1
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Gao L, Cui H, Guo X, Dong Q, You X, Guo X, Qin S, Jia L. Enantioseparation by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-silica hybrid monolithic column with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral additive in capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:315. [PMID: 37474749 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8-silica hybrid monolithic column was prepared by one-step sol-gel method. The stationary phase in the monolithic column was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and zeta potential. The results showed that ZIF-8-silica hybrid monolithic materials had abundant functional groups, good crystallinity, large specific surface area, and good thermal stability. A capillary electrochromatography (CEC) chiral separation system was for the first time constructed with ZIF-8-silica hybrid monolithic column and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as a chiral additive and was applied to separate the selected single and mixed chiral compounds (13 natural amino acids and 5 chiral pesticides). Under the optimized CEC conditions, all the single analytes achieved baseline separation with resolution of 2.14-5.94 and selectivity factor of 1.06-1.49 in less than 6 min, and the mixed amino acids with similar properties were also simultaneously enantioseparated (Rs ≥ 1.82). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of migration time and column efficiency were lower than 4.26% and did not change significantly after 200 runs, evidencing excellent reproducibility and stability. These results demonstrate that the application of SBE-β-CD as a chiral additive for ZIF-8-silica hybrid monolithic columns is a promising method for the separation of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Hongshou Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Qing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xingyu You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xinshu Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150038, China
| | - Shili Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Lihua Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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2
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Peluso P, Landy D, Nakhle L, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Krait S, Salgado A, Chankvetadze B, Scriba GK. Isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular modeling study of the complex formation of daclatasvir by γ-cyclodextrin and trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120870. [PMID: 37182961 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The complex formation between daclatasvir and γ-CD or heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD (TM-β-CD) was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular modeling. Both techniques supported the predominant formation of a 2:1 complex in case of γ-CD although a 1:1 complex may be formed to a much lower extent as well. In case of TM-β-CD the stoichiometry of the complex was exclusively 1:1. Complex formation with γ-CD did not require dissociation of the daclatasvir dimer, which is present in solution, and resulted in a complex with a binding constant of 1.67·107 M-2. In contrast, formation of the weak TM-β-CD complex (K = 371 M-1) required dissociation of the daclatasvir dimer. This is in line with the observation that the complex formation in case of γ-CD is enthalpy-driven, while the process is entropy-driven in case of TM-β-CD. It is concluded that the plateau observed in capillary electrophoresis is primarily based on the slow dissociation of the daclatasvir-CD complexes caused by steric constrains due to the folded terminal amino acid moieties of daclatasvir exerting a clip effect. In case γ-CD the thermodynamic stability might contribute to the overall slow dissociation.
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3
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Cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis: Recent trends in mechanistic studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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4
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Modroiu A, Krait S, Hancu G, Scriba GKE. Quality by design-guided development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the chiral purity determination of silodosin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115117. [PMID: 36306637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silodosin is a single isomer selective α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to control the enantiomeric purity of the drug a capillary electrophoresis method was developed that is applicable to the analysis of drug substance as well as pharmaceutical formulations. Method development followed a quality by design strategy. After selection of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as suitable chiral selector and the starting conditions in the scouting phase, a two-level full factorial design was applied to identify the critical process parameters. The final method optimization was performed using a face-centered central composite design resulting in the conditions 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 2.9, containing 40 mg/mL car-boxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, a capillary temperature of 17 °C and an applied voltage of 28 kV. Robustness testing employing a Plackett-Burman design revealed the importance of careful pH adjustment in order to achieve suitable peak shape and resolution. The method was validated according to the guideline Q2(R1) of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and applied to the analysis of a commercial capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modroiu
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany; George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Sulaiman Krait
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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5
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Aksamija A, Tomao V, Dangles O, Plasson R. Encapsulation of phenolic acids into cyclodextrins: A global statistical analysis of the effects of pH, temperature and concentrations on binding constants measured by ACE methods. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2290-2301. [PMID: 35689604 PMCID: PMC10083966 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Affinity capillary electrophoresis was used for the simultaneous measurement of the pKa values and of the binding constants relative to the encapsulation of naturally occurring phenolic acids (rosmarinic and caffeic acids) with cyclodextrins. A thorough study as a function of pH and temperature was coupled to a detailed statistical analysis of the resulting experimental data. A step-by-step curve fitting process was sufficient for obtaining individual binding constant for each experimental condition, but the influence of temperature remained unclear. A quantitative and qualitative gain was then obtained by supplementing this initial analysis with global multiparameter optimization. This leads to the estimation of both entropy and enthalpy of reaction and to the full description of the binding reactions as a function of pH and temperature. The encapsulation was shown to be very sensitive to pH and temperature, with optimal complexation occurring at low pH and low temperature, gaining up to a factor of 3 by cooling from 36 to 15°C, and up to a factor of 10 by lowering the pH from 7 to 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Aksamija
- Department of Chemistry, Avignon University, CNRS, UMR5247 CBSA/IBMM, Avignon, France
| | - Valérie Tomao
- Department of Chemistry, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Avignon, France
| | - Olivier Dangles
- Department of Chemistry, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Avignon, France
| | - Raphaël Plasson
- Department of Chemistry, Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Avignon, France
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6
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Construction of cellulose-based highly sensitive extended-gate field effect chiral sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022:10.1007/s00216-022-04306-x. [PMID: 36102972 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Chiral recognition is an emerging field of modern chemical analysis, and the development of health-related fields depends on the production of enantiomers. Cellulose is a kind of natural polymer material with certain chiral recognition ability. Limited by the chiral recognition ability of natural cellulose itself, more cellulose derivatives have been gradually developed for chiral recognition and separation. Based on the difference in action between cellulose derivatives and enantiomers, this work synthesized cellulose-tris(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (CMPC) chiral recognition mediators and a CMPC-functionalized extended-gate organic field effect transistor (EG-OFET) was constructed for the first time. Three chiral molecules were selected as model analytes to evaluate the enantiomeric recognition ability of the platform, including threonine (Thr), 2-chloromandelic acid (CA), and 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEA). The detection limit for 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEA) is down to 10-13 M. Through the amplification effect of the EG-OFET platform, the difference in the interaction between CMPC and three chiral molecules with different structures is converted into a current signal output. At the same time, the enantiomer discrimination mechanism of CMPC was further studied by means of spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance.
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7
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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8
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Gu L, Guan J, Huang Z, Huo H, Shi S, Zhang D, Yan F. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework supported by polydopamine as stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1446-1454. [PMID: 35353923 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column was prepared using β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework (β-CD COF) as a stationary phase. Polydopamine was used to assist fabrication of β-CD COF on an inner wall of a fused-silica capillary. The coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was also studied to evaluate the variation of the inner wall of immobilized columns. Furthermore, the chiral separation effectiveness of the fabricated capillary column was evaluated by CEC using enantiomers of several related proton pump inhibitors as model analytes, including omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and tenatoprazole. The effects of bonding time and concentration of β-CD COF, the type, concentration and pH of buffer, applied voltage were investigated to obtain satisfactory enantioselectivity. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of four analytes were resolved within 15 min with resolutions of 1.63-2.62. The relative standard deviation values for migration times and resolutions of the analytes representing intraday and interday were less than 6.75% and 4.24%, respectively. The results reveal that β-CD COF has great potential as chiral-stationary phases for enantioseparation in CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
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9
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Improvement of chemo- and stereoselectivity for phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in capillary electrophoresis by addition of cyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463270. [PMID: 35763948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS) modification is one of the most widely used oligonucleotide chemical alterations in the oligonucleotide backbone. It has proven to be crucial in the field of therapeutic oligonucleotides regarding the optimization of their physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with an acidic background electrolyte (BGE) containing a combination of β- and γ-cyclodextrins derivatives as chiral selectors is proposed for the diastereomeric separation of 5-mer oligonucleotides containing 0, 1, 2, or 3 phosphorothioate linkages (5´-TCGTG-3´). The effects of the BGE pH, organic modifier addition, and type of cyclodextrin (CD) on chemo- and stereoselectivity and resolution were studied. A mixture of 25 mM (2-hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino)propyl-γ-CD and 10 mM carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin in a pH 3 buffer was found to be the most appropriate system for the qualitative evaluation of the short oligonucleotides investigated. These phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were separated with high efficiency in less than 11 min with no capillary treatment. The suggested approach can be the basis for purity testing of this new generation of therapeutics.
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10
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Konjaria ML, Kakava R, Volonterio A, Chankvetadze B, Scriba GK. Enantioseparation of chiral (benzylsulfinyl)benzamide sulfoxides by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Wang C, Chen C, Ma M, Feng Z, Du Y. In‐situ grown metal organic framework synergistic system for the enantioseparation of three drugs in open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2708-2716. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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12
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β-Cyclodextrin-based chiral nanocomposite for thin-layer chromatographic detection of enantiomers of fluoxetine. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Kumar A, Malik AK, Singh B. Recent advances in the analysis of plant alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar
- Government Post‐Graduate College Department of Chemistry Una Himachal Pradesh India
| | | | - Baljinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology Panjab University Chandigarh India
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14
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Complexation of daclatasvir by single isomer methylated β-cyclodextrins studied by capillary electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118486. [PMID: 34560933 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In capillary electrophoresis an enantioseparation of daclatasvir (DCV) was observed in case of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD, heptakis(2-O-methyl)-β-CD and β-CD, while two peaks with a plateau were noted for heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl)-β-CD indicating a slow equilibrium. Heptakis(6-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(3-O-methyl)-β-CD yielded broad peaks. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments including nuclear Overhauser effect-based techniques revealed inclusion complex formation for all CDs with the biphenyl ring of DCV within the cavity and the valine-pyrrolidine moieties protruding from the torus. However, in case of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD, heptakis(2-O-methyl)-β-CD and β-CD higher order structures with 1:3 stoichiometry were concluded, where the valine moieties enter additional CD molecules via the secondary side. Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD and heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl)-β-CD yielded primarily 1:1 complexes. Higher order complexes between DCV and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD were corroborated by mass spectrometry. Complex stoichiometry was not the reason for the slow equilibrium yielding the plateau observed in capillary electrophoresis, but structural characteristics of the CDs especially complete methylation of the secondary rim.
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15
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Krait S, Salgado A, Malanga M, Sohajda T, Benkovics G, Szakály PS, Chankvetadze B, Scriba GKE. Structural characterization of methyl-β-cyclodextrins by high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and effect of their isomeric composition on the capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of daclatasvir. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462675. [PMID: 34890854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The separation of daclatasvir and its R,R,R,R-enantiomer was studied by capillary electrophoresis using various randomly methylated β-CDs and the single isomer heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD (2,6-DM-β-CD) as chiral selectors in an acidic background electrolyte. Opposite enantiomer migration order was observed for randomly substituted CDs compared to 2,6-DM-β-CD as well as methylated β-CDs with different composition according to the specifications of the manufacturers. HPLC and NMR analyses confirmed that the presence of a high 2,6-DM-β-CD content in the CDs enables to achieve the migration order R,R,R,R-enantiomer > daclatasvir. In contrast, products with low 2,6-DM-β-CD isomer content and/or the presence of a large amount of methylated CD isomers, in which d-glucopyranose moieties are not substituted in either position 2 or 6, displayed the opposite enantiomer migration order daclatasvir > R,R,R,R-enantiomer. The study indicated the importance of the type and composition of derivatized CDs on chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis as well as the importance of proper quality control for cyclodextrin manufacturers. Moreover, the observed migration order could be rationalized based on the composition and substitution pattern of the CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Antonio Salgado
- NMR Spectroscopy Center (CERMN), CAI Químicas, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany.
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16
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Nguyen NVT, Nguyen KNH, Nguyen KT, Kim KH, Aboul-Enein HY. The impact of chirality on the analysis of alkaloids in plant. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the alkaloids are chiral compounds and are clinically administered as the racemic mixture, even though its enantiomers have been known to exert different pharmacological activity. The determination of the enantiomeric composition of alkaloid-containing plants is subject to severe attention from pharmacological and toxicological points of view. This review gives an overview of the chiral analysis of alkaloids that were used in theoretical studies and applications for plants in recent years.
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17
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Lachowicz M, Stańczak A, Kołodziejczyk M. Characteristic of Cyclodextrins: Their Role and Use in the Pharmaceutical Technology. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1495-1510. [PMID: 32538725 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200615150039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
About 40% of newly-discovered entities are poorly soluble in water, and this may be an obstacle in the creation of new drugs. To address this problem, the present review article examines the structure and properties of cyclodextrins and the formation and potential uses of drug - cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides containing six or more D-(+)- glucopyranose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are characterized by a favourable toxicological profile, low local toxicity and low mucous and eye irritability; they are virtually non-toxic when administered orally. They can be incorporated in the formulation of new drugs in their natural form (α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin) or as chemically-modified derivatives. They may also be used as an excipient in drugs delivered by oral, ocular, dermal, nasal and rectal routes, as described in the present paper. Cyclodextrins are promising compounds with many beneficial properties, and their use may be increasingly profitable for pharmaceutical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Lachowicz
- Department of Technology of Drug Form, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stańczak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Technology of Drug Form, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Zhao Y, Si H, Zhao X, Li H, Ren J, Li S, Wang Q, Zhang J. Fabrication of an allyl-β-cyclodextrin based monolithic column with triallyl isocyanurate as co-crosslinker and its application in separation of lipopeptide antibiotics by HPLC. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Mendes TDC, Pinto EC, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Rotigotine: A Review of Analytical Methods for the Raw Material, Pharmaceutical Formulations, and Its Impurities. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:592-604. [PMID: 33276374 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotigotine is a dopaminergic agonist developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. The pure levorotatory enantiomer is marketed in several countries as a transdermal patch. Reports of oxidation and instability in a previous formulation indicate the need to evaluate impurities in both the raw material and pharmaceutical dosage forms of rotigotine to ensure product quality. OBJECTIVE This review examines the main analytical methods for analyzing rotigotine in raw material and its transdermal patches with the aim of assisting the development of new pharmaceutical formulations and stability studies. METHODS Analytical methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography for rotigotine from pharmacopoeias and literature were evaluated. A comparison was made between the methods found in the literature and official rotigotine monographs described by the United States, European, and British Pharmacopoeias, including a discussion of their acceptance limits for impurities related to the drug. The different impurities from the synthesis processes and degradation studies of rotigotine were also evaluated, as well as the main articles that describe methods for assessing their chiral purity. RESULTS Qualified and unofficial official impurities found in forced degradation studies were verified. The methods presented show adequate specificity and selectivity in determining the drug in the presence of its impurities. CONCLUSIONS The approached methods are promising, but more detailed studies on the stability of rotigotine are still lacking, mainly in the pharmacokinetic and toxicological characterization of its impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara de Carvalho Mendes
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Native and substituted cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations: Structures, features, application, and molecular modeling. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1676-1708. [PMID: 33956995 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of α-d-glucopyranosyl units linked through 1,4-linkages, which are obtained from enzymatic degradation of starch. The coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same structure makes these macrocycles extremely versatile as complexing host with application in food, cosmetics, environmental, agriculture, textile, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Due to their inherent chirality, CDs have been also successfully used as chiral selectors in enantioseparation science, in particular, for CE enantioseparations. In the last decades, multidisciplinary approaches based on CE, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, microcalorimetry, and molecular modeling have shed light on some aspects of recognition mechanisms underlying enantiodiscrimination. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a useful tool to model at molecular level the dynamics of diastereomeric associate formation to sample low-energy conformations, the binding energies between the enantiomer and the CD, and to profile noncovalent interactions contributing to the stability of CD/enantiomer association. On this basis, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with a critical overview on the applications of CDs in CE. In particular, the contemporary theory of the electrophoretic technique and the main structural features of CDs are described, with a specific focus on techniques, methods, and approaches to model CE enantioseparations promoted by native and substituted CDs. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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21
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Deng M, Xue M, Liu Y, Zhao M. Preparation of a novel hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin functionalized monolith for separation of chiral drugs in capillary electrochromatography. Chirality 2021; 33:188-195. [PMID: 33604997 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) functionalized monolithic capillary column was prepared by one-pot sequential strategy and used for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography for the first time. In one pot, GMA-HP-γ-CD as functional monomer was allowed to be formed via the ring opening reaction between HP-γ-CD and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) catalyzed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and then copolymerized directly with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the presence of porogenic solvents via thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The preparation conditions of monoliths were optimized. Enantiomer separations of six chiral drugs including pindolol, clorprenaline, tulobuterol, clenbuterol, propranolol, and tropicamide were achieved on the monolith. Among them, pindolol, clorprenaline, and tropicamide were baseline separated with resolution values of 1.62, 1.73, and 1.55, respectively. The mechanism of enantiomer separation was discussed by comparison of the HP-γ-CD and HP-β-CD functionalized monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoduo Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Grodner B, Napiórkowska M. Dual 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Hydroxyphenyl) Porphyrin System as a Novel Chiral-Achiral Selector Complex for Enantioseparation of Aminoalkanol Derivatives with Anticancer Activity in Capillary Electrophoresis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040993. [PMID: 33668491 PMCID: PMC7918572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a complex consisting of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin, (named dual chiral-achiral selector complex) was used for the determination of two novel potential anticancer agents of (I) and (II) aminoalkanol derivatives. This work aimed at developing an effective method that can be utilized for the determination of I (S), I (R), and II (S) and II (R) enantiomers of (I) and (II) compounds through the use of a dual chiral-achiral selector complex consisting of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin system by applying capillary electrophoresis. This combination proved to be beneficial in achieving high separation selectivity due to the combined effects of different modes of chiral discrimination. The enantiomers of (I) and (II) compounds were separated within a very short time of 3.6–7.2 min, in pH 2.5 phosphate buffer containing 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin system at a concentration of 5 and 10 mM, respectively, at 25 °C and +10 kV. The detection wavelength of the detector was set at 200 nm. The LOD for I (S), I (R), II (S), and II (R) was 65.2, 65.6, 65.1, and 65.7 ng/mL, respectively. LOQ for I (S), I (R), II (S), and II (R) was 216.5, 217.8, 217.1, and 218.1 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery was 94.9–99.9%. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on the values of the migration time, and the area under the peak was 0.3–2.9% RSD. The stability of the method was determined at 0.1–4.9% RSD. The developed method was used in the pilot studies for determining the enantiomers I (S), I (R), II (S), and II (R) in the blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mariola Napiórkowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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23
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Cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in open-tubular admicellar electrochromatography for achiral and chiral separations. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Main Applications of Cyclodextrins in the Food Industry as the Compounds of Choice to Form Host-Guest Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031339. [PMID: 33572788 PMCID: PMC7866268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers broadly used in food manufacturing as food additives for different purposes, e.g., to improve sensorial qualities, shelf life, and sequestration of components. In this review, the latest advancements of their applications along with the characteristics of the uses of the different CDs (α, β, γ and their derivatives) were reviewed. Their beneficial effects can be achieved by mixing small amounts of CDs with the target material to be stabilized. Essentially, they have the capacity to form stable inclusion complexes with sensitive lipophilic nutrients and constituents of flavor and taste. Their toxicity has been also studied, showing that CDs are innocuous in oral administration. A review of the current legislation was also carried out, showing a general trend towards a wider acceptance of CDs as food additives. Suitable and cost-effective procedures for the manufacture of CDs have progressed, and nowadays it is possible to obtain realistic prices and used them in foods. Therefore, CDs have a promising future due to consumer demand for healthy and functional products.
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25
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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26
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de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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27
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Negatively charged cyclodextrins: Synthesis and applications in chiral analysis-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117517. [PMID: 33483038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs) play an important role in chiral analysis due to the additional electrostatic effect beyond the host-guest inclusion, especially in enantioanalysis of positively charged and electrically neutral analytes. This review presents recent advances in application of anionic CDs for enantioanalysis during the past five years. Firstly, the synthesis approaches of random substitution and single isomers of anionic CDs are briefly discussed. The main part focuses on the chiral analysis using anionic CDs in various analytical techniques, including capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography, counter current chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. Particular attention is given to the capillary electrophoresis application since charged CDs could be used as a carrier of enantiomers by virtue of their self-mobility and offer an easy adjustment of the enantiomer migration order. Finally, future opportunities are also discussed in the conclusion of this review.
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28
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Lu N, Kutter JP. Recent advances in microchip enantioseparation and analysis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2122-2135. [PMID: 32949465 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments (over the past decade) in the field of microfluidics-based solutions for enantiomeric separation and detection. The progress in various formats of microchip electrodriven separations, such as MCE, microchip electrochromatography, and multidimensional separation techniques, is discussed. Innovations covering chiral stationary phases, surface coatings, and modification strategies to improve resolution, as well as integration with detection systems, are reported. Finally, combinations with other microfluidic functional units are also presented and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Krait S, Salgado A, Villani C, Naumann L, Neusüß C, Chankvetadze B, Scriba GK. Unusual complexation behavior between daclatasvir and γ-Cyclodextrin. A multiplatform study. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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31
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Upadhyay SS, Gadhari NS, Srivastava AK. Biomimetic sensor for ethambutol employing β-cyclodextrin mediated chiral copper metal organic framework and carbon nanofibers modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112397. [PMID: 32729518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical configuration of the drug is responsible for racemic switch with enantiomers in presence of chiral environment for human beings. Therefore, its determination in racemic and pharmaceutical samples becomes a challenge. Addressing this issue, an enantioselective electrochemical biomimetic sensor for discrimination of isomers of ethambutol (ETB) employing square wave voltammetry (SWV) is reported for the first time. For this purpose, a chiral host, β-Cyclodextrin based copper metal organic framework (CD-CuMOF) was synthesized and used for chelate complexation of ETB isomers (SS-ETB/RR-ETB). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is chemically modified using CD-CuMOF and carbon nanofibers (CNF) composite material to construct a sensor in the form of (CD-CuMOF-CNF-GCE). The behaviour of CD-CuMOF for ETB isomers on GCE is postulated to be an artificial enzyme model (AEM) as it mimics the catalytic activity similar to enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase for ETB. The biosensor exhibits excellent peak potential difference (ΔEp (SS-RR) = 108 mV) between ETB isomers using SWV showing a clear distinction in the racemic mixture. It showed a linear response in the range of 1.0 x 10-7 to 1 x 10-4 M and 5.0 x 10-7 to 2.5 x 10-4 M with low detection limit of 3.10 x 10-8 M and 8.52 x 10-8 M for RR-ETB and SS-ETB isomers respectively. The sensor was applied for the estimation of ETB isomers in racemic mixture and real samples viz., blood, urine and pharmaceutical. The CD-CuMOF is a low-cost material with higher stability than enzyme and offers an advantage for sensing and catalysis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Nayan S Gadhari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Ashwini K Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
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Abstract
Background::
Nano level chiral separation is necessary and demanding in the development
of the drug, genomic, proteomic, and other chemical and the environmental sciences. Few drugs exist
in human body cells for some days at nano level concentrations, that are out of the jurisdiction of the
detection by standard separation techniques. Likewise, the separation and identification of xenobiotics
and other environmental contaminants (at nano or low levels) are necessary for our healthiness.
Discussion:
Conclusion:
This article will be beneficial for chiral chromatographers, academicians, pharmaceutical
industries, environmental researchers and Government regulation authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arsh Basheer
- State University of New York, Flint Entrance, Amherst, NY 14260, Buffalo, United States
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara - 41477, Saudi Arabia
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Kravchenko A, Kolobova E, Kartsova L. Multifunction covalent coatings for separation of amino acids, biogenic amines, steroid hormones, and ketoprofen enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kravchenko
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kolobova
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
- The Federal State Institute of Public Health ‘The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine’The Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil DefenceEmergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters 54, Optikov st. St. Petersburg 197082 Russia
| | - Liudmila Kartsova
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
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Generalized model of the linear theory of electromigration and its application to electrokinetic chromatography: Capillary zone electrophoretic systems with complex-forming equilibria. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Ren S, Xue S, Sun X, Rui M, Wang L, Zhang Q. Investigation of the synergistic effect of chiral ionic liquids as additives in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Tang H, Yang K, Wang KY, Meng Q, Wu F, fang Y, Wu X, Li Y, Zhang W, Luo Y, Zhu C, Zhou HC. Engineering a homochiral metal–organic framework based on an amino acid for enantioselective separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9016-9019. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A homochiral metal–organic framework is constructed from an amino acid-derived ligand and it exhibits high enantioseparation capacities for alcohols, epoxides, and ibuprofen.
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37
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Quality by Design-Based Development of a Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Determination of Dextrodropropizine and 1-Phenylpiperazine as Impurities of Levodropropizine. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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38
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Scriba GK. Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part I: Polysaccharide and cyclodextrin selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part II: Macrocyclic glycopeptide, donor-acceptor, ion-exchange, ligand-exchange and micellar selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Ma X, Du Y, Sun X, Liu J, Huang Z. Synthesis and application of amino alcohol-derived chiral ionic liquids, as additives for enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Liu J, Du Y, Sun X, Feng Z, Ma X, Li J. Synthesis and application of amino triazolium-modified lactobionic acid as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Fanali S, Chankvetadze B. Some thoughts about enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2420-2437. [PMID: 31081552 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this overview the goal of the authors was to analyze from the historical perspective the reasons of success and failure of chiral capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the current trends are analyzed, unique advantages of capillary electrophoresis are highlighted and some future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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43
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Gogoi A, Mazumder N, Konwer S, Ranawat H, Chen NT, Zhuo GY. Enantiomeric Recognition and Separation by Chiral Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:E1007. [PMID: 30871182 PMCID: PMC6470864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules are stereoselective with regard to specific biological functions. Enantiomers differ considerably in their physiological reactions with the human body. Safeguarding the quality and safety of drugs requires an efficient analytical platform by which to selectively probe chiral compounds to ensure the extraction of single enantiomers. Asymmetric synthesis is a mature approach to the production of single enantiomers; however, it is poorly suited to mass production and allows for only specific enantioselective reactions. Furthermore, it is too expensive and time-consuming for the evaluation of therapeutic drugs in the early stages of development. These limitations have prompted the development of surface-modified nanoparticles using amino acids, chiral organic ligands, or functional groups as chiral selectors applicable to a racemic mixture of chiral molecules. The fact that these combinations can be optimized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and enantioselectivity makes them ideal for enantiomeric recognition and separation. In chiral resolution, molecules bond selectively to particle surfaces according to homochiral interactions, whereupon an enantiopure compound is extracted from the solution through a simple filtration process. In this review article, we discuss the fabrication of chiral nanoparticles and look at the ways their distinctive surface properties have been adopted in enantiomeric recognition and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gogoi
- Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Surajit Konwer
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India.
| | - Harsh Ranawat
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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44
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Dascalu AE, Ghinet A, Billamboz M, Lipka E. Separations of antifungal compounds in capillary electrophoresis with two anionic cyclodextrins. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1986-1991. [PMID: 30847936 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD-CZE methods were developed for complete stereoisomeric separations of a series of six γ-lactam analogues, of which some were neutral, or cationic depending on the background electrolyte nature. The tested cyclodextrin was the versatile sulfobutylether- β-CD, used either in a phosphate buffer using capillaries dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide or in a borate buffer using uncoated capillaries. Long-end and short-end modes and concentration variations of chiral selectors allowed finding conditions of complete separation of four out of the six derivatives (i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4) in short run times, confirming their broad range of applications. To separate the two last compounds, the highly sulfated- γ-CD was examined as chiral selector in acidic phosphate conditions. The enantiomers of the γ-lactam analogues 5 and 6 were baseline resolved with 5.5 and 4%, respectively as concentration in the buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Elena Dascalu
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.,Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Lille, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France.,'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.,Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Lille, France.,'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.,Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France
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45
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Zhou L, Lun J, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Di X, Guo X. In situ immobilization of sulfated-β-cyclodextrin as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. Talanta 2019; 200:1-8. [PMID: 31036161 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) coated stationary phase was prepared for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The capillary was developed by attaching polydopamine/sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (PDA/S-β-CD) onto the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated capillary which was pretreated with polydopamine. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that polydopamine/sulfated-β-cyclodextrin was successfully fixed on the gold nanoparticles coated capillary. To evaluate the performance of the prepared open tubular (OT) column, the enantioseparation was carried out by using ten chiral drugs as model analytes. Under the optimal conditions, salbutamol, terbutaline, trantinterol, tulobuterol, clorprenaline, pheniramine, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, isoprenaline and tolterodine were baseline separated with the resolution (Rs) values of 3.25, 1.76, 2.51, 1.89, 3.17, 2.17, 1.99, 1.72, 2.01 and 3.20, respectively. Repeatability of the column was studied, with the relative standard deviations for run-to-run, day-to-day and column-to-column lower than 5.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jia Lun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yanru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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46
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Fu H, Qian C, Tong W, Li H, Chen DD. Mass spectrometry and affinity capillary electrophoresis for characterization of host-guest interactions. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Sun X, Liu K, Du Y, Liu J, Ma X. Investigation of the enantioselectivity of tetramethylammonium-lactobionate chiral ionic liquid based dual selector systems toward basic drugs in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1921-1930. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
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48
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Harnisch H, Ilisz I, Fülöp F, Szakonyi Z, Kiss L, Péter A, Scriba GKE. Cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of dansylated β-amino acids with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane and cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazole core structures. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Harnisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
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49
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Abstract
Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules plays an important role in nature as the basis of the interaction of chiral bioactive compounds with the chiral target structures. In separation sciences such as chromatographic and capillary electromigration techniques, interactions between chiral analytes and chiral selectors, i.e., the formation of transient diastereomeric complexes in thermodynamic equilibria, are the basis for chiral separations. Due to the large structural variety of chiral selectors, different structural features contribute to the overall chiral recognition process. This introductory chapter briefly summarizes the present understanding of the structural enantioselective recognition processes for various types of chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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50
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Wang L, Hou X, Zhang F, Liu Y, Ren Y, Yan H. Chiral Separation by NACE Using Polyol Derivative-Boric Acid Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:383-389. [PMID: 31069747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) is an effective method for chiral separation. Many polyol derivatives (e.g., D-(+)-xylose, lactobionic acid, diacetone-D-mannitol, L-sorbose, and D-gluconic acid δ-lactone) can react with boric acid in methanol to produce polyol derivative-boric acid complexes which can be utilized as chiral selectors of enantioseparations. The enantiomers of more than a dozen basic analytes can be resolved under the optimized NACE using these chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Xu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yimeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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