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Koopmann IK, Müller BA, Labes A. Screening of a Thraustochytrid Strain Collection for Carotenoid and Squalene Production Characterized by Cluster Analysis, Comparison of 18S rRNA Gene Sequences, Growth Behavior, and Morphology. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:204. [PMID: 37103341 PMCID: PMC10140983 DOI: 10.3390/md21040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and squalene are important terpenes that are applied in a wide range of products in foods and cosmetics. Thraustochytrids might be used as alternative production organisms to improve production processes, but the taxon is rarely studied. A screening of 62 strains of thraustochytrids sensu lato for their potential to produce carotenoids and squalene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was built based on 18S rRNA gene sequences for taxonomic classification, revealing eight different clades of thraustochytrids. Design of experiments (DoE) and growth models identified high amounts of glucose (up to 60 g/L) and yeast extract (up to 15 g/L) as important factors for most of the strains. Squalene and carotenoid production was studied by UHPLC-PDA-MS measurements. Cluster analysis of the carotenoid composition partially mirrored the phylogenetic results, indicating a possible use for chemotaxonomy. Strains in five clades produced carotenoids. Squalene was found in all analyzed strains. Carotenoid and squalene synthesis was dependent on the strain, medium composition and solidity. Strains related to Thraustochytrium aureum and Thraustochytriidae sp. are promising candidates for carotenoid synthesis. Strains closely related to Schizochytrium aggregatum might be suitable for squalene production. Thraustochytrium striatum might be a good compromise for the production of both molecule groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koopmann
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Bettina A Müller
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Antje Labes
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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2
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Bai M, Sen B, Wen S, Ye H, He Y, Zhang X, Wang G. Culturable Diversity of Thraustochytrids from Coastal Waters of Qingdao and Their Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040229. [PMID: 35447902 PMCID: PMC9029807 DOI: 10.3390/md20040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids have gained significant attention in recent years because of their considerable ecological and biotechnological importance. Yet, the influence of seasons and habitats on their culturable diversity and lipid profile remains poorly described. In this study, a total of 58 thraustochytrid strains were isolated from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China. These strains were phylogenetically close to five thraustochytrid genera, namely Botryochytrium, Oblongichytrium, Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, and Sicyoidochytrium. Most of the isolated strains were classified into the genera Thraustochytrium and Oblongichytrium. Further diversity analysis revealed that samples collected from nutrient-rich habitats and during summer/fall yielded significantly higher culturable diversity of thraustochytrids than those from low-nutrient habitats and winter/spring. Moreover, sampling habitats and seasons significantly impacted the fatty acid profiles of the strains. Particularly, the Oblongichytrium sp. OC931 strain produced a significant amount (153.99 mg/L) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounting for 9.12% of the total fatty acids, which was significantly higher than that of the previously reported Aurantiochytrium strains. Overall, the results of this study fill the gap in our current understanding of the culturable diversity of thraustochytrids in the coastal waters and the impact of the sampling habitats and seasons on their capacity for lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Shuai Wen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Huike Ye
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (S.W.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.W.)
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Soccol CR, Colonia BSO, de Melo Pereira GV, Mamani LDG, Karp SG, Thomaz Soccol V, Penha RDO, Dalmas Neto CJ, César de Carvalho J. Bioprospecting lipid-producing microorganisms: From metagenomic-assisted isolation techniques to industrial application and innovations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126455. [PMID: 34863851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, lipid-producing microorganisms have been obtained via conventional bioprospecting based on isolation and screening techniques, demanding time and effort. Thus, high-throughput sequencing combined with conventional microbiological approaches has emerged as an advanced and rapid strategy for recovering novel oleaginous microorganisms from target environments. This review highlights recent developments in lipid-producing microorganism bioprospecting, following (i) from traditional cultivation techniques to state-of-the-art metagenomics approaches; (ii) related topics on workflow, next-generation sequencing platforms, and knowledge bioinformatics; and (iii) biotechnological potential of the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Aurantiochytrium limacinum, arachidonic acid (ARA) by Mortierella alpina and biodiesel by Rhodosporidium toruloides. These three species have been shown to be highly promising and studied in research articles, patents and commercialized products. Trends, innovations and future perspectives of these microorganisms are also addressed. Thus, these microbial lipids allow the development of food, feed and biofuels as alternative solutions to animal and vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta Mamani
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Dalmas Neto
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Thraustochytrids of Mangrove Habitats from Andaman Islands: Species Diversity, PUFA Profiles and Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100571. [PMID: 34677470 PMCID: PMC8539084 DOI: 10.3390/md19100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are the most promising microbial source for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for its application in the human health, aquaculture, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study isolated 127 thraustochytrid strains from mangrove habitats of the south Andaman Islands, India to study their diversity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and biotechnological potential. The predominant strains were identified as belonging to two major genera (Thraustochytrium, Aurantiochytrium) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The strain ANVKK-06 produced the maximum biomass of 5.42 g·L-1, while ANVKK-03 exhibited the maximum total lipid (71.03%). Omega-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) accumulated up to 11.03% in ANVKK-04, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) up to 8.65% in ANVKK-07, and DHA up to 47.19% in ANVKK-06. ANVKK-06 showed the maximum scavenging activity (84.79 ± 2.30%) while ANVKK-03 and ANVKK-10 displayed the highest antibacterial activity against human and fish pathogens, S. aureus (18.69 ± 1.2 mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (18.31 ± 1.0 mm), respectively. All strains were non-toxic as evident by negative blood agar hemolysis, thus, the thraustochytrids are suggested to be a potential source of DHA for application in the health care of human and fish.
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Gupta A, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Multiproduct biorefinery from marine thraustochytrids towards a circular bioeconomy. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:448-462. [PMID: 34627647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology research continues to expand due to largely unexplored marine environments and growing consumer interest in healthy products. Thraustochytrids, which are marine oleaginous protists, are known for their production of bioactives with significant applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture. A wide range of high-value biochemicals, such as nutritional supplements (omega-3 fatty acids), squalene, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), enzymes, aquaculture feed, and biodiesel and pigment compounds, have been investigated. We discuss thraustochytrids as potential feedstocks to produce various bioactive compounds and advocate developing a biorefinery to offset production costs. We anticipate that future advances in cell manufacturing, lipidomic analysis, and nanotechnology-guided lipid extraction would facilitate large-scale cost-competitive production through these microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Gupta
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Geelong, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Geelong, Australia.
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6
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Colonia BSO, de Melo Pereira GV, Mendonça Rodrigues F, de Souza Miranda Muynarsk E, da Silva Vale A, Cesar de Carvalho J, Thomaz Soccol V, de Oliveira Penha R, Ricardo Soccol C. Integrating metagenetics and high-throughput screening for bioprospecting marine thraustochytrids producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125176. [PMID: 33894449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 produced by marine thraustochytrids has appeared as an alternative to fish oil and an eco-friendly solution to overfishing. Herein, an integrative analysis of metagenetics and high-throughput screening was used for bioprospecting marine thraustochytrids from southern Brazil mangrove and coastal seawater. All sampled environments showed biodiversity and abundance of SAR clade. Environmental samples detected with potential lipid-accumulating labyrinthulomycetes were further processed for direct plating and pollen baiting isolation. Microtiter plate system and fluorescence spectroscopy were combined for high-throughput screening of 319 isolates to accumulate lipids. Twenty isolates were selected for submerged cultivation and lipid characterization. Among them, B36 isolate, identified as Aurantiochytrium sp. by 18s rRNA sequencing, achieved the highest biomass (25.60 g/l CDW) and lipids (17.12 g/l CDW). This lipid content had a high biological value with 44.37% LC-PUFAs and 34.6% DHA, which can be used as a sustainable source in vegan, seafood-free and animal feed diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Mendonça Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander da Silva Vale
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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7
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Bagul VP, Annapure US. Isolation of fast-growing thraustochytrids and seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of thraustochytrids from mangrove regions of Navi Mumbai, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112597. [PMID: 33878627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to isolate fast-growing thraustochytrids and the influence of seasonal variation in fatty acid composition from the mangrove habitat. The thraustochytrids were isolated from fallen yellowish or green mangrove leaves, in four seasons, including winter, summer, rainy, and post rainy season in one year. The thraustochytrids were analyzed for biomass production, total lipid content, and fatty acid profile. The thraustochytrid isolates showed biomass yield and total lipid content in the range of 14.12 ± 0.69 to 22.98 ± 0.53 g/L and 34.98-58.86% per dry cell weight, respectively. The isolates showed two dominant fatty acids, palmitic acid (PA) as saturated fatty acid (SFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in total fatty acid (TFA) content. The significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for seasonal variations in SFA and DHA content in summer isolates and winter isolates. The maximum DHA content with 47.12% of TFA, recorded in winter (January) isolates and summer (April) isolates with SFA 68.82% of TFA. The results from this study were verified the hypothesis that the presence of high DHA producing thraustochytrids in lower temperature season in the same habitat. These findings have also emphasized the role of the environmental temperature conditions and the importance of thraustochytrid fatty acid composition as a dietary biomarker. Also, it revealed the ecological significance of thraustochytrid in DHA enrichment in the food web of the marine ecosystem. These findings could be useful while isolating thraustochytrids according to seasons for industrial application for omega 3 fatty acids and biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali P Bagul
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Uday S Annapure
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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8
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Lyu L, Wang Q, Wang G. Cultivation and diversity analysis of novel marine thraustochytrids. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:263-275. [PMID: 37073337 PMCID: PMC10077191 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are a group of unicellular marine heterotrophic protists, and have long been known for their biotechnological potentials in producing squalene, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and other bioactive products. There are less than a hundred known strains from diverse marine habitats. Therefore, the discovery of new strains from natural environments is still one of the major limitations for fully exploring this interesting group of marine protists. At present, numerous attempts have been made to study thraustochytrids, mainly focusing on isolating new strains, analyzing the diversity in specific marine habitats, and increasing the yield of bioactive substances. There is a lack of a systematic study of the culturable diversity, and cultivation strategies. This paper reviews the distribution and diversity of culturable thraustochytrids from a range of marine environments, and describes in detail the most commonly used isolation methods and the control of culture parameters. Furthermore, the perspective approaches of isolation and cultivation for the discovery of new strains are discussed. Finally, the future directions of novel marine thraustochytrid research are proposed. The ultimate goal is to promote the awareness of biotechnological potentials of culturable thraustochytrid strains in industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lyu
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Qiuzhen Wang
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, 066000 China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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9
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Pawar PR, Velani S, Kumari S, Lali AM, Prakash G. Isolation and optimization of a novel thraustochytrid strain for DHA rich and astaxanthin comprising biomass as aquafeed supplement. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 33489688 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A marine organism, belonging to the Thraustochytrids family was isolated from mangroves of Mumbai, India. The isolated strain was identified as Aurantiochytrium limacinum by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Optimization of process parameters yielded 14.47 g/L dry cell weight containing 55-58% oil in 3.5 days' cultivation on glucose, yeast extract, and peptone in the bioreactor. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found to be the dominant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, accounting for 32-35% of total fatty acid content. The process parameter was tweaked to simultaneously synthesize astaxanthin along with DHA. The concurrent synthesis of DHA and astaxanthin-containing biomass establishes the isolated strain as a perfect choice for aquafeed. Accession number: NCBI accession number MN046792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik R Pawar
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sneha Velani
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Morabito C, Aiese Cigliano R, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F, Amato A. Illumina and PacBio DNA sequencing data, de novo assembly and annotation of the genome of Aurantiochytrium limacinum strain CCAP_4062/1. Data Brief 2020; 31:105729. [PMID: 32490088 PMCID: PMC7262427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum strain CCAP_4062/1 was sequenced using both Illumina Novaseq 6000 and third generation sequencing technology PacBio RSII in order to obtain trustworthy assembly and annotation. The reads from both platforms were combined at multiple levels in order to obtain a reliable assembly, then compared to the A. limacinum ATCCⓇ MYA1381™ reference genome. The final assembly was annotated with the help of strain CCAP_4062/1 RNAseq data. A. limacinum strain CCAP_4062/1 is an industrial strain used for the production of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, like the docosahexaenoic acid that is an essential fatty acid synthesised only at very low pace in humans and vertebrates . Thraustochytrids in general and Aurantiochytrium more specifically, are used for carotenoid and squalene production as well. Beside their biotechnological interest, thraustochytrids play a crucial role in both inshore and oceanic basins ecosystems. Genome sequences will foster biotechnological as well as ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morabito
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Miranda AF, Nham Tran TL, Abramov T, Jehalee F, Miglani M, Liu Z, Rochfort S, Gupta A, Cheirsilp B, Adhikari B, Puri M, Mouradov A. Marine Protists and Rhodotorula Yeast as Bio-Convertors of Marine Waste into Nutrient-Rich Deposits for Mangrove Ecosystems. Protist 2020; 171:125738. [PMID: 32544845 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents a comprehensive study of two new thraustochytrids and a marine Rhodotorula red yeast isolated from Australian coastal waters for their abilities to be a potential renewable feedstock for the nutraceutical, food, fishery and bioenergy industries. Mixotrophic growth of these species was assessed in the presence of different carbon sources: glycerol, glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and sucrose, starch, cellulose, malt extract, and potato peels. Up to 14g DW/L (4.6gDW/L-day and 2.8gDW/L-day) of biomass were produced by Aurantiochytrium and Thraustochytrium species, respectively. Thraustochytrids biomass contained up to 33% DW of lipids, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, 124mg/g DW); up to 10.2mg/gDW of squalene and up to 61μg/gDW of total carotenoids, composed of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, and β-carotene. Along with the accumulation of these added-value chemicals in biomass, thraustochytrid representatives showed the ability to secrete extracellular polysaccharide matrixes containing lipids and proteins. Rhodotorula sp lipids (26% DW) were enriched in palmitic acid (C16:0, 18mg/gDW) and oleic acid (C18:1, 41mg/gDW). Carotenoids (87μg/gDW) were mainly represented by β-carotene (up to 54μg/gDW). Efficient growth on organic and inorganic sources of carbon and nitrogen from natural and anthropogenic wastewater pollutants along with intracellular and extracellular production of valuable nutrients makes the production of valuable chemicals from isolated species economical and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Miranda
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tomer Abramov
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Faridah Jehalee
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Mohini Miglani
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Aidyn Mouradov
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Miranda AF, Kumar NR, Spangenberg G, Subudhi S, Lal B, Mouradov A. Aquatic Plants, Landoltia punctata, and Azolla filiculoides as Bio-Converters of Wastewater to Biofuel. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E437. [PMID: 32244834 PMCID: PMC7238415 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aquatic plants, Azolla filiculoides, and Landoltia punctate, were used as complementing phytoremediators of wastewater containing high levels of phosphate, which simulates the effluents from textile, dyeing, and laundry detergent industries. Their complementarities are based on differences in capacities to uptake nitrogen and phosphate components from wastewater. Sequential treatment by L. punctata followed by A. filiculoides led to complete removal of NH4, NO3, and up to 93% reduction of PO4. In experiments where L. punctata treatment was followed by fresh L. punctata, PO4 concentration was reduced by 65%. The toxicity of wastewater assessed by shrimps, Paratya australiensis, showed a four-fold reduction of their mortality (LC50 value) after treatment. Collected dry biomass was used as an alternative carbon source for heterotrophic marine protists, thraustochytrids, which produced up to 35% dry weight of lipids rich in palmitic acid (50% of total fatty acids), the key fatty acid for biodiesel production. The fermentation of treated L. punctata biomass by Enterobacter cloacae yielded up to 2.14 mol H2/mole of reduced sugar, which is comparable with leading terrestrial feedstocks. A. filiculoides and L. punctata can be used as a new generation of feedstock, which can treat different types of wastewater and represent renewable and sustainable feedstock for bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Miranda
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - N. Ram Kumar
- The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110 003, India; (N.R.K.); (S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - German Spangenberg
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3083, Australia;
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110 003, India; (N.R.K.); (S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Banwari Lal
- The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110 003, India; (N.R.K.); (S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Aidyn Mouradov
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora VIC 3083, Australia;
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13
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Nham Tran TL, Miranda AF, Gupta A, Puri M, Ball AS, Adhikari B, Mouradov A. The Nutritional and Pharmacological Potential of New Australian Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Sediments. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E151. [PMID: 32155832 PMCID: PMC7142457 DOI: 10.3390/md18030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove sediments represent unique microbial ecosystems that act as a buffer zone, biogeochemically recycling marine waste into nutrient-rich depositions for marine and terrestrial species. Marine unicellular protists, thraustochytrids, colonizing mangrove sediments have received attention due to their ability to produce large amounts of long-chain ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper represents a comprehensive study of two new thraustochytrids for their production of valuable biomolecules in biomass, de-oiled cakes, supernatants, extracellular polysaccharide matrixes, and recovered oil bodies. Extracted lipids (up to 40% of DW) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 80% of total fatty acids) were mainly represented by docosahexaenoic acid (75% of polyunsaturated fatty acids). Cells also showed accumulation of squalene (up to 13 mg/g DW) and carotenoids (up to 72 µg/g DW represented by astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, and β-carotene). Both strains showed a high concentration of protein in biomass (29% DW) and supernatants (2.7 g/L) as part of extracellular polysaccharide matrixes. Alkalinization of collected biomass represents a new and easy way to recover lipid-rich oil bodies in the form of an aqueous emulsion. The ability to produce added-value molecules makes thraustochytrids an important alternative to microalgae and plants dominating in the food, pharmacological, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Linh Nham Tran
- School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia; (T.L.N.T.); (A.F.M.); (A.S.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Ana F. Miranda
- School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia; (T.L.N.T.); (A.F.M.); (A.S.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, 5042 Adelaide, Australia; (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, 5042 Adelaide, Australia; (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrew S. Ball
- School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia; (T.L.N.T.); (A.F.M.); (A.S.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia; (T.L.N.T.); (A.F.M.); (A.S.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Aidyn Mouradov
- School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia; (T.L.N.T.); (A.F.M.); (A.S.B.); (B.A.)
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14
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Zhang A, Xie Y, He Y, Wang W, Sen B, Wang G. Bio-based squalene production by Aurantiochytrium sp. through optimization of culture conditions, and elucidation of the putative biosynthetic pathway genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121415. [PMID: 31078814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Newly-isolated thraustochytrid strains from coastal waters of China were characterized as bioresource of squalene and the culture condition for the top producer was systematically optimized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight squalene-producing isolates were closely related to genus Aurantiochytrium and one to genus Labyrinthula. The top producer, Aurantiochytrium sp. TWZ-97, produced squalene up to 188.6 mg/L at 28 °C in a 5-L bioreactor containing optimal medium (glucose: 40 g/L, monosodium glutamate: 3 g/L, yeast extract: 25 g/L, and NaCl: 6 g/L), which was 6-fold higher than that under unoptimized condition. Transcriptome analysis revealed for the first time the presence of seven key genes of mevalonate pathway for squalene biosynthesis in strain TWZ-97. Medium optimization yielded a 2.23-fold higher expression of the squalene synthase gene under optimal condition compared to unoptimized. This study provides a potential thraustochytrid strain TWZ-97 as bioresource of squalene and uncovers novel information about its squalene biosynthesis pathway for future strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Zhang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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15
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Wang Q, Ye H, Xie Y, He Y, Sen B, Wang G. Culturable Diversity and Lipid Production Profile of Labyrinthulomycete Protists Isolated from Coastal Mangrove Habitats of China. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050268. [PMID: 31064054 PMCID: PMC6562557 DOI: 10.3390/md17050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Labyrinthulomycete protists have gained significant attention in the recent past for their biotechnological importance. Yet, their lipid profiles are poorly described because only a few large-scale isolation attempts have been made so far. Here, we isolated more than 200 strains from mangrove habitats of China and characterized the molecular phylogeny and lipid accumulation potential of 71 strains. These strains were the closest relatives of six genera namely Aurantiochytrium, Botryochytrium, Parietichytrium, Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, and Labyrinthula. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production of the top 15 strains ranged from 0.23 g/L to 1.14 g/L. Two labyrinthulid strains, GXBH-107 and GXBH-215, exhibited unprecedented high DHA production potential with content >10% of biomass. Among all strains, ZJWZ-7, identified as an Aurantiochytrium strain, exhibited the highest DHA production. Further optimization of culture conditions for strain ZJWZ-7 showed improved lipid production (1.66 g/L DHA and 1.68 g/L saturated fatty acids (SFAs)) with glycerol-malic-acid, peptone-yeast-extract, initial pH 7, 28 °C, and rotation rate 150 rpm. Besides, nitrogen source, initial pH, temperature, and rotation rate had significant effects on the cell biomass, DHA, and SFAs production. This study provides the identification and characterization of nearly six dozen thraustochytrids and labyrinthulids with high potential for lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China.
| | - Huike Ye
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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16
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Genomics, Biology and Phylogeny Aurantiochytrium acetophilum sp. nov. (Thraustrochytriaceae), Including First Evidence of Sexual Reproduction. Protist 2019; 170:209-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Liang Y, Liu Y, Tang J, Ma J, Cheng JJ, Daroch M. Transcriptomic Profiling and Gene Disruption Revealed that Two Genes Related to PUFAs/DHA Biosynthesis May be Essential for Cell Growth of Aurantiochytrium sp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090310. [PMID: 30200435 PMCID: PMC6164183 DOI: 10.3390/md16090310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 is a thraustochytrid strain that was found to exhibit high potential for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) production. In this work, the transcriptome of Aurantiochytrium sp. PKU#SW7 was analyzed for the study of genes involved in basic metabolic functions and especially in the mechanisms of DHA biosynthesis. Sequence annotation and functional analysis revealed that the strain contains components of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways. Fatty acid desaturases and elongases were identified as components of FAS pathway, whilst key components of PKS pathway were also found in the cDNA library. The relative contribution of the two pathways to the synthesis of DHA was unknown, as both pathways appeared to be lacking full complement of genes for standalone synthesis of DHA. Further analysis of two putative genes encoding the very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase and dehydrase/isomerase involved in FAS and PKS pathways, respectively, revealed that under various salinity conditions, their relative expression levels changed corresponding to the variation of DHA content in Aurantiochytrium sp. Independent knock outs of these genes in Aurantiochytrium sp. resulted in poor cell growth, probably due to little or no intracellular DHA accumulation. Hence, it can be speculated that both genes are engaged in DHA biosynthesis and DHA in Aurantiochytrium sp. could be produced by jointed actions of both FAS and PKS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jiong Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jay J Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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18
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Wang Q, Sen B, Liu X, He Y, Xie Y, Wang G. Enhanced saturated fatty acids accumulation in cultures of newly-isolated strains of Schizochytrium sp. and Thraustochytriidae sp. for large-scale biodiesel production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:994-1004. [PMID: 29728009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic marine protists (Thraustochytrids) have received increasingly global attention as a renewable, sustainable and alternative source of biodiesel because of their high ability of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) accumulation. Yet, the influence of extrinsic factors (nutrients and environmental conditions) on thraustochytrid culture and optimal conditions for high SFAs production are poorly described. In the present study, two different thraustochytrid strains, Schizochytrium sp. PKU#Mn4 and Thraustochytriidae sp. PKU#Mn16 were studied for their growth and SFAs production profiles under various conditions (carbon, nitrogen, temperature, pH, KH2PO4, salinity, and agitation speed). Of the culture conditions, substrates (C and N) source and conc., temperature, and agitation speed significantly influenced the cell growth and SFAs production of both strains. Although both the strains were capable of growth and SFAs production in the broad range of culture conditions, their physiological responses to KH2PO4, pH, and salinity were dissimilar. Under their optimal batch culture conditions, peak SFAs productions of 3.3g/L and 2.2g/L with 62% and 49% SFAs contents (relative to total fatty acids) were achieved, respectively. The results of 5-L fed-batch fermentation under optimal conditions showed a nearly 4.5-fold increase in SFAs production (i.e., 7.5g/L) by both strains compared to unoptimized conditions. Of the two strains, the quality of biodiesel produced from the fatty acids of PKU#Mn4 met the biodiesel standard defined by ASTM6751. This study, to the knowledge of the authors, is the first comprehensive report of optimal fermentation conditions demonstrating enhanced SFAs production by strains belonging to two different thraustochytrid genera and provides the basis for large-scale biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State key Laboratory of Systems Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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19
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Sequencing, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of the Complete Genome of a New Thraustochytrid Species, Strain CCAP_4062/3. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/11/e01335-17. [PMID: 29545303 PMCID: PMC5854782 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01335-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are ecologically and biotechnologically relevant marine species. We report here the de novo assembly and annotation of the whole-genome sequence of a new thraustochytrid strain, CCAP_4062/3. The genome size was estimated at 38.7 Mb with 11,853 predicted coding sequences, and the GC content was scored at 57%.
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20
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Xie Y, Sen B, Wang G. Mining terpenoids production and biosynthetic pathway in thraustochytrids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1269-1280. [PMID: 28549813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are major bioactive compounds produced by microalgae and other eukaryotic microorganisms. Mining metabolic potential of marine microalgae for commercial production of terpenoids suggest thraustochytrids as one of the promising cell factories. The identification of potential thraustochytrid strains and relevant laboratory scale bioprocesses has been pursued largely. Further investigations in the improvement of terpenoids biosynthesis expect relevant molecular mechanisms to be understood directing metabolic engineering of the pathways. In this review, fermentative and mechanistic studies to identify key enzymes and pathways that are associated to terpenoids biosynthesis in thraustochytrids are discussed. Exploration of biosynthesis mechanisms in other model organisms facilitated identification of potential molecular targets for engineering terpenoids biosynthetic pathway in thraustochytrids. In addition, the preliminary genetic manipulation and in silico analysis in this review provides a platform for system-level metabolic engineering towards thraustochytrid strains improvement. Overall, the review contributes comprehensive information to allow better terpenoids productivity in thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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21
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Fossier Marchan L, Lee Chang KJ, Nichols PD, Mitchell WJ, Polglase JL, Gutierrez T. Taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological applications of thraustochytrids: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:26-46. [PMID: 28911809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids were first discovered in 1934, and since the 1960's they have been increasingly studied for their beneficial and deleterious effects. This review aims to provide an enhanced understanding of these protists with a particular emphasis on their taxonomy, ecology and biotechnology applications. Over the years, thraustochytrid taxonomy has improved with the development of modern molecular techniques and new biochemical markers, resulting in the isolation and description of new strains. In the present work, the taxonomic history of thraustochytrids is reviewed, while providing an up-to-date classification of these organisms. It also describes the various biomarkers that may be taken into consideration to support taxonomic characterization of the thraustochytrids, together with a review of traditional and modern techniques for their isolation and molecular identification. The originality of this review lies in linking taxonomy and ecology of the thraustochytrids and their biotechnological applications as producers of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids, exopolysaccharides and other compounds of interest. The paper provides a summary of these aspects while also highlighting some of the most important recent studies in this field, which include the diversity of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in thraustochytrids, some novel strategies for biomass production and recovery of compounds of interest. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the direct and current applications of thraustochytrid-derived compounds in the food, fuel, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries and of some of the commercial products available. This review is intended to be a source of information and references on the thraustochytrids for both experts and those who are new to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Fossier Marchan
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Kim J Lee Chang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Peter D Nichols
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Wilfrid J Mitchell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Jane L Polglase
- Jane L Polglase Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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22
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Puri M. Algal biotechnology for pursuing omega-3 fatty acid (bioactive) production. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ma17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are spread in diversified ecosystems that include marine, freshwater, desert and hot springs and even snow and ice environments. Algae are classified as multicellular large sea weeds (macroalgae) or unicellular microalgae. Macroalgae are targeted for mining of natural biologically active components, which include proteins, linear peptides, cyclic peptides, and amino acids1. Recently, microalgae have been exploited for the production of high-value compounds such as lipids (omega-3 fatty acids), enzymes, polymers, toxins, antioxidants, and pigments (carotenoids)2. Thus, algal biotechnology is defined as ‘the technology developed using algae (macro or micro) to make or modify bioactive compounds, or products (nutritional supplements, fine chemicals) and renewable fuels for specific use’.
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23
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Finco AMDO, Mamani LDG, Carvalho JCD, de Melo Pereira GV, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. Technological trends and market perspectives for production of microbial oils rich in omega-3. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:656-671. [PMID: 27653190 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1213221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, foods that contain omega-3 lipids have emerged as important promoters of human health. These lipids are essential for the functional development of the brain and retina, and reduction of the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. The global market for omega-3 production, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), saw a large expansion in the last decade due to the increasing use of this lipid as an important component of infant food formulae and supplements. The production of omega-3 lipids from fish and vegetable oil sources has some drawbacks, such as complex purification procedures, unwanted contamination by marine pollutants, reduction or even extinction of several species of fish, and aspects related to sustainability. A promising alternative system for the production of omega-3 lipids is from microbial metabolism of yeast, fungi, or microalgae. The aim of this review is to discuss the various omega-3 sources in the context of the global demand and market potential for these bioactive compounds. To summarize, it is clear that fish and vegetable oil sources will not be sufficient to meet the future needs of the world population. The biotechnological production of single-cell oil comes as a sustainable alternative capable of supplementing the global demand for omega-3, causing less environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria de Oliveira Finco
- a Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta Mamani
- a Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho
- a Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | | | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- a Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- a Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
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24
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Gupta A, Singh D, Byreddy AR, Thyagarajan T, Sonkar SP, Mathur AS, Tuli DK, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Exploring omega-3 fatty acids, enzymes and biodiesel producing thraustochytrids from Australian and Indian marine biodiversity. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:345-55. [PMID: 26580151 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment harbours a vast diversity of microorganisms, many of which are unique, and have potential to produce commercially useful materials. Therefore, marine biodiversity from Australian and Indian habitat has been explored to produce novel bioactives, and enzymes. Among these, thraustochytrids collected from Indian habitats were shown to be rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), together constituting 51-76% of total fatty acids (TFA). Indian and Australian thraustochytrids occupy separate positions in the dendrogram, showing significant differences exist in the fatty acid profiles in these two sets of thraustochytrid strains. In general, Australian strains had a higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content than Indian strains with DHA at 17-31% of TFA. A range of enzyme activities were observed in the strains, with Australian strains showing overall higher levels of enzyme activity, with the exception of one Indian strain (DBTIOC-1). Comparative analysis of the fatty acid profile of 34 strains revealed that Indian thraustochytrids are more suitable for biodiesel production since these strains have higher fatty acids content for biodiesel (FAB, 76%) production than Australian thraustochytrids, while the Australian strains are more suitable for omega-3 (40%) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dilip Singh
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, IndianߚOil Corporation Limited, Faridabad, India
| | - Avinesh R Byreddy
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamilselvi Thyagarajan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shailendra P Sonkar
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, IndianߚOil Corporation Limited, Faridabad, India
| | - Deepak K Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, IndianߚOil Corporation Limited, Faridabad, India
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (CCB), School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Singh D, Gupta A, Wilkens SL, Mathur AS, Tuli DK, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Understanding response surface optimisation to the modeling of Astaxanthin extraction from a novel strain Thraustochytrium sp. S7. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Utilization of High-Fructose Corn Syrup for Biomass Production Containing High Levels of Docosahexaenoic Acid by a Newly Isolated Aurantiochytrium sp. YLH70. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1229-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Gupta A, Abraham RE, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Omega-3 fatty acid production from enzyme saccharified hemp hydrolysate using a novel marine thraustochytrid strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:373-378. [PMID: 25497057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a newly isolated marine thraustochytrid strain, Schizochytrium sp. DT3, was used for omega-3 fatty acid production by growing on lignocellulose biomass obtained from local hemp hurd (Cannabis sativa) biomass. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, hemp was pretreated with sodium hydroxide to open the biomass structure for the production of sugar hydrolysate. The thraustochytrid strain was able to grow on the sugar hydrolysate and accumulated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). At the lowest carbon concentration of 2%, the PUFAs productivity was 71% in glucose and 59% in the sugars hydrolysate, as a percentage of total fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels were highest at about 49% of TFA using 6% glucose as the carbon source. SFAs of 41% were produced using 2% of SH. This study demonstrates that SH produced from lignocellulose biomass is a potentially useful carbon source for the production of omega-3 fatty acids in thraustochytrids, as demonstrated using the new strain, Schizochytrium sp. DT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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Vongsvivut J, Heraud P, Gupta A, Thyagarajan T, Puri M, McNaughton D, Barrow CJ. Synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy enables the distinction of lipid accumulation in thraustochytrid strains through analysis of individual live cells. Protist 2014; 166:106-21. [PMID: 25594491 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The superior characteristics of high photon flux and diffraction-limited spatial resolution achieved by synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy allowed molecular characterization of individual live thraustochytrids. Principal component analysis revealed distinct separation of the single live cell spectra into their corresponding strains, comprised of new Australasian thraustochytrids (AMCQS5-5 and S7) and standard cultures (AH-2 and S31). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA) indicated close similarities between S7 and AH-7 strains, with AMCQS5-5 being distinctly different. UHCA correlation conformed well to the fatty acid profiles, indicating the type of fatty acids as a critical factor in chemotaxonomic discrimination of these thraustochytrids and also revealing the distinctively high polyunsaturated fatty acid content as key identity of AMCQS5-5. Partial least squares discriminant analysis using cross-validation approach between two replicate datasets was demonstrated to be a powerful classification method leading to models of high robustness and 100% predictive accuracy for strain identification. The results emphasized the exceptional S-FTIR capability to perform real-time in vivo measurement of single live cells directly within their original medium, providing unique information on cell variability among the population of each isolate and evidence of spontaneous lipid peroxidation that could lead to deeper understanding of lipid production and oxidation in thraustochytrids for single-cell oil development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (CCB), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Philip Heraud
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (CCB), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tamilselvi Thyagarajan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (CCB), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (CCB), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Don McNaughton
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology (CCB), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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