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Sgheiza V. Sex and ancestry patterning of residual correlations in human dental development: Cooperative genetic interaction and phenotypic plasticity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24908. [PMID: 38329212 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most research in human dental age estimation has focused on point estimates of age, and most research on dental development theories has focused on morphology or eruption. Correlations between developing teeth using ordinal staging have received less attention. The effect of demographic variables on these correlations is unknown. I tested the effect of reference sample demographic variables on the residual correlation matrix using the lens of cooperative genetic interaction (CGI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of Moorrees et al., Journal of Dental Research, 1963, 42, 1490-1502, scores of left mandibular permanent teeth from panoramic radiographs of 880 London children 3-22.99 years of age stratified by year of age, sex, and Bangladeshi or European ancestry. A multivariate cumulative probit model was fit to each sex/ancestry group (n = 220), each sex or ancestry (n = 440), and all individuals (n = 880). Residual correlation matrices from nine reference sample configurations were compared using Bartlett's tests of between-sample difference matrices against the identity matrix, hierarchical cluster analysis, and dendrogram cophenetic correlations. RESULTS Bartlett's test results were inconclusive. Cluster analysis showed clustering by tooth class, position within class, and developmental timing. Clustering patterns and dendrogram correlations showed similarity by sex but not ancestry. DISCUSSION Expectations of CGI were supported for developmental staging. This supports using CGI as a model for explaining patterns of variation within the dentition. Sex was found to produce consistent patterns of dental correlations, whereas ancestry did not. Clustering by timing of development supports phenotypic plasticity in the dentition and suggests shared environment over genetic ancestry to explain population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Sgheiza
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Lone IM, Zohud O, Midlej K, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: From Clinical Treatment Strategies to the Roadmap in Identifying the Genetic Bases of Development in Humans with the Support of the Collaborative Cross Mouse Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5148. [PMID: 37568550 PMCID: PMC10420085 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on how severe it is, malocclusion, which may involve misaligned teeth, jaws, or a combination of the two, can hurt a person's overall facial aesthetics. The maxillary molar develops before the mandibular molar in class II malocclusion, which affects 15% of the population in the United States. With a retrusive mandible, patients typically have a convex profile. The goal of this study is to classify the skeletal and dental variability present in class II malocclusion, to reduce heterogeneity, present the current clinical treatment strategies, to summarize the previously published findings of genetic analysis, discuss these findings and their constraints, and finally, propose a comprehensive roadmap to facilitate investigations aimed at determining the genetic bases of malocclusion development using a variety of genomic approaches. To further comprehend the hereditary components involved in the onset and progression of class II malocclusion, a novel animal model for class II malocclusion should be developed while considering the variety of the human population. To overcome the constraints of the previous studies, here, we propose to conduct novel research on humans with the support of mouse models to produce contentious findings. We believe that carrying out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a large human cohort to search for significant genes and their modifiers; an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS); RNA-seq analysis; integrating GWAS and the expression of quantitative trait loci (eQTL); and the testing of microRNAs, small RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs in tissues related to the skeletal class II malocclusion (SCIIMO) phenotype, such as mandibular bone, gum, and jaw in humans and the collaborative cross (CC) mouse model, will identify novel genes and genetic factors affecting this phenotype. We anticipate discovering novel genetic elements to advance our knowledge of how this malocclusion phenotype develops and open the venue for the early identification of patients carrying the susceptible genetic factors so that we can offer early prevention treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel;
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 34567, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
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Nowaczewska W, Górka K, Cieślik A. Assessment of the Relationship between the Total Occlusal Area of the Human Permanent Upper First and Second Molars and the Robusticity of the Facial Skeleton in Sex-Different Cranial Samples of Homo Sapiens: A Preliminary Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040566. [PMID: 37106765 PMCID: PMC10136266 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a significant relationship between the total occlusal area (TOCA) of two types of permanent upper molars (first-M1 and second-M2) and facial robusticity, as well as which of the examined facial regions indicate a relationship concerning the grade of their massiveness with the TOCA of analyzed molars in different sex adult Homo sapiens cranial samples. To obtain the values of the TOCA of the molars (n = 145), a morphometric method was performed based on the calibrated digital images of their occlusal surface using ImageJ software. The grades of the massiveness of six facial regions were assessed using qualitative scales of their expression, and an index of general facial robusticity was calculated. Two types of analyses were performed concerning standardized and non-standardized traits to the facial size, including Spearman's/or Pearson's correlations and partial rank correlations. The obtained results indicated the presence of a positive relationship between the relative TOCA of M2s and the relative general facial robusticity, as well as between the TOCA of both types of molars and the massiveness of trigone region of the facial skeleton in male crania. However, most of the obtained results were not consistent with the assumptions of the "localized masticatory stress hypothesis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górka
- Department of Anthropology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Cieślik
- Department of Anthropology, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland
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Popovici M, Groza VM, Bejenaru L, Petraru OM. Dental morphological variation in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age human populations from North-Eastern Romania. Ann Anat 2023; 245:152015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Maaranen N, Zakrzewski S, Schutkowski H. Who Were the Hyksos? CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1086/723141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Smith-Guzmán NE. A paleoepidemiological approach to the challenging differential diagnosis of an isolated 1500-year-old anomalous molar from Panamá. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 39:1-13. [PMID: 36029689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to quantify the presence and prevalence of specific genetic and infectious diseases in the pre-Colombian Panamanian population and uses these data to consider the plausibility of these diseases as causative factors in the development of an abnormal supernumerary cusp morphology in a 1500-year-old isolated molar recovered from Cerro Juan Díaz (Los Santos, Panama). MATERIALS 267 individuals from pre-Columbian sites throughout Panama. METHODS The anomalous tooth was analyzed through macroscopic, odontometric, and radiographic means. Tentative differential diagnosis was performed using inferences from paleopathological features of the broader regional population. RESULTS The regional sample showed evidence of treponemal infection and developmental anomalies in 10.1% and 10.9% of individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While not able to rule out three potential genetic conditions, more evidence was found to support the differential diagnosis of congenital syphilis as the causative agent leading to the development of abnormal supernumerary cusps in the isolated molar. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates how characterizing disease experience in the population can assist in differential diagnoses at the individual level and cautions against the assumption that any one lesion in isolation is unique to only one specific pathological condition. LIMITATIONS The timing discrepancy between clinical descriptions of congenital syphilis and genetic disorders, lack of knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of the former, poor preservation of Treponema pathogen ancient DNA, and deficiencies in modern public health data from Panama limit the differential diagnosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Inclusion and serious contemplation of genetic diseases in paleopathological differential diagnoses is necessary.
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Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Influence the Phenotype of Tooth Number, Size and Shape: Anterior Maxillary Supernumeraries and the Morphology of Mandibular Incisors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122232. [PMID: 36553499 PMCID: PMC9777959 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that give rise to supernumeraries in the maxillary incisor region and larger dimensions of the adjacent maxillary incisors are also associated with variations in the morphology of the mandibular incisors. If so, this would contribute to understanding the distribution and interactions of factors during dental development and how these can be modelled. The sample consisted of 34 patients with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, matched for gender, age and White Caucasian ethnicity with 34 control subjects. The average ages of the supernumerary and control groups were 12.8 and 12.2 years, respectively. Study models of all subjects were constructed and imaged using a previously validated system. Using custom software, each of the mandibular incisor teeth were measured to obtain 17 parameters from the labial view and 17 from the occlusal view. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the measurements into a smaller set representing distinct features of the clinical crowns, followed by a comparison between the supernumerary and control groups using 2-way ANOVA. Seven factors of tooth size of the mandibular central incisors and six factors of the mandibular lateral incisors were identified as major features of the clinical crowns. All parameters of both mandibular incisors were greater in the supernumerary group than in the control, with three of these, located in the incisal and cervical regions of the mandibular lateral incisors, being statistically significantly larger. The findings of this study indicate that the aetiological factors associated with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region also affect tooth crown dimensions of mandibular incisors. This new evidence enhances several models of the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental components of dental development and supports a multi-model approach to increase understanding of this process and its variations.
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Kaushal K, Kim EJ, Tyagi A, Karapurkar JK, Haq S, Jung HS, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Genome-wide screening for deubiquitinase subfamily identifies ubiquitin-specific protease 49 as a novel regulator of odontogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1689-1704. [PMID: 35273362 PMCID: PMC9433428 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins expressed by the paired box gene 9 (PAX9) and Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) are intimately involved in tooth development (odontogenesis). The regulation of PAX9 and MSX1 protein turnover by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plausibly maintain the required levels of PAX9 and MSX1 during odontogenesis. Herein, we used a loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DUB KO library kit to screen for DUBs that regulate PAX9 and MSX1 protein levels. We identify and demonstrate that USP49 interacts with and deubiquitinates PAX9 and MSX1, thereby extending their protein half-lives. On the other hand, the loss of USP49 reduces the levels of PAX9 and MSX1 proteins, which causes transient retardation of odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells and delays the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into the neural crest cell lineage. USP49 depletion produced several morphological defects during tooth development, such as reduced dentin growth with shrunken enamel space, and abnormal enamel formation including irregular mineralization. In sum, our results suggest that deubiquitination of PAX9 and MSX1 by USP49 stabilizes their protein levels to facilitate successful odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Monson TA, Brasil MF, Mahaney MC, Schmitt CA, Taylor CE, Hlusko LJ. Keeping 21st Century Paleontology Grounded: Quantitative Genetic Analyses and Ancestral State Reconstruction Re-Emphasize the Essentiality of Fossils. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081218. [PMID: 36009845 PMCID: PMC9404954 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last two decades of biological research, our understanding of how genes determine dental development and variation has expanded greatly. Here, we explore how this new knowledge can be applied to the fossil record of cercopithecid monkeys. We compare a traditional paleontological method for assessing dental size variation with measurement approaches derived from quantitative genetics and developmental biology. We find that these new methods for assessing dental variation provide novel insight to the evolution of the cercopithecid monkey dentition, different from the insight provided by traditional size measurements. When we explore the variation of these traits in the cercopithecid fossil record, we find that the variation is outside the range predicted based on extant variation alone. Our 21st century biological approach to paleontology reveals that we have even more to learn from fossils than previously recognized. Abstract Advances in genetics and developmental biology are revealing the relationship between genotype and dental phenotype (G:P), providing new approaches for how paleontologists assess dental variation in the fossil record. Our aim was to understand how the method of trait definition influences the ability to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history in the Cercopithecidae, the Linnaean Family of monkeys currently living in Africa and Asia. We compared the two-dimensional assessment of molar size (calculated as the mesiodistal length of the crown multiplied by the buccolingual breadth) to a trait that reflects developmental influences on molar development (the inhibitory cascade, IC) and two traits that reflect the genetic architecture of postcanine tooth size variation (defined through quantitative genetic analyses: MMC and PMM). All traits were significantly influenced by the additive effects of genes and had similarly high heritability estimates. The proportion of covariate effects was greater for two-dimensional size compared to the G:P-defined traits. IC and MMC both showed evidence of selection, suggesting that they result from the same genetic architecture. When compared to the fossil record, Ancestral State Reconstruction using extant taxa consistently underestimated MMC and PMM values, highlighting the necessity of fossil data for understanding evolutionary patterns in these traits. Given that G:P-defined dental traits may provide insight to biological mechanisms that reach far beyond the dentition, this new approach to fossil morphology has the potential to open an entirely new window onto extinct paleobiologies. Without the fossil record, we would not be able to grasp the full range of variation in those biological mechanisms that have existed throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesla A. Monson
- Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Marianne F. Brasil
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
- Human Evolution Research Center, Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, MC-3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Christopher A. Schmitt
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine E. Taylor
- Human Evolution Research Center, Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, MC-3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Leslea J. Hlusko
- Human Evolution Research Center, Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, MC-3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- National Center for Research on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Herrmann S, Küchler EC, Reis CLB, Paddenberg E, Zbidat N, Mattos NHR, Schröder A, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Association of third molar agenesis and microdontia with genetic polymorphisms in vitamin-D-related genes. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151972. [PMID: 35738313 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate if functional genetic polymorphisms in vitamin-D-related genes are associated with third molar agenesis and third molar microdontia in German orthodontic patients. Pre-orthodontic and follow-up treatment records were evaluated for phenotype definition. Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction. Eight potential functional genetic polymorphisms in VDR [rs731236 (TaqI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs2228570 (FokI), and rs1544410 (BsmI)], CYP27B1 (rs4646536), CYP24A1 (rs927650), GC (rs4588), and SEC23A (rs8018720) were evaluated using real-time PCR. Comparison among the groups were performed (third molar anomaly vs. control; third molar agenesis vs. control; and third molar microdontia vs. control) with an alpha of 5%. A total of 164 patients were analyzed. Forty-nine (29.9%) patients had at least one third molar anomaly. In the haplotype analysis, genetic polymorphisms in VDR and CYP27B1 were associated with third molar anomalies (p<0.05). The G allele in rs8018720 (SEC23A) was more frequent in microdontia cases. In the genotype distribution analysis, rs8018720 in SEC23A was associated with third molar microdontia in the co-dominant (p=0.034; Prevalence Ratio [PR]=5.91, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 1.14-30.66) and in the recessive (p=0.038; PR=5.29; 95% CI= 1.09-25.65) models. In conclusion, vitamin D-related genes could be involved in third molar anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Herrmann
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eva Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nermien Zbidat
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Stewart A. Bridging the gap: Using biological data from teeth to comment on social identity of archeological populations from early Anglo-Saxon, England. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151876. [PMID: 34890784 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth are storytellers, in that, through analysis of their size and shape osteoarchaeologists are able to 'talk' to the dead and translate biological data into social meaning. This concept has been explored in parts of the world through investigations of biological similarity and kinship, but few have focused in depth on early medieval populations who emphasized the importance of family and kinship. This paper presents the results from four early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries which highlight the utility of dental metrics in identifying biological similarity within the skeletal assemblages. 5988 mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were recorded from the identifiable permanent dentition of adult individuals from early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in the UK counties of Cambridgeshire and Kent. Results from statistical hierarchical cluster analysis of dental metric data revealed that it was possible to identify individuals within the cemetery sites that were more similar to one another according to their dental metrics. This similarity was not attributed statistically to biological sex or shared familial environment, as similarity between individuals could be found between males and females and few significant differences were found across the sites sampled. It was found that tooth metrics provided a meaningful biological dataset from which current theories regarding the identity of Anglo-Saxon individuals and families could be refined and improved. These types of data are useful as building blocks which help to bridge the gap between social constructs and human skeletal remains in order to substantiate interpretations about past populations in more significant ways. This work supports the need for multidisciplinary approaches to bioarchaeological investigations of past people while highlighting the utility of human dentition to enhance such areas of study.
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Phillips EL, Irish JD, Antoine D. Ancient anomalies: Twinned and supernumerary incisors in a medieval Nubian. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY 2021; 31:456-461. [PMID: 34880591 PMCID: PMC8629120 DOI: 10.1002/oa.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the analysis of a skeletal assemblage from a medieval cemetery in Nubia (c. AD 500-1550), a young adult female with abnormally developed maxillary incisors was discovered. The possible causes of the two dental anomalies found in this individual and their archaeological context are discussed. The remains are from a medieval assemblage from the Fourth Cataract region of Nubia, which forms part of the Nubian collection curated at the British Museum. The left central incisor has a twinned crown with two root canals, and a supernumerary tooth is present on the right side between the central incisor and lateral incisors. Although two different dental anomalies are present, the bilateral expression suggests that the same biological mechanism could be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L.W. Phillips
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
- Department of Egypt and SudanThe British MuseumLondonUK
| | - Joel D. Irish
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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Dhamo B, Jaddoe VWV, Steegers EAP, Wolvius EB, Ongkosuwito EM. The association of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 49:445-453. [PMID: 33486813 PMCID: PMC8518742 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low folic acid, folate and vitamin B12 might affect tooth formation and mineralization. The conversion of folic acid into folate is catalysed by the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) enzyme which is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Among 3728 mothers and their 10-year-old children from the Generation R Study, we investigated associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Secondly, we checked the modifying effect of MTHFR-C677T polymorphism. METHODS Information on folic acid supplementation was obtained by questionnaires. Concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured from venous samples taken in early pregnancy. Developmental stages of teeth were defined by the Demirjian method at the age-10 assessment. In addition, dental age of the children was calculated using the Dutch standard. GLM and multivariate linear regression models were built to study the associations. RESULTS Folic acid supplementation started when pregnancy was known (β = -0.09; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.01) and folic acid supplementation started prior to known pregnancy (β = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04) were both associated with decelerated dental development by 1-2 months lower dental age of 10-year-old children. Folate (β = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.02) and vitamin B12 (β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.06) were not associated with dental age. MTHFR-C677T did not modify the associations. CONCLUSIONS Maternal folic acid supplementation delays dental development of children by 1-2 months dental age, whereas maternal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy do not affect the timing of child dental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunilda Dhamo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Berthaume MA, Lazzari V, Guy F. The landscape of tooth shape: Over 20 years of dental topography in primates. Evol Anthropol 2020; 29:245-262. [PMID: 32687672 PMCID: PMC7689778 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays an incontrovertible role in primate evolution, affecting anatomy, growth and development, behavior, and social structure. It should come as no surprise that a myriad of methods for reconstructing diet have developed, mostly utilizing the element that is not only most common in the fossil record but also most pertinent to diet: teeth. Twenty years ago, the union of traditional, anatomical analyses with emerging scanning and imaging technologies led to the development of a new method for quantifying tooth shape and reconstructing the diets of extinct primates. This method became known as dental topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Berthaume
- Division of Mechanical Engineering and DesignLondon South Bank UniversityLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vincent Lazzari
- PALEVOPRIM—UMR 7262 CNRS INEE Laboratoire Paléontologie Evolution Paléoécosystèmes PaléoprimatologieUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Franck Guy
- PALEVOPRIM—UMR 7262 CNRS INEE Laboratoire Paléontologie Evolution Paléoécosystèmes PaléoprimatologieUniversité de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
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15
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Olsson B, Calixto RD, da Silva Machado NC, Meger MN, Paula-Silva FWG, Rebellato NLB, da Costa DJ, Küchler EC, Scariot R. MSX1 is differentially expressed in the deepest impacted maxillary third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:789-794. [PMID: 32381388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An impacted third molar is one of the most common dental abnormalities. Among the reasons for impaction the most common are: insufficient space, time of eruption, improper position of the tooth bud, and genetic disruptions. To investigate if runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) are differently expressed depending on the position of the molar, we studied 32 patients who had been referred for surgical removal. An orthopantomogram was used to separate them according to Winter's, and Pell & Gregory's, classifications. Bone samples were harvested during the operation for gene expression assay. The Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc, and Spearman's correlation, tests were used to assess the significance of differences. No correlations were found in expression of the genes, and no differences between expression in maxillary and mandibular third molars, nor were they expressed differently according to Winter's or Pell and Gregory's classifications or in relation to impaction of the mandibular ramus. However, MSX1 was expressed differently when account was taken of the depth of impaction in maxillary third molars (p = 0.029), but there was no difference in expression of RUNX2, BMP2, and MSX1 for the Pell and Gregory classification of depth of impaction (p > 0.05). We conclude that MSX1 is expressed differently depending on the depth of maxillary impaction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olsson
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - R D Calixto
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - N C da Silva Machado
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - M N Meger
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280330, Brazil.
| | - F W G Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - N L B Rebellato
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - D J da Costa
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - E C Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - R Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil; School of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280330, Brazil.
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16
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Dhamo B, Miliku K, Voortman T, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Wolvius EB, Ongkosuwito EM. The Associations of Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D with Dental Development in Childhood. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy100. [PMID: 30931425 PMCID: PMC6435444 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D influences the formation and mineralization of teeth. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of maternal and neonatal vitamin D concentrations with the dental development of 10-y-old children, in a population-based prospective cohort study among 3,770 mothers and children in the Netherlands. METHODS Maternal venous blood samples were collected in the second trimester (median 20.4 weeks of gestation; range: 18.5-23.2 wk) whereas umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately after delivery (median 40.1 weeks of gestation; range 35.9-42.3 wk). Dental development was defined using the Demirjian method. Multivariate regression models were built to analyze the studied associations. RESULTS High concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] during midpregnancy (β: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.01) and at birth (β: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.02) were associated with a lower dental age in children. The children of mothers with severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <25.0 nmol/L] during midpregnancy exhibited a higher dental age (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.24) and higher developmental stages of the mandibular first premolar (β: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.60) compared with the children of mothers with optimal values of 25(OH)D (≥75.0 nmol/L). Children with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D 25.0-49.9 nmol/L] at birth exhibited a higher dental age (β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.20), higher developmental stages of the mandibular second premolar (β: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.51), and higher developmental stages of the mandibular second molar (β: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.48) compared with children with sufficient-to-optimal values of 25(OH)D (≥50.0 nmol/L) at birth. CONCLUSION Higher maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with decelerated dental development in childhood. The lower the vitamin D level during midpregnancy or at birth, the higher the dental age of children, and the higher the developmental stages of the mandibular teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunilda Dhamo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics
- The Generation R Study Group
| | | | - Trudy Voortman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- The Generation R Study Group
- Departments of Child Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent WV Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group
- Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics
- The Generation R Study Group
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics
- The Generation R Study Group
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17
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Abstract
This chapter describes methods related to the diagnosis of genetic dental diseases. Based on the present knowledge, clinical phenotyping and next-generation sequencing techniques are discussed. Methods necessary for Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and epigenetic modification methods are detailed. In addition, protocols for cell culture establishment and characterization from patients with inherited dental anomalies are described.
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18
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Hmga2 regulation of tooth formation and association with Sox2 and Nanog expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:1008-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Machado V, Botelho J, Pereira D, Vasques M, Fernandes-Retto P, Proença L, Mendes JJ, Delgado A. Bolton ratios in Portuguese subjects among different malocclusion groups. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e864-e868. [PMID: 30386518 PMCID: PMC6203920 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several methods have been described to estimate inter-arch tooth size relationship, such as Bolton’s ratios. The aims of this study were to verify the validity of Bolton indexes in a sample of untreated Portuguese subjects based on Angle classification and to evaluate the gender difference. Material and Methods 168 pre-treatment dental casts of orthodontics Portuguese subjects (59 males and 109 females) with different occlusions were used, which were selected randomly from 541 consecutively treated orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar were measured on each pre-treatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital caliper, and Bolton’s anterior and overall ratios were calculated. Descriptive statistics as mean, standard deviation and range were calculated. Moreover, the results were compared to Bolton’s ratios and differences based on gender and occlusion groups were evaluated by statistical inference methods. Results The results reveal that the mean values, standard deviation and range were larger than Bolton’s in normal occlusion group (78.3±3.5% in anterior ratio and 92.1±2.2% in overall ratio) and there were no differences between genders (p >0.05). Class I (anterior and overall ratios, p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), Class II/2 (anterior ratio, p=0.032) and Class III (overall ratio, p=0.041) were significantly different from Bolton’s reference data. Conclusions The results showed no differences between gender and no difference between normal occlusion and malocclusion groups. Moreover, in normal occlusion group, the anterior and overall tooth size ratios was equivalent to the original Bolton’s ratios, although the mean and standard deviation were large. Key words:Bolton anterior and overall ratios, normal occlusion, malocclusion, portuguese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal.,Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal.,Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Dinis Pereira
- Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vasques
- Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernandes-Retto
- Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Proença
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal.,Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - José-João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal.,Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Delgado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal.,Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L., Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
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20
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Romero A, Ramirez-Rozzi FV, Pérez-Pérez A. Dental size variability in Central African Pygmy hunter-gatherers and Bantu-speaking farmers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:671-681. [PMID: 29566431 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Odontometric studies of African populations show high within-group variation in tooth size. Overall, North Africans exhibit smaller dimensions than groups from eastern and southern sub-Saharan regions, but no previous studies have analyzed the full dental metrics among extant African Pygmy hunter-gatherers and Bantu-speaking farmers. Furthermore, the population variability in tooth crown sizes from equatorial rainforest regions remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the permanent teeth (I1-M2) were measured in vivo using high-resolution replicas from Baka Pygmies and Mvae and Yassa Bantu-speakers from Cameroon (western Africa). Analyses of variance were used to record sex-related and population-level differences in tooth sizes, and a principal component analysis of geometrically scaled measures was used to plot the odontometric variability among groups. RESULTS Cameroonian Baka Pygmies differ in dental size from their Bantu-speaking neighbors. Molar teeth are larger in Pygmies than in Bantu individuals, while the anterior dentition is larger in the Bantu. Baka males exhibit significantly larger teeth than females, whereas sexual dimorphism in non-Pygmies is only present in the anterior dentition. DISCUSSION Odontometric patterns and the degree of sexual dimorphism in dental size differ among Central African groups, indicating adaptation to their different forager and farmer lifestyles. In particular, the admixture of Bantu-speakers in Baka populations is smaller than that in other western Pygmy groups. The greater dental phenetic diversity in Baka compared to that of the smaller-toothed farmers suggests that ecogenetic and microevolutionary factors are influencing a particular divergence scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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21
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Dhamo B, Kragt L, Grgic O, Vucic S, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VWV, Wolvius EB, Ongkosuwito EM. Ancestry and dental development: A geographic and genetic perspective. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:299-308. [PMID: 29139104 PMCID: PMC5813218 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the influence of ancestry on dental development in the Generation R Study. METHODS Information on geographic ancestry was available in 3,600 children (1,810 boys and 1,790 girls, mean age 9.81 ± 0.35 years) and information about genetic ancestry was available in 2,786 children (1,387 boys and 1,399 girls, mean age 9.82 ± 0.34 years). Dental development was assessed in all children using the Demirjian method. The associations of geographic ancestry (Cape Verdean, Moroccan, Turkish, Dutch Antillean, Surinamese Creole and Surinamese Hindustani vs Dutch as the reference group) and genetic content of ancestry (European, African or Asian) with dental development was analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS In a geographic perspective of ancestry, Moroccan (β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.28), Turkish (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.32), Dutch Antillean (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.41), and Surinamese Creole (β = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.30) preceded Dutch children in dental development. Moreover, in a genetic perspective of ancestry, a higher proportion of European ancestry was associated with decelerated dental development (β = -0.32; 95% CI: -.44, -.20). In contrast, a higher proportion of African ancestry (β = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.43) and a higher proportion of Asian ancestry (β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.48) were associated with accelerated dental development. When investigating only European children, these effect estimates increased to twice as large in absolute value. CONCLUSION Based on a geographic and genetic perspective, differences in dental development exist in a population of heterogeneous ancestry and should be considered when describing the physiological growth in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunilda Dhamo
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Olja Grgic
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Strahinja Vucic
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.,The Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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22
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Corny J, Galland M, Arzarello M, Bacon AM, Demeter F, Grimaud-Hervé D, Higham C, Matsumura H, Nguyen LC, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen V, Oxenham M, Sayavongkhamdy T, Sémah F, Shackelford LL, Détroit F. Dental phenotypic shape variation supports a multiple dispersal model for anatomically modern humans in Southeast Asia. J Hum Evol 2017; 112:41-56. [PMID: 29037415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The population history of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Southeast Asia (SEA) is a highly debated topic. The impact of sea level variations related to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Neolithic diffusion on past population dispersals are two key issues. We have investigated competing AMH dispersal hypotheses in SEA through the analysis of dental phenotype shape variation on the basis of very large archaeological samples employing two complementary approaches. We first explored the structure of between- and within-group shape variation of permanent human molar crowns. Second, we undertook a direct test of competing hypotheses through a modeling approach. Our results identify a significant LGM-mediated AMH expansion and a strong biological impact of the spread of Neolithic farmers into SEA during the Holocene. The present work thus favors a "multiple AMH dispersal" hypothesis for the population history of SEA, reconciling phenotypic and recent genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Corny
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, 13916, Marseille, France.
| | - Manon Galland
- University College Dublin, School of Archaeology, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7206, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Marta Arzarello
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Bacon
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, UMR 5288 CNRS, AMIS, 92120, Montrouge, France
| | - Fabrice Demeter
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7206, 75116, Paris, France; Center for GeoGenetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominique Grimaud-Hervé
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Charles Higham
- University of Otago, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hirofumi Matsumura
- Sapporo Medical University, School of Health Science, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | - Viet Nguyen
- Center for Southeast Asian Prehistory, 96/203 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Marc Oxenham
- Australian National University, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy
- Department of National Heritage, Ministry of Information and Culture, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - François Sémah
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Détroit
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Département Homme et environnement, CNRS, UMR 7194, 75116, Paris, France
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23
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Kurushima Y, Silventoinen K, Dokkedal U, Skytthe A, Mucci LA, Christensen K, Hjelmborg JVB. Heritability of the Number of Teeth in Middle-Aged and Older Danish Twins. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1513-1517. [PMID: 28787219 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517724782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss is a common health concern in older adults. We aimed to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the variation in the number of teeth in middle-aged and older populations using a population-based cohort of Danish twins. The study included 5,269 Danish middle-aged or older twins who provided data on the number of teeth at baseline by structured interviews. The data were analyzed using univariate liability threshold modeling, stratified by sex and age, to estimate familial risk of tooth loss as well as estimates of heritability. In the whole cohorts, 23% of participants were edentate and 53% had retained 20 or more teeth. A statistical model including additive genetic factors and environmental factors partly shared by co-twins and partly unique to each individual twin gave the best statistical fit for the number of teeth in both age categories as well as in men and women. Overall, additive genetic factors explained 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23% to 49%), common environmental factors 20% (95% CI: 9% to 31%), and unique environmental factors 44% (95% CI: 40% to 48%) of the total variation of the number of teeth. This study indicates that a substantial part of the variation in tooth loss is explained by genetic as well as environmental factors shared by co-twins. Our results implied that family background importantly affects tooth loss in both the middle-aged and the older populations. Family history is thus an important factor to take into account in dental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kurushima
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,2 Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Silventoinen
- 3 Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,4 Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - U Dokkedal
- 5 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Skytthe
- 5 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L A Mucci
- 6 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - K Christensen
- 5 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J V B Hjelmborg
- 5 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Paul KS, Stojanowski CM. Comparative performance of deciduous and permanent dental morphology in detecting biological relatives. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S. Paul
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ebb and flow of genetic influence relative to the understanding of craniofacial and dental disorders has evolved into a tacit acceptance of the current genetic paradigm. This review explores the science behind craniofacial and dental disorders through the lens of recent past and current findings and using tooth agenesis as a model of advances in craniofacial genetics. RECENT FINDINGS Contemporary studies of craniofacial biology takes advantage of the technological resources stemming from the genomic and post-genomic eras. Emerging data highlights the role of key genes and the epigenetic landscape controlling these genes, in causing dentofacial abnormalities. We also report here a novel Glu78FS MSX1 mutation in one family segregating an autosomal dominant form of severe tooth agenesis as an illustration of an evolving theme, i.e., different mutations in the same gene can result in a spectrum of dentofacial phenotypic severity. The future of clinical therapeutics will benefit from advances in genetics and molecular biology that refine the genotype-phenotype correlation. Indeed, the past century suggests a continued convergence of genetic science in the practice of clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Frazier-Bowers
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7450, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA.
| | - Siddharth R Vora
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, JBM-184 - 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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26
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Oral Biosciences: The annual review 2016. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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28
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Le Luyer M, Coquerelle M, Rottier S, Bayle P. Internal Tooth Structure and Burial Practices: Insights into the Neolithic Necropolis of Gurgy (France, 5100-4000 cal. BC). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159688. [PMID: 27447183 PMCID: PMC4957824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the dental crown form are widely studied to interpret evolutionary changes in primates as well as to assess affinities among human archeological populations. Compared to external metrics of dental crown size and shape, variables including the internal structures such as enamel thickness, tissue proportions, and the three-dimensional shape of enamel-dentin junction (EDJ), have been described as powerful measurements to study taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, dietary, and/or developmental patterns. In addition to providing good estimate of phenotypic distances within/across archeological samples, these internal tooth variables may help to understand phylogenetic, functional, and developmental underlying causes of variation. In this study, a high resolution microtomographic-based record of upper permanent second molars from 20 Neolithic individuals of the necropolis of Gurgy (France) was applied to evaluate the intrasite phenotypic variation in crown tissue proportions, thickness and distribution of enamel, and EDJ shape. The study aims to compare interindividual dental variations with burial practices and chronocultural parameters, and suggest underlying causes of these dental variations. From the non-invasive characterization of internal tooth structure, differences have been found between individuals buried in pits with alcove and those buried in pits with container and pits with wattling. Additionally, individuals from early and recent phases of the necropolis have been distinguished from those of the principal phase from their crown tissue proportions and EDJ shape. The results suggest that the internal tooth structure may be a reliable proxy to track groups sharing similar chronocultural and burial practices. In particular, from the EDJ shape analysis, individuals buried in an alcove shared a reduction of the distolingual dentin horn tip (corresponding to the hypocone). Environmental, developmental and/or functional underlying causes might be suggested for the origin of phenotypic differences shared by these individuals buried in alcoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Le Luyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Stéphane Rottier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Priscilla Bayle
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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29
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Shahid F, Alam MK, Khamis MF. Maxillary and mandibular anterior crown width/height ratio and its relation to various arch perimeters, arch length, and arch width groups. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:490-499. [PMID: 26929686 PMCID: PMC4745229 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the maxillary and mandibular anterior crown width/height ratio and its relation to various arch perimeters, arch length, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The calculated sample size was 128 subjects. The crown width/height, arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width of the maxilla and mandible were obtained via digital calliper (Mitutoyo, Japan). A total of 4325 variables were measured. The sex differences in the crown width and height were evaluated. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the differences between arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups. RESULTS Males had significantly larger mean values for crown width and height than females (P ≤ 0.05) for maxillary and mandibular arches, both. There were no significant differences observed for the crown width/height ratio in various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width (intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar) groups (P ≤ 0.05) in maxilla and mandible, both. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate sexual disparities in the crown width and height. Crown width and height has no significant relation to various arch length, arch perimeter, and arch width groups of maxilla and mandible. Thus, it may be helpful for orthodontic and prosthodontic case investigations and comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Shahid
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhli Khamis
- Forensic Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
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30
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Su Y, Fan Z, Wu X, Li Y, Wang F, Zhang C, Wang J, Du J, Wang S. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of developing deciduous tooth germ in miniature pigs. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:134. [PMID: 26911717 PMCID: PMC4766650 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification critical to the regulation of gene expression during development. To date, little is known about the role of DNA methylation in tooth development in large animal models. Thus, we carried out a comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in E50 and E60 tooth germ from miniature pigs using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq). Results We observed different DNA methylation patterns during the different developmental stages of pig tooth germ. A total of 2469 differentially methylated genes were identified. Functional analysis identified several signaling pathways and 104 genes that may be potential key regulators of pig tooth development from E50 to E60. Conclusions The present study provided a comprehensive analysis of the global DNA methylation pattern of tooth germ in miniature pigs and identified candidate genes that potentially regulate tooth development from E50 to E60. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2485-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao No.10, Beijing, 100069, China.
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31
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Wang J, Sun K, Shen Y, Xu Y, Xie J, Huang R, Zhang Y, Xu C, Zhang X, Wang R, Lin Y. DNA methylation is critical for tooth agenesis: implications for sporadic non-syndromic anodontia and hypodontia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19162. [PMID: 26759063 PMCID: PMC4725352 DOI: 10.1038/srep19162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypodontia is caused by interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors during tooth development, but the actual mechanism is unknown. DNA methylation now appears to play a significant role in abnormal developments, flawed phenotypes, and acquired diseases. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) has been developed as a new method of scanning large-scale DNA-methylation profiles within particular regions or in the entire genome. Here, we performed a genome-wide scan of paired DNA samples obtained from 4 patients lacking two mandibular incisors and 4 healthy controls with normal dentition. We scanned another female with non-syndromic anodontia and her younger brother with the same gene mutations of the PAX9,MSX1,AXIN2 and EDA, but without developmental abnormalities in the dentition. Results showed significant differences in the methylation level of the whole genome between the hypodontia and the normal groups. Nine genes were spotted, some of which have not been associated with dental development; these genes were related mainly to the development of cartilage, bone, teeth, and neural transduction, which implied a potential gene cascade network in hypodontia at the methylation level. This pilot study reveals the critical role of DNA methylation in hypodontia and might provide insights into developmental biology and the pathobiology of acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14., 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14., 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Renhuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14., 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chenyuan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Raorao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14., 3rd Sec, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Neves EG, Ramos-Perez FMDM, Freitas DQ, Bóscolo FN, Almeida SM. Radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on developing teeth. Braz Dent J 2015; 24:375-9. [PMID: 24173260 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Radioprotective agents like selenium are used to reduce the damage caused by radiation in healthy tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium selenite on the development of the molars of offspring of rats irradiated during odontogenesis. Twenty pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, irradiated, selenium and selenium/irradiated. The selenium and selenium/irradiated groups received 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite at 18 days of pregnancy. The rats of the irradiated and selenium/irradiated groups received a single dose of 4 Gy of X rays on the abdominal region at the 19th day of pregnancy. The offspring was sacrificed at 3 and 4 days after birth for evaluation of the birefringence of the enamel organic matrix, and at 30 days for evaluation of the intercuspal dimensions of the molars. The selenium/irradiated group was similar to the irradiated group with respect to the thickness and irregularity of the enamel organic matrix region in the evaluated birefringence, as the intercuspal dimensions of the molars. In conclusion, sodium selenite had no radioprotective action on the development of the molars of offspring of rats irradiated during odontogenesis and had a toxic effect in the initial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gaby Neves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, PiracicabaSP, Brazil
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The Influence of Chorion Type on Health Measures at Birth and Dental Development in Australian and Dutch Twins: A Comparative Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:368-74. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chorion type may significantly influence the prenatal environment of twins. This study explored the associations between chorion type and gestational age, birth weight, birth length, and the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth in two populations of twins, Australian and Dutch. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between chorion type and birth weight discordance (BWD) in order to determine whether a significant relationship existed between discordance in birth weight and discordance in the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth. The two study samples consisted of 409 Australian twin pairs and 301 Dutch twin pairs, all of European ancestry. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires and recording charts administered to the parents and through linkage with biological databases. In the Australian sample, monozygotic monochorionic (MZMC) twins experienced the shortest mean gestation time (35 weeks), the lowest mean birth length (46 cm) and the lowest mean birth weight (2.3 kg) compared with other twin groups. For the same variables in the Dutch sample, these trends with MZMC twinning were not observed. Chorion type did not significantly affect the mean timing of emergence of the first primary tooth in either sample. Monochorionicity was found to be significantly associated with BWD in both samples, but there was a significant association between BWD in MZMC twin pairs and timing of emergence of the first primary tooth only in the Australian sample. Results from this study support previous findings that the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth is influenced strongly by genetic factors and is well protected from environmental disturbances.
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Kowalski TW, Sanseverino MTV, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. Thalidomide embryopathy: Follow-up of cases born between 1959 and 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:794-803. [PMID: 26043318 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalidomide is a known teratogen and it is estimated that more than ten thousand babies were affected by thalidomide embryopathy (TE), which is characterized mainly by limb defects, but can involve many organs and systems. Most people with TE were only evaluated at birth and it is not well established if thalidomide exposure during embryonic development leads to later effects. We analyzed the clinical history of adults with TE to better understand this gap in the clinical findings of TE. METHODS Brazilian individuals with TE were invited to answer a clinical questionnaire which considered family history, social information, medical history, and current clinical and psychological health status. A clinical examination was also performed, including on the infant subjects to evaluate congenital anomalies. The characterization of the features was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The congenital anomalies caused by thalidomide were reviewed in 28 Brazilian individuals, and the questionnaire was applied to the 23 adult subjects with TE (aged 19 to 55). Progressive deafness and dental loss were reported. From the comparison of TE individuals with the general Brazilian population, the early onset of cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of psychological disorders (p = 0.011) were observed. CONCLUSION Although there is no sufficient evidence that thalidomide exposure caused or worsened the described events, this approach helps to better understand the TE phenotype, improves the clinical diagnosis, and can lead to adequate health support for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- PPGBM (Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- PPGBM (Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- PPGBM (Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- PPGBM (Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Seabra M, Felino A, Nogueira R, Valente F, Braga AC, Vaz P. Prenatal ultrasound and postmortem histologic evaluation of tooth germs: an observational, transversal study. Head Face Med 2015; 11:18. [PMID: 25962445 PMCID: PMC4440249 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypodontia is the most frequent developmental anomaly of the orofacial complex, and its detection in prenatal ultrasound may indicate the presence of congenital malformations, genetic syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities. To date, only a few studies have evaluated the histological relationship of human tooth germs identified by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. In order to analyze whether two-dimensional ultrasonography of tooth germs may be successfully used for identifying genetic syndromes, prenatal ultrasound images of fetal tooth germs obtained from a Portuguese population sample were compared with histological images obtained from fetal autopsies. Methods Observational, descriptive, transversal study. The study protocol followed the ethical principles outlined by the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Porto (FMDUP, Porto, Portugal) and of the Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/EPE, Porto, Portugal) as well as by the CGC Genetics Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory. Eighty-five fetuses examined by prenatal ultrasound screening from May 2011 to August 2012 had an indication for autopsy following spontaneous fetal death or medical termination of pregnancy. Of the 85 fetuses, 37 (43.5%) were randomly selected for tooth germ evaluation by routine histopathological analysis. Fetuses who were up to 30 weeks of gestation, and whose histological pieces were not representative of all maxillary tooth germs was excluded. Twenty four fetus between the 13th and 30th weeks of gestation fulfilled the parameters to autopsy. Results Twenty four fetuses were submitted to histological evaluation and were determined the exact number, morphology, and mineralization of their tooth germs. All tooth germs were identifiable with ultrasonography as early as the 13th week of gestation. Of the fetuses autopsied, 41.7% had hypodontia (29.1% maxillary hypodontia and 20.9% mandibular hypodontia). Conclusions This results indicate that prenatal ultrasound is a reliable method for detecting of hypodontia an early gestational ages. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Seabra
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Porto (FMDUP), 4200-393, Porto, Portugal. .,Portuguese Catholic University (UCP), Viseu, Portugal.
| | | | - Rosete Nogueira
- Pathology Laboratory of CGC Genetics/Centro de Genética Clínica, Porto, Portugal. .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Valente
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Hospital of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Braga
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, and researcher in Algoritmi Centre University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paula Vaz
- Department of Medical and Orofacial Genetics of FMDUP, Porto, Portugal.
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Lochovska K, Peterkova R, Pavlikova Z, Hovorakova M. Sprouty gene dosage influences temporal-spatial dynamics of primary enamel knot formation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:21. [PMID: 25897685 PMCID: PMC4425875 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mouse embryonic mandible comprises two types of tooth primordia in the cheek region: progressive tooth primordia of prospective functional teeth and rudimentary tooth primordia in premolar region - MS and R2. Mice lacking Sprouty genes develop supernumerary tooth in front of the lower M1 (first molar) primordium during embryogenesis. We focused on temporal-spatial dynamics of Sonic Hedgehog expression as a marker of early odontogenesis during supernumerary tooth development. RESULTS Using mouse embryos with different dosages of Spry2 and Spry4 genes, we showed that during the normal development of M1 in the mandible the sooner appearing Shh signaling domain of the R2 bud transiently coexisted with the later appearing Shh expression domain in the early M1 primordium. Both domains subsequently fused together to form the typical signaling center representing primary enamel knot (pEK) of M1 germ at embryonic day (E) 14.5. However, in embryos with lower Spry2;Spry4 gene dosages, we observed a non-fusion of original R2 and M1 Shh signaling domains with consequent formation of a supernumerary tooth primordium from the isolated R2 bud. CONCLUSIONS Our results bring new insight to the development of the first lower molar of mouse embryos and define simple tooth unit capable of individual development, as well as determine its influence on normal and abnormal development of the tooth row which reflect evolutionarily conserved tooth pattern. Our findings contribute significantly to existing knowledge about supernumerary tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Lochovska
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Pavlikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Seo JY, Park YJ, Yi YA, Hwang JY, Lee IB, Cho BH, Son HH, Seo DG. Epigenetics: general characteristics and implications for oral health. Restor Dent Endod 2014; 40:14-22. [PMID: 25671208 PMCID: PMC4320272 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information such as DNA sequences has been limited to fully explain mechanisms of gene regulation and disease process. Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs, can regulate gene expression and affect progression of disease. Although studies focused on epigenetics are being actively investigated in the field of medicine and biology, epigenetics in dental research is at the early stages. However, studies on epigenetics in dentistry deserve attention because epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in gene expression during tooth development and may affect oral diseases. In addition, understanding of epigenetic alteration is important for developing new therapeutic methods. This review article aims to outline the general features of epigenetic mechanisms and describe its future implications in the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Yi
- Department of Dentistry, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Hwang
- Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Bog Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Son
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog-Gyu Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Qin H, Cai J. Axis inhibition protein 2 polymorphisms may be a risk factor for families with isolated oligodontia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1899-904. [PMID: 25377791 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to search for Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), paired box gene 9 (PAX9), ectodysplasin‑A (EDA) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) variants in a family with isolated oligodontia and analyse the pathogenesis of mutations that result in oligodontia phenotypes. Members of a single family (but of different descent) with oligodontia and unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples. Mutation analysis was performed by amplifying MSX1, PAX9, EDA and AXIN2 exons as well as their exon‑intron boundaries and sequencing the products. DNA sequencing of the AXIN2 gene revealed three mutations in the two patients with oligodontia: a homozygotic silent mutation c.1365A>G (p.Pro455=) in exon 3, two c.956+16A>G mutations (II‑1: homozygosis; III‑1: heterozygosis) and c.1200+71A>G (homozygosis) in the intron, which possibly contributed to structural and functional changes in proteins. The heterozygotic mutations c.1365A>G and c.1200+71A>G were identified in the proband's mother (II‑2). No mutations were detected in the MSX1, PAX9 and EDA genes of oligodontia patients. The findings suggest that the c.956+16A>G, c.1365A>G and c.1200+71A>G mutations of AXIN2 may be responsible for the oligodontia phenotype in this family, but these findings require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, P.R. China
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Kim SO, Lee JH, Choi HJ, Jung HS, Song JS. A new type of dental anomaly: molar-incisor malformation (MIM). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:101-109.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Al-Shahrani I, Dirks W, Jepson N, Khalaf K. 3D-Geomorphometrics tooth shape analysis in hypodontia. Front Physiol 2014; 5:154. [PMID: 24795649 PMCID: PMC4006061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of tooth morphology is an important part of the diagnosis and management of hypodontia patients. Several techniques have been used to analyze tooth form in hypodontia patients and these have shown smaller tooth dimensions and anomalous tooth shapes in patients with hypodontia when compared with controls. However, previous studies have mainly used 2D images and provided limited information. In the present study, 3D surface-imaging and statistical shape analysis were used to evaluate tooth form differences between hypodontia and control patients. Eighteen anatomical landmarks were recorded on the clinical crown of the lower left first permanent molar of 3D scanned study models of hypodontia and control subjects. The study sample group comprised of 120 hypodontia patients (40 mild, 40 moderate, and 40 severe hypodontia patients) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Procrustes coordinates were utilized to scale and superimpose the landmark coordinate data and then were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, differences in shape as well as size were tested statistically using allometric analysis and MANOVA. Significant interaction was found between the two factor variables “group” and “sex” (p < 0.002). Overall expected accuracies were 66 and 56% for females and males, respectively, in the cross-validated discriminant-analysis using the first 20 PCs. Hypodontia groups showed significant shape differences compared with the control subjects (p < 0.0001). Significant differences in tooth crown shape were also found between sexes (p < 0.0001) within groups. Furthermore, the degree of variation in tooth form was proportional to the degree of the severity of the hypodontia. Thus, quantitative measurement of tooth shape in hypodontia patients may enhance the multidisciplinary management of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Shahrani
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Department of Orthodontics, Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas Jepson
- Department of Orthodontics, Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Khaled Khalaf
- Dental School and Hospital, The University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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41
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Brook AH, Jernvall J, Smith RN, Hughes TE, Townsend GC. The dentition: the outcomes of morphogenesis leading to variations of tooth number, size and shape. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:131-42. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AH Brook
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
- Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; United Kingdom
| | - J Jernvall
- Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - RN Smith
- School of Dentistry; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - TE Hughes
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - GC Townsend
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
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42
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Peterkova R, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Lesot H. Three-dimensional analysis of the early development of the dentition. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:55-80. [PMID: 24495023 PMCID: PMC4199315 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tooth development has attracted the attention of researchers since the 19th century. It became obvious even then that morphogenesis could not fully be appreciated from two-dimensional histological sections. Therefore, methods of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions were employed to visualize the surface morphology of developing structures and to help appreciate the complexity of early tooth morphogenesis. The present review surveys the data provided by computer-aided 3D analyses to update classical knowledge of early odontogenesis in the laboratory mouse and in humans. 3D reconstructions have demonstrated that odontogenesis in the early stages is a complex process which also includes the development of rudimentary odontogenic structures with different fates. Their developmental, evolutionary, and pathological aspects are discussed. The combination of in situ hybridization and 3D reconstruction have demonstrated the temporo-spatial dynamics of the signalling centres that reflect transient existence of rudimentary tooth primordia at loci where teeth were present in ancestors. The rudiments can rescue their suppressed development and revitalize, and then their subsequent autonomous development can give rise to oral pathologies. This shows that tooth-forming potential in mammals can be greater than that observed from their functional dentitions. From this perspective, the mouse rudimentary tooth primordia represent a natural model to test possibilities of tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Peterkova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Riga A, Belcastro MG, Moggi-Cecchi J. Environmental stress increases variability in the expression of dental cusps. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:397-407. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biological; Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological; Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna; 40126 Bologna Italy
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Hughes TE, Townsend GC, Pinkerton SK, Bockmann MR, Seow WK, Brook AH, Richards LC, Mihailidis S, Ranjitkar S, Lekkas D. The teeth and faces of twins: providing insights into dentofacial development and oral health for practising oral health professionals. Aust Dent J 2013; 59 Suppl 1:101-16. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- TE Hughes
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - GC Townsend
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - SK Pinkerton
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - MR Bockmann
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - WK Seow
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - AH Brook
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
- Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; United Kingdom
| | - LC Richards
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - S Mihailidis
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - S Ranjitkar
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - D Lekkas
- School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
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Qin H, Xu HZ, Xuan K. Clinical and genetic evaluation of a Chinese family with isolated oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1180-6. [PMID: 23731659 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oligodontia is defined as the congenital absence of 6 or more permanent teeth excluding the third molar. Tooth agenesis may be classified as syndromic/non-syndromic and as familial/sporadic. To date, more than 300 genes have been found to be involved in tooth development, but only a few of these genes, such as MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2, are related to the condition of non-syndromic oligodontia. The objective of the present work was to investigate the disease-causing gene of non-syndromic oligodontia in a Han Chinese family and analyse the pathogenesis of mutations that result in oligodontia. DESIGN We examined all individuals of the oligodontia family by clinical and radiographic examinations. Based on the clinical manifestations, the candidate genes MSX, PAX9 and AXIN2 were selected to analyse and screen for mutations. RESULTS The clinical evaluation suggested that the family might show non-syndromic oligodontia. DNA sequencing of the MSX1 gene revealed two mutations in the two patients with oligodontia: a heterozygotic silent mutation, c.348C>T (P.Gly116=), in exon 1 and a homozygotic deletion of 11 nucleotides (c.469+56delins GCCGGGTGGGG) in the intron. However, the silent mutation and the deletion mutation were thought to be known polymorphisms (rs34165410 and rs34341187) by bioinformatics analysis. We did not detect any mutations in the PAX9 and AXIN2 genes of oligodontia patients. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that identified polymorphisms (c.348C>T and c.469+56delins GCCGGGTGGGG) may be responsible for the oligodontia phenotype in this Chinese family, but the association requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Department of Dentistry, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dreesen K, Swinnen S, Devriendt K, Carels C. Tooth agenesis patterns and phenotype variation in a cohort of Belgian patients with hypodontia and oligodontia clustered in 79 families with their pedigrees. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:99-106. [PMID: 23598609 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though tooth agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly of the human dentition, its genetic background and pathogenic mechanism(s) still remain poorly understood. Syndromic and isolated forms of hypodontia have been described and can occur sporadically or in families. OBJECTIVES We describe and analyse the hypo-/oligodontia phenotype variations in families. The index patient suffers from severe or mild hypodontia; case-parents/sib records are available. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate whether the different agenesis patterns in the pedigrees are predictive of mutations in specific genes based on reported genotype-phenotype associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental records and pedigrees were collected from 79 families. In 67 families, the index patient presented with oligodontia while in 12 families with hypodontia. The phenotype data of 66 oligodontia index patients were analysed with the Tooth Agenesis Code software. RESULTS Nine families counted two members; one family counted three members affected with oligodontia. Twenty-four oligodontia families respectively had one (n = 17), two (n = 4), three (n = 2) or four (n = 1) additional family members presenting with hypodontia. Of the 77 oligodontia cases, two showed the same tooth agenesis pattern, while 75 patients showed unique tooth agenesis patterns. CONCLUSIONS Despite familial aggregation and expected Mendelian segregation, the number of missing teeth in the familial hypo-/oligodontia phenotypes and the tooth agenesis patterns are highly variable between the affected family members. Therefore, we hypothesize that tooth agenesis is not (always) a simple monogenic condition, but additional genetic or environmental factors can modify the expression of the phenotype.
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Ribeiro DC, Brook AH, Hughes TE, Sampson WJ, Townsend GC. Intrauterine hormone effects on tooth dimensions. J Dent Res 2013; 92:425-31. [PMID: 23549090 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513484934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human dentition is a complex adaptive system that is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Within this system, is sexual dimorphism related to the growth promotion of the Y chromosome, or to hormonal influences, or both? This study is the first to investigate both primary and permanent tooth sizes in females from opposite-sex dizygotic (DZOS) twin pairs compared with females from dizygotic same-sex (DZSS) and monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs to indicate the influence of intrauterine male hormone, including the initial testosterone surge, on dental development. Serial dental models of the primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions of 134 females from DZOS, DZSS, and MZ twins were examined. Mesiodistal, buccolingual, crown height, and intercuspal dimensions of all primary teeth and selected permanent teeth were determined by image analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed statistically significantly larger crown size in DZOS females in both dentitions, with the crown height dimensions displaying the greatest increase in size. These findings strongly support the Twin Testosterone Transfer (TTT) hypothesis. We propose that the growth-promoting effects of the Y chromosome and intrauterine male hormone levels influence different tooth dimensions and contribute differentially to the sexual dimorphism of human teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, 5005
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48
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FERNANDES DANIELM, SILVA ANAM, O’DONNABHAIN BARRA, PINHASI RON. Dental microevolution in Portuguese Neolithic and modern samples using an alternative morphometric analysis. ANTHROPOL SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.120906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DANIEL M. FERNANDES
- Department of Life Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, University of Coimbra, Coimbra
| | - ANA M. SILVA
- Department of Life Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, University of Coimbra, Coimbra
| | | | - RON PINHASI
- School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Dublin
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