltamethrin than VSSCs in adult neurolemma. In contrast, VSSCs from juvenile neurolemma were less sensitive to permethrin than adult VSSCs at lower concentrations (0.6-0.8-fold) but were more sensitive at higher concentrations (up to 2.4-fold). Nonetheless, because the expected concentrations in human brains following realistic exposure levels are approximately 21- (deltamethrin) to 333- (permethrin) times below the threshold concentration for response in rat neurolemma-injected oocytes, age-related differences, if any, are not likely to be toxicologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Symington
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Science, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, USA.
| | - Abigail C Toltin
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Science, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, USA
| | - Edwin Murenzi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - David Lansky
- Precision Bioassay, Inc., Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - John M Clark
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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4
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Wang X, Li H, Wang S, Martínez MA, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Maximiliano JE. Tefluthrin: metabolism, food residues, toxicity, and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:664-680. [PMID: 36625435 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2143320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tefluthrin is a Type I pyrethroid insecticide widely used all over the world. Residues of tefluthrin in various agricultural and animal-derived products may be related to potential human health risks. Tefluthrin metabolism in mammals involves hydrolysis of the ester bond to form cyclopropane acid and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol moieties, followed by oxidation. In this review manuscript, we provide crucial information regarding the toxicity of pyrethroids and propose natural antioxidants for amelioration poisoning in humans and animals. We call for the rational use of tefluthrin as an agrochemical product and for greater attention to the residual toxicity caused by tefluthrin in primary and succeeding crops. This greater attention is required given the global use of tefluthrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Houpeng Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Simeng Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Ndonwi EN, Atogho-Tiedeu B, Lontchi-Yimagou E, Shinkafi TS, Nanfa D, Balti EV, Indusmita R, Mahmood A, Katte JC, Mbanya A, Matsha T, Mbanya JC, Shakir A, Sobngwi E. Gestational Exposure to Pesticides Induces Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Offspring that Persist at Adult Age in an Animal Model. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:241-248. [PMID: 31341553 PMCID: PMC6629439 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure may induce biochemical alterations including oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. However, in the context of developmental origin of health and disease, putative trans-generational effect of exposure to pesticides are insufficiently studied. We therefore aimed to evaluate the biochemical effect of gestational exposure to four pesticides on female Wistar rats and their offspring at adult age. We studied 30 female nulliparous Wistar rats divided into 5 equal groups. Group 1 served as the control group and received distilled water while group 2, 3, 4 and 5 received orally pesticide 1 (imidacloprid), pesticide 2 (chlorpyrifos), pesticide 3 (imidacloprid + lambda cyhalothrin) and pesticide 4 (oxamyl) respectively once daily throughout gestation at a dose equivalent to 1/10 lethal dose 50. The mothers were followed up until one month post gestation. The offspring were followed up from birth until adult age (12 weeks). In all animals at each time point we evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress and liver function enzymes. There was similar variation of total body weight in all the groups during and after gestation. However, Female Wistar rats of the exposed groups had significant alterations in liver SOD (-30.8% to +64.1%), catalase (-38.8% to -85.7%) and GSH (-29.2% to -86.5%) and; kidney catalase (> 100%), GSH (> 100%). Moreover, MDA, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were significantly higher in pesticide exposed rats compared to the control group. Similar alterations in antioxidant enzymes, MDA and liver function enzymes were observed in offspring of treated rats evidenced at weaning and persisting until adult age. Exposure to pesticides causes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in exposed female Wistar rats and their offspring. The persistence in offspring at adult age suggests transgenerational adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ngwa Ndonwi
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard Deemed University, New-Delhi, India.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Barbara Atogho-Tiedeu
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Tijjani S Shinkafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard Deemed University, New-Delhi, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dieudonne Nanfa
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Eric V Balti
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Routray Indusmita
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard Deemed University, New-Delhi, India
| | - Amena Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard Deemed University, New-Delhi, India
| | - Jean-Claude Katte
- National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armand Mbanya
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ali Shakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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6
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López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Beamer P, de Zapien J, Rosales C. Migrant Farmworkers' Exposure to Pesticides in Sonora, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2651. [PMID: 30486281 PMCID: PMC6313604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expanding agribusiness in Sonora, a state in Northern Mexico, has increased the demand for temporary migrant agricultural workers. Sonora is one of the top states in Mexico for pesticide utilization. We conducted an exploratory study to evaluate exposure to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticides among migrant farmworkers. A sample of 20 migrant farmworkers was recruited from a large commercial grape farm during the harvest season. We administered a questionnaire on work activities, exposure characteristics, and socio-demographics. We collected urine samples to quantify pesticide metabolite concentrations. Most participants were originally from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, none had completed high school, and about half spoke an indigenous language as well as Spanish. The majority of participants had detectable concentrations of pyrethroid and organophosphate biomarkers. Geometric mean creatinine-adjusted concentrations for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (1.83 µg/g), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (0.88 µg/g), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (0.94 µg/g), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3.56 µg/g), and para-nitrophenol (0.63 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the general United States' population and Mexican Americans. Our results also suggest that migrant farmworkers in this region are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than other farmworkers' studies. Farmworkers' age, language, training on personal protective equipment, time at the farm, and season, were significant exposure determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás López-Gálvez
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Rietta Wagoner
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Jill de Zapien
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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7
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Xiao X, Sun Q, Kim Y, Yang SH, Qi W, Kim D, Yoon KS, Clark JM, Park Y. Exposure to permethrin promotes high fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:405-416. [PMID: 29175578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Permethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide that was previously reported to promote fat accumulation and insulin resistance in vitro. A recent study in female mice also found that permethrin could promote high fat-induced insulin resistance. The effects of permethrin on glucose and lipid metabolisms in male mice, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and interactions of permethrin exposure (50, 500, and 5000 μg/kg body weight/day) and dietary fat (low fat, 4% w/w; high fat, 20% w/w) on development of obesity and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that permethrin treatment significantly increased body weight, fat mass, and insulin resistance with high fat diet, but not with low fat diet, without influencing energy intake. Permethrin treatment also significantly increased serum levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides and cholesterol. Further results showed that permethrin inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase in white adipose tissue. These results suggest that permethrin interacts with dietary fat to alter lipid and glucose metabolisms in male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Szu-Hao Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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8
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Xiao X, Qi W, Clark JM, Park Y. Permethrin potentiates adipogenesis via intracellular calcium and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Ye X, Li F, Zhang J, Ma H, Ji D, Huang X, Curry TE, Liu W, Liu J. Pyrethroid Insecticide Cypermethrin Accelerates Pubertal Onset in Male Mice via Disrupting Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10212-10221. [PMID: 28731686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, a class of insecticides that are widely used worldwide, have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Our recent epidemiological study reported on an association of increased pyrethroids exposure with elevated gonadotropins levels and earlier pubertal development in Chinese boys. In this study, we further investigated the effects of cypermethrin (CP), one of the most ubiquitous pyrethroid insecticides, on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and pubertal onset in male animal models. Early postnatal exposure to CP at environmentally relevant doses (0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg CP) significantly accelerated the age of puberty onset in male mice. Administration of CP induced a dose-dependent increase in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in male mice. CP did not affect gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in the hypothalamus, but CP at higher concentrations stimulated GnRH pulse frequency. CP could induce the secretion of LH and FSH, as well as the expression of gonadotropin subunit genes [chorionic gonadotropin α (CGα), LHβ, and FSHβ] in pituitary gonadotropes. CP stimulated testosterone production and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes [steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and Cytochrome p 450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1)] in testicular Leydig cells. The interference with hypothalamic sodium channels as well as calcium channels in pituitary gonadotropes and testicular Leydig cells was responsible for CP-induced HPG axis maturation. Our findings established in animal models provide further evidence for the biological plausibility of pyrethroid exposure as a potentially environmental contributor to earlier puberty in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dapeng Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Johnstone AFM, Strickland JD, Crofton KM, Gennings C, Shafer TJ. Effects of an environmentally-relevant mixture of pyrethroid insecticides on spontaneous activity in primary cortical networks on microelectrode arrays. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:234-239. [PMID: 27177986 PMCID: PMC5831128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides exert their insecticidal and toxicological effects primarily by disrupting voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) function, resulting in altered neuronal excitability. Numerous studies of individual pyrethroids have characterized effects on mammalian VGSC function and neuronal excitability, yet studies examining effects of complex pyrethroid mixtures in mammalian neurons, especially in environmentally relevant mixture ratios, are limited. In the present study, concentration-response functions were characterized for five pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, β-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate) in an in vitro preparation containing cortical neurons and glia. As a metric of neuronal network activity, spontaneous mean network firing rates (MFR) were measured using microelectorde arrays (MEAs). In addition, the effect of a complex and exposure relevant mixture of the five pyrethroids (containing 52% permethrin, 28.8% cypermethrin, 12.9% β-cyfluthrin, 3.4% deltamethrin and 2.7% esfenvalerate) was also measured. Data were modeled to determine whether effects of the pyrethroid mixture were predicted by dose-addition. At concentrations up to 10μM, all compounds except permethrin reduced MFR. Deltamethrin and β-cyfluthrin were the most potent and reduced MFR by as much as 60 and 50%, respectively, while cypermethrin and esfenvalerate were of approximately equal potency and reduced MFR by only ∼20% at the highest concentration. Permethrin caused small (∼24% maximum), concentration-dependent increases in MFR. Effects of the environmentally relevant mixture did not depart from the prediction of dose-addition. These data demonstrate that an environmentally relevant mixture caused dose-additive effects on spontaneous neuronal network activity in vitro, and is consistent with other in vitro and in vivo assessments of pyrethroid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F M Johnstone
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Chris Gennings
- Population Health and Science Policy, Mt Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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11
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Wang Q, Diao Q, Dai P, Chu Y, Wu Y, Zhou T, Cai Q. Exploring poisonous mechanism of honeybee, Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, caused by pyrethroids. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 135:1-8. [PMID: 28043325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the important intracellular secondary messengers, calcium channel is the target of many neurotoxic pesticides as calcium homeostasis in the neuroplasm play important role in neuronal functions and behavior in insects. This study investigated the effect of deltamethrin (DM) on calcium channel in the brain nerve cells of adult workers of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola that were cultured in vitro. The results showed that the intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated even with a very low concentration of the DM (3.125×10-2mg/L). Further testing revealed that T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), except for sodium channels, was one of the target of DM on toxicity of Apis mellifera, while DM has no significant effect on the L-type VGCCs, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-gated calcium channels and calcium store. These results suggesting that the DM may act on T-type VGCCs in brain cells of honeybees and result in behavioral abnormalities including swarming, feeding, learning, and acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Pingli Dai
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Yanna Chu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Beijing 100093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Qingnian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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12
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Haverinen J, Vornanen M. Deltamethrin is toxic to the fish (crucian carp, Carassius carassius) heart. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 129:36-42. [PMID: 27017879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are extensively used for the control of insect pests and disease vectors. Pyrethroids are regarded safe due to their selective toxicity: they are effective against insects but relatively harmless to mammals and birds. Unfortunately, pyrethroids are very toxic to fishes. The high toxicity of pyrethroids to fishes is only partly explained by slow metabolic elimination of pyrethroids, suggesting that some molecular targets in vital organs of the fish body are sensitive to pyrethroids. To this end we tested the effect of deltamethrin (DM) on fish (crucian carp, Carassius carassius) heart function in vitro. In sinoatrial preparations of the crucian carp heart DM (10 μM) caused irregularities in rate and rhythm of atrial beating and strong reductions in force of atrial contraction, thus indicating that DM is arrhythmogenic to the fish heart. Consistent with this, DM (10.0 μM) induced irregularities in electrical activity (surface electrocardiogram) of spontaneous beating hearts in vitro. In isolated ventricular myocytes, DM (0.1-30.0 μM) modified Na(+) current by slowing channel closing and shifting reversal potential and steady-state activation of the current to more negative voltages. Maximally about 48% of the cardiac Na(+) channels were affected by DM with a half-maximal effect occurring at the concentration of 1.3 μM. These findings indicate that DM can be cardiotoxic to the crucian carp and that these effects could be due to DM related changes in Na(+) channel function. These findings indicate that in addition to their neurotoxicity effects pyrethroid could also be cardiotoxic to fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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13
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Meng L, Meyer PFNR, Leary ML, Mohammed YF, Ferber SD, Lin JW. Effects of Deltamethrin on crayfish motor axon activity and neuromuscular transmission. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:32-8. [PMID: 26861201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used pesticide known to target sodium channels. Although this compound has been studied extensively at molecular and behavioral levels, the detailed action of DM on cellular and synaptic function is less well documented. In this report, we show that DM at nanomolar concentrations can silence tonic motor output of the crayfish ventral superficial flexor (VSF) within ∼10 min. Action potential (AP) amplitude was consistently reduced before silencing occurred, whereas AP duration and AP firing frequency did not change. In some synapses EPSP amplitude and synaptic delay were modified by DM, but the direction of change was not consistent. In order to better understand these diverse effects, intracellular recordings from motor axons of the crayfish opener were used for a detailed analysis. DM caused an initial, slow depolarization of resting membrane potential (Vm), which was accompanied by reduced AP amplitude but not AP duration. Resting Vm then underwent a step depolarization of ∼20 mV, which we propose corresponds to the onset of the depolarization block. In addition, DM shifted the AP initiation site in some opener axons during prolonged firing. This shift occurred concomitantly with a reduction in synaptic delay. A similar reduction in synaptic delay was also detected at some VSF axons, and can be attributed to the same mechanism. Results reported here suggest that DM at low concentrations result in: (i) depolarization block of motor axons before changes in network output can be detected, (ii) variable effects on synaptic transmission, with this variability presumably due to the diverse morphology and excitability of motor axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Meng
- Department of Biology, Boston University, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, United States.
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14
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Effects of monoterpenes on ion channels of excitable cells. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:83-97. [PMID: 25956464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals and a major constituent of plant-derived 'essential oils'. Monoterpenes such as menthol, carvacrol, and eugenol have been utilized for therapeutical purposes and food additives for centuries and have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic actions. In recent years there has been increasing interest in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules. There is evidence indicating that monoterpenes can modulate the functional properties of several types of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, suggesting that some of their pharmacological actions may be mediated by modulations of ion channel function. In this report, we review the literature concerning the interaction of monoterpenes with various ion channels.
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15
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Yang L, Li L. Actions of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin on sodium channels expressed in rat cerebral cortical neurons. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 25:63-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.985355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Gatto M, Fioretti M, Fabrizi G, Gherardi M, Strafella E, Santarelli L. Effects of potential neurotoxic pesticides on hearing loss: A review. Neurotoxicology 2014; 42:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Cao D, Chen N, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Liu L, Yang J, An L. β-cypermethrin-induced acute neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex of mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:44-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Côté J, Bonvalot Y, Carrier G, Lapointe C, Fuhr U, Tomalik-Scharte D, Wachall B, Bouchard M. A novel toxicokinetic modeling of cypermethrin and permethrin and their metabolites in humans for dose reconstruction from biomarker data. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88517. [PMID: 24586336 PMCID: PMC3935837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess exposure to pyrethroids in the general population, one of most widely used method nowadays consists of measuring urinary metabolites. Unfortunately, interpretation of data is limited by the unspecified relation between dose and levels in biological tissues and excreta. The objective of this study was to develop a common multi-compartment toxicokinetic model to predict the time courses of two mainly used pyrethroid pesticides, permethrin and cypermethrin, and their metabolites (cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA) in the human body and in accessible biological matrices following different exposure scenarios. Toxicokinetics was described mathematically by systems of differential equations to yield the time courses of these pyrethroids and their metabolites in the different compartments. Unknown transfer rate values between compartments were determined from best fits to available human data on the urinary excretion time courses of metabolites following an oral and dermal exposure to cypermethrin in volunteers. Since values for these coefficients have not yet been determined, a mathematical routine was programmed in MathCad to establish the possible range of values on the basis of physiological and mathematical considerations. The best combination of parameter values was then selected using a statistic measure (reliability factor) along with a statistically acceptable range of values for each parameter. With this approach, simulations provided a close approximation to published time course data. This model allows to predict urinary time courses of trans-DCCA, cis-DCCA and 3-PBA, whatever the exposure route. It can also serve to reconstruct absorbed doses of permethrin or cypermethrin in the population using measured biomarker data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Côté
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvette Bonvalot
- Environmental Health Program, Health Canada, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaétan Carrier
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Lapointe
- Environmental Health Program, Health Canada, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Köln, Germany
| | - Dorota Tomalik-Scharte
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Köln, Germany
| | - Bertil Wachall
- Infectopharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Heppenheim, Germany
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Haverinen J, Vornanen M. Effects of deltamethrin on excitability and contractility of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 159:1-9. [PMID: 24100050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are extensively used for the control of pest insects and disease vectors. Pyrethroid use is regarded safe due to their selective toxicity: they are effective against insects but relatively harmless to mammals and birds. Unfortunately, pyrethroids are very toxic to fishes. The high toxicity of pyrethroids to fishes is only partly explained by slow elimination rate of toxins, suggesting that high affinity binding to their molecular targets, the Na(+) channels, is involved. This study tests the hypothesis that Na(+) channels of the fish heart are targets to a type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), and therefore pyrethroids are cardiotoxic to fishes. In ventricular myocytes of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart DM (10(-7)-3·10(-5) M) modified Na(+) current by slowing inactivation and shifting the reversal potential of the current to the left. Maximally 31±2% of the cardiac Na(+) channels were modified by DM and the half-maximal effect occurred at the concentration of 2.1 μM. The effect of DM on trout cardiac Na(+) channels is stronger and occurs about an order of magnitude lower in concentration in comparison to the orthologous mammalian Na(+) channels. In sinoatrial preparations of the trout heart DM (10 μM) caused irregularities in rate, rhythm and force of the heartbeat indicating that DM can be arrhythmogenic for the trout heart. Consistent with this, DM (>0.1 μM) induced spontaneous action potentials in otherwise quiescent ventricular myocytes. DM (10 μM) did not affect calcium current or inward rectifier and delayed rectifier potassium currents. Collectively, these findings indicate that DM exerts cardiotoxic effects in trout, and suggest that the high sensitivity of fishes to pyrethroid toxicity might be partially due to the high affinity of fish Na(+) channels to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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20
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Han Y, Cao D, Li X, Zhang R, Yu F, Ren Y, An L. Attenuation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase activity contributes to GABA increase in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to β-cypermethrin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:317-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113497770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and GABA metabolic enzymes (GABA transaminase (GABAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)) activities at 2 and 4 h after treatment, using a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detectors and colorimetric assay, in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin by a single oral gavage, with corn oil as vehicle control. In addition, GABA protein (4 h after treatment), GABAT protein (2 h after treatment) and GABA receptors messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. β-Cypermethrin (80 mg/kg) significantly increased GABA levels in the cerebral cortex of mice, at both 2 and 4 h after treatment, compared with the control. Also, GABA immunohistochemistry results suggested that the number of positive granules was increased in the cerebral cortex of mice 4 h after exposure to 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin when compared with the control. Furthermore, the results also showed that GABAT activity detected was significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex of mice 2 h after β-cypermethrin administration (40 or 80 mg/kg). No significant changes were found in GAD activity, or the expression of GABAT protein and GABAB receptors mRNA, in the cerebral cortex of mice, except that 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin caused a significant decrease, compared with the vehicle control, in GABAA receptors mRNA expression 4 h after administration. These results suggested that attenuated GABAT activity induced by β-cypermethrin contributed to increased GABA levels in the mouse brain. The downregulated GABAA receptors mRNA expression is most likely a downstream event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - D Cao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University. Tianjin, China
| | - X Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - R Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - F Yu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Ren
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L An
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Chi CC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Jan CR. Effect of the pesticide, deltamethrin, on Ca2+signaling and apoptosis in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:25-31. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.806528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Wei B, Isukapalli SS, Weisel CP. Studying permethrin exposure in flight attendants using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:416-27. [PMID: 23462847 PMCID: PMC4063416 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of potential health risks to flight attendants from exposure to pyrethroid insecticides, used for aircraft disinsection, is limited because of (a) lack of information on exposures to these insecticides, and (b) lack of tools for linking these exposures to biomarker data. We developed and evaluated a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to assess the exposure of flight attendants to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin attributable to aircraft disinsection. The permethrin PBPK model was developed by adapting previous models for pyrethroids, and was parameterized using currently available metabolic parameters for permethrin. The human permethrin model was first evaluated with data from published human studies. Then, it was used to estimate urinary metabolite concentrations of permethrin in flight attendants who worked in aircrafts, which underwent residual and pre-flight spray treatments. The human model was also applied to analyze the toxicokinetics following permethrin exposures attributable to other aircraft disinsection scenarios. Predicted levels of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite of permethrin, following residual disinsection treatment were comparable to the measurements made for flight attendants. Simulations showed that the median contributions of the dermal, oral and inhalation routes to permethrin exposure in flight attendants were 83.5%, 16.1% and 0.4% under residual treatment scenario, respectively, and were 5.3%, 5.0% and 89.7% under pre-flight spray scenario, respectively. The PBPK model provides the capability to simulate the toxicokinetic profiles of permethrin, and can be used in the studies on human exposure to permethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Wei
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Sastry S. Isukapalli
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Clifford P. Weisel
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Hossain MM, Suzuki T, Richardson JR, Kobayashi H. Acute effects of pyrethroids on serotonin release in the striatum of awake rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 27:150-6. [PMID: 23132818 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the acute neurotoxic effects of three different pyrethroids, allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin on the release of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the striatum of conscious rats using microdialysis. Allethrin 10 mg/kg reduced extracellular levels of 5-HT to 46%, whereas 20 and 60 mg/kg increased the release to 177% and 243% of baseline, respectively. Cyhalothrin increased 5-HT release to 145-204% and deltamethrin decreased to 58-32% of baseline in a dose-dependent manner. None of the pyrethroids tested altered extracellular levels of 5-HIAA. Local infusion of the voltage-gated sodium channel antagonist tetrodotoxin (TTX) into striatum completely prevented the effects of allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin (10 and 20 mg/kg) on 5-HT release. The effect of deltamethrin at 60 mg/kg was completely abolished by striatal infusion of nimodipine (L-type Ca⁺⁺ channel antagonist) with TTX. These findings suggest that pyrethroids disrupt the serotonergic neurotransmission in striatum in a dose-related manner with Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channel-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Fetoui H, Gdoura R. Synthetic pyrethroid increases lipid and protein oxidation and induces glutathione depletion in the cerebellum of adult rats: ameliorative effect of vitamin C. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1151-60. [PMID: 22918067 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112444478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. The objective of the current study was aimed to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress in lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC)-induced cerebellum damages in adult rats and to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin C (vit C) as antioxidant. Exposure of rats to LTC during 3 weeks caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyls (PCO) along with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gluthione-S-transferase (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The oral administration of vit C (200 mg/kg per d) to LTC-treated rats significantly (p < 0.05) diminished the levels of LPO, NO and PCO and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Our results showed that the administration of vit C could ameliorate some of the oxidative damage in the cerebellum induced by SPs exposure, suggesting that the ascorbic acid could exhibit a potential antioxidant activity against neurotoxicity induced by pesticides exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wei B, Mohan KR, Weisel CP. Exposure of flight attendants to pyrethroid insecticides on commercial flights: urinary metabolite levels and implications. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 215:465-73. [PMID: 21937269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides have been used for disinsection of commercial aircrafts. However, little is known about the pyrethroids exposure of flight attendants. The objective of the study was to assess pyrethroids exposure of flight attendants working on commercial aircrafts through monitoring the urinary pyrethroids metabolite levels. Eighty four urine samples were collected from 28 flight attendants, 18-65 years of age, with seventeen working on planes that were non-disinsected, and eleven working on planes that had been disinsected. Five urinary metabolites of pyrethroids were measured using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), cis-/trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propane carboxylic acid (cis-/trans-Cl2CA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-Br2CA) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA). Flight attendants working on disinsected planes had significantly higher urinary levels of 3-PBA, cis- and trans-Cl2CA in pre, post- and 24-h-post flight samples than those on planes which did not report having been disinsected. Urinary levels of cis-Br2CA and 4F-3-PBA did not show significant differences between the two groups. Flight attendants working on international flights connected to Australia had higher urinary levels of 3-PBA, cis- and trans-Cl2CA than those on either domestic and other international flights flying among Asia, Europe and North America. Post-disinsection duration (number of days from disinsection date to flight date) was the most significant factor affecting the urinary pyrethroid metabolites levels of 3-PBA, cis- and trans-Cl2CA of the group flying on disinsected aircraft. It was concluded that working on commercial aircraft disinsected by pyrethroids resulted in elevated body burdens of 3-PBA, cis- and trans-Cl2CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Wei
- Exposure Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, A Joint Institute of Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Gammon DW, Leggett MF, Clark JM. Pyrethroid mode(s) of action in the context of Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2773-2785. [PMID: 21388186 DOI: 10.1021/jf103901k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) in June 2009 concluded that a common mode of action existed for pyrethroids, with two subgroups. The purpose of this SAP was to advise the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on the validity of regulation of pyrethroids as a single class under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Two types of pyrethroid action were first described for clinical signs in the rat and clinical signs/nerve effects in the cockroach. In insects, Type I clinical signs correlate with repetitive firing in nerve axons, especially fine sensory axons. The Na(+) inward current is via a TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Type II (α-CN) effects on VGSCs do not include repetitive firing following stimulation in these axons. Instead, Type II effects on VGSCs include prolonged Na(+) tail currents along with depolarization of nerve membrane. Other Type II effects have been measured on VG Ca(2+) and K(+) channels and VG and GABA-activated Cl(-) channels. In conclusion, in vivo pyrethroid effects in mammals should be linked with specific channel effects, allowing the use of specific clinical signs or ion channel effects for pyrethroid risk assessment.
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Abstract
The ability to clone, express, and electrophysiologically measure currents carried by voltage-gated ion channels has allowed a detailed assessment of the action of pyrethroids on various target proteins.Recently, the heterologous expression of various rat brain voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms in Xenopus laevis oocytes has determined a wide range of sensitivities to the pyrethroids, with some channels virtually insensitive and others highly sensitive. Furthermore, some isoforms show selective sensitivity to certain pyrethroids and this selectivity can be altered in a state-dependent manner. Additionally, some rat brain isoforms are apparently more sensitive to pyrethroids than the corresponding human isoform. These finding may have significant relevance in judging the merit and value of assessing the risk of pyrethroid exposures to humans using toxicological studies done in rat.Other target sites for certain pyrethroids include the voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Of particular interest is the increased effect of Type II pyrethroids on certain phosphoforms of the N-type Ca(v)2.2 calcium channel following post-translational modification and its relationship to enhanced neurotransmitter release seen in vivo.Lastly, parallel neurobehavioral and mechanistic studies on three target sites suggest that a fundamental difference exists between the action of Types I and II pyrethroids, both on a functional and molecular level. These differences should be considered in any future risk evaluation of the pyrethroids.
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Zhang J, Yang M, Wang W, Sun H, Xu Y, Ma L, Sun Y, Zhu C. prag01, a novel deltamethrin-resistance-associated gene from Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:417-23. [PMID: 20922424 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prag01 gene (GenBank accession no. EU073017) was cloned from Culex pipiens pallens. An open reading frame of 270 bp was found to encode a putative 89-amino-acid protein which has the highest homology with Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles funestus. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription level of prag01 gene in deltamethrin-resistant strain was 1.65-fold higher than in deltamethrin-susceptible strain of C. pipiens pallens. Overexpression of prag01 gene in the mosquito C6/36 cells showed better prolification than the cells with empty vector when treated by deltamethrin. Our data for the first time approved that prag01 gene might play some role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in C. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
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Cao Z, Shafer TJ, Murray TF. Mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide-induced stimulation of calcium influx in neocortical neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:197-205. [PMID: 20881019 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting neuronal function. Pyrethroids have also been reported to alter the function of other channel types, including activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Therefore, the present study compared the ability of 11 structurally diverse pyrethroids to evoke Ca(2+) influx in primary cultures of mouse neocortical neurons. Nine pyrethroids (tefluthrin, deltamethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, S-bioallethrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, and bifenthrin) produced concentration-dependent elevations in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in neocortical neurons. Permethrin and resmethrin were without effect on [Ca(2+)](i). These pyrethroids displayed a range of efficacies on Ca(2+) influx; however, the EC(50) values for active pyrethroids all were within one order of magnitude. Tetrodotoxin blocked increases in [Ca(2+)](i) caused by all nine active pyrethroids, indicating that the effects depended on VGSC activation. The pathways for deltamethrin- and tefluthrin-induced Ca(2+) influx include N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, L-type Ca(2+) channels, and reverse mode of operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger inasmuch as antagonists of these sites blocked deltamethrin-induced Ca(2+) influx. These data demonstrate that pyrethroids stimulate Ca(2+) entry into neurons subsequent to their actions on VGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Kuang H, Miao H, Wu Y, Shen J, Xu C. Enantioselective determination of cypermethrin in pig muscle tissue by immunoaffinity extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weiner ML, Nemec M, Sheets L, Sargent D, Breckenridge C. Comparative functional observational battery study of twelve commercial pyrethroid insecticides in male rats following acute oral exposure. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Breckenridge CB, Holden L, Sturgess N, Weiner M, Sheets L, Sargent D, Soderlund DM, Choi JS, Symington S, Clark JM, Burr S, Ray D. Evidence for a separate mechanism of toxicity for the Type I and the Type II pyrethroid insecticides. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S17-31. [PMID: 19766671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity and mechanistic data were collected for six alpha-cyano pyrethroids (beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) and up to six non-cyano containing pyrethroids (bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin [or allethrin], permethrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin [or its cis-isomer, cismethrin] and tefluthrin under standard conditions. Factor analysis and multivariate dissimilarity analysis were employed to evaluate four independent data sets comprised of (1) fifty-six behavioral and physiological parameters from an acute neurotoxicity functional observatory battery (FOB), (2) eight electrophysiological parameters from voltage clamp experiments conducted on the Na(v)1.8 sodium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes, (3) indices of efficacy, potency and binding calculated for calcium ion influx across neuronal membranes, membrane depolarization and glutamate released from rat brain synaptosomes and (4) changes in chloride channel open state probability using a patch voltage clamp technique for membranes isolated from mouse neuroblastoma cells. The pyrethroids segregated into Type I (T--syndrome-tremors) and Type II (CS syndrome--choreoathetosis with salivation) groups based on FOB data. Of the alpha-cyano pyrethroids, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin arrayed themselves strongly in a dose-dependent manner along two factors that characterize the CS syndrome. Esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin displayed weaker response profiles compared to the non-cyano pyrethroids. Visual clustering on multidimensional scaling (MDS) maps based upon sodium ion channel and calcium influx and glutamate release dissimilarities gave similar groupings. The non-cyano containing pyrethroids were arrayed in a dose-dependent manner along two different factors that characterize the T-syndrome. Bifenthrin was an outlier when MDS maps of the non-cyano pyrethroids were based on sodium ion channel characteristics and permethrin was an outlier when the MDS maps were based on calcium influx/glutamate release potency. Four of six alpha-cyano pyrethroids (lambda-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenpropathrin) reduced open chloride channel probability. The R-isomers of lambda-l-cyhalothrin reduced open channel probability whereas the S-isomers, antagonized the action of the R-isomers. None of the non-cyano pyrethroids reduced open channel probability, except bioallethrin, which gave a weak response. Overall, based upon neurotoxicity data and the effect of pyrethroids on sodium, calcium and chloride ion channels, it is proposed that bioallethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, bifenthrin and permethrin belong to one common mechanism group and deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin belong to a second. Fenpropathrin and esfenvalerate occupy an intermediate position between these two groups.
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Wu SN, Wu YH, Chen BS, Lo YC, Liu YC. Underlying mechanism of actions of tefluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, on voltage-gated ion currents and on action currents in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells and GnRH-secreting (GT1-7) neurons. Toxicology 2009; 258:70-7. [PMID: 19378468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tefluthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid and involved in acute neurotoxic effects. How this compound affects ion currents in endocrine or neuroendocrine cells remains unclear. Its effects on membrane ion currents in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells and in hypothalamic (GT1-7) neurons were investigated. Application of Tef (10 microM) increased the amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa), along with a slowing in current inactivation and deactivation in GH3 cells. The current-voltage relationship of INa was shifted to more negative potentials in the presence of this compound. Tef increased INa with an EC50 value of 3.2 +/- 0.8 microM. It also increased the amplitude of persistent INa. Tef reduced the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current. This agent slightly inhibited K+ outward current; however, it had no effect on the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Under cell-attached voltage-clamp recordings, Tef (10 microM) increased amplitude and frequency of spontaneous action currents, along with appearance of oscillatory inward currents. Tef-induced inward currents were suppressed after further application of tetrodotoxin, riluzole or ranolazine. In GT1-7 cells, Tef also increased the amplitude and frequency of action currents. Taken together, the effects of Tef and its structural related pyrethroids on ion currents can contribute to the underlying mechanisms through which they affect endocrine or neuroendocrine function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of rats: Ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Clark JM, Symington SB. Neurotoxic implications of the agonistic action of CS-syndrome pyrethroids on the N-type Ca(v)2.2 calcium channel. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2008; 64:628-38. [PMID: 18383452 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cismethrin (T-syndrome) and deltamethrin (CS-syndrome) pyrethroids have been previously shown to increase membrane depolarization and calcium influx, but only deltamethrin increased Ca(2+)-dependent neurotransmitter release from rat brain synaptosomes. Deltamethrin's action was blocked by omega-conotoxin GVIA, delineating a separate action at N-type Ca(v)2.2 channels that is consistent with the in vivo release of neurotransmitter. It is hypothesized that other CS-syndrome pyrethroids will elicit similar actions at presynaptic nerve terminals. RESULTS Nine additional pyrethroids were similarly examined, and these data were used in a cluster analysis. CS-syndrome pyrethroids that possessed alpha-cyano groups, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and esfenvalerate, all caused Ca(2+) influx and neurotransmitter release and clustered with two other alpha-cyano pyrethroids, cyfluthrin and cyhalothrin, that shared these same actions. T-syndrome pyrethroids, bioallethrin, cismethrin and fenpropathrin, did not share these actions and clustered with two non-alpha-cyano pyrethroids, tefluthin and bifenthrin, which likewise did not elicit these actions. Deltamethrin reduced peak current of heterologously expressed wild-type Ca(v)2.2, increased peak current of T422E Ca(v)2.2 and was 20-fold more potent on T422E Ca(v)2.2 than on wild-type channels, indicating that the permanently phosphorylated form of Ca(v)2.2 is the preferred target. CONCLUSIONS Ca(v)2.2 is directly modified by deltamethrin, but the resulting perturbation is dependent upon its phosphorylation state. The present findings may provide a partial explanation for the different toxic syndromes produced by these structurally distinct pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Xu Y, Yang M, Sun J, Qian J, Zhang D, Sun Y, Ma L, Zhu C. Glycogen branching enzyme: a novel deltamethrin resistance-associated gene from Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:449-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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