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Yang S, Jiang W, Ma X, Wang Z, Sah RL, Wang J, Sun Y. Nanoscale Morphologies on the Surface of 3D-Printed Titanium Implants for Improved Osseointegration: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4171-4191. [PMID: 37525692 PMCID: PMC10387278 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is serving as the most promising approach to fabricate personalized titanium (Ti) implants for the precise treatment of complex bone defects. However, the bio-inert nature of Ti material limits its capability for rapid osseointegration and thus influences the implant lifetime in vivo. Despite the macroscale porosity for promoting osseointegration, 3D-printed Ti implant surface morphologies at the nanoscale have gained considerable attention for their potential to improve specific outcomes. To evaluate the influence of nanoscale surface morphologies on osseointegration outcomes of 3D-printed Ti implants and discuss the available strategies, we systematically searched evidence according to the PRISMA on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane (until June 2022). The inclusion criteria were in vivo (animal) studies reporting the osseointegration outcomes of nanoscale morphologies on the surface of 3D-printed Ti implants. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's) tool. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. (PROSPERO: CRD42022334222). Out of 119 retrieved articles, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence suggests that irregular nano-texture, nanodots and nanotubes with a diameter of 40-105nm on the surface of porous/solid 3D-printed Ti implants result in better osseointegration and vertical bone ingrowth compared to the untreated/polished ones by significantly promoting cell adhesion, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation through increasing integrin expression. The RoB was low in 41.1% of items, unclear in 53.3%, and high in 5.6%. The quality of the studies achieved a mean score of 17.67. Our study demonstrates that nanostructures with specific controlled properties on the surface of 3D-printed Ti implants improve their osseointegration. However, given the small number of studies, the variability in experimental designs, and lack of reporting across studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Orthopedic Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Snyder K, Sions J, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Bone marrow stromal cells are sensitive to discrete surface alterations in build and post-build modifications of bioinspired Ti6Al4V 3D-printed in vitro testing constructs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:829-845. [PMID: 36372947 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current standards in bone-facing implant fabrication by metal 3D (M3D) printing require post-manufacturing modifications to create distinct surface properties and create implant microenvironments that promote osseointegration. However, the biological consequences of build parameters and surface modifications are not well understood. This study evaluated the relative contributions of build parameters and post-manufacturing modification techniques to cell responses that impact osseointegration in vivo. Biomimetic testing constructs were created by using a M3D printer with standard titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) print parameters. These constructs were treated by either grit-blasting and acid-etching (GB + AE) or GB + AE followed by hot isostatic pressure (HIP) (GB + AE, HIP). Next, nine constructs were created by using a M3D printer with three build parameters: (1) standard, (2) increased hatch spacing, and (3) no infill, and additional contour trace. Each build type was further processed by either GB + AE, or HIP, or a combination of HIP treatment followed by GB + AE (GB + AE, HIP). Resulting constructs were assessed by SEM, micro-CT, optical profilometry, XPS, and mechanical compression. Cellular response was determined by culturing human bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) for 7 days. Surface topography differed depending on processing method; HIP created micro-/nano-ridge like structures and GB + AE created micro-pits and nano-scale texture. Micro-CT showed decreases in closed pore number and closed porosity after HIP treatment in the third build parameter constructs. Compressive moduli were similar for all constructs. All constructs exhibited ability to differentiate MSCs into osteoblasts. MSCs responded best to micro-/nano-structures created by final post-processing by GB + AE, increasing OCN, OPG, VEGFA, latent TGFβ1, IL4, and IL10. Collectively these data demonstrate that M3D-printed constructs can be readily manufactured with distinct architectures based on the print parameters and post-build modifications. MSCs are sensitive to discrete surface topographical differences that may not show up in qualitative assessments of surface properties and respond by altering local factor production. These factors are vital for osseointegration after implant insertion, especially in patients with compromised bone qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kyle Snyder
- Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Virginia, USA
| | - John Sions
- Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Bosh KB, Kapitanov M, Slosar PJ, Levit MM, Gallagher M, Rawlinson JJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Bone marrow stromal cells generate an osteoinductive microenvironment when cultured on titanium-aluminum-vanadium substrates with biomimetic multiscale surface roughness. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36827708 PMCID: PMC9993812 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbf15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration of titanium-based implants possessing complex macroscale/microscale/mesoscale/nanoscale (multiscale) topographies support a direct and functional connection with native bone tissue by promoting recruitment, attachment and osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs). Recent studies show that the MSCs on these surfaces produce factors, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) that can cause MSCs not on the surface to undergo osteoblast differentiation, suggesting they may produce an osteogenic environmentin vivo. This study examined if soluble factors produced by MSCs in contact with titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) implants possessing a complex multiscale biomimetic topography are able to induce osteogenesis ectopically. Ti6Al4V disks were grit-blasted and acid-etched to create surfaces possessing macroscale and microscale roughness (MM), micro/meso/nanoscale topography (MN), and macro/micro/meso/nanoscale topography (MMNTM). Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) disks were also fabricated by machining to medical-grade specifications. Surface properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, optical profilometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. MSCs were cultured in growth media (GM). Proteins and local factors in their conditioned media (CM) were measured on days 4, 8, 10 and 14: osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, BMP2, BMP4, and cytokines interleukins 6, 4 and 10 (IL6, IL4, and IL10). CM was collected from D14 MSCs on MMNTMand tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and lyophilized. Gel capsules containing active demineralized bone matrix (DBM), heat-inactivated DBM (iDBM), and iDBM + MMN-GM were implanted bilaterally in the gastrocnemius of athymic nude mice (N= 8 capsules/group). Controls included iDBM + GM; iDBM + TCPS-CM from D5 to D10 MSCs; iDBM + MMN-CM from D5 to D10; and iDBM + rhBMP2 (R&D Systems) at a concentration similar to D5-D10 production of MSCs on MMNTMsurfaces. Legs were harvested at 35D. Bone formation was assessed by micro computed tomography and histomorphometry (hematoxylin and eosin staining) with the histology scored according to ASTM 2529-13. DNA was greatest on PEEK at all time points; DNA was lowest on MN at early time points, but increased with time. Cells on PEEK exhibited small changes in differentiation with reduced production of BMP2. Osteoblast differentiation was greatest on the MN and MMNTM, reflecting increased production of BMP2 and BMP4. Pro-regenerative cytokines IL4 and IL10 were increased on Ti-based surfaces; IL6 was reduced compared to PEEK. None of the media from TCPS cultures was osteoinductive. However, MMN-CM exhibited increased bone formation compared to iDBM and iDBM + rhBMP2. Furthermore, exogenous rhBMP2 alone, at the concentration found in MMN-CM collected from D5 to D10 cultures, failed to induce new bone, indicating that other factors in the CM play a critical role in that osteoinductive microenvironment. MSCs cultured on MMNTMTi6Al4V surfaces differentiate and produce an increase in local factors, including BMP2, and the CM from these cultures can induce ectopic bone formation compared to control groups, indicating that the increased bone formation arises from the local response by MSCs to a biomimetic, multiscale surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Kyla B Bosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Marina Kapitanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Paul J Slosar
- SpineCare Medical Group, 455 Hickey Blvd., Suite 310, Daly City, CA 94015, United States of America
| | - Michael M Levit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Michelle Gallagher
- Medtronic, Applied Research-Spine, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J Rawlinson
- Medtronic, Applied Research-Spine, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America.,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Fan Z, Xing Y, Jia S, Mo Z, Gong H. Effect of microtopography on osseointegration of implantable biomaterials and its modification strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:981062. [PMID: 36225600 PMCID: PMC9548570 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.981062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic implants are widely used for the treatment of bone defects caused by injury, infection, tumor and congenital diseases. However, poor osseointegration and implant failures still occur frequently due to the lack of direct contact between the implant and the bone. In order to improve the biointegration of implants with the host bone, surface modification is of particular interest and requirement in the development of implant materials. Implant surfaces that mimic the inherent surface roughness and hydrophilicity of native bone have been shown to provide osteogenic cells with topographic cues to promote tissue regeneration and new bone formation. A growing number of studies have shown that cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation are sensitive to these implant surface microtopography. This review is to provide a summary of the latest science of surface modified bone implants, focusing on how surface microtopography modulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro and osseointegration in vivo, signaling pathways in the process and types of surface modifications. The aim is to systematically provide comprehensive reference information for better fabrication of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability and Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaowei Jia
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability and Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjun Mo, ; He Gong,
| | - He Gong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjun Mo, ; He Gong,
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Reis TAD, Borges GCS, Zancopé K, Neves FDD. Influence of diameter on mechanical behavior of morse taper narrow implants. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants could give back function, esthetics and quality of life to patients. The correct choice of the implant, especially in borderline cases, is essential for a satisfactory result. Aim: Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of Morse taper implants with two different prosthetic interfaces. Methods: Twenty self-locking Morse taper implants, 2.9 mm in diameter (FAC), and 20 Morse taper implants, 3.5 mm in diameter (CM) were divided into two groups (n=10), and submitted to strength to failure test, optical microscopic evaluation of fracture, metallographic analysis of the alloy, finite element analysis (FEA) and strain gauge test. A Student’s t test (α = 0.05) was made for a statistical analysis. Results: For the strength to failure test, a statistically difference was observed (p <0.001) between FAC (225.0 ± 19.8 N) and CM (397.3 ± 12.5 N). The optical microscopic evaluation demonstrated a fracture pattern that corroborated with FEA´s results. The metallographic analysis determined that the implants of the FAC group have titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy in their composition. In the strain gauge test, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.833) between CM (1064.8 ± 575.04 μS) and FAC (1002.2 ± 657.6 μS) groups. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, ultra-narrow implants (FAC) should ideally be restricted to areas with low masticatory effort.
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Ogura N, Berger MB, Srivas P, Hwang S, Li J, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, Sandhage KH. Tailoring of TiAl6V4 Surface Nanostructure for Enhanced In Vitro Osteoblast Response via Gas/Solid (Non-Line-of-Sight) Oxidation/Reduction Reactions. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030117. [PMID: 36134921 PMCID: PMC9496476 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An aging global population is accelerating the need for better, longer-lasting orthopaedic and dental implants. Additive manufacturing can provide patient-specific, titanium-alloy-based implants with tailored, three-dimensional, bone-like architecture. Studies using two-dimensional substrates have demonstrated that osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) is enhanced on surfaces possessing hierarchical macro/micro/nano-scale roughness that mimics the topography of osteoclast resorption pits on the bone surface. Conventional machined implants with these surfaces exhibit successful osseointegration, but the complex architectures produced by 3D printing make consistent nanoscale surface texturing difficult to achieve, and current line-of-sight methods used to roughen titanium alloy surfaces cannot reach all internal surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a new, non-line-of-sight, gas/solid-reaction-based process capable of generating well-controlled nanotopographies on all open (gas-exposed) surfaces of titanium alloy implants. Dense 3D-printed titanium-aluminum-vanadium (TiAl6V4) substrates were used to evaluate the evolution of surface nanostructure for development of this process. Substrates were either polished to be smooth (for easier evaluation of surface nanostructure evolution) or grit-blasted and acid-etched to present a microrough biomimetic topography. An ultrathin (90 ± 16 nm) conformal, titania-based surface layer was first formed by thermal oxidation (600 °C, 6 h, air). A calciothermic reduction (CaR) reaction (700 °C, 1 h) was then used to convert the surface titania (TiO2) into thin layers of calcia (CaO, 77 ± 16 nm) and titanium (Ti, 51 ± 20 nm). Selective dissolution of the CaO layer (3 M acetic acid, 40 min) then yielded a thin nanoporous/nanorough Ti-based surface layer. The changes in surface nanostructure/chemistry after each step were confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and mass change analyses. In vitro studies indicated that human MSCs on CaR-modified microrough surfaces exhibited increased protein expression associated with osteoblast differentiation and promoted osteogenesis compared to unmodified microrough surfaces (increases of 387% in osteopontin, 210% in osteocalcin, 282% in bone morphogenic protein 2, 150% in bone morphogenic protein 4, 265% in osteoprotegerin, and 191% in vascular endothelial growth factor). This work suggests that this CaR-based technique can provide biomimetic topography on all biologically facing surfaces of complex, porous, additively manufactured TiAl6V4 implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Ogura
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael B. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Pavan Srivas
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sunghwan Hwang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (B.D.B.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (B.D.B.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Kenneth H. Sandhage
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (B.D.B.); (K.H.S.)
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Investigation of the process intergrowth of bone tissue into the hole in titanium implants (Experimental research). Injury 2022; 53:2741-2748. [PMID: 35667886 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the use of modern implants, complications such as nonunion and avascular necrosis of the femoral head are observed in femoral neck fractures (FNF). We have created a new perforated I-beam implant for FNF osteosynthesis and developed a new osteosynthesis philosophy based not only on the mechanical and biomechanical interaction of the bone-implant system, but also on the interaction of the biological properties of the bone and the implant. The purpose of the work is to study the interaction of the biological process of the bone - its regeneration (germination) of bone tissue into the holes of the implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out on fourteen Chinchilla rabbits in accordance with all international standards. A perforated implant specially made of titanium (ChM, Poland) was surgically implanted into the proximal femur. The implant measurements were as follows: length - 6 mm, width - 3 mm, thickness - 2 mm, 2 holes with a diameter of 2 mm. The 14 rabbits were divided into 7 groups. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 12 weeks the animals were withdrawn from the experiment according to the standard rules in sequential order. The preparations were placed in a formalin solution and sent to the pathomorphology laboratory (CITO, Russia) for histological studies. RESULTS Weekly histopathological studies revealed a gradual transition from the organization of a hematoma to the formation of mature bone tissue in the holes of the implants. The titanium implant is bioinert and did not cause any visible reactions from the bone tissue. Simultaneous integration of vascular proliferation and newly formed bone tissue into the implant holes were revealed. On 10-12-week preparations, the formation of trabecular structures of mature bone tissue was revealed in the holes of the implants and elements of adipose and bone marrow tissue were observed. Macroscopic examination of 4-5-week preparations showed almost complete filling of the holes with bone tissue. On 10-12-week preparations, the bone tissue in the holes of the implants did not differ from the bone tissue surrounding the implant. The processes of formation of mature bone tissue in the holes of the implants were similar to the processes of physiological bone healing (regeneration) at the fracture site. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results show the following: 1.The titanium implant is bioinert and does not cause any visible reactions from the bone tissue; 2. There is a gradual process of formation of new vessels, and then the formation of new bone tissue in the holes of the implant instead of the one damaged during implantation. Thus, the results of this experiment indirectly confirm our assumption that a perforated implant for FNF osteosynthesis will participate not only in the mechanical and biomechanical interaction of the bone-implant system, but will also include the 3rd element in this system - the biological properties of the bone itself. We assume that these properties of the new implant will increase blood flow in the femoral neck and partially replenish the volume of bone tissue destroyed during osteosynthesis which does not occur with FNF osteosynthesis by any of the known implants.
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Fernández-Lizárraga M, García-López J, Rodil SE, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Silva-Bermudez P. Evaluation of the Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Properties of Metal Oxide Coatings Applied by Magnetron Sputtering as Potential Biofunctional Surface Modifications for Orthopedic Implants. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155240. [PMID: 35955174 PMCID: PMC9369574 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with adequate properties to direct a biological response are essential for orthopedic and dental implants. The surface properties are responsible for the biological response; thus, coatings with biologically relevant properties such as osteoinduction are exciting options to tailor the surface of different bulk materials. Metal oxide coatings such as TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 have been suggested as promising for orthopedic and dental implants. However, a comparative study among them is still missing to select the most promising for bone-growth-related applications. In this work, using magnetron sputtering, TiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, and Nb2O5 thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates. The coatings were characterized by Optical Profilometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Water Contact Angle measurements, and Surface Free Energy calculations. The cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and differentiation toward the osteoblastic phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells plated on the coatings were measured to define the biological response. Results confirmed that all coatings were biocompatible. However, a more significant number of cells and proliferative cells were observed on Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 compared to TiO2 and ZrO2. Nevertheless, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 seemed to induce cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic phenotype in a longer cell culture time than TiO2 and ZrO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernández-Lizárraga
- Posgrado de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Producción y Control de Biológicos, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Julieta García-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Sandra E. Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Posgrado de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Producción y Control de Biológicos, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.R.-A.); (P.S.-B.)
| | - Phaedra Silva-Bermudez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.M.R.-A.); (P.S.-B.)
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10
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The Biological Basis for Surface-dependent Regulation of Osteogenesis and Implant Osseointegration. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:e894-e898. [PMID: 35383608 PMCID: PMC9464448 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells are regulated by the chemical and physical features of a biomaterial surface. When grown on titanium (Ti) and Ti alloy surfaces, such as titanium-aluminum-vanadium, with specific topographies that mimic the microscale, mesoscale, and nanoscale features of an osteoclast resorption pit, they undergo a rapid change in cell shape to assume a columnar morphology typical of a secretory osteoblast. These cells exhibit markers associated with an osteoblast phenotype, including osteocalcin and osteopontin, and they secrete factors associated with osteogenesis, including bone morphogenetic protein 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neurotrophic semaphorins. The pathway involves a shift in integrin expression from α5β1 to α2β1 and signaling by Wnt5a rather than Wnt3a. Conditioned media from these cultures can stimulate vasculogenesis by human endothelial cells and osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells not grown on the biomimetic substrate, suggesting that the surface could promote osteogenesis in vivo through similar mechanisms. In vivo studies using a variety of animal models confirm that implants with biomimetic surfaces result in improved osseointegration compared with Ti implants with smooth surfaces, as do meta-analyses comparing clinical performance of implant surface topographies.
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11
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Zhang X, Li Y, Luo X, Ding Y. Enhancing antibacterial property of porous titanium surfaces with silver nanoparticles coatings via electron-beam evaporation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:57. [PMID: 35737197 PMCID: PMC9226093 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity is one of the most vital characteristics for Titanium (Ti) dental implants. Coating antibacterial material onto Ti surfaces is an effective approach to enhance their intrinsic antibacterial ability. However, a cost-effective but efficient coating strategy for realizing this objective still remains challenging. In this study, we proposed a novel implant surface modification strategy for coating silver nanoparticles onto the porous Ti surface via a facile electron beam evaporation (EBE) approach. Porous Ti surfaces were firstly prepared by sand-blasting large grit acid-etching (SLA) process. Then, the silver nanoparticles coating thickness on the porous Ti surface was adjusted and optimized by altering the duration of EBE process. Consequently, composite porous Ti surfaces with different silver thicknesses were synthesized. Polished Ti (PT) surface without SLA or EBE process was also prepared as the controlled blank group. The surface characterizations were analyzed by SEM, AFM, and XPS. After that, the antibacterial properties of all groups were tested with bacteria counting method, bacterial viability test, live/dead bacterial staining, and SEM examination. Results show that silver nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the porous Ti surfaces after the SLA and EBE processes. After being incorporated with silver nanoparticles, the composite surfaces successfully inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibacterial ratio (AR) values of SLA-Ag groups increased with the increasing silver thickness and are significantly higher than those of PT and SLA groups. Therefore, by the SLA and EBE processes, the composite porous Ti surfaces modified with silver nanoparticles coatings demonstrate superior antibacterial property compared with pure Ti surfaces, which is highly promising for enhancing the antibacterial functions of dental implants. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoxu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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12
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A Review of Biomimetic Topographies and Their Role in Promoting Bone Formation and Osseointegration: Implications for Clinical Use. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7020046. [PMID: 35466263 PMCID: PMC9036271 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metallic and polymeric materials for implants has been increasing over the past decade. This trend can be attributed to a variety of factors including a significant increase in basic science research focused on implant material characteristics and how various surface modifications may stimulate osseointegration and, ultimately, fusion. There are many interbody fusion devices and dental implants commercially available; however, detailed information about their surface properties, and the effects that various materials and surface modifications may have on osteogenesis, is lacking in the literature. While the concept of bone-implant osseointegration is a relatively recent addition to the spine fusion literature, there is a comparatively large body of literature related to dental implants. The purpose of this article is to summarize the science of surface modified bone-facing implants, focusing on biomimetic material chemistry and topography of titanium implants, to promote a better understanding of how these characteristics may impact bone formation and osseointegration. This manuscript has the following aspects: highlights the role of titanium and its alloys as potent osteoconductive bioactive materials; explores the importance of biomimetic surface topography at the macro-, micro- and nano-scale; summarizes how material surface design can influence osteogenesis and immune responses in vitro; focuses on the kinds of surface modifications that play a role in the process. Biomimetic surface modifications can be varied across many clinically available biomaterials, and the literature supports the hypothesis that those biomaterial surfaces that exhibit physical properties of bone resorption pits, such as roughness and complex hierarchical structures at the submicron and nanoscale, are more effective in supporting osteoblast differentiation in vitro and osteogenesis in vivo.
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13
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Toop N, Gifford C, Motiei-Langroudi R, Farzadi A, Boulter D, Forghani R, Farhadi HF. Can activated titanium interbody cages accelerate or enhance spinal fusion? a review of the literature and a design for clinical trials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 33:1. [PMID: 34921610 PMCID: PMC8684547 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While spinal interbody cage options have proliferated in the past decade, relatively little work has been done to explore the comparative potential of biomaterial technologies in promoting stable fusion. Innovations such as micro-etching and nano-architectural designs have shown purported benefits in in vitro studies, but lack clinical data describing their optimal implementation. Here, we critically assess the pre-clinical data supportive of various commercially available interbody cage biomaterial, topographical, and structural designs. We describe in detail the osteointegrative and osteoconductive benefits conferred by these modifications with a focus on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium (Ti) interbody implants. Further, we describe the rationale and design for two randomized controlled trials, which aim to address the paucity of clinical data available by comparing interbody fusion outcomes between either PEEK or activated Ti lumbar interbody cages. Utilizing dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), these studies will evaluate the relative implant-bone integration and fusion rates achieved by either micro-etched Ti or standard PEEK interbody devices. Taken together, greater understanding of the relative osseointegration profile at the implant-bone interface of cages with distinct topographies will be crucial in guiding the rational design of further studies and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Toop
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Connor Gifford
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Arghavan Farzadi
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Boulter
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Reza Forghani
- Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Francis Farhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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14
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Berger MB, Bosh KB, Jacobs TW, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Growth factors produced by bone marrow stromal cells on nanoroughened titanium-aluminum-vanadium surfaces program distal MSCs into osteoblasts via BMP2 signaling. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1908-1920. [PMID: 33002223 PMCID: PMC8012402 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Statement of Clinical Significance: There remains the need to develop materials and surfaces that can increase the rate of implant osseointegration. Though osteoanabolic agents, like bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), can provide signaling for osteogenesis, the appropriate design of implants can also produce an innate cellular response that may reduce or eliminate the need to use additional agents to stimulate bone formation. Studies show that titanium implant surfaces that mimic the physical properties of osteoclast resorption pits regulate cellular responses of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) by altering cell morphology, transcriptomes, and local factor production to increase their differentiation into osteoblasts without osteogenic media supplements required for differentiation of MSCs on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The goal of this study was to determine how cells in contact with biomimetic implant surfaces regulate the microenvironment around these surfaces in vitro. Two different approaches were used. First, unidirectional signaling was assessed by treating human MSCs grown on TCPS with conditioned media from MSC cultures grown on Ti6Al4V biomimetic surfaces. In the second set of studies, bidirectional signaling was assessed by coculturing MSCs grown on mesh inserts that were placed into culture wells in which MSCs were grown on the biomimetic Ti6Al4V substrates. The results show that biomimetic Ti6Al4V surface properties induce MSCs to produce factors within 7 days of culture that stimulate MSCs not in contact with the surface to exhibit an osteoblast phenotype via endogenous BMP2 acting in a paracrine signaling manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kyla B. Bosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas W. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D. Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Hunt JP, Begley MR, Block JE. Truss implant technology™ for interbody fusion in spinal degenerative disorders: profile of advanced structural design, mechanobiologic and performance characteristics. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:707-715. [PMID: 34160337 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1947244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Interbody fusion devices are customarily used in fusion of the anterior spinal column for treatment of degenerative disc disease. Their traditional role is to reestablish and maintain intervertebral disc height, contain bone graft and provide mechanical support for the spine while osseointegration takes place. Utilizing the principles of mechanobiology, a unique biokinetic interbody fusion device has been developed that employs an advanced structural design to facilitate and actively participate in the fusion consolidation process.Areas covered: This article profiles and characterizes 4WEB Medical's Truss Implant Technology™ which includes a range of 3D-printed titanium spinal interbody implants and non-spinal implants whose design is based on truss structures enabled by advances in additive manufacturing. Four main areas of the implant design and functionality are detailed: bio-architecture, mechanobiologic underpinnings, bioactive surface features, and subsidence resistance. Pre-clinical and clinical examples are provided to describe and specify the bioactive roles and contributions of each design feature.Expert opinion: The distinct and unique combination of features incorporated within the truss cage design results in a biokinetic implant that actively participates in the bone healing cascade and fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Begley
- Department of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
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16
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Careta O, Fornell J, Pellicer E, Ibañez E, Blanquer A, Esteve J, Sort J, Murillo G, Nogués C. ZnO Nanosheet-Coated TiZrPdSiNb Alloy as a Piezoelectric Hybrid Material for Self-Stimulating Orthopedic Implants. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040352. [PMID: 33808338 PMCID: PMC8065972 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A Ti-based alloy (Ti45Zr15Pd30Si5Nb5) with already proven excellent mechanical and biocompatibility features has been coated with piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) to induce the electrical self-stimulation of cells. ZnO was grown onto the pristine alloy in two different morphologies: a flat dense film and an array of nanosheets. The effect of the combined material on osteoblasts (electrically stimulable cells) was analyzed in terms of proliferation, cell adhesion, expression of differentiation markers and induction of calcium transients. Although both ZnO structures were biocompatible and did not induce inflammatory response, only the array of ZnO nanosheets was able to induce calcium transients, which improved the proliferation of Saos-2 cells and enhanced the expression of some early differentiation expression genes. The usual motion of the cells imposes strain to the ZnO nanosheets, which, in turn, create local electric fields owing to their piezoelectric character. These electric fields cause the opening of calcium voltage gates and boost cell proliferation and early differentiation. Thus, the modification of the Ti45Zr15Pd30Si5Nb5 surface with an array of ZnO nanosheets endows the alloy with smart characteristics, making it capable of electric self-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Careta
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (O.C.); (E.I.); (A.B.)
| | - Jordina Fornell
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (J.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (J.F.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.N.); Tel.: +34-935812776 (C.N.)
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (O.C.); (E.I.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreu Blanquer
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (O.C.); (E.I.); (A.B.)
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/del Til·lers, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain;
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (J.F.); (J.S.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E-08180 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Murillo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/del Til·lers, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.N.); Tel.: +34-935812776 (C.N.)
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (O.C.); (E.I.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.N.); Tel.: +34-935812776 (C.N.)
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17
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Effects of Heat Treatment of Selective Laser Melting Printed Ti-6Al-4V Specimens on Surface Texture Parameters and Cell Attachment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is extensively used for fabricating metallic biomedical products. After 3D printing, it is almost always advisable to apply a heat treatment to release the internal tensions or optimize the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of heat treatment of SLM printed Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) circular specimens on the areal surface texture parameters and cell attachment. Areal surface texture parameters, including the arithmetic mean height (Sa), root-mean-square height (Sq), skewness (Ssk), and kurtosis (Sku) were characterized. In addition, wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis was applied to investigate the characteristic length scales of untreated and heat-treated Ti64 specimens. In this study, the vertical distance between the highest and lowest position of cell attachment for each sampling area was defined as ΔH. Results showed that an increase in the periodic characteristic length scale was primarily due to the formation of large-scale aggregations of Ti64 metal powder particles on the heat-treated surface. In addition, MG-63 cells preferred lying in concave hollows; in heat-treated specimens, values of ΔH statistically significantly decreased from 31.6 ± 4.2 to 8.8 ± 2.8 μm, while Sku decreased from 3.3 ± 1.4 to 2.6 ± 0.6, indicating a strong influence of Sku on cell attachment.
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Abstract
Biomechanical function, specifically implantation technique and immediate surgical fixation, of orthopaedic implants is the primary consideration during the development of orthopaedic implants. Biologic and material characteristics are additional factors to include in the design process because of the direct impact on short- and long-term implant performance. The body's initial interaction with implant materials can affect protein- and cell-based function, thereby either promoting or impeding osseointegration. An understanding and inclusion of the biologic response, material surface morphology, and material surface chemistry in implant design is crucial because these factors ultimately determine implant function and patient outcomes. Highlighting the biologic- and material-related advantages and inadequacies of current and potential implant materials as well as applications may guide further research and development of implant materials and designs.
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19
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Rahmati M, Silva EA, Reseland JE, A Heyward C, Haugen HJ. Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5178-5224. [PMID: 32642749 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. h.j.haugen.odont.uio.no
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20
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Wang G, Chen P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Reinach PS, Xue Y, Liu Z, Li C. Onion Epithelial Membrane Scaffolds Transfer Corneal Epithelial Layers in Reconstruction Surgery. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000469. [PMID: 32548957 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants and their extracts have been used especially in China for more than ten centuries for preventing and treating disease. However, there are only few reports describing their use in animal cell culture and tissue transplantation. In this study, onion epithelial membranes (OEM) is used as scaffolds to support cultures of a variety of cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells notably; they maintain the phenotypic characteristics of corneal epithelial cells. This improvement includes preservation of the proliferative potential and stemness of rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs). Such an outcome suggests that this cost-effective technology warrants further evaluation to determine if OEM is a viable candidate for use as scaffolds in corneal epithelial transplantation surgery. To test this possibility, rabbit corneal epithelial cells expanded on OEM are transplanted to treat corneal epithelial defects in limbal stem cell deficient rabbits. This procedure is successful because it shortens the time required for wound healing to restore losses in corneal epithelial integrity, and forms a more compact and stratified epithelium framework than the untreated group. Ultimately, should they be proven to be effective in other relevant animal model systems, their usefulness for treating wounds in a clinical setting warrants consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Pei Chen
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Peter S. Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
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21
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Avery SJ, Ayre WN, Sloan AJ, Waddington RJ. Interrogating the Osteogenic Potential of Implant SurfacesIn Vitro: A Review of Current Assays. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:217-229. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven James Avery
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair James Sloan
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Jane Waddington
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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22
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Berger MB, Jacobs TW, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Hot isostatic pressure treatment of 3D printed Ti6Al4V alters surface modifications and cellular response. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1262-1273. [PMID: 31469519 PMCID: PMC7048629 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing can be used to create personalized orthopedic and dental implants with varying geometries and porosities meant to mimic morphological properties of bone. These qualities can alleviate stress shielding and increase osseointegration through bone ingrowth, but at the expense of reduced fatigue properties compared to machined implants, and potential for loose build particle erosion. Hot isostatic pressure (HIP) treatment is used to increase fatigue resistance; implant surface treatments like grit-blasting and acid-etching create microroughness and reduce the presence of loose particles. However, it is not known how HIP treatment affects surface treatments and osseointegration of the implant to bone. We manufactured two titanium-aluminum-vanadium constructs, one with simple through-and-through porosity and one possessing complex trabecular bone-like porosity. We observed HIP treatment varied in effect and was dependent on architecture. Micro/meso/nano surface properties generated by grit-blasting and acid-etching were altered on biomimetic HIP-treated constructs. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on constructs fabricated +/- HIP and subsequently surface-treated. MSCs were sensitive to 3D-architecture, exhibiting greater osteogenic differentiation on constructs with complex trabecular bone-like porosity. HIP-treatment did not alter the osteogenic response of MSCs to these constructs. Thus, HIP may provide mechanical and biological advantages during implant osseointegration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284, USA
| | - Thomas W. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Wei T, Li J, Sun H, Jiang M, Yang Y, Luo X, Liu T. Verification of osteoblast differentiation on airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched surface of titanium implants regulated by yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:431-440. [PMID: 31327805 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface technology can promote implant osseointegration; its mechanism remains unclear. By preparing the SLA titanium (Ti) plate (SLA Ti) and Polished Ti plate (Polished Ti), this experiment investigates the expression and distribution of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, gene YAP and TAZ silencing on the SLA Ti was conducted to observe changes in the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). The results demonstrated that SLA Ti surface microtopography could induce YAP/TAZ's transfer from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of YAP/TAZ increased in terms of mRNA and protein. After silencing the YAP/TAZ genes, Runx2 and BSP decreased, suggesting that YAP/TAZ plays an important regulatory role in this process. Meanwhile, the results also showed that SLA microtopography enhanced the expression of integrins α1, α2, and β1. After silencing the integrin α1, α2, and β1 genes, YAP and TAZ decreased in terms of mRNA and protein. Therefore, this experiment was the first to confirm that SLA surface microtopography facilitates osteoblast differentiation by regulating YAP/TAZ and confirms that the process can be related to integrins α1, α2, and β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Huiqiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Xiayan Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Tingsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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Schnell G, Staehlke S, Duenow U, Nebe JB, Seitz H. Femtosecond Laser Nano/Micro Textured Ti6Al4V Surfaces-Effect on Wetting and MG-63 Cell Adhesion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2210. [PMID: 31323960 PMCID: PMC6650973 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nano- and microstructured titanium surfaces have recently attracted attention in the field of regenerative medicine because of the influence which surface characteristics such as roughness and wettability can have on cellular processes. This study focuses on the correlation of surface properties (wettability and nano/micro texture) of laser-structured Ti6Al4V samples with pronounced cell adhesion. Samples were structured with multiple laser parameters in order to create a range of surface properties. Surface characterization was performed by contact angle measurements 1 and 7 days after laser processing. The arithmetic mean roughness of the material surface in an area (Sa) was determined by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Immediately after wettability tests of the laser-structured surfaces, in vitro experiments with human MG-63 osteoblasts were carried out. For this purpose, the cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization were analyzed using CLSM and scanning electron microscopy. On rough microstructures with deep cavities, the cell growth and spreading were inhibited. An improved cellular adhesion and growth on nanostructured and sinusoidal microstructured surfaces could be demonstrated, regardless of hydrophilicity of the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schnell
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Deptartment of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrike Duenow
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Deptartment of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Deptartment Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Deptartment Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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25
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Cheng BC, Koduri S, Wing CA, Woolery N, Cook DJ, Spiro RC. Porous titanium-coated polyetheretherketone implants exhibit an improved bone-implant interface: an in vitro and in vivo biochemical, biomechanical, and histological study. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2018; 11:391-402. [PMID: 30464653 PMCID: PMC6211303 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s180482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Spinal interbody fusion cages are designed to provide immediate stabilization for adjoining vertebrae and ideally enable bony ingrowth to achieve successful integration. For such an implant, cells must be able to attach, move, grow, and differentiate on its surface. These cellular interactions are dependent on how the implant surface enables the coating and binding of blood and tissue fluid proteins that support cell adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo osteoblast cell–implant surface interactions that result in osseointegration onto a surface composed of plasma-sprayed titanium on a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate or titanium-coated PEEK (Ti-PEEK) (PlasmaporeXP®) as compared to uncoated PEEK implants. Materials and methods The influence of the Ti-PEEK surface modification on the biochemical, biomechanical, and histological properties at the bone–implant interface is demonstrated both in vitro using simulated bone-forming cell culture experiments and in vivo using a 12- and 24-week ovine implant model. Results Osteoblast-like cells attached to the Ti-PEEK surface upregulated early bone-forming activity as measured by an increase in transcription and translation of ALP and BMP-2 when compared to cells on PEEK. Similarly, a significant increase in new bone formation, bony apposition, and pullout strength was demonstrated on Ti-PEEK implants when compared to PEEK implants at 12 and 24 weeks in an ovine implant in vivo model. Conclusion The study shows that the Ti-PEEK surface demonstrated enhanced osseointegrative properties compared to PEEK both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyle C Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Charles A Wing
- Research and Development, Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, Breinigsville, PA 18031, USA,
| | - Natalie Woolery
- Research and Development, Aesculap Biologics, LLC, Breinigsville, PA 18031, USA
| | - Daniel J Cook
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Robert C Spiro
- Research and Development, Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, Breinigsville, PA 18031, USA, .,Research and Development, Aesculap Biologics, LLC, Breinigsville, PA 18031, USA
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26
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He J, Sun C, Gu Z, Yang Y, Gu M, Xue C, Xie Z, Ren H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Ding F, Leong KW, Gu X. Morphology, Migration, and Transcriptome Analysis of Schwann Cell Culture on Butterfly Wings with Different Surface Architectures. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9660-9668. [PMID: 30125084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that material surface topography greatly affects cell attachment, growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for cell-material interactions are still not understood well. Here, two kinds of butterfly wings with different surface architectures were employed for addressing such an issue. Papilio ulysses telegonus (P.u.t.) butterfly wing surface is composed of micro/nanoconcaves, whereas Morpho menelaus (M.m.) butterfly wings are decorated with grooves. RSC96 cells grown on M.m. wings showed a regular sorting pattern along with the grooves. On the contrary, the cells seeded on P.u.t. wings exhibited random arrangement. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that huntingtin (Htt)-regulated lysosome activity is a potential key factor for determining cell growth behavior on M.m. butterfly wings. Gene silence further confirmed this notion. In vivo experiments showed that the silicone tubes fabricated with M.m. wings markedly facilitate rat sciatic nerve regeneration after injury. Lysosome activity and Htt expression were greatly increased in the M.m. wing-fabricated graft-bridged nerves. Collectively, our data provide a theoretical basis for employing butterfly wings to construct biomimetic nerve grafts and establish Htt lysosome as a crucial regulator for cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong He
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Miao Gu
- Chengde Medical College , Chengde 067000 , China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Hechun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
- Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
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27
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Yuan Q, He L, Qian ZJ, Zhou C, Hong P, Wang Z, Wang Y, Sun S, Li C. Significantly Accelerated Osteoblast Cell Growth on TiO 2/SrHA Composite Mediated by Phenolic Compounds (BHM) from Hippocamp us kuda Bleeler. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30214-30226. [PMID: 30113815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of hydroxyapatite is known to influence cellular behavior, can be used as a substrate for osteoblast growth, and exploited as a drug-release platform. However, easy delamination and self-decomposition of hydroxyapatite caused by poor adhesion with substrates are the main problems currently. In this paper, we successfully fabricated titanium dioxide/strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (TiO2/SrHA) composite scaffolds by self-generated strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres in TiO2 nanotubes. Moreover, the active compound 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone (BHM) from Seahorse ( Hippocampus kuda Bleeler) was loaded in this scaffold, and the controlled release kinetics of BHM was studied. It was found that in the first 5 h, the release concentration and time of BHM had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient reached 0.98. TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites exhibited favorable cytocompatibility at a given concentration of BHM (20 μmol/L). Compared to pure SrHA, TiO2 nanotubes, and traditional TiO2/SrHA composites, superior cytocompatibility (cell adhesion and proliferation) of MC3T3-E1 was obtained on TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites. The expression levels of osteogenic marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen I are also upregulated to varying degrees. This TiO2/SrHA composite scaffold-mediated phenolic compound BHM could be applied in bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen 518108 , China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen 518108 , China
- Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen 518108 , China
- Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077 , China
| | | | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen 518108 , China
- Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
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28
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Abstract
UNLABELLED : In this historical study we present an overview of lumbar interbody fusion surgery, which is one of the most commonly performed instrumented spinal fusion surgeries. The present article focuses on the history of lumbar interbody fusion surgery, starting from the foundation which was laid in the 19th and 20th century until today. The development of material and techniques evolved from simple wiring to the combination of transforaminal interbody fusion with polyether ether ketone cages and pedicle screw fixation with poly axial screws. The possibilities of instrumented spinal fusion grew during the past 100 years, and a considerable increase in instrumented spinal surgery was seen over the past decades. Today, gain lies in perfection of techniques and deliberate indication and development of guidelines. Therefore, more standardized studies on instrumented spinal surgery are needed to be done and techniques should be personalized on the patients' specific needs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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29
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Goriainov V, Cook RB, Murray JW, Walker JC, Dunlop DG, Clare AT, Oreffo ROC. Human Skeletal Stem Cell Response to Multiscale Topography Induced by Large Area Electron Beam Irradiation Surface Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30087890 PMCID: PMC6066554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthcare socio-economic environment is irreversibly changing as a consequence of an increasing aging population, consequent functional impairment, and patient quality of life expectations. The increasing complexity of ensuing clinical scenarios compels a critical search for novel musculoskeletal regenerative and replacement strategies. While joint arthroplasty is a highly effective treatment for arthritis and osteoporosis, further innovation and refinement of uncemented implants are essential in order to improve implant integration and reduce implant revision rate. This is critical given financial restraints and the drive to improve cost-effectiveness and quality of life outcomes. Multi-scale modulation of implant surfaces, offers an innovative approach to enhancement in implant performance. In the current study, we have examined the potential of large area electron beam melting to alter the surface nanotopography in titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). We evaluated the in vitro osteogenic response of human skeletal stem cells to the resultant nanotopography, providing evidence of the relationship between the biological response, particularly Collagen type I and Osteocalcin gene activation, and surface nanoroughness. The current studies demonstrate osteogenic gene induction and morphological cell changes to be significantly enhanced on a topography Ra of ~40 nm with clinical implications therein for implant surface treatment and generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Goriainov
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B. Cook
- Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Murray
- Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Walker
- Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas G. Dunlop
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Adam T. Clare
- Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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30
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Pellegrini G, Francetti L, Barbaro B, del Fabbro M. Novel surfaces and osseointegration in implant dentistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12349. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Bruno Barbaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences; University of the Study of Milan; Milan Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Care with a Scientific Character (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
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31
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Olivares-Navarrete R, Williams JK, Cochran DL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Human osteoblasts exhibit sexual dimorphism in their response to estrogen on microstructured titanium surfaces. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29970177 PMCID: PMC6029108 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osseointegration is dependent on the implant surface, surrounding bone quality, and the systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. Titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surfaces exhibit greater pullout strength when compared to smooth-surfaced implants and exhibit enhanced osteogenic cellular responses in vitro. Previous studies showed that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] has a greater effect on rat osteoblast differentiation on microstructured Ti compared to smooth Ti surfaces and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The stimulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on differentiation is observed in female osteoblasts on micro-rough Ti, but it is not known if male osteoblasts behave similarly in response to E2 and microtopography. This study assessed whether human male and female osteoblasts exhibit sex-specific differences in response to E2 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 when cultured on microstructured Ti surfaces. METHODS Osteoblasts from three male and three female human donors were cultured on Ti discs with varying surface profiles: a smooth pretreatment (PT), a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA), and an SLA surface having undergone modification in a nitrogen environment and stored in saline to maintain hydrophilicity (modSLA). Cells cultured on these surfaces were treated with E2 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. RESULTS Male and female human osteoblasts responded similarly to microstructure although there were donor-specific differences; cell number decreased, and osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and latent and active transforming growth factor 1 increased on SLA and modSLA compared to TCPS. Female osteoblasts had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN production than male counterparts but produced less OPG. Both sexes responded similarly to 1α,25(OH)2D3. E2 treatment reduced cell number and increased osteoblast differentiation and factor production only in female cells. CONCLUSIONS Male and female human osteoblasts respond similarly to microstructure and 1α,25(OH)2D3 but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to E2. E2 affected female osteoblasts, suggesting that signaling is sex-specific and surface-dependent. Donor osteoblasts varied in response, demonstrating the need to test multiple donors when examining human samples. Understanding how male and female cells respond to orthopedic biomaterials will enable greater predictability post-implantation as well as therapies that are more patient-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | | | - David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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32
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Zhao C, Wang X, Gao L, Jing L, Zhou Q, Chang J. The role of the micro-pattern and nano-topography of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:509-521. [PMID: 29678674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The micro/nano hybrid structure is considered to be a biomaterial characteristic to stimulate osteogenesis by mimicking the three-dimensional structure of the bone matrix. However, the mechanism of the hybrid structure induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is still unknown. For elucidating the mechanisms, one of the challenge is to directly fabricate micro/nano hybrid structure on bioceramics because of its brittleness. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure were firstly fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment and template method, and the effect of the different surface structures on the expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication was investigated. Interestingly, the results suggested that the osteogenic differentiation induced by micro/nano structures was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, while activated BMP2 could in turn activate integrins and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The micro/nano hybrid structure has been found to have synergistic bioactivity on osteogenesis. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate the hybrid structure directly on the bioceramics, and the role of micro- and nano-structure, in particular the mechanism of the micro/nano-hybrid structure induced stem cell differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we firstly fabricated hydroxyapatite bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure, and then investigated the effect of different surface structure on expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication. Interestingly, we found that the osteogenic differentiation induced by structure was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, and activated BMP2 could in turn activate some integrin subunits and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect.
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33
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Lin N, Li D, Zou J, Xie R, Wang Z, Tang B. Surface Texture-Based Surface Treatments on Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloys for Tribological and Biological Applications: A Mini Review. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040487. [PMID: 29587358 PMCID: PMC5951333 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface texture (ST) has been confirmed as an effective and economical surface treatment technique that can be applied to a great range of materials and presents growing interests in various engineering fields. Ti6Al4V which is the most frequently and successfully used titanium alloy has long been restricted in tribological-related operations due to the shortcomings of low surface hardness, high friction coefficient, and poor abrasive wear resistance. Ti6Al4V has benefited from surface texture-based surface treatments over the last decade. This review begins with a brief introduction, analysis approaches, and processing methods of surface texture. The specific applications of the surface texture-based surface treatments for improving surface performance of Ti6Al4V are thoroughly reviewed from the point of view of tribology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiming Lin
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structure Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Dali Li
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiaojuan Zou
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ruizhen Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structure Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bin Tang
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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Tang D, Yang LY, Ou KL, Oreffo ROC. Repositioning Titanium: An In Vitro Evaluation of Laser-Generated Microporous, Microrough Titanium Templates As a Potential Bridging Interface for Enhanced Osseointegration and Durability of Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 29322044 PMCID: PMC5732141 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although titanium alloys remain the preferred biomaterials for the manufacture of biomedical implants today, such devices can fail within 15 years of implantation due to inadequate osseointegration. Furthermore, wear debris toxicity due to alloy metal ion release has been found to cause side-effects including neurotoxicity and chronic inflammation. Titanium, with its known biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and high elastic modulus, could if harnessed in the form of a superficial scaffold or bridging device, resolve such issues. A novel three-dimensional culture approach was used to investigate the potential osteoinductive and osseointegrative capabilities of a laser-generated microporous, microrough medical grade IV titanium template on human skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Human SSCs seeded on a rough 90-µm pore surface of ethylene oxide-sterilized templates were observed to be strongly adherent, and to display early osteogenic differentiation, despite their inverted culture in basal conditions over 21 days. Limited cellular migration across the template surface highlighted the importance of high surface wettability in maximizing cell adhesion, spreading and cell-biomaterial interaction, while restricted cell ingrowth within the conical-shaped pores underlined the crucial role of pore geometry and size in determining the extent of osseointegration of an implant device. The overall findings indicate that titanium only devices, with appropriate optimizations to porosity and surface wettability, could yet play a major role in improving the long-term efficacy, durability, and safety of future implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tang
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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36
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Santoro F, Zhao W, Joubert LM, Duan L, Schnitker J, van de Burgt Y, Lou HY, Liu B, Salleo A, Cui L, Cui Y, Cui B. Revealing the Cell-Material Interface with Nanometer Resolution by Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8320-8328. [PMID: 28682058 PMCID: PMC5806611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interface between cells and nonbiological surfaces regulates cell attachment, chronic tissue responses, and ultimately the success of medical implants or biosensors. Clinical and laboratory studies show that topological features of the surface profoundly influence cellular responses; for example, titanium surfaces with nano- and microtopographical structures enhance osteoblast attachment and host-implant integration as compared to a smooth surface. To understand how cells and tissues respond to different topographical features, it is of critical importance to directly visualize the cell-material interface at the relevant nanometer length scale. Here, we present a method for in situ examination of the cell-to-material interface at any desired location, based on focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging to resolve the cell membrane-to-material interface with 10 nm resolution. By examining how cell membranes interact with topographical features such as nanoscale protrusions or invaginations, we discovered that the cell membrane readily deforms inward and wraps around protruding structures, but hardly deforms outward to contour invaginating structures. This asymmetric membrane response (inward vs outward deformation) causes the cleft width between the cell membrane and the nanostructure surface to vary by more than an order of magnitude. Our results suggest that surface topology is a crucial consideration for the development of medical implants or biosensors whose performances are strongly influenced by the cell-to-material interface. We anticipate that the method can be used to explore the direct interaction of cells/tissue with medical devices such as metal implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santoro
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Correspondence to: ,
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | | | - Liting Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Jan Schnitker
- Institute of Bioelectronics ICS/PGI-8, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, 52428, Germany
| | - Yoeri van de Burgt
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Bofei Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Lifeng Cui
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator, Menlo Park, CA94025, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Correspondence to: ,
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Huang J, Zhang X, Yan W, Chen Z, Shuai X, Wang A, Wang Y. Nanotubular topography enhances the bioactivity of titanium implants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1913-1923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Boyan BD, Cheng A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Schwartz Z. Implant Surface Design Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Maturation. Adv Dent Res 2017; 28:10-7. [PMID: 26927483 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515624444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in dental implant materials, structural design, and surface properties can all affect biological response. While bulk properties are important for mechanical stability of the implant, surface design ultimately contributes to osseointegration. This article reviews the surface parameters of dental implant materials that contribute to improved cell response and osseointegration. In particular, we focus on how surface design affects mesenchymal cell response and differentiation into the osteoblast lineage. Surface roughness has been largely studied at the microscale, but recent studies have highlighted the importance of hierarchical micron/submicron/nanosurface roughness, as well as surface roughness in combination with surface wettability. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that recognize changes in the surface and mediate downstream signaling pathways. Specifically, the noncanonical Wnt5a pathway has been implicated in osteoblastic differentiation of cells on titanium implant surfaces. However, much remains to be elucidated. Only recently have studies been conducted on the differences in biological response to implants based on sex, age, and clinical factors; these all point toward differences that advocate for patient-specific implant design. Finally, challenges in implant surface characterization must be addressed to optimize and compare data across studies. An understanding of both the science and the biology of the materials is crucial for developing novel dental implant materials and surface modifications for improved osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - R Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Z Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Griffin MF, Kalaskar DM, Seifalian A, Butler PE. An update on the Application of Nanotechnology in Bone Tissue Engineering. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:836-848. [PMID: 28217209 PMCID: PMC5299580 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural bone is a complex and hierarchical structure. Bone possesses an extracellular matrix that has a precise nano-sized environment to encourage osteoblasts to lay down bone by directing them through physical and chemical cues. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the scaffolds to mimic the native bone structure. Nanomaterials, with features on the nanoscale have shown the ability to provide the appropriate matrix environment to guide cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. Methods: This review summarises the new developments in bone tissue engineering using nanobiomaterials. The design and selection of fabrication methods and biomaterial types for bone tissue engineering will be reviewed. The interactions of cells with different nanostructured scaffolds will be discussed including nanocomposites, nanofibres and nanoparticles. Results: Several composite nanomaterials have been able to mimic the architecture of natural bone. Bioceramics biomaterials have shown to be very useful biomaterials for bone tissue engineering as they have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Nanofibrous scaffolds have the ability to provide the appropriate matrix environment as they can mimic the extracellular matrix structure of bone. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver bioactive molecules and label and track stem cells. Conclusion: Future studies to improve the application of nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Griffin
- University College London, Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - D M Kalaskar
- University College London, Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Seifalian
- University College London, Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - P E Butler
- University College London, Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Cheng A, Cohen DJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Laser-Sintered Constructs with Bio-inspired Porosity and Surface Micro/Nano-Roughness Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Matrix Mineralization In Vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:625-637. [PMID: 27501817 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct metal laser sintering can produce porous Ti-6Al-4V orthopedic and dental implants. The process requires reduced resources and time and can provide greater structural control than machine manufacturing. Implants in bone are colonized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to osseointegration. This study examined osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization of human MSCs cultured on laser-sintered Ti-6Al-4V constructs with varying porosity and at different time scales. 2D solid disks and low, medium and high porosity (LP, MP, and HP) 3D constructs based on a human trabecular bone template were laser sintered from Ti-6Al-4V powder and further processed to have micro- and nanoscale roughness. hMSCs exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation and local factor production on all 3D porous constructs compared to 2D surfaces, which was sustained for 9 days without use of exogenous factors. hMSCs cultured for 8 weeks on MP constructs in osteogenic medium (OM), OM supplemented with BMP2 or collagen-coated MP constructs in OM exhibited bone-like extracellular matrix mineralization. Use of bio-inspired porosity for the 3D architecture of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs beyond surface roughness alone. This study suggests that a 3D architecture may enhance the osseointegration of orthopedic and dental implants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Peking University Hospital Building A503, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Yin C, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Li B, Yang H, Wang H, Qi H, Zhou Y, Meng W. Effects of the micro-nano surface topography of titanium alloy on the biological responses of osteoblast. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:757-769. [PMID: 27756111 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yin
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qi
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
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Andrukhov O, Huber R, Shi B, Berner S, Rausch-Fan X, Moritz A, Spencer ND, Schedle A. Proliferation, behavior, and differentiation of osteoblasts on surfaces of different microroughness. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1374-1384. [PMID: 27637551 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Titanium surface roughness is recognized as an important parameter influencing osseointegration. However, studies concerning the effect of well-defined surface topographies of titanium surfaces on osteoblasts have been limited in scope. In the present study we have investigated how Ti surfaces of different micrometer-scale roughness influence proliferation, migration, and differentiation of osteoblasts in-vitro. METHODS Titanium replicas with surface roughnesses (Ra) of approximately 0, 1, 2, and 4μm were produced and MG-63 osteoblasts were cultured on these surfaces for up to 5 days. The effect of surface micrometer-scale roughness on proliferation, migration in time-lapse microscopy experiments, as well as the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were investigated. RESULTS Proliferation of MG-63 cells was found to decrease gradually with increasing surface roughness. However, the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and VEGF was observed on surfaces with Ra values of approximately 1 and 2μm. Further increase in surface roughness resulted in decreased expression of all investigated parameters. The cell migration speed measured in time-lapse microscopy experiments was significantly lower on surfaces with a Ra value of about 4μm, compared to those with lower roughness. No significant effect of surface roughness on the expression of OPG and RANKL was observed. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, surfaces with intermediate Ra roughness values of 1-2μm seem to be optimal for osteoblast differentiation. Neither proliferation nor differentiation of osteoblasts appears to be supported by surfaces with higher or lower Ra values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Huber
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bin Shi
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schedle
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Fonseca-García A, Pérez-Alvarez J, Barrera C, Medina J, Almaguer-Flores A, Sánchez RB, Rodil SE. The effect of simulated inflammatory conditions on the surface properties of titanium and stainless steel and their importance as biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 66:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Mani G. Macrophage responses to 316L stainless steel and cobalt chromium alloys with different surface topographies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2658-72. [PMID: 27324956 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface topography of a biomaterial plays a vital role in determining macrophage interactions and influencing immune response. In this study, we investigated the effect of smooth and microrough topographies of commonly used metallic biomaterials such as 316 L stainless steel (SS) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys on macrophage interactions. The macrophage adhesion was greater on CoCr compared to SS, irrespective of their topographies. The macrophage activation and the secretion of most pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IP-10) were greater on microrough surfaces than on smooth surfaces by day-1. However, by day-2, the macrophage activation on smooth surfaces was also significantly increased up to the same level as observed on the microrough surfaces, with more amount of cytokines secreted. The secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was significantly increased from day-1 to day-2 on all the alloy surfaces with the effect most prominently observed on microrough surfaces. The production of nitric oxide by the macrophages did not show any major substrate-dependent effect. The foreign body giant cells formed by macrophages were least observed on the microrough surfaces of CoCr. Thus, this study demonstrated that the nature of material (SS or CoCr) and their surface topographies (smooth or microrough) strongly influence the macrophage responses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2658-2672, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Gopinath Mani
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
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Iandolo D, Ravichandran A, Liu X, Wen F, Chan JKY, Berggren M, Teoh S, Simon DT. Development and Characterization of Organic Electronic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1505-12. [PMID: 27111453 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bones have been shown to exhibit piezoelectric properties, generating electrical potential upon mechanical deformation and responding to electrical stimulation with the generation of mechanical stress. Thus, the effects of electrical stimulation on bone tissue engineering have been extensively studied. However, in bone regeneration applications, only few studies have focused on the use of electroactive 3D biodegradable scaffolds at the interphase with stem cells. Here a method is described to combine the bone regeneration capabilities of 3D-printed macroporous medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with the electrical and electrochemical capabilities of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). PCL scaffolds have been highly effective in vivo as bone regeneration grafts, and PEDOT is a leading material in the field of organic bioelectronics, due to its stability, conformability, and biocompatibility. A protocol is reported for scaffolds functionalization with PEDOT, using vapor-phase polymerization, resulting in a conformal conducting layer. Scaffolds' porosity and mechanical stability, important for in vivo bone regeneration applications, are retained. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells proliferation is assessed on the functionalized scaffolds, showing the cytocompatibility of the polymeric coating. Altogether, these results show the feasibility of the proposed approach to obtain electroactive scaffolds for electrical stimulation of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Iandolo
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
| | | | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping SE‐581 83 Sweden
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 637459 Singapore
| | - Jerry K. Y. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Department of Reproductive Medicine KK Women's and Children's Hospital 229899 Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School 169857 Singapore
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
| | - Swee‐Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 637459 Singapore
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
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Blanquer A, Hynowska A, Nogués C, Ibáñez E, Sort J, Baró MD, Özkale B, Pané S, Pellicer E, Barrios L. Effect of Surface Modifications of Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd12 Bulk Metallic Glass and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy on Human Osteoblasts In Vitro Biocompatibility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156644. [PMID: 27243628 PMCID: PMC4887090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biocompatible materials, including bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), for tissue regeneration and transplantation is increasing. The good mechanical and corrosion properties of Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd12 BMG and its previously described biocompatibility makes it a potential candidate for medical applications. However, it is known that surface properties like topography might play an important role in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Thus, in the present study, Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd12 BMG and Ti6-Al-4V alloy were surface-modified electrochemically (nanomesh) or physically (microscratched) to investigate the effect of material topography on human osteoblasts cells (Saos-2) adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. For comparative purposes, the effect of mirror-like polished surfaces was also studied. Electrochemical treatments led to a highly interconnected hierarchical porous structure rich in oxides, which have been described to improve corrosion resistance, whereas microscratched surfaces showed a groove pattern with parallel trenches. Cell viability was higher than 96% for the three topographies tested and for both alloy compositions. In all cases, cells were able to adhere, proliferate and differentiate on the alloys, hence indicating that surface topography plays a minor role on these processes, although a clear cell orientation was observed on microscratched surfaces. Overall, our results provide further evidence that Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd12 BMG is an excellent candidate, in the present two topographies, for bone repair purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Blanquer
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Hynowska
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Baró
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Berna Özkale
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Barrios
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cc, Bellaterra, Spain
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Hyzy SL, Cheng A, Cohen DJ, Yatzkaier G, Whitehead AJ, Clohessy RM, Gittens RA, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Novel hydrophilic nanostructured microtexture on direct metal laser sintered Ti-6Al-4V surfaces enhances osteoblast response in vitro and osseointegration in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2086-98. [PMID: 27086616 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the biological effects in vivo of hierarchical surface roughness on laser sintered titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) implants to those of conventionally machined implants on osteoblast response in vitro and osseointegration. Laser sintered disks were fabricated to have micro-/nano-roughness and wettability. Control disks were computer numerical control (CNC) milled and then polished to be smooth (CNC-M). Laser sintered disks were polished smooth (LST-M), grit blasted (LST-B), or blasted and acid etched (LST-BE). LST-BE implants or implants manufactured by CNC milling and grit blasted (CNC-B) were implanted in the femurs of male New Zealand white rabbits. Most osteoblast differentiation markers and local factors were enhanced on rough LST-B and LST-BE surfaces in comparison to smooth CNC-M or LST-M surfaces for MG63 and normal human osteoblast cells. To determine if LST-BE implants were osteogenic in vivo, we compared them to implant surfaces used clinically. LST-BE implants had a unique surface with combined micro-/nano-roughness and higher wettability than conventional CNC-B implants. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in cortical bone-implant contact of LST-BE implants compared to CNC-B implants after 3 and 6 weeks. However, mechanical testing revealed no differences between implant pullout forces at those time points. LST surfaces enhanced osteoblast differentiation and production of local factors in vitro and improved the osseointegration process in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2086-2098, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Alexander J Whitehead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan M Clohessy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rolando A Gittens
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Crespo L, Hierro-Oliva M, Barriuso S, Vadillo-Rodríguez V, Montealegre MÁ, Saldaña L, Gomez-Barrena E, González-Carrasco JL, González-Martín ML, Vilaboa N. On the interactions of human bone cells with Ti6Al4V thermally oxidized by means of laser shock processing. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:015009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Matteson JL, Greenspan DC, Tighe TB, Gilfoy N, Stapleton JJ. Assessing the hierarchical structure of titanium implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1083-90. [PMID: 26034005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The physical texture of implant surfaces are known to be one important factor in creating a stable bone-implant interface. Simple roughness parameters (for e.g., Sa or Sz) are not entirely adequate when characterizing surfaces possessing hierarchical structure (macro, micro, and nano scales). The aim of this study was to develop an analytical approach to quantify hierarchical surface structure of implant surfaces possessing nearly identical simple roughness. Titanium alloys with macro/micro texture (MM) and macro/micro/nano texture (MMN) were chosen as model surfaces to be evaluated. There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in either Sa (13.56 vs. 13.43 µm) or Sz (91.74 vs. 92.39 µm) for the MM and MMN surfaces, respectively. However, when advanced filtering algorithms were applied to these datasets, a statistical difference in roughness was found between MM (Sa = 0.54 µm) and MMN (Sa = 1.06 µm; p < 0.05). Additionally, a method was developed to specifically quantify the density of surface features appearing similar in geometry to natural osteoclastic pits. This analysis revealed a significantly greater numbers of these features (i.e., valleys) on the MMN surface as compared to the MM surface. Finally, atomic force microscopy showed a rougher nano-texture on the MMN surface compared with the MM surface (p < 0.05). The results support recent published studies that show a combination of appropriate micron and nano surface results in a more robust cellular response and increased osteoblast differentiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1083-1090, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Matteson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | | | - Timothy B Tighe
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | | | - Joshua J Stapleton
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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