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Giannico F, Karatosidi D, Carbonara C, Ragni M, Tarricone S, Caputi Jambrenghi A, Tedone L, Colonna MA. Effects of grazing on grassland or wood-pasture, slaughtering age and ageing time on meat production and quality in Podolian young bulls. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 39089404 PMCID: PMC11299441 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2381544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Podolian cattle is an autochthonous breed well adapted to the harsh semi-arid environments of the Southern Italy regions; the extensive rearing system used for these indigenous animals is based on grazing on spontaneous pastures, such as grasslands or wood pastures These grazing systems respect animal welfare and enrich animal products with characteristics closely related to the feeding system and the farming environment. The aim of the present study was to characterize the nutritional value of a forage crop and a wood-pasture and to evaluate the effects of grazing by Podolian young bulls on the performances and meat quality in relation to the age at slaughter (14 or 18 months) and to the ageing time of meat (3, 9 or 14 days). The metabolizable energy and the gas production were greater in April and June for both pasture systems. Young bulls raised on the grassland showed greater slaughter weights (p < 0.05) as compared to those fed on the woodland system, at both the slaughtering ages. The Warner Bratzler Shear (WBS) force values for raw and cooked meat were not influenced by the pasture system but they significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in relation to the ageing time in all the groups. Ageing markedly (p < 0.05) increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration from 3 to 14 days of storage, regardless of the pasture system and the slaughtering age. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of meat was markedly lower in grassland animals, regardless of the age of slaughter. In conclusion, 18 months old grassland beef showed better performances and yield of meat cuts. Ageing for 9 days positively affected meat WBS without increasing MDA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giannico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Despoina Karatosidi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Giannitsa, Pella, Greece
| | - Claudia Carbonara
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tarricone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Tedone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Choudhary M, Garg K, Reddy MB, Meena BL, Mondal B, Tuti MD, Kumar S, Awasthi MK, Giri BS, Kumar S, Rajawat MVS. Unlocking growth potential: Synergistic potassium fertilization for enhanced yield, nutrient uptake, and energy fractions in Chinese cabbage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28765. [PMID: 38586349 PMCID: PMC10998139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of integrated potassium management presents a viable approach for augmenting plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake while enhancing soil nutrient availability. A field experiment was executed during the rabi season of 2020, employing a randomized complete block design encompassing eight treatments involving standard (100%) and reduced (75% and 50%) rates of the recommended dose of potassium (RDK) administered through muriate of potash (MOP). Treatments included variations in the incorporation/exclusion of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), farmyard manure (FYM) at 25% of potassium recommendation, and foliar application of nano potash. The use of 100% RDK +25% K augmentation through FYM + PGPR and nano K fertilizer spray at 25 and 40 DAS (T8) exhibited significant enhancements in green fodder yield (64.0 ± 2.2 t ha-1) over control with no potassium application (47.3 ± 3.7 t ha-1) and found at par with and 75% RDK + 25% K augmentation through FYM + PGPR and nano K fertilizer spray at 25 and 40 DAS (T7). These treatments yielded maximum percent increase for plant height (34.9%), leaf count (38.5%), leaf dimensions (28.8-31.5%), stem girth (25.84%), root volume (27.0%), and root length (37.64%), observed at the harvest stage compared to control (T1-no potassium application). The treatment T8 was on par with T7 and recorded highest uptake of macro (N, P, and K) and micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) nutrients. While soil parameters such as available nitrogen and potassium levels were notably increased through the application of treatment T7 across various treatment combinations and found significantly superiority over treatment T8. Multivariate analysis also highlighted treatment T7 is more efficient in maintaining sustainability. Hence, based on the present findings it can be concluded that application of 75% RDK +25% K augmentation through FYM + PGPR and nano K fertilizer spray at 25 and 40 DAS (T7) can be recommended for achieving enhanced productivity and soil fertility improvement within agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Choudhary
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Kamal Garg
- Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Marthala Bhuvaneswar Reddy
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP, 243122, India
| | - Babu Lal Meena
- Project Coordinating Unit, ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Harayana, 132001, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Mangal Deep Tuti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3 Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Agronomy Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Qi J, Wang X, Zhang T, Li C, Wang Z. Adult Feeding Experience Determines the Fecundity and Preference of the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38666862 PMCID: PMC11048397 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Both larvae and adults of the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata feed on leaves of potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants. Given the variation in planting times of host plants in the Jianghan Plain, host switching between larvae and adults of H. vigintioctopunctata is inevitable to ensure continuous food availability. We evaluated the effect of consistent versus diverse larval and adult host plant feeding experience on growth performance, fecundity, longevity, and feeding preferences of H. vigintioctopunctata through match-mismatch experiments. Host plant quality significantly influences larval development and adult reproduction. Potatoes are identified as the optimal host plant for H. vigintioctopunctata, whereas eggplants significantly negatively affect the adult fecundity. Adult stage host feeding experience determines the fecundity of H. vigintioctopunctata, irrespective of the larval feeding experience. The fecundity of H. vigintioctopunctata adults on eggplant leaves remains significantly lower than that observed on potato leaves. Similarly, adult H. vigintioctopunctata demonstrate a preference for consuming potato leaves, irrespective of the larval feeding experience. Although host switching between larval and adult stages offers lesser benefits for the performance of herbivorous insects compared to a consistent diet with potato leaves, it maintains H. vigintioctopunctata population continuity amidst shortages of high-quality potato hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zailing Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.Q.); (X.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.)
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Vélez-Terranova M, Salamanca-Carreño A, Vargas-Corzo OM, Parés-Casanova PM, Arias-Landazábal JN. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Native Grasses from the Floodplain Lowlands Ecosystem in the Colombian Orinoquia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2760. [PMID: 37685024 PMCID: PMC10486961 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Grasses from lowland ecosystems in flooded savannahs are useful to feed extensive grazing animals; however, scarce information about its agronomic and fermentation characteristics exists. This study aims to determine the chemical composition and fermentation parameters of native grasses from the floodplain lowlands ecosystem in the Colombian Orinoquia. Three native grasses (Leersia hexandra, Acroceras zizanioides and Hymenachne amplexicaulis) and a "control" grass (introduced Urochloa arrecta-Tanner grass) were sown and sampled at 30, 40 and 50 days of age. On each sampling date, biomass production in a 1 m2 frame was estimated, and the chemical composition and fermentation parameters were analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy and the in vitro gas production technique, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures and the least significant difference (LSD) was used for mean differentiation (p < 0.05). The grasses' nutritional characteristics varied as follows: dry matter (DM, 0.7-2.0 ton/ha), crude protein (CP, 6.1-12.2%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 56.6-69.6%), ash (5.8-15.8%) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) between 20.8 and 60.6% from 12 to 48 h of fermentation. Native plants such as L. hexandra and A. zizanioides presented higher biomass production, CP, ash, cellulose, and Ca levels than the control plant. During the experimental period (30 to 50 days), the grasses did not present significant nutrient availability changes. In terms of fermentation characteristics, L. hexandra increased ammonia concentrations and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and butyric acid. This latter effect was also observed in A. zizanioides grass. L. hexandra and A. zizanioides grasses constitute a valuable alternative forage resource during the flooding times of the studied ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia
| | | | | | - José N. Arias-Landazábal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia
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Abraham G, Kechero Y, Andualem D. Nutritional quality of indigenous legume browse in southern Ethiopia: farmers' preference and correlation of local valuation of feed value with scientific indicators. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1198212. [PMID: 37671277 PMCID: PMC10475582 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing a technology for fodder trees and shrubs tailored to farmers' preferences is best done with their input, perceptions, and interests in mind. Objective The research aimed to determine farmer preferences for indigenous legumes, fodder trees, and shrubs (ILFTS) and to examine the relationship between feed valuation and scientific parameters. Methods A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 10 farmers in each agroecological zone to determine the benchmarks for the preference ratings. The respondent farmers used the preference score sheet to rate all ILFTS on an individual basis. Twenty farmers with extensive experience in ILFTS took part in the preference score rating of each plant species in each agroecosystems. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), metabolizable energy (ME) and condensed tannin (CT) content of the samples were determined. The standard two-stage in vitro Tilley and Terry method was used to measure the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of samples. Digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) and ME values were estimated using standard models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the variation among the species in agroecosystems. Tukey HSD tests were used for mean separation. Results and discussions Farmers evaluated the ILFTS using a variety of parameters, according to the study (feed value, growth rate, biomass output, compatibility, and multifunctionality). The farmers' ILFTS preference score on the evaluation criteria differed considerably (p<0.05) with species in agroecosystems. The CP, ash, and ME values of ILFTS in the study were moderate to high although exhibited a wide variation among the species in agroecosystems. The CP content was above the minimum requirement (8%) to support the normal function of rumen microorganisms. Moreover, CP content exhibited a positive significant correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD, and DOMD, unlike CT and ADL which exhibited a negative significant correlation. Conversely, the DM, OM, CP, IVDMD, IVOMD, DOMD, and ME were shown a positive significant correlation with farmers' feed value preference score, unlike the ADL and CT which exhibited a negative significant correlation. Conclusions Farmers' indigenous knowledge of feed value is therefore relevant for judging the nutritive value of the ILFTS and could complement the scientific indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Abraham
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba-Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yisehak Kechero
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba-Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Andualem
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Santander D, Clariget J, Banchero G, Alecrim F, Simon Zinno C, Mariotta J, Gere J, Ciganda VS. Beef Steers and Enteric Methane: Reducing Emissions by Managing Forage Diet Fiber Content. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071177. [PMID: 37048433 PMCID: PMC10093059 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the methane (CH4) emissions that are produced by enteric fermentation is one of the main problems to be solved for livestock, due to their GHG effects. These emissions are affected by the quantity and quality of their diets, thus, it is key to accurately define the intake and fiber content (NDF) of these forage diets. On the other hand, different emission prediction equations have been developed; however, there are scarce and uncertain results regarding their evaluation of the emissions that have been observed in forage diets. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the NDF content of a forage diet on CH4 enteric emissions, and to evaluate the ability of models to predict the emissions from the animals that are consuming these forage diets. In total, thirty-six Angus steers (x¯ = 437 kg live weight) aged 18 months, blocked by live weight and placed in three automated feeding pens, were used to measure the enteric CH4. The animals were randomly assigned to two forage diets (n = 18), with moderate (<50%, MF) and high (>50%, HF) NDF contents. Their dry matter intake was recorded individually, and the CH4 emissions were measured using the SF6 tracer gas technique. For the model evaluation, six prediction equations were compared with 29 studies (n = 97 observations), analyzing the accuracy and precision of their estimates. The emission intensities per unit of DMI, per ADG, and per gross energy intake were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the animals consuming the MF diet than in the animals consuming the HF diet (21.7 vs. 23.7 g CH4/kg DMI, 342 vs. 660 g CH4/kg ADG, and 6.7% vs. 7.5%, respectively), but there were no differences in the absolute emissions (p > 0.05). The best performing model was the IPCC 2006 model (r2 = 0.7, RMSE = 74.04). These results show that reducing the NDF content of a forage diet by at least 10% (52 g/kg DM) reduces the intensity of the g CH4/kg DMI by up to 8%, and that of the g CH4/kg ADG by almost half. The use of the IPCC 2006 model is suitable for estimating the CH4 emissions from animals consuming forage-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santander
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Juan Clariget
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Fabiano Alecrim
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Claudia Simon Zinno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - Julieta Mariotta
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
| | - José Gere
- Engineering Research and Development Division, National Technological University (UTN), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1179, Argentina
| | - Verónica S. Ciganda
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Semillero, Colonia 70006, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-98451147
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Choudhary P, Prasad M, Choudhary M, Kumar A, Kumar S, Srinivasan R, Mahawer SK. Exploring invasive weed biochar as soil amendment: A study on fodder oats productivity and soil biological properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114527. [PMID: 36265607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is known for the improvement of soil health, fertility, crop productivity, and quality in many agro-ecosystems globally, but information regarding fodder yield, quality, and soil microbial activity responses to biochar application remains very limited. The objective of this study was to prepare biochar from invasive weeds, i.e., Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Lantana camara L., and use it as a soil amendment along with inorganic fertilizers for oats (Avena sativa L.) growth, fodder yield, quality, and soil microbial activities in a two-year pot experiment. Treatments were comprised of control, 100% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers), 75% RDF along with three doses (2.5, 5.0, and 10 t/ha) of Parthenium hysterophorus L. biochar (PB) and Lantana camara L. biochar (LB), PB (10 t/ha), and LB (10 t/ha). Results showed that application of 75% RDF along with 10 t/ha LB gave significantly higher green (∼8%) and dry (∼7.8%) fodder yield and crude protein (∼6%) and decreased acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) by 5.70 and 6.04% as compared to the 100% RDF treatment. The same treatment had a significantly higher population of bacteria (7.33 × 108 colony forming unit (CFU)/g soil), alkaline phosphatase activity (19.56 μg pNP/g soil/h), microbial biomass carbon (156.67 μg/g soil) and dehydrogenase activity (12.59 μg TPF/g/24 h), whereas the maximum fungal population (13.33 × 104 CFU/g soil) and acid phosphatase activity (14.45 μg pNP/g soil/h) were found in 75% RDF along with 10 t/ha PB and control treatment, respectively. This study concluded that application of invasive weed biochar along with inorganic fertilizers can benefit fodder yield and quality of oats by increasing plant height and number of tillers directly and by improving nutrient availability and water holding capacity (WHC) of soil indirectly, besides improving soil health. The findings from this study will provide a potential strategy for invasive weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Choudhary
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Mahendra Prasad
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India.
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Mahawer
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
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Sharafatmandrad M, Khosravi Mashizi A. Exploring the most important indicators for environmental condition assessment using structural equation modeling and InVEST habitat quality model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:232. [PMID: 36574055 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Land degradation threatens the social welfare of human societies. In order to identify the most important indicators for land degradation assessment, this article quantified 36 vegetation and soil indicators. Ecosystem condition was determined based on the ecosystem threats using the InVEST habitat quality model, dividing the region to five degradation classes, i.e., negligible, little, medium, high, and very high degradation classes. The structural equation modeling showed that vegetation indicators were more important than soil indicators for land degradation assessment. Climate had a significant mediation on the relationships between soil and vegetation indicators and degradation (P < 0.05). Warning indicators were identified for each degradation stage. The mean changes of degradation indicators were 18, 35, 56, and 78% in little, medium, high, and very high degradation classes, respectively. Cold and semi-arid climates were more influenced by vegetation indicators which had the most variations in the early stages of degradation. Warm and arid regions were more affected by soil indicators, which had the most variations in the high and very high degradation stages. This approach provides comprehensive and necessary information about the condition of ecosystems by determining the severity of degradation in an area, the most important warning indicators of degradation, and the deviation of ecosystems from normal condition at each degradation classes, which helps a lot to managers to choose appropriate restoration plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sharafatmandrad
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, 8th km of Jiroft-Bandar Abbas road, P.O. Box: 7867161167, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Azam Khosravi Mashizi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, 8th km of Jiroft-Bandar Abbas road, P.O. Box: 7867161167, Jiroft, Iran
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Alternative Forages as Roughage for Ruminant: Nutritional Characteristics and Digestibility of Six Exotic Plants in Azores Archipelago. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243587. [PMID: 36552506 PMCID: PMC9774218 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of unconventional plants: Pittosporum undulatum, Cryptomeria japonica, Acacia melanoxylon, Hedychium gardnerianum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Arundo donax, as an alternative roughage for ruminants. Chemical composition, gross energy, in vitro gas production, kinetics, and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in vitro were determined for each species. The obtained results showed variations between the studied forages concerning crude protein, and the different fiber fractions: NDF, ADF, and ADL The P. undulatum with a relative food value of 92.12%, showed a significant difference compared to the other species under study. After 96 h of incubation, the plants that produced, on average, less in vitro gas were A. melanoxylon and E. globulus. Among the studied species, A. donax stands out as the species that presented the highest gas production, with 31.53 mL. 200 mg-1 DM, observing a significant difference compared to the other plants. This is a reflection of it having the highest DMD (60.44 ± 1.22%) as well. P. undulatum was the species with the longest colonization time (4.8 h). Among the plants studied, we highlight P. undulatum as presenting a good quality in the RFV index and A. donax as having good digestibility. Both can be used as roughage in periods of greater shortage of pastures.
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Contin DR, Costa JVCP, Costa KADP, Martinez CA. Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO 2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO 2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C 4 grass Megathyrsus maximus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033953. [PMID: 36544868 PMCID: PMC9760913 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grasslands are very important to global carbon and water cycles. C4 plants have increased heat tolerance and a CO2 concentrating mechanism that often reduces responses to elevated concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]). Despite the importance of tropical grasslands, there is a scarcity of studies that elucidate how managed tropical grasslands will be affected by elevated [CO2] and warming. In our study, we used a combination of a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems to increase canopy temperature and [CO2] under field conditions, respectively. We warmed a field-grown pasture dominated by the C4 tropical forage grass Megathyrsus maximus by 2°C above ambient under two levels of [CO2] (ambient (aC) and elevated (eC - 600 ppm) to investigate how these two factors isolated or combined regulate water relations through stomatal regulation, and how this combination affects PSII functioning, biochemistry, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. We demonstrated that the effects of warming negated the effects of eC in plant transpiration, water potential, proline content, and soil moisture conservation, resulting in warming canceling the eCO2-induced improvement in these parameters. Furthermore, there were additive effects between eC and warming for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and aboveground nutritive value. Warming sharply intensified the eCO2-induced decrease in crude protein content and increases in forage fibrous fraction and lignin, resulting in a smaller forage digestibility under a warmer CO2-enriched atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of multifactorial studies when investigating global change impacts on managed ecosystems and the potential consequences for the global carbon cycle like amplification in methane emissions by ruminants and feeding a positive climate feedback system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Maestre FT, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Eldridge DJ, Saiz H, Berdugo M, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Guirado E, García-Gómez M, Valencia E, Gaitán JJ, Asensio S, Mendoza BJ, Plaza C, Díaz-Martínez P, Rey A, Hu HW, He JZ, Wang JT, Lehmann A, Rillig MC, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Martínez-Valderrama J, Moreno-Jiménez E, Sala O, Abedi M, Ahmadian N, Alados CL, Aramayo V, Amghar F, Arredondo T, Ahumada RJ, Bahalkeh K, Ben Salem F, Blaum N, Boldgiv B, Bowker MA, Bran D, Bu C, Canessa R, Castillo-Monroy AP, Castro H, Castro I, Castro-Quezada P, Chibani R, Conceição AA, Currier CM, Darrouzet-Nardi A, Deák B, Donoso DA, Dougill AJ, Durán J, Erdenetsetseg B, Espinosa CI, Fajardo A, Farzam M, Ferrante D, Frank ASK, Fraser LH, Gherardi LA, Greenville AC, Guerra CA, Gusmán-Montalvan E, Hernández-Hernández RM, Hölzel N, Huber-Sannwald E, Hughes FM, Jadán-Maza O, Jeltsch F, Jentsch A, Kaseke KF, Köbel M, Koopman JE, Leder CV, Linstädter A, le Roux PC, Li X, Liancourt P, Liu J, Louw MA, Maggs-Kölling G, Makhalanyane TP, Issa OM, Manzaneda AJ, Marais E, Mora JP, Moreno G, Munson SM, Nunes A, Oliva G, Oñatibia GR, Peter G, Pivari MOD, Pueyo Y, Quiroga RE, Rahmanian S, Reed SC, Rey PJ, Richard B, Rodríguez A, Rolo V, Rubalcaba JG, Ruppert JC, Salah A, Schuchardt MA, Spann S, Stavi I, Stephens CRA, Swemmer AM, Teixido AL, Thomas AD, Throop HL, Tielbörger K, Travers S, Val J, Valkó O, van den Brink L, Ayuso SV, Velbert F, Wamiti W, Wang D, Wang L, Wardle GM, Yahdjian L, Zaady E, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Singh BK, Gross N. Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands. Science 2022; 378:915-920. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David J. Eldridge
- Department of Planning and Environment, c/o Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institut de Biología Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gaitán
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Suelos-CNIA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Luján, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Betty J. Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Díaz-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Sala
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | | | - Valeria Aramayo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Fateh Amghar
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Biodiversité, Biotechnologie, Environnement et Développement Durable (BioDev), Faculté des Sciences, Université M’hamed Bougara de Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algérie
| | - Tulio Arredondo
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo J. Ahumada
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Farah Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Range Ecology, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Niels Blaum
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Conservation Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Matthew A. Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Donaldo Bran
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Chongfeng Bu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Helena Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Castro
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Patricio Castro-Quezada
- Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del paisaje, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Roukaya Chibani
- Laboratory of Range Ecology, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Abel A. Conceição
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Courtney M. Currier
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Balázs Deák
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - David A. Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrew J. Dougill
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jorge Durán
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Batdelger Erdenetsetseg
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Carlos I. Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Anke S. K. Frank
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lauchlan H. Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laureano A. Gherardi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C. Greenville
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlos A. Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Rosa M. Hernández-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frederic M. Hughes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Jadán-Maza
- Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del paisaje, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Conservation Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kudzai F. Kaseke
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Köbel
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jessica E. Koopman
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cintia V. Leder
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, CEANPa, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter C. le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Xinkai Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jushan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Michelle A. Louw
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Thulani P. Makhalanyane
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oumarou Malam Issa
- Institut d’Écologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Est Creteil, Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Antonio J. Manzaneda
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb-Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Juan P. Mora
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Seth M. Munson
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Nunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Oliva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Gastón R. Oñatibia
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, CEANPa, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marco O. D. Pivari
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE, CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Emiliano Quiroga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
- Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Soroor Rahmanian
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Rolo
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | | | - Jan C. Ruppert
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Max A. Schuchardt
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sedona Spann
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ilan Stavi
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata, Israel
| | - Colton R. A. Stephens
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony M. Swemmer
- South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Phalaborwa, Kruger National Park, South Africa
| | - Alberto L. Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Heather L. Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samantha Travers
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Val
- Science Division, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, New South Wales Government, Buronga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Sergio Velasco Ayuso
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederike Velbert
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wanyoike Wamiti
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glenda M. Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Jiang K, Yang Z, Sun J, Liu H, Chen S, Zhao Y, Xiong W, Lu W, Wang ZY, Wu X. Evaluation of the tolerance and forage quality of different ecotypes of seashore paspalum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:944894. [PMID: 36247632 PMCID: PMC9559843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seashore paspalum is a halophytic, warm-season grass with wide applications. It is noted for its superior salt tolerance in saline environments; however, the nutritive value of seashore paspalum and the effect of salinity remains to be determined. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between agronomic traits and forage quality and identified the effects of short-term high-salt stress (1 week, 700 mM NaCl) on the growth and forage nutritive value of 16 ecotypes of seashore paspalum. The salt and cold tolerances of the seashore paspalum ecotypes were assessed based on the survival rate following long-term high-salt stress (7 weeks, 700 mM NaCl) and exposure to natural low temperature stress. There were significant genetic (ecotype-specific) effects on plant height, leaf-stem ratio, and survival rate of seashore paspalum following salt or low temperature stress. Plant height was significantly negatively correlated with the leaf-stem ratio (r = -0.63, P<0.01), but the heights and leaf-stem ratios were not significantly correlated with the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the shoots. High salinity decreased the FW and DW of the shoots by 50.6% and 23.6%, respectively, on average. Seashore paspalum exhibited outstanding salt tolerance and forage quality at high salinity. The survival rate of the different ecotypes of seashore paspalum varied from 6.5% to 49.0% following treatment with 700 mM NaCl for 7 weeks. The crude protein (CP) content of the control and treatment groups (700 mM NaCl) was 17.4% and 19.3%, respectively, of the DW on average, and the CP content of most ecotypes was not significantly influenced by high salinity. The average ether extract (EE) content ranged from 4.6% to 4.4% of the DW under control and saline conditions, respectively, indicating that the influence was not significant. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of the control group were 57.4% and 29.8%, respectively, of the DW on average. Salt stress reduced the content of NDF and ADF to 50.2% and 25.9%, respectively, of the DW on average. Altogether, the results demonstrated that stress did not have any significant effects on the CP and EE content of most ecotypes, but reduced the NDF and ADF content and improved relative feed value (RFV). The results obtained herein support the notion that seashore paspalum is a good candidate for improving the forage potential of saline soils and can provide useful guidelines for livestock producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huancheng Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenmiao Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhuo Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wangdan Xiong
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Comparison of Nutritive Values of Tropical Pasture Species Grown in Different Environments, and Implications for Livestock Methane Production: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141806. [PMID: 35883354 PMCID: PMC9311783 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Globally, tropical pasture species predominate in tropical and subtropical climates, and are the primary feed source for grazing livestock including dairy cattle. Therefore, this study aimed at systematically analysing the nutritive values of tropical pastures and the implications of potential methane gas production from tropical pasture species and livestock, in relation to the growing conditions and agronomic management approaches used (defoliation frequency and intensity) across different climates. This analysis allowed us to understand the better performing tropical pasture species grown across wider geographical regions, in order to improve pasture-based livestock production systems. Results revealed that pasture quality and methane gas production varied among and within species, and were significantly affected by the climate and by the agronomic management regime as well. Abstract The demand for dairy products is ever increasing across the world. The livestock sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. The availability of high-quality pasture is a key requirement to increase the productivity of dairy cows as well as manage enteric methane emissions. Warm-season perennial grasses are the dominant forages in tropical and subtropical regions, and thus exploring their nutritive characteristics is imperative in the effort to improve dairy productivity. Therefore, we have collated a database containing a total of 4750 records, with 1277 measurements of nutritive values representing 56 tropical pasture species and hybrid cultivars grown in 26 different locations in 16 countries; this was done in order to compare the nutritive values and GHG production across different forage species, climatic zones, and defoliation management regimes. Average edaphoclimatic (with minimum and maximum values) conditions for tropical pasture species growing environments were characterized as 22.5 °C temperature (range 17.5–29.30 °C), 1253.9 mm rainfall (range 104.5–3390.0 mm), 582.6 m elevation (range 15–2393 m), and a soil pH of 5.6 (range 4.6–7.0). The data revealed spatial variability in nutritive metrics across bioclimatic zones and between and within species. The ranges of these nutrients were as follows: neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 50.9–79.8%, acid detergent fibre (ADF) 24.7–57.4%, crude protein (CP) 2.1–21.1%, dry matter (DM) digestibility 30.2–70.1%, metabolisable energy (ME)3.4–9.7 MJ kg−1 DM, with methane (CH4) production at 132.9–133.3 g animal−1 day−1. The arid/dry zone recorded the highest DM yield, with decreased CP and high fibre components and minerals. Furthermore, the data revealed that climate, defoliation frequency and intensity, in addition to their interactions, have a significant effect on tropical pasture nutritive values and CH4 production. Overall, hybrid and newer tropical cultivars performed well across different climates, with small variations in herbage quality. The current study revealed important factors that affect pasture nutritive values and CH4 emissions, with the potential for improving tropical forage through the selection and management of pasture species.
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Kumar R, Joshi R, Kumar R, Srivatsan V, Satyakam, Chawla A, Patial V, Kumar S. Nutritional quality evaluation and proteome profile of forage species of Western Himalaya. GRASSLAND SCIENCE 2022; 68:214-225. [DOI: 10.1111/grs.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractNaturally occurring forage species in the high‐altitude pasturelands of Western Himalaya are traditionally being utilized for feeding of livestock. However, the nutritional quality evaluation and validation of their potential as feed for livestock needs to be undertaken. Here, we evaluated proximate compositions, minerals and amino acids (AAs) of five high‐altitude forage species, namely, Festuca kashmiriana L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L., Medicago falcate L. and Melilotus indica L. The results revealed that proximate compositions, mineral and AAs varied significantly among the forage species. The carbohydrate, crude protein, moisture content, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, total phenol, oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity were found in the range of 17.44–37.27 mg/100 mg, 3.34–14.71 mg/100 mg, 88.73%–90.72%, 0.98–2.32 mg/100 mg, 11.16–24.16%, 7.71–34.49%, 292.50–488.12 μg/100 mg, 3.91–4.67 g/g and 2.64–3.41 g/g, respectively. Elemental composition showed that calcium was the predominant element among the minerals (13.91–132.05 mg/kg DM) followed by magnesium (4.60–12.92 mg/kg DM), iron (2.04–76.13 mg/kg DM) and zinc (1.07–2.17 mg/kg DM). Furthermore, we found that these high‐altitude forage species are rich in essential AAs like histidine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and to some extent isoleucine and tyrosine. In addition, these five species showed distinct proteomes but shared a similar functional group. The proteome profiling of these forage species will help to understand the molecular basis of nutritional enrichment and stress tolerance potential against harsh environmental conditions of high altitudes. Overall, we conclude that traditionally used high‐altitude forage species are nutritionally rich and can be recommended as part of the daily nutritive feed for livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vidyashankar Srivatsan
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satyakam
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Amit Chawla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Environmental Technology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division CSIR‐IHBT Palampur HP India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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15
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Sookrali AA, Hughes MP. Influence of combined yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on in vitro ruminal fermentation in contrasting feed substrates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3628-3635. [PMID: 34881435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed additives such as live yeast cultures have increasingly been used in ruminant feeds to improve animal performance and feeding efficiency. However, it is not clear how inactive combined yeast cultures affect ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and efficiency. Therefore, this study was done to determine the influence of incubating different substrates with a combined yeast culture + enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (YC + EHY) on in vitro ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and metabolizable energy. Six contrasting substrates (Trichantera gigantea and Glircidia sepium leaves, Brachiaria hybrid (cv. Mulato II) leaf + stem and leaf only, Cynodon nlemfuensis and a commercial concentrate dairy feed) were incubated with and without YC + EHY in buffered rumen fluid and gas production measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 h post incubation. RESULTS In vitro fermentation parameters (a, b, a + b and c) were unaffected by YC + EHY except for the lag phase in T. gigantea, which that reduced by 31.3% when it was incubated with YC + EHY. Supplementation with YC + EHY also did not affect metabolizable energy, 72 h organic matter digestibility, 24 h gas or CH4 production within substrate. However, cumulative gas and methane production at peak fermentation in the commercial concentrate feed was reduced by 20% when incubated with YC + EHY. CONCLUSION It was concluded that YC + EHY has the potential to improve microbial colonization of T. gigantean substrates and reduce gas and methane production at peak fermentation in commercial concentrate feeds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Sookrali
- Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Martin P Hughes
- Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Characteristics of Selected Silphium Species as Alternative Plants for Cultivation and Industry with Particular Emphasis on Research Conducted in Poland: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the available research results of selected species of the genus Silphium L. (Asteraceae) as alternative plants for crops and industry. Silphium species have valuable qualities across a wide range of uses, which is very important in considering plant resources as a green alternative to a sustainable future. Species of the genus Silphium are tall perennials found in fields, prairies, open forests, and groves in the central and eastern parts of the United States and Canada. Various tribes of Native North American used Silphium for medicinal purposes. The cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L. is the most popular species of the genus Silphium due to its attractive ornamental, honey−giving, healing, and forage qualities. As the literature review shows, species of the genus Silphium are characterized by a high production potential in terms of yields and contain significant amounts of nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, and L-ascorbic acid, as well as minerals and biologically active substances, e.g., terpenoids and essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and oleanosides. In addition, the research confirmed the possibility of using Silphium for fodder, as honeybee forage, phytoremediation plants, for reclamation of degraded land, as plants for energy purposes (biomass, biogas), and as plants that provide components with antimicrobial activity. This review largely takes into account many years of research experience conducted in Poland.
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In defense of elemental currencies: can ecological stoichiometry stand as a framework for terrestrial herbivore nutritional ecology? Oecologia 2022; 199:27-38. [PMID: 35396976 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional ecologists aim to predict population or landscape-level effects of food availability, but the tools to extrapolate nutrition from small to large extents are often lacking. The appropriate nutritional ecology currencies should be able to represent consumer responses to food while simultaneously be simple enough to expand such responses to large spatial extents and link them to ecosystem functioning. Ecological stoichiometry (ES), a framework of nutritional ecology, can meet these demands, but it is typically associated with ecosystem ecology and nutrient cycling, and less often used to study wildlife nutrition. Despite the emerging zoogeochemical evidence that animals, and thus their diets, play critical roles in nutrient movement, wildlife nutritional ecology has not fully embraced ES, and ES has not incorporated nutrition in many wildlife studies. Here, we discuss how elemental currencies are "nutritionally, organismally, and ecologically explicit" in the context of terrestrial herbivore nutritional ecology. We add that ES and elemental currencies offer a means to measure resource quality across landscapes and compare nutrient availability among regions. Further, we discuss ES shortcomings and solutions, and list future directions to advance the field. As ecological studies increasingly grow in spatial extent, and attempt to link multiple levels of biological organization, integrating more simple and unifying currencies into nutritional studies, like elements, is necessary for nutritional ecology to predict herbivore occurrences and abundances across regions.
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18
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Karunanayaka W, Nayananjalie D, Appuhamy R, Adikari J, Weerasingha V, Kumari A, Somasiri S, Liyanage R, Mangalika P, Sundarabarathy T. Effect of TMR Briquettes on Milk Production, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Excretions of Dairy Cows in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:932. [PMID: 35405920 PMCID: PMC8996848 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that TMR briquettes made with a variety of forages and industrial by-products had higher crude protein and energy concentrations than the conventional diet including fresh-cut Guinea grass and commercial cattle pellet (CTL). The study objective was to determine to what extent the nutritional advantages of TMR briquettes would be translated into the milk production of dairy cows in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Nine Jersey × Sahiwal cows were assigned to CTL or two TMR briquettes in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods each including 14 d for production measurement and 7 d for total faeces and urine collection. The TMR briquettes tended to increase milk yield (5.55 to 6.59 kg/d, p = 0.092), milk protein yield (0.170 vs. 0.203 kg/d, p = 0.091) and DMI (6.50 to 7.16 kg/d, p = 0.070), and decreased milk urea nitrogen (13.0 to 10.5 mg/dL, p < 0.006). The TMR briquettes had a higher organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (p < 0.001), and lower urinary N excretions as a % of N intake (p = 0.149). In conclusion, the TMR briquettes can improve forage digestibility, milk production and environmental sustainability of dairy cows in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wishma Karunanayaka
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Deepthi Nayananjalie
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Ranga Appuhamy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Jayantha Adikari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Viraj Weerasingha
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Amali Kumari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Sharini Somasiri
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Ridma Liyanage
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Priyani Mangalika
- Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Thenmoli Sundarabarathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka;
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Niyigena, Coffey KP, Coblentz WK, Philipp D, Althaber C, Diaz Gomez J, Rhein RT, Pruden MC. Intake, digestibility rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in lambs offered alfalfa and tall fescue-mixtures harvested and ensiled after a frost. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Huérfano X, Estavillo JM, Torralbo F, Vega-Mas I, González-Murua C, Fuertes-Mendizábal T. Dimethylpyrazole-based nitrification inhibitors have a dual role in N 2O emissions mitigation in forage systems under Atlantic climate conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150670. [PMID: 34610408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is the most important factor increasing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture, which is a powerful greenhouse gas. These emissions are mainly produced by the soil microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, and the application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) together with an ammonium-based fertilizer has been proved as an efficient way to decrease them. In this work the NIs dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dimethylpyrazole succinic acid (DMPSA) were evaluated in a temperate grassland under environmental changing field conditions in terms of their efficiency reducing N2O emissions and their effect on the amount of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial populations responsible of these emissions. The stimulation of nitrifying bacteria induced by the application of ammonium sulphate as fertilizer was efficiently avoided by the application of both DMPP and DMPSA whatever the soil water content. The denitrifying bacteria population capable of reducing N2O up to N2 was also enhanced by both NIs provided that sufficiently high soil water conditions and low nitrate content were occurring. Therefore, both NIs showed the capacity to promote the denitrification process up to N2 as a mechanism to mitigate N2O emissions. DMPSA proved to be a promising NI, since it showed a more significant effect than DMPP in decreasing N2O emissions and increasing ryegrass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Huérfano
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José M Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando Torralbo
- Division of Plant Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Izargi Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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21
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The plasma and urine mineral status of lambs offered diets of perennial wheat or annual wheat, with or without lucerne. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Salazar-Cubillas K, Dickhoefer U. Estimating the proportion of in situ rumen-undegraded crude protein from chemical crude protein and fiber fractions in tropical forage grasses and legumes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Espitia Buitrago PA, Hernández LM, Burkart S, Palmer N, Cardoso Arango JA. Forage-Fed Insects as Food and Feed Source: Opportunities and Constraints of Edible Insects in the Tropics. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.724628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmed insects can provide an alternative protein source for humans, livestock, and fish, while supporting adaptation to climate change, generating income for smallholder farmers, and reducing the negative impacts of conventional food production, especially in the tropics. However, the quantity, nutritional quality and safety of insects greatly relies on their feed intake. Tropical forages (grasses and legumes) can provide a valuable and yet untapped source of feed for several farmed insect species. In this perspective paper, we provide a viewpoint of how tropical forages can support edible insect production. We also highlight the potential of tropical forage-based diets over those using organic agricultural or urban by-product substrates, due to their versatility, low cost, and lower risk of microbial and chemical hazards. The main bottlenecks relate to dependence on the small number of farmed insect species, and in public policy and market frameworks regarding the use of edible insects as food, feed and in industrial processes. This perspective will serve interested stakeholders in identifying urgent issues at the research, ethical, marketing and policy levels that can prevent the emergence of new, insect-based value chains and business models, and the nutritional, economic and environmental benefits they promise.
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Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102853. [PMID: 34679873 PMCID: PMC8532690 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various methods for estimating post-ruminal crude protein supply have been developed for temperate ruminant feedstuffs. However, their adequacy (i.e., accuracy and precision) to predict the post-ruminal crude protein supply of tropical forages is still questioned. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify nutritional composition variables that can predict post-ruminal crude protein supply. The in vitro method can estimate post-ruminal protein supply in tropical forages with moderate to high but not very slow passage rates. Available regression equations developed for temperate ruminant feedstuffs were not adequate enough to predict the post-ruminal protein supply of tropical forages. Instead, equations developed in the present study appear to predict the post-ruminal protein supply of tropical forages with reasonable adequacy. Abstract The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply (PRCP) from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify PRCP supply predictors. Twenty-three fresh forage grasses and 15 forage legumes commonly used in domestic cattle feeding in the tropics and subtropics were incubated in the rumen of cows to determine ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation. The PRCP supply was calculated from in situ rumen-undegraded CP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (i.e., reference method), from ammonia-nitrogen release during in vitro incubation (i.e., in vitro method), and from the concentrations of chemical CP fractions (i.e., chemical method). The adequacy was evaluated using error-index and dimensionless parameters, and stepwise regression was used to select PRCP predictors. Adequacy ranged from poor to moderate (0.53 to 0.74) for the in vitro method being lower for forage legumes at a slow rumen passage rate (0.20), and even poorer (0.02 to 0.13) for the chemical method. Hence, the in vitro method can estimate PRCP supply in tropical forages with moderate to high but not with slow passage rates. Equations developed in the present study appear to predict PRCP supply with reasonable adequacy.
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Characterizing Biomass Yield and Nutritional Value of Selected Indigenous Range Species from Arid Tunisia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102031. [PMID: 34685840 PMCID: PMC8539911 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rangelands of Tunisia show a great indigenous species diversity with considerable potential as forage for livestock. However, information on their fodder yield and quality is scanty and restricted to few species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritive values of selected key perennial species based on their biomass yield, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and mineral composition. The species evaluated included four grass species (Stipa lagascae Roem. and Schult., Stipa tenacissima L., Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson, and Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) de Winter.) and eight shrub species (Anthyllis henoniana Coss. ex Batt., Argyrolobium uniflorum (Deene.) Jaub. and Spach., Echiochilon fruticosum Desf., Gymnocarpos decander Forssk., Helianthemum kahiricum Delile., Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Cours., Plantago albicans L. and Rhanterium suaveolens Desf.). Results showed that shrub species contained higher concentrations of the crude protein (CP), acid detergent lignin (ADL), but lower neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) concentrations than grasses. The greatest concentration of CP was 135 g/kg DM for R. suaveolens. The greatest aNDFom concentration was found within the grasses with maximum of 744.5 g/kg DM in S. plumosa. The shrub species E. fruticosum, A. uniflorum, P. albicans, G. decander, R. suaveolens, and A. henoniana had the highest IVOMD with over 500 g/kg DM and have the potential to supply energy to livestock. Overall, the moderate to high protein, low fiber, and high in vitro digestibility measured for shrubs, suggest they have high nutritional values and can be used to enhance local livestock production.
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Quintero-Anzueta S, Molina-Botero IC, Ramirez-Navas JS, Rao I, Chirinda N, Barahona-Rosales R, Moorby J, Arango J. Nutritional Evaluation of Tropical Forage Grass Alone and Grass-Legume Diets to Reduce in vitro Methane Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.663003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forage grass nutritional quality directly affects animal feed intake, productivity, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. This study evaluated the nutritional quality, in vitro enteric CH4 emission potential, and optimization of diets based on two widely grown tropical forage grasses either alone or mixed with legumes. The grasses Urochloa hybrid cv. Cayman (UHC) and U. brizantha cv. Toledo (UBT), which typically have low concentrations of crude protein (CP), were incubated in vitro either alone or mixed with the legumes Canavalia brasiliensis (CB) and Leucaena diversifolia (LD), which have higher CP concentrations. Substitution of 30% of the grass dry matter (DM) with CB or LD did not affect gas production or DM degradability. After 96 h of incubation, accumulated CH4 was 87.3 mg CH4 g−1 DM and 107.7 mg CH4 g−1 DM for the grasses alone (UHC and UBT, respectively), and 100.7 mg CH4 g−1 DM and 113.2 mg CH4 g−1 DM for combined diets (70% grass, 15% CB, and 15% LD). Diets that combined legumes (CB or LC) and grass (UHC or UBT) had higher CP contents, gross, and metabolizable energy (GE, ME, respectively) densities, as well as lower concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The ME and nutritional variables such as NFD, tannins (T), and CP showed a positive correlation with in vitro net gas production, while ruminal digestibility was affected by CP, ADL, T, and GE. Optimal ratios of components for ruminant diets to reduce rumen net gas production and increase protein content were found with mixtures consisting of 60% grass (either UHC or UBT), 30% CB, and 10% LD. However, this ratio did not result in a decrease in CH4 production.
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Li X. Plant cell wall chemistry: implications for ruminant utilisation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants have adapted to cope with bulky, fibrous forage diets by accommodating a large, diverse microbial population in the reticulo-rumen. Ruminants are dependent on forages as their main sources of energy and other nutrients. Forages are comprised of a complex matrix of cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, minerals and phenolic compounds (including lignin and tannins) with various linkages; many of which are poorly defined. The composition and characteristics of polysaccharides vary greatly among forages and plant cell walls. Plant cell walls are linked and packed together in tight configurations to resist degradation, and hence their nutritional value to animals varies considerably, depending on composition, structure and degradability. An understanding of the inter-relationship between the chemical composition and the degradation of plant cell walls by rumen microorganisms is of major economic importance to ruminant production. Increasing the efficiency of fibre degradation in the rumen has been the subject of extensive research for many decades. This review summarises current knowledge of forage chemistry in order to develop strategies to increase efficiency of forage utilisation by ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
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Lee MA, Burger G, Green ER, Kooij PW. Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity. Oecologia 2021; 195:213-223. [PMID: 33458802 PMCID: PMC7882561 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus supporting fewer species. We investigated resource availability as we ascended three aspects of Helvellyn mountain, UK, measuring several plant nutritive metrics, plant species richness and biomass. We observed a linear decline in plant species richness as we ascended the mountain but there was a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and elevation. Generally, the highest biomass values at mid-elevations were associated with the lowest nutritive values, except mineral contents which declined with elevation. Intra-specific and inter-specific increases in nutritive values nearer the top and bottom of the mountain indicated that physiological, phenological and compositional mechanisms may have played a role. The shape of the relationship between resource availability and elevation was different depending on the metric. Many consumers actively select or avoid plants based on their nutritive values and the abundances of consumer taxa vary in their relationships with elevation. Consideration of multiple nutritive metrics and of the nutritional requirements of the consumer may provide a greater understanding of changes to plant and animal communities at higher elevations. We propose a novel hypothesis for explaining elevational diversity gradients, which warrants further study; the ‘nutritional complexity hypothesis’, where consumer species coexist due to greater variation in the nutritional chemistry of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lee
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Grace Burger
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Emma R Green
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Pepijn W Kooij
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.,Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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Jaroszewicz B, Borysowicz J, Cholewińska O. Forest floor plant diversity drives the use of mature spruce forests by European bison. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:636-647. [PMID: 33437457 PMCID: PMC7790634 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of large ungulates in space is in large extent driven by the availability of forage, which in temperate forests depends on light availability, and associated plant diversity and cover. We hypothesized that the increased number of GPS fixes of European bison (Bison bonasus L.) in usually avoided spruce forests was an effect of higher plant species richness and cover of the forest floor, which developed owing to increased light availability enhanced by spruce mortality. We carried out 80 forest floor plant surveys combined with tree measurement on plots chosen according to the number of GPS locations of GPS-collared European bison. The mean plant species richness per plot was higher on intensively visited plots (IV) than rarely visited (RV) plots (30 ± 5.75 (SD) versus. 26 ± 6.19 (SD)). The frequency of 34 plant species was higher on IV plots, and they were mainly herbaceous species (32 species), while a significant part of 13 species with higher frequency on RV plots was woody plants (5 species). The species richness of forbs was higher on IV plots, while other functional groups of plants did not differ. Tree stem density on the IV plots was lower than on the RV plots (17.94 ± 6.73 (SD) versus 22.9 ± 7.67 (SD)), and the mean value of Ellenberg's ecological indicator for light availability for all forest floor plant species was higher on IV plots. European bison visiting mature spruce forests was driven by higher forest floor plant cover and species richness, and high share and species richness of forbs. The two latter features may be translated into higher quality and diversity of forage. In spite of morphological characteristics suggesting that European bison is a species of mixed (mosaic) habitats, it seems to be well adapted to thrive in diverse forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawBiałowieżaPoland
| | - Joanna Borysowicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawBiałowieżaPoland
| | - Olga Cholewińska
- Białowieża Geobotanical StationFaculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawBiałowieżaPoland
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Stothart MR, Greuel RJ, Gavriliuc S, Henry A, Wilson AJ, McLoughlin PD, Poissant J. Bacterial dispersal and drift drive microbiome diversity patterns within a population of feral hindgut fermenters. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:555-571. [PMID: 33231332 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies of microbiome variation in wildlife often emphasize host physiology and diet as proximate selective pressures acting on host-associated microbiota. In contrast, microbial dispersal and ecological drift are more rarely considered. Using amplicon sequencing, we characterized the bacterial microbiome of adult female (n = 86) Sable Island horses (Nova Scotia, Canada) as part of a detailed individual-based study of this feral population. Using data on sampling date, horse location, age, parental status, and local habitat variables, we contrasted the ability of spatiotemporal, life history, and environmental factors to explain microbiome diversity among Sable Island horses. We extended inferences made from these analyses with both phylogeny-informed and phylogeny-independent null modelling approaches to identify deviations from stochastic expectations. Phylogeny-informed diversity measures were correlated with spatial and local habitat variables, but null modelling results suggested that heterogeneity in ecological drift, rather than differential selective pressures acting on the microbiome, was responsible for these correlations. Conversely, phylogeny-independent diversity measures were best explained by host spatial and social structure, suggesting that taxonomic composition of the microbiome was shaped most strongly by bacterial dispersal. Parental status was important but correlated with measures of β-dispersion rather than β-diversity (mares without foals had lower alpha diversity and more variable microbiomes than mares with foals). Our results suggest that between host microbiome variation within the Sable Island horse population is driven more strongly by bacterial dispersal and ecological drift than by differential selective pressures. These results emphasize the need to consider alternative ecological processes in the study of microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R Stothart
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruth J Greuel
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stefan Gavriliuc
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Astrid Henry
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Jocelyn Poissant
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CL, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C. Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza juncea var. sericea) for sustainable small ruminant production: Feed, helminth suppressant and meat preservation capabilities. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Geng Y, Ranjitkar S, Yan Q, He Z, Su B, Gao S, Niu J, Bu D, Xu J. Nutrient value of wild fodder species and the implications for improving the diet of mithun ( Bos frontalis) in Dulongjiang area, Yunnan Province, China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:455-463. [PMID: 33733013 PMCID: PMC7936111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild fodder plants are valuable because they provide an important livestock feed resource globally, especially for smallholder farmers, and have important roles in natural resource management. In-depth knowledge of wild forage plants can motivate local people for feed resource and habitat conservation of threatened herbivores such as Mithun (Bos frontalis). Mithun occur in small patches in the mountains of Dulongjiang, nearby villagers domesticated this animal but left animal to freely graze in the mountains. Many fodder plants occur in these mountains, however, little is known about their nutritional value. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey to document important wild fodder plants consumed by mithun in the Dulongjiang Township. The nutritional content of 21 highly mentioned wild fodder plants in an ethnobotanical survey was examined. Laboratory analysis showed that Fagopyrum dibotrys were the fodder species with the highest crude protein (CP) content (26.89%), followed by Polygonum molle (21.88%) and Hydrangea longipes (21.12%). Synthesis of relative feed value index and grey relational grade, P. molle, H. longipes and Tetrastigma obtectum were ranked the top three nutritional fodders. There was a significant difference between 21 species on their in vitro digestibility and the most highly digestible fodder species was Elatostema hookerianum. Linear model analysis on relationship between frequency of citation of 21 wild forage plants by local farmers and their nutrient composition showed that the frequency was significantly positively correlated with the nutritional value of the feed (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.05). We concluded that these species have high nutritional values to improve mithun production in integrated crop-livestock systems. Fodder species or mixtures of species with useful nutritional characters could be cultivated to improve livestock productivity, habitat conservation including that of mithun and wild forage resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Geng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sailesh Ranjitkar
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China
- NGene, Solutions of Natural Innovation, Kathmandu, GPO 44614, Nepal
- Mid-Western University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Naya Bato, Lalitpur 44600, Nepal
| | - Qiaoshun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhijun He
- Agriculture Bureau of Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County, Nujiang 673500, China
| | - Baqi Su
- Agriculture Bureau of Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County, Nujiang 673500, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- World Agroforestry, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, China
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Newell MT, Holman BW, Refshauge G, Shanley AR, Hopkins DL, Hayes RC. The effect of a perennial wheat and lucerne biculture diet on feed intake, growth rate and carcass characteristics of Australian lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Singer SD, Chatterton S, Soolanayakanahally RY, Subedi U, Chen G, Acharya SN. Potential effects of a high CO 2 future on leguminous species. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:67-94. [PMID: 37283729 PMCID: PMC10168062 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Legumes provide an important source of food and feed due to their high protein levels and many health benefits, and also impart environmental and agronomic advantages as a consequence of their ability to fix nitrogen through their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. As a result of our growing population, the demand for products derived from legumes will likely expand considerably in coming years. Since there is little scope for increasing production area, improving the productivity of such crops in the face of climate change will be essential. While a growing number of studies have assessed the effects of climate change on legume yield, there is a paucity of information regarding the direct impact of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) itself, which is a main driver of climate change and has a substantial physiological effect on plants. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the influence of e[CO2] on the photosynthetic process, as well as biomass production, seed yield, quality, and stress tolerance in legumes, and examine how these responses differ from those observed in non-nodulating plants. Although these relationships are proving to be extremely complex, mounting evidence suggests that under limiting conditions, overall declines in many of these parameters could ensue. While further research will be required to unravel precise mechanisms underlying e[CO2] responses of legumes, it is clear that integrating such knowledge into legume breeding programs will be indispensable for achieving yield gains by harnessing the potential positive effects, and minimizing the detrimental impacts, of CO2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
| | - Syama Chatterton
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
| | | | - Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Surya N. Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
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Sward type alters the relative abundance of members of the rumen microbial ecosystem in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9317. [PMID: 32518306 PMCID: PMC7283238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of ruminant livestock has been shown to benefit from the enhanced nutritive value and herbage yield associated with clover incorporation in the grazing sward. However, little research to date has been conducted investigating the effects of mixed swards containing white clover on the composition of the rumen microbiome. In this study, the rumen microbial composition of late lactation dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass only (PRG; n = 20) or perennial ryegrass and white clover (WCPRG; n = 19) swards, was characterised using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA analysis indicated diet significantly altered the composition of the rumen microbiome (P = 0.024). Subtle shifts in the relative abundance of 14 bacterial genera were apparent between diets, including an increased relative abundance of Lachnospira (0.04 vs. 0.23%) and Pseudobutyrivibrio (1.38 vs. 0.81%) in the WCPRG and PRG groups, respectively. The composition of the archaeal community was altered between dietary groups, with a minor increase in the relative abundance of Methanosphaera in the WCPRG observed. Results from this study highlight the potential for sward type to influence the composition of the rumen microbial community.
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Wang X, Yang Z, Liu X, Huang G, Xiao W, Han L. The composition characteristics of different crop straw types and their multivariate analysis and comparison. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 110:87-97. [PMID: 32460108 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity and complex composition of crop straw are some of the main obstacles to its scientific and efficient industrial utilization. To thoroughly reveal and identify the composition of different crop straw types and their latent attributes, in this study, 784 straw samples of rice, wheat, corn, rape and cotton were collected. Based on the large sample size, 18 composition characteristics, including chemical composition, proximate composition, ultimate composition, and heating values, were adopted to determine the profiles of the crop straw composition characteristics. Correlation analysis and 7 different types of multivariate analysis were applied and compared. The results indicated that among the 18 characteristics, hemicellulose, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude proteins, phosphorus, fixed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur had non-normal distributions. Spearman method was a more suitable correlation analysis approach for the crop straw characteristics than Pearson method. The results of the different multivariate analysis methods were reflected in the different classification attributes of water-soluble carbohydrates, phosphorus, hydrogen and sulfur. Non-parametric principal component analysis and non-parametric exploratory factor analysis provided consistent results. The characteristics could be divided into 4 categories of intrinsic associated attributes, namely, (1) lignin, volatile matter, fixed carbon, carbon, hydrogen, higher heating value, and lower heating value; (2) potassium, ash, and sulfur; (3) cellulose, hemicellulose, moisture, and oxygen; and (4) water-soluble carbohydrates, crude proteins, phosphorus, and nitrogen, which exhibited combustion positive, combustion negative, biochemical conversion, and nutritional property, respectively. The study results provide data and methodology support for the development of crop straw utilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zengling Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro-biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Fernandez-Turren G, Repetto JL, Arroyo JM, Pérez-Ruchel A, Cajarville C. Lamb Fattening Under Intensive Pasture-Based Systems: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E382. [PMID: 32120943 PMCID: PMC7143110 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of pasture-based systems on the fatty acid composition of sheep meat appear to be achievable despite variability in the quality of the pastures. Lambs fed high levels of temperate pastures have an excess of N-ammonia derived from protein degradation. Furthermore, animal performance is highly variable depending on the quality of the pasture at the time of grazing, and high animal performance in these systems appears to be linked to the use of high-quality pastures with high availability, and is possibly added to by the inclusion of concentrates that allow increasing energy intake and a better use of the N in the pasture. The combination of high-quality pastures and total mixed ration offers a good alternative to the inclusion of concentrates in the diet, improving the use of N, and avoiding acidosis problems. However, information to determine the effect of a number of nutritional strategies on meat quality, and the minimum level of pasture intake necessary to achieve the benefits of pastoral systems is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren
- Departamento de Producción Animal, IPAV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42,5 km, San José 80100, Uruguay; (J.L.R.); (J.M.A.); (A.P.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - José L. Repetto
- Departamento de Producción Animal, IPAV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42,5 km, San José 80100, Uruguay; (J.L.R.); (J.M.A.); (A.P.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - José M. Arroyo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, IPAV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42,5 km, San José 80100, Uruguay; (J.L.R.); (J.M.A.); (A.P.-R.); (C.C.)
- Programa Nacional de Investigación en Pasturas y Forrajes, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Analía Pérez-Ruchel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, IPAV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42,5 km, San José 80100, Uruguay; (J.L.R.); (J.M.A.); (A.P.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - Cecilia Cajarville
- Departamento de Producción Animal, IPAV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42,5 km, San José 80100, Uruguay; (J.L.R.); (J.M.A.); (A.P.-R.); (C.C.)
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Cardenas LM, Bhogal A, Chadwick DR, McGeough K, Misselbrook T, Rees RM, Thorman RE, Watson CJ, Williams JR, Smith KA, Calvet S. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrous oxide emissions from five UK fertilised grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:696-710. [PMID: 30684838 PMCID: PMC6383039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of grasslands is necessary to meet the increasing demand of livestock products. The application of nitrogen (N) on grasslands affects the N balance therefore the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) are produced due to N fertilisation and low NUE. These emissions depend on the type and rates of N applied. In this study we have compiled data from 5 UK N fertilised grassland sites (Crichton, Drayton, North Wyke, Hillsborough and Pwllpeiran) covering a range of soil types and climates. The experiments evaluated the effect of increasing rates of inorganic N fertiliser provided as ammonium nitrate (AN) or calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). The following fertiliser strategies were also explored for a rate of 320 kg N ha-1: using the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), changing to urea as an N source and splitting fertiliser applications. We measured N2O emissions for a full year in each experiment, as well as soil mineral N, climate data, pasture yield and N offtake. N2O emissions were greater at Crichton and North Wyke whereas Drayton, Hillsborough and Pwllpeiran had the smallest emissions. The resulting average emission factor (EF) of 1.12% total N applied showed a range of values for all the sites between 0.6 and 2.08%. NUE depended on the site and for an application rate of 320 kg N ha-1, N surplus was on average higher than 80 kg N ha-1, which is proposed as a maximum by the EU Nitrogen Expert Panel. N2O emissions tended to be lower when urea was applied instead of AN or CAN, and were particularly reduced when using urea with DCD. Finally, correlations between the factors studied showed that total N input was related to Nofftake and Nexcess; while cumulative emissions and EF were related to yield scaled emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cardenas
- Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - A Bhogal
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK
| | - D R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - K McGeough
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a, Newforge Lane, BT9 5PX Belfast, UK
| | - T Misselbrook
- Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - R M Rees
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - R E Thorman
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK
| | - C J Watson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a, Newforge Lane, BT9 5PX Belfast, UK
| | - J R Williams
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK
| | - K A Smith
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, and Weston Road, Totnes TQ9 5AH, Devon, UK
| | - S Calvet
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Contin DR, Delvecchio G, Viciedo DO, de Moraes MA, de Mello Prado R, de Pinho Costa KA, Braga MR, Martinez CA. Warming and water deficit impact leaf photosynthesis and decrease forage quality and digestibility of a C4 tropical grass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:383-402. [PMID: 30525220 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to cause more intense extreme events such as heat waves, flooding and severe droughts, producing significant effects on agriculture. In tropics, climate change will severely impact livestock production affecting water availability, forage quality and food for cattle. We investigated the isolated and combined effects of soil water deficit (wS) and + 2°C increase in canopy temperature (eT) on leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, carbohydrate content, forage quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of a field-grown C4 tropical forage grass Panicum maximum Jacq. using a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. The wS and eT treatments showed no effects on photosystem II photochemistry. However, wS under ambient temperature decreased net photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs ) and maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax ), leading to a reduced starch content in leaves. A 16% reduction in leaf dry mass (LDM) and reduction in forage quality by increasing fibers, reducing crude protein (CP) and decreasing the IVDMD was also observed by effect of wS. Warming under adequate soil moisture (eT) significantly increased LDM by 25% but reduced the forage quality, increasing the lignin content and reducing starch, CP and digestibility. The combined wSeT treatment reduced A, gs , Vcmax and the forage quality. When compared to control, the lignin content in leaves increased by 43, 28 and 17% in wS, eT and wSeT, respectively, causing a significant reduction in IVDMD. We concluded that despite physiological mechanisms to acclimate to warming, both warming and water deficit will impair the quality and digestibility of C4 tropical pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Delvecchio
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, FCAV, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, FCAV, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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