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Yan M, Li T. A Review of the Interactive Effects of Climate and Air Pollution on Human Health in China. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:102-108. [PMID: 38351403 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Through a systematic search of peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies, we reviewed the literature on the human health impacts of climate and ambient air pollution, focusing on recently published studies in China. Selected previous literature is discussed where relevant in tracing the origins. RECENT FINDINGS Climate variables and air pollution have a complex interplay in affecting human health. The bulk of the literature we reviewed focuses on the air pollutants ozone and fine particulate matter and temperatures (including hot and cold extremes). The interaction between temperature and ozone presented substantial interaction, but evidence about the interactive effects of temperature with other air pollutants is inconsistent. Most included studies used a time-series design, usually with daily mean temperature and air pollutant concentration as independent variables. Still, more needs to be studied about the co-occurrence of climate and air pollution. The co-occurrence of extreme climate and air pollution events is likely to become an increasing health risk in China and many parts of the world as climate changes. Climate change can interact with air pollution exposure to amplify risks to human health. Challenges and opportunities to assess the combined effect of climate variables and air pollution on human health are discussed in this review. Implications from epidemiological studies for implementing coordinated measures and policies for addressing climate change and air pollution will be critical areas of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing, China.
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Lin W, Pan J, Li J, Zhou X, Liu X. Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence and Mortality of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Neurologist 2024; 29:179-187. [PMID: 38048541 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between short-term exposure to various air pollutants [particulate matter <10 μm (PM 10 ), particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide, and ozone (O 3 )] and the incidence and mortality of stroke remain unclear. REVIEW SUMMARY We conducted a comprehensive search across databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and others. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CIs. Short-term exposure to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 was associated with increased stroke incidence [per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 : OR = 1.005 (95% CI: 1.004-1.007), per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 : OR = 1.006 (95% CI: 1.004-1.009), per 10 μg/m 3 increase in SO 2 : OR = 1.034 (95% CI: 1.020-1.048), per 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 : OR = 1.029 (95% CI: 1.015-1.043), and O 3 for per 10 μg/m 3 increase: OR: 1.006 (95% CI: 1.004-1.007)]. In addition, short-term exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2, and NO 2 was correlated with increased mortality from stroke [per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 : OR = 1.010 (95% CI: 1.006-1.013), per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 : OR = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003-1.006), per 10 μg/m 3 increase in SO 2 : OR = 1.013 (95% CI: 1.007-1.019) and per 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 : OR = 1.012 (95% CI: 1.008-1.015)]. CONCLUSION Reducing outdoor air pollutant levels may yield a favorable outcome in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jiahe Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
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Orellano P, Reynoso J, Quaranta N, Bardach A, Ciapponi A. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and ozone (O 3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105876. [PMID: 32590284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Short-term exposure (from one hour to days) to selected air pollutants has been associated with human mortality. This systematic review was conducted to analyse the evidence on the effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less or equal than 10 and 2.5 µm (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), on all-cause mortality, and PM10 and PM2.5 on cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular mortality. METHODS We included studies on human populations exposed to outdoor air pollution from any source, excluding occupational exposures. Relative risks (RRs) per 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutants concentrations were used as the effect estimates. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using 80% prediction intervals. Risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies was analysed using a new domain-based assessment tool, developed by a working group convened by the World Health Organization and designed specifically to evaluate RoB within eligible air pollution studies included in systematic reviews. We conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses by age, sex, continent, study design, single or multicity studies, time lag, and RoB. The certainty of evidence was assessed for each exposure-outcome combination. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018087749). RESULTS We included 196 articles in quantitative analysis. All combinations of pollutants and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis, and in a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The only exception was NO2, but when considering a 1-hour maximum exposure. We found positive associations between pollutants and all-cause mortality for PM10 (RR: 1.0041; 95% CI: 1.0034-1.0049), PM2.5 (RR: 1.0065; 95% CI: 1.0044-1.0086), NO2 (24-hour average) (RR: 1.0072; 95% CI: 1.0059-1.0085), and O3 (RR: 1.0043; 95% CI: 1.0034-1.0052). PM10 and PM2.5 were also positively associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular mortality. We found some degree of heterogeneity between studies in three exposure-outcome combinations, and this heterogeneity could not be explained after subgroup analysis. RoB was low or moderate in the majority of articles. The certainty of evidence was judged as high in 10 out of 11 combinations, and moderate in one combination. CONCLUSIONS This study found evidence of a positive association between short-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and all-cause mortality, and between PM10 and PM2.5 and cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality. These results were robust through several sensitivity analyses. In general, the level of evidence was high, meaning that we can be confident in the associations found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orellano
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (CONICET), San Nicolás, Argentina.
| | | | - Nancy Quaranta
- Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Nicolás, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Ciapponi
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e368-e380. [PMID: 29851649 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prospective studies on the health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure have focused on high-income countries, which have much lower pollutant concentrations than low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and different sources of pollution. We aimed to investigate the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs exclusively. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Global Health, and Proquest for studies published between database inception and Nov 28, 2016, investigating the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs. Data were extracted from published studies by one author, and then checked and verified by all authors independently. We pooled estimates by pollutant type (particulate matter with a diameter of <2·5 μm [PM2·5] or 2·5-10 μm [PM10]), lag, and outcome, and presented them as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate ambient air pollution. We used a random-effects model to derive overall excess risk. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016051733. FINDINGS Of 1553 studies identified, 91 met the full eligibility criteria. Only four long-term exposure studies from China were identified and not included in the meta-analysis. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM2·5 was associated with a 0·47% (95% CI 0·34-0·61) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·57% (0·28-0·86) increase in respiratory mortality. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM10 was associated with a 0·27% (0·11-0·44) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·56% (0·24-0·87) increase in respiratory mortality. INTERPRETATION Short-term exposure to particulate ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in LMIC's, with apparent regional-specific variations. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fusing Observational, Satellite Remote Sensing and Air Quality Model Simulated Data to Estimate Spatiotemporal Variations of PM2.5 Exposure in China. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Shao L, Hu Y, Shen R, Schäfer K, Wang J, Wang J, Schnelle-Kreis J, Zimmermann R, BéruBé K, Suppan P. Seasonal variation of particle-induced oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1152-1160. [PMID: 27916303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro plasmid scission assay (PSA), the cell apoptosis assay, and ICP-MS were employed to study the oxidative potentials and trace element compositions of the airborne particulate matter (PM) in Beijing during a one year-long field campaign from June 2010 to June 2011. The cell damages induced by PM reveled by the cell apoptosis assay showed a similar variation pattern to the DNA damages obtained by PSA, verifying the feasibility of the PSA in analyzing the oxidative capacity of PM samples. The PSA experiments showed that the particle-induced DNA damage was highest in summer, followed by spring, winter and autumn in descending order. The percentages of the oxidative damages to plasmid DNA induced by the water-soluble fractions of PM under the particle doses from 10 to 250μg/ml were generally lower than 45%, with some values peaking at above 50%. The peak values were frequently present in late spring (i.e. April and May) and early summer (i.e. June) but they were scarcely observed in other seasons. These peak values were mostly associated with haze days or the days with low wind speed (less than 4m/s), indicating that the PM samples during haze had higher oxidative potential than those during non-haze periods. The oxidative potential induced by the water-soluble fraction of the PM displayed a significant positive correlation with the concentrations of the water-soluble elements Cd, Cs, Pb, Rb, Zn, Be and Bi, demonstrating that the particle-induced oxidative potentials were mainly sourced from these elements. The exposure risk represented by the mass concentration of these elements in unit volume of atmosphere was higher in summer and winter, and lower in autumn and spring. The haze day PM samples not only had higher level of oxidative potentials but also had higher concentrations of water-soluble elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongrong Shen
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schäfer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kelly BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Peter Suppan
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Li J, Woodward A, Hou XY, Zhu T, Zhang J, Brown H, Yang J, Qin R, Gao J, Gu S, Li J, Xu L, Liu X, Liu Q. Modification of the effects of air pollutants on mortality by temperature: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1556-1570. [PMID: 27780592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature extremes and air pollution both pose significant threats to human health, but it remains uncertain whether pollutants' effects on mortality are modified by temperature levels. In this review, we summarized epidemiologic evidence on the modification by temperature of the acute effects of air pollutants on non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. The EMBASE, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Elsevier Science Direct databases were used to identify papers published up to 2nd December 2014. Studies with appropriate design, exposures and outcome indicators, quantitative estimates and high/intermediate quality were included. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 reported the effects of PM10 on mortality modified by temperature, 10 studied O3, and the rest examined NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10-2.5, CO and black smoke. We divided temperature into low, medium, and high categories as defined in each study. In high temperature days, a 10μg/m3 increment in PM10 concentration corresponded to pooled estimates of 0.78% (95% CI: 0.44%, 1.11%) and 1.28% (0.66%, 1.91%) increase in non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality, both statistically significantly higher than the estimates in medium temperature stratum. Pooled effects of O3 on non-accidental mortality on low and high temperature days were increases of 0.48% (0.28%, 0.69%) and 0.47% (0.32%, 0.63%) respectively, for 10μg/m3 increase in exposure, both significantly higher than the increase of 0.20% (0.07%, 0.34%) on medium temperature days. The effect of O3 on cardiovascular mortality was strongest on high temperature days with pooled estimate of 1.63% (1.14%, 2.13%). No significant interactions between SO2/NO2 and temperature were detected by meta-analysis. Other pollutants were not analyzed due to the lack of suitable studies. In summary, we observed interactions between high temperature and PM10 and O3 in the effects on non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. Low temperature modified the effects of air pollutants but not in a consistent fashion: the effect of PM10 oncardiovascular mortality was diminished but the association between O3 and non-accidental mortality was strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Changping District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Xiang-Yu Hou
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering Director, Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Helen Brown
- Campden BRI (Chipping Campden) Limited - part of the Campden BRI group, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, UK.
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Rennie Qin
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jinghong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Abstract
With one-fifth of the world's total population, China's prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may affect the success of worldwide efforts to achieve sustainable CVD reduction. Understanding China's current cardiovascular epidemic requires awareness of the economic development in the past decades. The rapid economic transformations (industrialization, marketization, urbanization, globalization, and informationalization) contributed to the aging demography, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental changes. The latter have predisposed to increasing cardiovascular risk factors and the CVD pandemic. Rising CVD rates have had a major economic impact, which has challenged the healthcare system and the whole society. With recognition of the importance of health, initial political steps and national actions have been taken to address the CVD epidemic. Looking to the future, we recommend that 4 priorities should be taken: pursue multisectorial government and nongovernment strategies targeting the underlying causes of CVD (the whole-of-government and whole-of-society policy); give priority to prevention; reform the healthcare system to fit the nature of noncommunicable diseases; and conduct research for evidence-based, low-cost, simple, sustainable, and scalable interventions. By pursuing the 4 priorities, the pandemic of CVD and other major noncommunicable diseases in China will be reversed and the global sustainable development goal achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Wu
- From Peking University School of Public Health and Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China (Y.W.); The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (E.J.B.); and The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (S.M.).
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- From Peking University School of Public Health and Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China (Y.W.); The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (E.J.B.); and The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (S.M.)
| | - Stephen MacMahon
- From Peking University School of Public Health and Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China (Y.W.); The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (E.J.B.); and The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia (S.M.)
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Lu F, Zhou L, Xu Y, Zheng T, Guo Y, Wellenius GA, Bassig BA, Chen X, Wang H, Zheng X. Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality and years of life lost in Nanjing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015. [PMID: 26204048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The deteriorating air quality in Chinese cities is attracting growing public concern. We conducted analyses to quantify the associations between daily changes in ambient air pollution and mortality in Nanjing, China. Daily mortality, air pollution, and meteorological data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 were collected. Over-dispersed Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the risk of daily non-accidental mortality and years of life lost (YLL) from exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM10) and gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2). Stratified analysis was conducted to indentify the modifying effect of individual-level factors on the association between air pollutants and mortality. We found that interquartile range (IQR) increases in the two-day average of PM10, NO2 and SO2 were significantly associated with 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI):0.7%-2.6%], 2.9% (95% CI: 1.7%-4.2%) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.2%-3.6%) higher rates of non-accidental mortality; and related to YLL increases of 20.5 (95% CI: 6.3-34.8), 34.9 (95% CI: 16.9-52.9) and 30.3 (95% CI: 12.2-48.4) years, respectively; Associations between air pollution and mortality were more pronounced in the warm season than in the cool season. We conclude that the risks of mortality and YLL were elevated corresponding to an increase in current ambient concentrations of the air pollutants, and season may modify the effects of outdoor air pollution in Nanjing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Bryan A Bassig
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Environmental and Endemic Diseases Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Lu F, Xu D, Cheng Y, Dong S, Guo C, Jiang X, Zheng X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:196-204. [PMID: 25460637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the largest developing country, China has some of the worst air quality in the world. Heavy smog in January 2013 led to unprecedented public concern about the health impact of exposure to particulate matter. Conducting health impact assessments of particulate matter has thus become an urgent task for public health practitioners. Combined estimates of the health effects of exposure to particulate matter from quantitative reviews could provide vital information for epidemiology-based health impact assessments, but estimates for the Chinese population are limited. METHODS On December 31, 2013, we systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using as keywords names of 127 major cities in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. From among the 1464 articles identified, 59 studies were manually screened. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to combine their risk estimates, the funnel plots with Egger test were performed to evaluate the publication bias and Meta regression were run to explore the association between exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5) and the resulting health effects by the Comprehensive Meta Analysis. RESULTS In terms of short-term effects, the combined excess risks of total non-accidental mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and mortality due to respiratory disease were 0.36% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.26%, 0.46%), 0.36% (95%CI: 0.24%, 0.49%), and 0.42% (95%CI: 0.28%, 0.55%), for each 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10. A 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.40% (95%CI: 0.22%, 0.59%) increase in total non-accidental mortality, a 0.63% (95%CI: 0.35%, 0.91%) increase in mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and a 0.75% (95%CI: 01.39%, 1.11%) increase in mortality due to respiratory disease. For constituent-specific mortality, increases of 0.40-3.11% were associated with an increase of 10 ng/m(3) for nickel in PM. The summary estimate ranges of hospital utilization were 0.08% ~ 0.72% and -0.58% ~ 1.32% for a 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10 and PM2.5. In terms of long-term effects, a 10 μg/m(3) increase of PM10 corresponded to 23-67% increase in the risk of mortality. CONCLUSION Short exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 are associated with increases in mortality, but evidence of constituent-associated health effects, long-term effects and morbidity in China is still inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaoxia Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Xu M, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Westerdahl D, Mo Y, Liang F, Pan X. Spatiotemporal analysis of particulate air pollution and ischemic heart disease mortality in Beijing, China. Environ Health 2014; 13:109. [PMID: 25495440 PMCID: PMC4293109 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have used spatially resolved ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10) to examine the impact of PM10 on ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in China. The aim of our study is to evaluate the short-term effects of PM10 concentrations on IHD mortality by means of spatiotemporal analysis approach. METHODS We collected daily data on air pollution, weather conditions and IHD mortality in Beijing, China during 2008 and 2009. Ordinary kriging (OK) was used to interpolate daily PM10 concentrations at the centroid of 287 township-level areas based on 27 monitoring sites covering the whole city. A generalized additive mixed model was used to estimate quantitatively the impact of spatially resolved PM10 on the IHD mortality. The co-effects of the seasons, gender and age were studied in a stratified analysis. Generalized additive model was used to evaluate the effects of averaged PM10 concentration as well. RESULTS The averaged spatially resolved PM10 concentration at 287 township-level areas was 120.3 ± 78.1 μg/m3. Ambient PM10 concentration was associated with IHD mortality in spatiotemporal analysis and the strongest effects were identified for the 2-day average. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with an increase of 0.33% (95% confidence intervals: 0.13%, 0.52%) in daily IHD mortality. The effect estimates using spatially resolved PM10 were larger than that using averaged PM10. The seasonal stratification analysis showed that PM10 had the statistically stronger effects on IHD mortality in summer than that in the other seasons. Males and older people demonstrated the larger response to PM10 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that short-term exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increased IHD mortality. Spatial variation should be considered for assessing the impacts of particulate air pollution on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Xu
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dane Westerdahl
- />Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Yunzheng Mo
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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