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Laowpanitchakorn P, Zeng J, Piantino M, Uchida K, Katsuyama M, Matsusaki M. Biofabrication of engineered blood vessels for biomedical applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2330339. [PMID: 38633881 PMCID: PMC11022926 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2330339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To successfully engineer large-sized tissues, establishing vascular structures is essential for providing oxygen, nutrients, growth factors and cells to prevent necrosis at the core of the tissue. The diameter scale of the biofabricated vasculatures should range from 100 to 1,000 µm to support the mm-size tissue while being controllably aligned and spaced within the diffusion limit of oxygen. In this review, insights regarding biofabrication considerations and techniques for engineered blood vessels will be presented. Initially, polymers of natural and synthetic origins can be selected, modified, and combined with each other to support maturation of vascular tissue while also being biocompatible. After they are shaped into scaffold structures by different fabrication techniques, surface properties such as physical topography, stiffness, and surface chemistry play a major role in the endothelialization process after transplantation. Furthermore, biological cues such as growth factors (GFs) and endothelial cells (ECs) can be incorporated into the fabricated structures. As variously reported, fabrication techniques, especially 3D printing by extrusion and 3D printing by photopolymerization, allow the construction of vessels at a high resolution with diameters in the desired range. Strategies to fabricate of stable tubular structures with defined channels will also be discussed. This paper provides an overview of the many advances in blood vessel engineering and combinations of different fabrication techniques up to the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marie Piantino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Consortium for Future Innovation by Cultured Meat, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Materials Solution Department, Product Analysis Center, Panasonic Holdings Corporation, Kadoma, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misa Katsuyama
- Materials Solution Department, Product Analysis Center, Panasonic Holdings Corporation, Kadoma, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Consortium for Future Innovation by Cultured Meat, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Yadav S, Khan J, Yadav A. Applications of Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: Current Utilization and Future Prospective. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:94-109. [PMID: 37921144 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232262167231012102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Current regenerative medicine tactics focus on regenerating tissue structures pathologically modified by cell transplantation in combination with supporting scaffolds and biomolecules. Natural and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic and hybrid materials, and tissue decellularized were deemed biomaterials scaffolding because of their improved structural, mechanical, and biological abilities.Various biomaterials, existing treatment methodologies and emerging technologies in the field of Three-dimensional (3D) and hydrogel processing, and the unique fabric concerns for tissue engineering. A scaffold that acts as a transient matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent expansion, is needed to restore or regenerate the tissue. Diverse technologies are combined to produce porous tissue regenerative and tailored release of bioactive substances in applications of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering scaffolds are crucial ingredients. This paper discusses an overview of the various scaffold kinds and their material features and applications. Tabulation of the manufacturing technologies for fabric engineering and equipment, encompassing the latest fundamental and standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Agrima Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Marei I, Abu Samaan T, Al-Quradaghi MA, Farah AA, Mahmud SH, Ding H, Triggle CR. 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847554. [PMID: 35310996 PMCID: PMC8931492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However, in vitro cell-based evaluation could in many instances provide contradictory findings to the in vivo testing in animal models and clinical trials. This drawback is related to the failure of these 2D cell culture systems to recapitulate the human physiological microenvironment in which the cells reside. In the body, cells reside within a complex physiological setting, where they interact with and respond to neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stress, blood shear stress, and many other factors. These factors in sum affect the cellular response and the specific pathways that regulate variable vital functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although pre-clinical in vivo animal models provide this level of complexity, cross species differences can also cause contradictory results from that seen when the drug enters clinical trials. Thus, there is a need to better mimic human physiological conditions in pre-clinical studies to improve the efficiency of drug screening. A novel approach is to develop 3D tissue engineered miniaturized constructs in vitro that are based on human cells. In this review, we discuss the factors that should be considered to produce a successful vascular construct that is derived from human cells and is both reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei
| | - Tala Abu Samaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Chris R. Triggle
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4
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Rubí-Sans G, Cano-Torres I, Pérez-Amodio S, Blanco-Fernandez B, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Development and Angiogenic Potential of Cell-Derived Microtissues Using Microcarrier-Template. Biomedicines 2021; 9:232. [PMID: 33669131 PMCID: PMC8025087 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches use biomaterials in combination with cells to regenerate lost functions of tissues and organs to prevent organ transplantation. However, most of the current strategies fail in mimicking the tissue's extracellular matrix properties. In order to mimic native tissue conditions, we developed cell-derived matrix (CDM) microtissues (MT). Our methodology uses poly-lactic acid (PLA) and Cultispher® S microcarriers' (MCs') as scaffold templates, which are seeded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs). The scaffold template allows cells to generate an extracellular matrix, which is then extracted for downstream use. The newly formed CDM provides cells with a complex physical (MT architecture) and biochemical (deposited ECM proteins) environment, also showing spontaneous angiogenic potential. Our results suggest that MTs generated from the combination of these two MCs (mixed MTs) are excellent candidates for tissue vascularization. Overall, this study provides a methodology for in-house fabrication of microtissues with angiogenic potential for downstream use in various tissue regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Rubí-Sans
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Cano-Torres
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Material Science, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Department of Basic Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Material Science, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Zhou B, Bartholmai BJ, Kalra S, Zhang X. Predicting lung mass density of patients with interstitial lung disease and healthy subjects using deep neural network and lung ultrasound surface wave elastography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103682. [PMID: 32174432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Hounsfield unit (HU) obtained from high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been used to assess lung pathology. However, lung mass density has not been quantified in vivo noninvasively. The objective of this study was to develop a method for analyzing lung mass density of superficial lung tissue of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and healthy subjects using a deep neural network (DNN) and lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE). Surface wave speeds at three vibration frequencies (100, 150 and 200 Hz) from LUSWE and a pulmonary function test (PFT) including predicted forced expiratory volume (FEV1% pre) and ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV1%/FVC%) were used. Predefined lung mass densities based on the HU for ILD patients and healthy subjects (77 in total) were also used to train the DNN model. The DNN was composed of four hidden layers of 1024 neurons for each layer and trained for 80 epochs with a batch size of 20. The learning rate was 0.001. Performances of two types of activation functions in the DNN, rectified linear activation unit (ReLU) and exponential linear unit (ELU), as well as, machine learning models (support vector regression, random forest, Adaboost) were evaluated. The test dataset of wave speeds, FEV1% pre and FEV%/FVC%, was used to predict lung mass density. The results showed that predictions using a DNN with ELU obtained a comparatively better performance in the testing dataset (accuracy = 0.89) than those of DNN with ReLU or machine learning models. This method may be useful to noninvasively analyze lung mass density by using the DNN model together with the measurements from LUSWE and PFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, USA
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6
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Nycz CJ, Strobel HA, Suqui K, Grosha J, Fischer GS, Rolle MW. A Method for High-Throughput Robotic Assembly of Three-Dimensional Vascular Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1251-1260. [PMID: 30638142 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Self-assembled tissues have potential to serve both as implantable grafts and as tools for disease modeling and drug screening. For these applications, tissue production must ultimately be scaled-up and automated. Limited technologies exist for precisely manipulating self-assembled tissues, which are fragile early in culture. Here, we presented a method for automatically stacking self-assembled smooth muscle cell rings onto mandrels, using a custom-designed well plate and robotic punch system. Rings then fuse into tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs). This is a critical step toward automating TEBV production that may be applied to other tubular tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Nycz
- Robotics Engineering Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah A Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy Suqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jonian Grosha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory S Fischer
- Robotics Engineering Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
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7
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Strobel HA, Qendro EI, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules for Vascular Intervention and Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1329. [PMID: 30519186 PMCID: PMC6259603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment often requires surgical interventions to re-open occluded vessels, bypass severe occlusions, or stabilize aneurysms. Despite the short-term success of such interventions, many ultimately fail due to thrombosis or restenosis (following stent placement), or incomplete healing (such as after aneurysm coil placement). Bioactive molecules capable of modulating host tissue responses and preventing these complications have been identified, but systemic delivery is often harmful or ineffective. This review discusses the use of localized bioactive molecule delivery methods to enhance the long-term success of vascular interventions, such as drug-eluting stents and aneurysm coils, as well as nanoparticles for targeted molecule delivery. Vascular grafts in particular have poor patency in small diameter, high flow applications, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Grafts fabricated from a variety of approaches may benefit from bioactive molecule incorporation to improve patency. Tissue engineering is an especially promising approach for vascular graft fabrication that may be conducive to incorporation of drugs or growth factors. Overall, localized and targeted delivery of bioactive molecules has shown promise for improving the outcomes of vascular interventions, with technologies such as drug-eluting stents showing excellent clinical success. However, many targeted vascular drug delivery systems have yet to reach the clinic. There is still a need to better optimize bioactive molecule release kinetics and identify synergistic biomolecule combinations before the clinical impact of these technologies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elisabet I. Qendro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marsha W. Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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8
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Zhou B, Zhang X. The effect of pleural fluid layers on lung surface wave speed measurement: Experimental and numerical studies on a sponge lung phantom. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 89:13-18. [PMID: 30236977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pleural effusion manifests as compression of pleural fluid on the lung parenchyma contributing to hypoxemia. Medical procedures such as drainage of plural fluid releases this compression and increases oxygenation. However, the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity of lung parenchyma is unknown. By using lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE) and finite element method (FEM), the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity of superficial lung parenchyma in terms of surface wave speed measurement was evaluated in a sponge phantom study. Different thicknesses of ultrasound transmission gel used to simulated pleural fluid were inserted into a condom, which was placed between the sponge and standoff pad. A mechanical shaker was used to generate vibration on the sponge phantom at different frequencies ranging from 100 to 300 Hz while the ultrasound transducer was used to capture the motion for measurement of surface wave speed of the sponge. FEM was conducted based on the experimental setup and numerically assessed the influence of pleural effusion on the surface wave speed of the sponge. We found from FEM experiments that the influence of thickness of ultrasound transmission gel was statistically insignificant on the surface wave speed of the sponge at 100 and 150 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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9
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Strobel HA, Hookway TA, Piola M, Fiore GB, Soncini M, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Assembly of Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels with Spatially Controlled Heterogeneities. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1492-1503. [PMID: 29724157 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered human blood vessels may enable in vitro disease modeling and drug screening to accelerate advances in vascular medicine. Existing methods for tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) fabrication create homogenous tubes not conducive to modeling the focal pathologies characteristic of certain vascular diseases. We developed a system for generating self-assembled human smooth muscle cell (SMC) ring units, which were fused together into TEBVs. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of modular assembly and fusion of ring building units to fabricate spatially controlled, heterogeneous tissue tubes. We first aimed to enhance fusion and reduce total culture time, and determined that reducing ring preculture duration improved tube fusion. Next, we incorporated electrospun polymer ring units onto tube ends as reinforced extensions, which allowed us to cannulate tubes after only 7 days of fusion, and culture tubes with luminal flow in a custom bioreactor. To create focal heterogeneities, we incorporated gelatin microspheres into select ring units during self-assembly, and fused these rings between ring units without microspheres. Cells within rings maintained their spatial position along tissue tubes after fusion. Because tubes fabricated from primary SMCs did not express contractile proteins, we also fabricated tubes from human mesenchymal stem cells, which expressed smooth muscle alpha actin and SM22-α. This work describes a platform approach for creating modular TEBVs with spatially defined structural heterogeneities, which may ultimately be applied to mimic focal diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Strobel
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy A Hookway
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease , San Francisco, California.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University , Binghamton, New York
| | - Marco Piola
- 4 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Monica Soncini
- 4 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Eben Alsberg
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.,6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
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10
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Strobel HA, Calamari EL, Alphonse B, Hookway TA, Rolle MW. Fabrication of Custom Agarose Wells for Cell Seeding and Tissue Ring Self-assembly Using 3D-Printed Molds. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658935 PMCID: PMC5933294 DOI: 10.3791/56618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered tissues are being used clinically for tissue repair and replacement, and are being developed as tools for drug screening and human disease modeling. Self-assembled tissues offer advantages over scaffold-based tissue engineering, such as enhanced matrix deposition, strength, and function. However, there are few available methods for fabricating 3D tissues without seeding cells on or within a supporting scaffold. Previously, we developed a system for fabricating self-assembled tissue rings by seeding cells into non-adhesive agarose wells. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) negative was first cast in a machined polycarbonate mold, and then agarose was gelled in the PDMS negative to create ring-shaped cell seeding wells. However, the versatility of this approach was limited by the resolution of the tools available for machining the polycarbonate mold. Here, we demonstrate that 3D-printed plastic can be used as an alternative to machined polycarbonate for fabricating PDMS negatives. The 3D-printed mold and revised mold design is simpler to use, inexpensive to produce, and requires significantly less agarose and PDMS per cell seeding well. We have demonstrated that the resulting agarose wells can be used to create self-assembled tissue rings with customized diameters from a variety of different cell types. Rings can then be used for mechanical, functional, and histological analysis, or for fabricating larger and more complex tubular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracy A Hookway
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Gladstone Institute for Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute;
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11
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Zhang X, Zhou B, Kalra S, Bartholmai B, Greenleaf J, Osborn T. An Ultrasound Surface Wave Technique for Assessing Skin and Lung Diseases. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:321-331. [PMID: 29195756 PMCID: PMC5743597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-organ connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysregulation and organ fibrosis. Severe organ involvement, especially of the skin and lung, is the cause of morbidity and mortality in SSc. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes multiple lung disorders in which the lung tissue is fibrotic and stiffened. The purpose of this study was to translate ultrasound surface wave elastography (USWE) for assessing patients with SSc and/or ILD via measuring surface wave speeds of both skin and superficial lung tissue. Forty-one patients with both SSc and ILD and 30 healthy patients were enrolled in this study. An external harmonic vibration was used to generate the wave propagation on the skin or lung. Three excitation frequencies of 100, 150 and 200 Hz were used. An ultrasound probe was used to measure the wave propagation in the tissue non-invasively. Surface wave speeds were measured on the forearm and upper arm of both left and right arm, as well as the upper and lower lungs, through six intercostal spaces of patients and healthy patients. Viscoelasticity of the skin was calculated by the wave speed dispersion with frequency using the Voigt model. The magnitudes of surface wave speed and viscoelasticity of patients' skin were significantly higher than those of healthy patients (p <0.0001) for each location and each frequency. The surface wave speeds of patients' lung were significantly higher than those of healthy patients (p <0.0001) for each location and each frequency. USWE is a non-invasive and non-ionizing technique for measuring both skin and lung surface wave speed and may be useful for quantitative assessment of SSc and/or ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Boran Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - James Greenleaf
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Osborn
- Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Casali DM, Handleton RM, Shazly T, Matthews MA. A novel supercritical CO 2 -based decellularization method for maintaining scaffold hydration and mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Strobel HA, Dikina AD, Levi K, Solorio LD, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Cellular Self-Assembly with Microsphere Incorporation for Growth Factor Delivery Within Engineered Vascular Tissue Rings. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:143-155. [PMID: 27784202 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular self-assembly has been used to generate living tissue constructs as an alternative to seeding cells on or within exogenous scaffold materials. However, high cell and extracellular matrix density in self-assembled constructs may impede diffusion of growth factors during engineered tissue culture. In the present study, we assessed the feasibility of incorporating gelatin microspheres within vascular tissue rings during cellular self-assembly to achieve growth factor delivery. To assess microsphere incorporation and distribution within vascular tissue rings, gelatin microspheres were mixed with a suspension of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at 0, 0.2, or 0.6 mg per million cells and seeded into agarose wells to form self-assembled cell rings. Microspheres were distributed throughout the rings and were mostly degraded within 14 days in culture. Rings with microspheres were cultured in both SMC growth medium and differentiation medium, with no adverse effects on ring structure or mechanical properties. Incorporated gelatin microspheres loaded with transforming growth factor beta 1 stimulated smooth muscle contractile protein expression in tissue rings. These findings demonstrate that microsphere incorporation can be used as a delivery vehicle for growth factors within self-assembled vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Strobel
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anna D Dikina
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karen Levi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Loran D Solorio
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eben Alsberg
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
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Zhou B, Ravindran S, Ferdous J, Kidane A, Sutton MA, Shazly T. Using Digital Image Correlation to Characterize Local Strains on Vascular Tissue Specimens. J Vis Exp 2016:e53625. [PMID: 26862936 DOI: 10.3791/53625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the mechanical behavior of biological and engineered soft tissues is a central component of fundamental biomedical research and product development. Stress-strain relationships are typically obtained from mechanical testing data to enable comparative assessment among samples and in some cases identification of constitutive mechanical properties. However, errors may be introduced through the use of average strain measures, as significant heterogeneity in the strain field may result from geometrical non-uniformity of the sample and stress concentrations induced by mounting/gripping of soft tissues within the test system. When strain field heterogeneity is significant, accurate assessment of the sample mechanical response requires measurement of local strains. This study demonstrates a novel biomechanical testing protocol for calculating local surface strains using a mechanical testing device coupled with a high resolution camera and a digital image correlation technique. A series of sample surface images are acquired and then analyzed to quantify the local surface strain of a vascular tissue specimen subjected to ramped uniaxial loading. This approach can improve accuracy in experimental vascular biomechanics and has potential for broader use among other native soft tissues, engineered soft tissues, and soft hydrogel/polymeric materials. In the video, we demonstrate how to set up the system components and perform a complete experiment on native vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina
| | - Suraj Ravindran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina
| | - Jahid Ferdous
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina
| | - Addis Kidane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina
| | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina
| | - Tarek Shazly
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina;
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15
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Prim DA, Zhou B, Hartstone-Rose A, Uline MJ, Shazly T, Eberth JF. A mechanical argument for the differential performance of coronary artery grafts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 54:93-105. [PMID: 26437296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) acutely disturbs the homeostatic state of the transplanted vessel making retention of graft patency dependent on chronic remodeling processes. The time course and extent to which remodeling restores vessel homeostasis will depend, in part, on the nature and magnitude of the mechanical disturbances induced upon transplantation. In this investigation, biaxial mechanical testing and histology were performed on the porcine left anterior descending artery (LAD) and analogs of common autografts, including the internal thoracic artery (ITA), radial artery (RA), great saphenous vein (GSV) and lateral saphenous vein (LSV). Experimental data were used to quantify the parameters of a structure-based constitutive model enabling prediction of the acute vessel mechanical response pre-transplantation and under coronary loading conditions. A novel metric Ξ was developed to quantify mechanical differences between each graft vessel in situ and the LAD in situ, while a second metric Ω compares the graft vessels in situ to their state under coronary loading. The relative values of these metrics among candidate autograft sources are consistent with vessel-specific variations in CABG clinical success rates with the ITA as the superior and GSV the inferior graft choices based on mechanical performance. This approach can be used to evaluate other candidate tissues for grafting or to aid in the development of synthetic and tissue engineered alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Prim
- University of South Carolina, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Boran Zhou
- University of South Carolina, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, SC, USA; University of South Carolina, Department of Anthropology, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mark J Uline
- University of South Carolina, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC, USA; University of South Carolina, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Tarek Shazly
- University of South Carolina, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC, USA; University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - John F Eberth
- University of South Carolina, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC, USA; University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Wang X, Jiao Q, Zhang S, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Perfusion culture-induced template-assisted assembling of cell-laden microcarriers is a promising route for fabricating macrotissues. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1425-34. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Chen M, Zhou M, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Ectopic osteogenesis of macroscopic tissue constructs assembled from human mesenchymal stem cell-laden microcarriers through in vitro perfusion culture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109214. [PMID: 25275528 PMCID: PMC4183582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously demonstrated the feasibility of preparing a centimeter-sized bone tissue construct by following a modular approach. In the present study, the objectives were to evaluate osteogenesis and tissue formation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-laden CultiSpher S microcarriers during in vitro perfusion culture and after subcutaneous implantation. Microtissues were prepared in dynamic culture using spinner flasks in 28 days. In comparison with 1-week perfusion culture, microtissues became more obviously fused, demonstrating significantly higher cellularity, metabolic activity, ALP activity and calcium content while maintaining cell viability after 2-week perfusion. After subcutaneous implantation in nude mice for 6 and 12 weeks, all explants showed tight contexture, suggesting profound tissue remodeling in vivo. In addition, 12-week implantation resulted in slightly better tissue properties. However, in vitro perfusion culture time exerted great influence on the properties of corresponding explants. Degradation of microcarriers was more pronounced in the explants of 2-week perfused macrotissues compared to those of 1-week perfusion and directly implanted microtissues. Moreover, more blood vessel infiltration and bone matrix deposition with homogeneous spatial distribution were found in the explants of 2-week perfused macrotissues. Taken together, in vitro perfusion culture time is critical in engineering bone tissue replacements using such a modular approach, which holds great promise for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (YZ); (WST)
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (YZ); (WST)
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (YZ); (WST)
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