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Anderson JA, Lin D, Lea AJ, Johnston RA, Voyles T, Akinyi MY, Archie EA, Alberts SC, Tung J. DNA methylation signatures of early-life adversity are exposure-dependent in wild baboons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309469121. [PMID: 38442181 PMCID: PMC10945818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309469121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The early-life environment can profoundly shape the trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later. One mechanism proposed to contribute to these early-life effects is DNA methylation. However, the frequency and functional importance of DNA methylation in shaping early-life effects on adult outcomes is poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we integrate prospectively collected data on fitness-associated variation in the early environment with DNA methylation estimates at 477,270 CpG sites in 256 wild baboons. We find highly heterogeneous relationships between the early-life environment and DNA methylation in adulthood: aspects of the environment linked to resource limitation (e.g., low-quality habitat, early-life drought) are associated with many more CpG sites than other types of environmental stressors (e.g., low maternal social status). Sites associated with early resource limitation are enriched in gene bodies and putative enhancers, suggesting they are functionally relevant. Indeed, by deploying a baboon-specific, massively parallel reporter assay, we show that a subset of windows containing these sites are capable of regulatory activity, and that, for 88% of early drought-associated sites in these regulatory windows, enhancer activity is DNA methylation-dependent. Together, our results support the idea that DNA methylation patterns contain a persistent signature of the early-life environment. However, they also indicate that not all environmental exposures leave an equivalent mark and suggest that socioenvironmental variation at the time of sampling is more likely to be functionally important. Thus, multiple mechanisms must converge to explain early-life effects on fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Dana Lin
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Amanda J. Lea
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Child & Brain Development Program, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
| | | | - Tawni Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Mercy Y. Akinyi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi00502, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth A. Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Child & Brain Development Program, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
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2
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Lakkireddy D, Thaler D, Ellis CR, Swarup V, Gambhir A, Hermiller J, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Worthley S, Nair D, Schmidt B, Horton R, Gupta N, Anderson JA, Gage R, Alkhouli M, Windecker S. 3-Year Outcomes From the Amplatzer Amulet Left Atrial Appendage Occluder Randomized Controlled Trial (Amulet IDE). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:1902-1913. [PMID: 37587599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Amulet (Abbott) left atrial appendage occluder investigational device exemption trial is the largest randomized trial evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the Amulet left atrial appendage occluder compared with the Watchman 2.5 device (Boston Scientific) through 5 years. OBJECTIVES This analysis evaluated the device effect on 3-year outcomes in the Amulet investigational device exemption trial. METHODS The medication regimen and key clinical outcomes were reported through 3 years including: 1) the composite of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (SE); 2) the composite of all strokes, SE, or cardiovascular (CV) death; 3) major bleeding; and 4) all-cause death and CV death. RESULTS A total of 1,878 patients at 108 sites were randomized. A significantly higher percentage of patients were free of oral anticoagulation usage at 3 years with Amulet (96.2%) vs Watchman (92.5%) (P < 0.01). Clinical outcomes were comparable for the composite of ischemic stroke or SE (5.0% vs 4.6%; P = 0.69); the composite of all strokes, SE, or CV death (11.1% vs 12.7%; P = 0.31); major bleeding (16.1% vs 14.7%; P = 0.46); all-cause death (14.6% vs 17.9%; P = 0.08); and CV death (6.6% vs 8.5%; P = 0.14) for Amulet and Watchman, respectively. Through 3 years, device factors (device-related thrombus or peridevice leak ≥3 mm) preceded ischemic stroke events and CV deaths more frequently in Watchman compared with Amulet patients. CONCLUSIONS The Amulet occluder demonstrated continued safety and effectiveness with over 96% free of oral anticoagulation usage through 3 years in a high-risk population compared to the Watchman device. (AMPLATZER Amulet LAA Occluder Trial [Amulet IDE]; NCT02879448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Overland Park, Kansas, USA.
| | - David Thaler
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Vijendra Swarup
- Arizona Cardiovascular Research Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Alok Gambhir
- Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Devi Nair
- St Bernards Healthcare Cardiology Associates, Batesville, Arizona, USA
| | - Boris Schmidt
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Nigel Gupta
- Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ryan Gage
- Abbott Structural Heart, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA
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Lakkireddy D, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Windecker S, Thaler D, Price MJ, Gambhir A, Gupta N, Koulogiannis K, Marcoff L, Mediratta A, Anderson JA, Gage R, Ellis CR. Mechanisms, predictors, and evolution of severe peri-device leaks with two different left atrial appendage occluders. Europace 2023; 25:euad237. [PMID: 37584233 PMCID: PMC10427960 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Incomplete left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) due to peri-device leak (PDL) is a limitation of the therapy. The Amulet IDE trial is the largest randomized head-to-head trial comparing the Amulet and Watchman 2.5 LAAO devices with fundamentally different designs. The predictors and mechanistic factors impacting differences in PDLs within the Amulet IDE trial are assessed in the current analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS An independent core lab analysed all images for the presence or absence of severe PDL (>5 mm). The incidence, mechanistic factors, predictors using propensity score-matched controls, and evolution of severe PDLs through 18 months were assessed. Of the 1878 patients randomized in the trial, the Amulet occluder had significantly fewer severe PDLs than the Watchman device at 45 days (1.1 vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001) and 12 months (0.1 vs. 1.1%, P < 0.001). Off-axis deployment or missed lobes were leading mechanistic PDL factors in each device group. Larger left atrial appendage (LAA) dimensions including orifice diameter, landing zone diameter, and depth predicted severe PDL with the Watchman device, with no significant anatomical limitations noted with the Amulet occluder. Procedural and device implant predictors were found with the Amulet occluder attributed to the learning curve with the device. A majority of Watchman device severe PDLs did not resolve over time through 18 months. CONCLUSION The dual-occlusive Amplatzer Amulet LAA occluder provided improved LAA closure compared with the Watchman 2.5 device. Predictors and temporal observations of severe PDLs were identified in the Amulet IDE trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier NCT02879448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, 5100 W 100th St, Suite-200, Overland Park, KS 66211, USA
| | | | - Stephan Windecker
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alok Gambhir
- Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nigel Gupta
- Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Leo Marcoff
- Cardiovascular Core Lab at Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Anuj Mediratta
- Cardiovascular Core Lab at Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ryan Gage
- Abbott Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, USA
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Anderson JA, Lin D, Lea AJ, Johnston RA, Voyles T, Akinyi MY, Archie EA, Alberts SC, Tung J. DNA methylation signatures of early life adversity are exposure-dependent in wild baboons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.05.542485. [PMID: 37333311 PMCID: PMC10274726 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.542485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The early life environment can profoundly shape the trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later. One mechanism proposed to contribute to these early life effects is DNA methylation. However, the frequency and functional importance of DNA methylation in shaping early life effects on adult outcomes is poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we integrate prospectively collected data on fitness-associated variation in the early environment with DNA methylation estimates at 477,270 CpG sites in 256 wild baboons. We find highly heterogeneous relationships between the early life environment and DNA methylation in adulthood: aspects of the environment linked to resource limitation (e.g., low-quality habitat, early life drought) are associated with many more CpG sites than other types of environmental stressors (e.g., low maternal social status). Sites associated with early resource limitation are enriched in gene bodies and putative enhancers, suggesting they are functionally relevant. Indeed, by deploying a baboon-specific, massively parallel reporter assay, we show that a subset of windows containing these sites are capable of regulatory activity, and that, for 88% of early drought-associated sites in these regulatory windows, enhancer activity is DNA methylation-dependent. Together, our results support the idea that DNA methylation patterns contain a persistent signature of the early life environment. However, they also indicate that not all environmental exposures leave an equivalent mark and suggest that socioenvironmental variation at the time of sampling is more likely to be functionally important. Thus, multiple mechanisms must converge to explain early life effects on fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Dana Lin
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA
| | - Rachel A Johnston
- Zoo New England, Stoneham, Massachusetts, 02180
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142
| | - Tawni Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Mercy Y Akinyi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Alkhouli M, Russo AM, Thaler D, Windecker S, Anderson JA, Gage R, Lakkireddy D. Sex Differences in Safety and Effectiveness of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:2143-2155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vilgalys TP, Fogel AS, Anderson JA, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi IL, Kim SY, Voyles TN, Robinson JA, Wall JD, Archie EA, Alberts SC, Tung J. Selection against admixture and gene regulatory divergence in a long-term primate field study. Science 2022; 377:635-641. [PMID: 35926022 PMCID: PMC9682493 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic admixture is central to primate evolution. We combined 50 years of field observations of immigration and group demography with genomic data from ~9 generations of hybrid baboons to investigate the consequences of admixture in the wild. Despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids, we found signatures of selection against admixture similar to those described for archaic hominins. These patterns were concentrated near genes where ancestry is strongly associated with gene expression. Our analyses also show that introgression is partially predictable across the genome. This study demonstrates the value of integrating genomic and field data for revealing how "genomic signatures of selection" (e.g., reduced introgression in low-recombination regions) manifest in nature; moreover, it underscores the importance of other primates as living models for human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauras P. Vilgalys
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arielle S. Fogel
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan A. Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tawni N. Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Wall
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada,Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany,Corresponding author
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7
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Lakkireddy D, Thaler D, Ellis CR, Swarup V, Sondergaard L, Carroll J, Gold MR, Hermiller J, Diener HC, Schmidt B, MacDonald L, Mansour M, Maini B, Anderson JA, Gage R, Windecker S. Outcomes of the roll-in cohort of the Amulet IDE trial of left atrial appendage occlusion. Heart Rhythm O2 2022; 3:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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8
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Anderson JA, Lea AJ, Voyles TN, Akinyi MY, Nyakundi R, Ochola L, Omondi M, Nyundo F, Zhang Y, Campos FA, Alberts SC, Archie EA, Tung J. Distinct gene regulatory signatures of dominance rank and social bond strength in wild baboons. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200441. [PMID: 35000452 PMCID: PMC8743882 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The social environment is a major determinant of morbidity, mortality and Darwinian fitness in social animals. Recent studies have begun to uncover the molecular processes associated with these relationships, but the degree to which they vary across different dimensions of the social environment remains unclear. Here, we draw on a long-term field study of wild baboons to compare the signatures of affiliative and competitive aspects of the social environment in white blood cell gene regulation, under both immune-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. We find that the effects of dominance rank on gene expression are directionally opposite in males versus females, such that high-ranking males resemble low-ranking females, and vice versa. Among females, rank and social bond strength are both reflected in the activity of cellular metabolism and proliferation genes. However, while we observe pronounced rank-related differences in baseline immune gene activity, only bond strength predicts the fold-change response to immune (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Together, our results indicate that the directionality and magnitude of social effects on gene regulation depend on the aspect of the social environment under study. This heterogeneity may help explain why social environmental effects on health and longevity can also vary between measures. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tawni N. Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mercy Y. Akinyi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nyakundi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Lucy Ochola
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Martin Omondi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Fred Nyundo
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Fernando A. Campos
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 1M1
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9
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Anderson JA, Tung J. Sparrows and supergenes: Ecological epigenetics in action. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3391-3393. [PMID: 34145673 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promise of ecological epigenetics, there remain few cases that clearly link epigenetic variation in wild animal populations to evolutionary change. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Sun et al. provide such an example in white-throated sparrows-a fascinating system in which a large chromosomal rearrangement generates a "supergene" polymorphism linked to plumage colour, aggression and parenting behaviour. By combining whole genome bisulphite sequencing with RNA-sequencing and chromatin accessibility data, they show that the two alleles of this chromosomal polymorphism also exhibit substantial differences in DNA methylation levels, with implications for gene expression and transposable element activity. Their results provide a compelling case study for how genetic and epigenetic evolution proceed in concert. They also demonstrate the importance of integrating multiple types of genomic information to understand how gene regulation evolves, providing a model for future work in nonmodel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Anderson JA, Johnston RA, Lea AJ, Campos FA, Voyles TN, Akinyi MY, Alberts SC, Archie EA, Tung J. High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons. eLife 2021; 10:e66128. [PMID: 33821798 PMCID: PMC8087445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process is central to understanding the biodemography of natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting 'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in this population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank: high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high rank for male baboons - the best predictor of reproductive success - imposes costs consistent with a 'live fast, die young' life-history strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Rachel A Johnston
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Fernando A Campos
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Tawni N Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Mercy Y Akinyi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Canadian Institute for Advanced ResearchTorontoCanada
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11
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Abstract
AC Taber is a hard red spring wheat cultivar that has had long-lasting resistance to the leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosome location of the leaf rust resistance genes in AC Taber. The leaf rust-susceptible cultivar Thatcher was crossed with AC Taber to develop an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The RILs and parents were evaluated for segregation of leaf rust resistance in five field plot tests and in two seedling tests to race BBBDB of P. triticina. A genetic map of the RIL population was developed using 90,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers with the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat bead array. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with significant effects for lower leaf rust severity in the field plot tests were found on chromosomes 2BS and 3BS. The same QTLs also had significant effects for lower infection type in seedlings to leaf rust race BBBDB. The gene on 2BS was the adult plant resistance gene Lr13, and the gene on 3BS mapped to the same region as the adult plant resistance gene Lr74 and other QTLs for leaf rust resistance. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR assay markers linked to the 2BS and 3BS regions were developed and should be useful for marker-based selection of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kolmer
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - M K Turner
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - M N Rouse
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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12
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Anderson JA, Kinnally EL. Behavioral mimicry predicts social favor in adolescent rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Primates 2020; 62:123-131. [PMID: 32949317 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-conscious mimicry is a highly conserved component of animal behavior with multifaceted connections to sociality across taxa. One intriguing consequence of this mimicry in primates is that it promotes positive social feedback from the recipient toward the mimicker. This suggests that mimicry in primates may be an important aspect of positive social interaction, but few studies have tracked the consequences of mimicry in naturally occurring complex social conditions. Here, we designed a novel ethogram to characterize mimicry between conspecifics, to better understand whether mimicry is associated with affiliation between primates in a semi-naturalistic captive setting. In this study, 15 juvenile (aged 2-4 years) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were observed at the California National Primate Research Center. Frequencies of mimicry defined a priori (e.g. following, postural mimicry) were observed over a course of 12 weeks. In separate observations during the same period, focal social behavior (e.g. aggression, play, affiliation) with group members was also observed. Subjects that exhibited higher degrees of mimicry were not more prosocial, but they received significantly more play overtures from social partners (p < 0.01). Additionally, rates of mimicry were higher in 2- and 3-year-olds than 4-year-olds. These results provide proof of principle in a small sample of monkeys that mimicry is associated with social advantages in a complex, semi-naturalistic setting in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Erin L Kinnally
- Department of Psychology and Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
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Anderson JA, Vilgalys TP, Tung J. Broadening primate genomics: new insights into the ecology and evolution of primate gene regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 62:16-22. [PMID: 32569794 PMCID: PMC7483836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyses have played a key role in understanding how gene regulatory evolution contributes to primate phenotypic diversity. Recently, these studies have expanded to include a wider range of species, within-population as well as interspecific analyses, and research on wild as well as captive individuals. This expansion provides context for understanding genetic and environmental effects on gene regulation in humans, including the importance of the pathogen and social environments. Although taxonomic representation remains biased, inclusion of more species has also begun to reveal the evolutionary processes that explain whether and when gene regulation is conserved. Together, this work highlights how studies in other primates contribute to understanding evolution in our own lineage, and we conclude by identifying promising avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tauras P Vilgalys
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya; Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Fuglsby K, Anderson JA, Engebretson D, Lamichhane S. Development of an automated micropipette coating method for drug-coated balloons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2258-2275. [PMID: 31967398 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are a recent technology developed to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD). Along with a suitable formulation of antiproliferative drug and excipient, coating method is an important aspect of a DCB as these factors affect coating characteristics and drug delivery to the treatment site. The multiple release tailored medical devices DCB (MR-TMD-DCB), designed to achieve multiple inflations to treat complex PAD, contains paclitaxel (PAT) as the antiproliferative drug and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the excipient. In our previous studies, the MR-TMD-DCB was coated using a manual dip coating method. In this study, an automated micropipette coating method was developed using a modified spray coating instrument to coat the MR-TMD-DCB. First, the coating formulation and strategy was optimized. A drug formulation of 16 wt% PAT and 4% wt/vol PEO, a polymer formulation of 2.5% wt/vol PEO, and a total of two drug layers produced a mostly uniform and thin coating with no defects and acceptable drug load. The balloon also had optimal drug uptake in arterial tissue in an in vitro flow model. Next, the reproducibility of the coating strategy was improved by optimizing the instrument parameters. The optimized instrument parameters (translational speed = 0.150 in/s, revolution rate = 100 rpm, flow rate = 0.6 ml/min) resulted in improved reproducibility of the drug load and similar coating properties as the DCB. This study demonstrated the ability to automate the micropipette process to obtain a balloon with optimal coating properties and drug tissue uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby Fuglsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Tailored Medical Devices, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Tailored Medical Devices, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Tailored Medical Devices, Inc., Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Anderson JA, Harris SM, Nelson EL, Teuber I, Futterman A. DIMINISHED COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF AMONG DROPOUTS FROM A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF COPING. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6840207 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective attrition is a common problem in longitudinal studies of older adults. Dropout is due to many factors, but frequently health concerns figure prominently as a reason for attrition. In light of previous work that suggests health problems reduce complexity of religious and other social involvements, the current study examines complexity of religiousness among dropouts and continuers in a longitudinal study of religion and health in later life. A random sample of 287 older adults living in Worcester, MA was assessed at two times of measurement 12 months apart using interview-based measures of religious orientation (Batson, Schoenrade, and Ventis, 1993) and health (OARS). Of the 287 who began the study, 72 dropped out and were not available to be assessed at 12 month assessment. Using Mplus, a three-factor model of Ends, Means, and Quest orientations demonstrated a good fit to the data in both dropout and continuer subsamples (e.g., CFI’s equaled .959 and .966, respectively). Diminished correlations between Ends, Means, and Quest orientations in the dropout vs. continuer subsample suggests diminished complexity of religious orientation among dropouts. Dropouts were more seriously ill, had higher levels of functional impairment, and demonstrated lower SES, suggesting increased vulnerability and fewer resources may have been the reason for dropping from the study as well as one possible cause of their diminished religious complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shaelyn M Harris
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Erica L Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ingrid Teuber
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Andrew Futterman
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Kolmer JA, Bernardo A, Bai G, Hayden MJ, Anderson JA. Thatcher wheat line RL6149 carries Lr64 and a second leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 1DS. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:2809-2814. [PMID: 31280341 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The leaf rust resistance gene Lr64 in the Thatcher wheat RL6149 was mapped to chromosome 6AL with SNP and KASP markers and a second leaf rust resistance gene was mapped to chromosome 1DS. RL6149, a near-isogenic line of Thatcher wheat, carries leaf rust resistance gene Lr64 on chromosome arm 6AL. The objective of this study was to develop molecular markers that can be easily used to select wheat lines with Lr64. RL6149 was crossed with Thatcher and F2 plants derived from a single F1 plant were advanced to F6 lines by single seed descent. The 100 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were inoculated with two races of P.triticina that differed widely for virulence in order to identify resistant and susceptible RIL. Thirty RIL that differed for resistance and the parental lines were genotyped with the 90 K Infinium iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to find closely linked markers with Lr64. Seven linked SNPs on chromosome arm 6AL were converted into Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers that were genotyped on the 100 RIL. A genetic linkage map for the seven KASP markers spanned 19.1 cM on chromosome arm 6AL. KASP marker K-IWB59855 was tightly linked to Lr64. A second unexpected gene for leaf rust resistance also segregated in the F7 lines. Four KASP markers that spanned 18.6 cM located the gene on chromosome 1DS. The KASP marker K-IWB38437 was tightly linked to the second leaf rust resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kolmer
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - A Bernardo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - G Bai
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - M J Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Fuglsby K, Remund T, Pohlson K, Evans R, Engebretson D, Kelly P. Development of drug-coated balloon for the treatment of multiple peripheral artery segments. J Vasc Surg 2019; 71:1750-1757.e7. [PMID: 31519510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral artery disease is the second most common cardiovascular disease. It can often occur in complex form when there is a presence of long, diffuse, and multiple lesions. Current treatments use either single long drug-coated balloons (DCBs) or multiple DCBs; however, treatment success is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical feasibility of our multiple-release Tailored Medical Devices DCB (MR-TMD-DCB) to treat multiple arterial segments using a single DCB. METHODS The MR-TMD-DCBs were developed using a two-layer coating approach. The DCBs were developed in a certified Current Good Manufacturing Practices facility using presterilized materials and reagent and then characterized for coating morphology, thermal and chemical changes, and in vitro particulate shedding. The drug loss, tissue uptake, and undelivered drug amounts were analyzed using an in vitro peripheral artery flow model and explanted pig arteries. Then, an in vivo survival study was performed using a healthy porcine model to measure the short-term drug uptake (seven swine; 14 treatments at day 1) and retention (seven swine; 14 treatments at day 7) in two different arterial segments after treatment with a single MR-TMD-DCB. RESULTS The coating on the MR-TMD-DCB was smooth and homogeneous with paclitaxel molecularly dispersed in its amorphous state. A negligible number of particulates were shed from the MR-TMD-DCB coating. A similar amount of drug was accurately delivered into two separate explanted arteries using a single MR-TMD-DCB during the in vitro flow model testing (707 ± 109 ng/mg in the first explanted artery and 783 ± 306 ng/mg in the second explanted artery). The MR-TMD-DCB treatment resulted in equivalent drug amounts in the two arterial segments at day 1 (63 ± 19 ng/mg in the first treatment site and 59 ±19 ng/mg in the second treatment site) and at day 7 (9 ± 6 ng/mg in the first treatment site and 10 ± 6 ng/mg in the second treatment site). In addition, the drug levels at each time point were in the clinically relevant range to prevent neointimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS The MR-TMD-DCBs provided equivalent and clinically relevant drug retention levels into two different arterial segments. Thus, MR-TMD-DCBs can be used to accurately deliver drug into multiple arterial segments with the use of a single DCB. The clinical outcomes of these findings need further investigation. Future long-term pharmacokinetics and safety studies will be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the MR-TMD-DCB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirby Fuglsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Engebretson
- Tailored Medical Devices, Inc, Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD
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Szego MJ, Meyn MS, Shuman C, Zlotnik Shaul R, Anderson JA, Bowdin S, Monfared N, Hayeems RZ. Views from the clinic: Healthcare provider perspectives on whole genome sequencing in paediatrics. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:350-356. [PMID: 30503855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a transformative technology which promises improved diagnostic rates compared to conventional genetic testing strategies and tailored approaches to patient care. Due to the practical and ethical complexities associated with using WGS, particularly in the paediatric context, input from a broad spectrum of healthcare providers can guide implementation strategies. We recruited healthcare providers from the largest paediatric academic health science centre in Canada and conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews, exploring experiences with and perceptions of the opportunities and challenges associated with WGS. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically. Interviews were completed with 14 genetics professionals (geneticists and genetic counsellors) and 15 non-genetics professionals (physician sub-specialists and nurses). Genetics professionals ordered genetic tests more often and reported greater confidence on pre- and post-test genetic counselling compared to non-genetics professionals. Most healthcare providers endorsed WGS when a more specific test was either not available or not likely to yield a diagnosis. While genetics professionals raised concerns regarding the time demands associated with reviewing WGS variants, non-genetics professionals reflected concerns about knowledge and training. Providers' position on reporting secondary variants to parents drew upon but was not limited to the concept of best interests. Taken together, understanding practical and principled matters of WGS from healthcare providers' perspectives can guide ongoing efforts to implement WGS in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Szego
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - M S Meyn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Shuman
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Zlotnik Shaul
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - J A Anderson
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Bowdin
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Monfared
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Z Hayeems
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Vierhout T, Engebretson D. Determining the cross-talk between smooth muscle cells and macrophages on a cobalt-chromium stent material surface using an in vitro postimplantation coculture model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:673-685. [PMID: 29047206 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages are important cellular components involved in the development of complications following the implantation of cardiovascular devices. This leads to various disorders such as restenosis, chronic inflammation, and may ultimately result in device failure. In this study, we developed a postimplant stent coculture model using different ratios of SMCs and macrophages seeded on to cobalt-chromium alloy. The macrophages had an increased affinity to the coculture surfaces, which resulted in decreased SMC attachment to the alloy surfaces at the initial time point. Once adhered, the macrophages spread freely and displayed advanced stages of inflammation at 48 h when cocultured with SMCs. This resulted in an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) by 48 h in the coculture samples with the greatest increase observed with the high number of macrophages. Therefore, the increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines promoted the growth of SMCs in coculture to a greater extent than when the SMCs were culture alone. Thus, this study demonstrated the constant cross-talk between SMCs and macrophages occurring on the postimplant stent surface. Similar coculture models can be used to test the biocompatibility of drugs and biomaterials at possible postimplantation scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 673-685, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Thomas Vierhout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Vierhout T, Sherman A, Engebretson D, Pohlson K, Remund T, Kelly P. In vitro particulate and in vivo drug retention study of a novel polyethylene oxide formulation for drug-coated balloons. J Vasc Surg 2017; 67:1537-1545.e7. [PMID: 28843789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the newly developed drug-coated balloon (DCB) using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a platform and to compare it directly with a commercially available DCB in a preclinical experimental setting. METHODS The PEO balloon was characterized for coating morphology and degree of paclitaxel (PAT) crystallinity. PAT tissue levels were then measured up to 30 days in a healthy porcine model (10 swine, 20 vessels) after treatment with either a PEO balloon or a commercially available DCB. An in vitro bench-top model was used to compare the particulates released from the PEO balloon and commercially available DCB. RESULTS The coating on the PEO balloon was smooth and homogeneous with PAT in its amorphous state. From the porcine survival study, the PAT tissue levels were comparable between PEO balloon and commercially available DCB after 7 days of treatment. Both the PEO balloon and the commercially available DCB retained therapeutic drug up to 30 days. During the simulated in vitro model, the PEO balloon shed significantly fewer particulates that were smaller than those of the commercially available DCB. Most important, the PEO balloon shed 25 times fewer large particulates than the commercially available DCB. CONCLUSIONS The amorphous PAT in the PEO balloon provided comparable drug tissue retention levels to those of the commercially available DCB and fewer particulates. Thus prepared PEO balloon proved to be safe and effective in the preclinical experimental setting. The clinical outcomes of these findings need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SDak
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SDak
| | - Thomas Vierhout
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SDak
| | - Andrea Sherman
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SDak
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SDak
| | | | | | - Patrick Kelly
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SDak.
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Anderson JA, Meyn MS, Shuman C, Zlotnik Shaul R, Mantella LE, Szego MJ, Bowdin S, Monfared N, Hayeems RZ. Parents perspectives on whole genome sequencing for their children: qualified enthusiasm? J Med Ethics 2017; 43:535-539. [PMID: 27888232 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the consequences of returning whole genome sequencing (WGS) results in paediatrics and facilitate its evidence-based clinical implementation, we studied parents' experiences with WGS and their preferences for the return of adult-onset secondary variants (SVs)-medically actionable genomic variants unrelated to their child's current medical condition that predict adult-onset disease. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with parents whose children were undergoing WGS as part of the SickKids Genome Clinic, a research project that studies the impact of clinical WGS on patients, families, and the healthcare system. Interviews probed parents' experience with and motivation for WGS as well as their preferences related to SVs. Interviews were analysed thematically. RESULTS Of 83 invited, 23 parents from 18 families participated. These parents supported WGS as a diagnostic test, perceiving clear intrinsic and instrumental value. However, many parents were ambivalent about receiving SVs, conveying a sense of self-imposed obligation to take on the 'weight' of knowing their child's SVs, however unpleasant. Some parents chose to learn about adult-onset SVs for their child but not for themselves. CONCLUSIONS Despite general enthusiasm for WGS as a diagnostic test, many parents felt a duty to learn adult-onset SVs. Analogous to 'inflicted insight', we call this phenomenon 'inflicted ought'. Importantly, not all parents of children undergoing WGS view the best interests of their child in relational terms, thereby challenging an underlying justification for current ACMG guidelines for reporting incidental secondary findings from whole exome and WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Anderson
- Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M S Meyn
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Shuman
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Zlotnik Shaul
- Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - L E Mantella
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M J Szego
- Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Bowdin
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Monfared
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Z Hayeems
- The Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Lamichhane S, Anderson JA, Vierhout T, Remund T, Sun H, Kelly P. Polytetrafluoroethylene topographies determine the adhesion, activation, and foreign body giant cell formation of macrophages. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2441-2450. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; 4800 N. Career Avenue Sioux Falls South Dakota 57107
| | - Jordan A. Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; 4800 N. Career Avenue Sioux Falls South Dakota 57107
| | - Thomas Vierhout
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; 4800 N. Career Avenue Sioux Falls South Dakota 57107
| | - Tyler Remund
- Sanford Research; 2301 East 60 Street North Sioux Falls South Dakota 57104
| | - Hongli Sun
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; 4800 N. Career Avenue Sioux Falls South Dakota 57107
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Sanford Health; 1305 West 18 Street Sioux Falls South Dakota 57105
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During VA, Sole GM, Jha AK, Anderson JA, Bryan RT. Prediction of histological stage based on cystoscopic appearances of newly diagnosed bladder tumours. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:547-551. [PMID: 27502337 PMCID: PMC5392893 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the 75-80% of urothelial bladder cancers (UBC) presenting as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the key treatment and staging procedure. In the 20-25% of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), further cross-sectional imaging is required to complete the staging process before considering radical treatment. Given the adverse effects of ionising radiation, clinicians identify patients believed to have MIBC, and so requiring further imaging pre-TURBT, at the tumour histology/stage based on the tumour's visual characteristics. There is minimal evidence describing the accuracy of such predictions in newly-diagnosed patients. METHODS Over a 6-year period, a database of patients undergoing resection of newly-diagnosed bladder lesions in a single UK centre was prospectively established. Predictions based on histology were simultaneously recorded, and the accuracy of these predictions of histology/stage subsequently assessed. RESULTS One hundred and twenty two (73.1%) patients with histologically confirmed NMIBC had predictions recorded versus 45 (26.9%) patients with MIBC. Visual assessment predictions of MIBC had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5%-95.2%) and a specificity of 91.0% (95% CI 84.6%-94.9%), giving a positive predictive value of 78.4% (95% CI 65.4%-87.5%) and a negative predictive value of 95.7% (95% CI 90.3%-98.1%). CONCLUSIONS We find that visual assessment is accurate in predicting the presence of MIBC. This supports the practice of stratifying patients at the time of initial cystoscopy for those requiring further radiological staging pre-TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A During
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , UK
| | - G M Sole
- The County Hospital , Hereford , UK
| | - A K Jha
- The County Hospital , Hereford , UK
| | | | - R T Bryan
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , UK
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Mani G. Macrophage responses to 316L stainless steel and cobalt chromium alloys with different surface topographies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2658-72. [PMID: 27324956 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface topography of a biomaterial plays a vital role in determining macrophage interactions and influencing immune response. In this study, we investigated the effect of smooth and microrough topographies of commonly used metallic biomaterials such as 316 L stainless steel (SS) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys on macrophage interactions. The macrophage adhesion was greater on CoCr compared to SS, irrespective of their topographies. The macrophage activation and the secretion of most pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IP-10) were greater on microrough surfaces than on smooth surfaces by day-1. However, by day-2, the macrophage activation on smooth surfaces was also significantly increased up to the same level as observed on the microrough surfaces, with more amount of cytokines secreted. The secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was significantly increased from day-1 to day-2 on all the alloy surfaces with the effect most prominently observed on microrough surfaces. The production of nitric oxide by the macrophages did not show any major substrate-dependent effect. The foreign body giant cells formed by macrophages were least observed on the microrough surfaces of CoCr. Thus, this study demonstrated that the nature of material (SS or CoCr) and their surface topographies (smooth or microrough) strongly influence the macrophage responses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2658-2672, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Gopinath Mani
- Biomedical Engineering Program, the University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
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Schiff AA, Murphy JE, Anderson JA. Non-Pharmacological Factors in Drug Therapy—The Inter-Action of Doctor, Patient and Tablet Appearance in the Treatment of Anxiety/Depressive Syndromes. J Int Med Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030006057500300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree to which placebo response is involved in an active treatment situation in normal clinical practice, and the factors comprising the placebo response, have been analyzed in a study on patients with anxiety/depressive syndromes. Four tablet preparations of different appearance but identical pharmacological activity were used over a three week period, and a comparison of therapeutic benefits between ‘treatments', doctors, and doctor—patient groupings was made, in addition to an analysis of the relationship of patients' self-assessments with their physicians' ratings. The results showed that although direct pharmacological effect was paramount in determining therapeutic outcome, detailed differences were related to various placebo factors. The similarity between physicians' and patients' ratings tends to decrease during the course of treatment, and possible reasons for this are reviewed in the light of previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Schiff
- Medical Adviser, E R Squibb and Sons Ltd, Twickenham, Middlesex, England
| | - J E Murphy
- General Practitioner Northampton, England
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Oxford, England
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Lamichhane S, Anderson JA, Remund T, Sun H, Larson MK, Kelly P, Mani G. Responses of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets dependent on the surface topography of polytetrafluoroethylene. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2291-304. [PMID: 27119260 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different structures (flat, expanded, and electrospun) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and platelets was investigated. In addition, the mechanisms that govern the interactions between ECs, SMCs, and platelets with different structures of PTFE were discussed. The surface characterizations showed that the different structures of PTFE have the same surface chemistry, similar surface wettability and zeta potential, but uniquely different surface topography. The viability, proliferation, morphology, and phenotype of ECs and SMCs interacted with different structures of PTFE were investigated. Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) provided a relatively better surface for the growth of ECs. In case of SMC interactions, although all the different structures of PTFE inhibited SMC growth, a maximum inhibitory effect was observed for ePTFE. In case of platelet interactions, the electrospun PTFE provided a better surface for preventing the adhesion and activation of platelets. Thus, this study demonstrated that the responses of ECs, SMCs, and platelets strongly dependent on the surface topography of the PTFE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2291-2304, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Tyler Remund
- Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104
| | - Hongli Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
| | - Mark K Larson
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, 2001 S. Summit Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57197
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Sanford Health, 1305 West 18th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57105
| | - Gopinath Mani
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107
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Bajgain P, Rouse MN, Bulli P, Bhavani S, Gordon T, Wanyera R, Njau PN, Legesse W, Anderson JA, Pumphrey MO. Erratum to: Association mapping of North American spring wheat breeding germplasm reveals loci conferring resistance to Ug99 and other African stem rust races. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:24. [PMID: 26786273 PMCID: PMC4719385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, MN, USA.
| | - M N Rouse
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, 55108, MN, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, MN, USA
| | - P Bulli
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, USA
| | - S Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T Gordon
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, 83210, ID, USA
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Njoro, Kenya
| | - P N Njau
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Njoro, Kenya
| | - W Legesse
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Pawe, Ethiopia
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, MN, USA.
| | - M O Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, USA
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Remund T, Kelly P, Mani G. Preparation, characterization, in vitro drug release, and cellular interactions of tailored paclitaxel releasing polyethylene oxide films for drug-coated balloons. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:333-351. [PMID: 26432441 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are used to treat various cardiovascular diseases. Currently available DCBs carry drug on the balloon surface either solely or using different carriers. Several studies have shown that a significant amount of drug is lost in the blood stream during balloon tracking to deliver only a sub-therapeutic level of drug at the treatment site. This research is focused on developing paclitaxel (PAT) loaded polyethylene oxide (PEO) films (PAT-PEO) as a controlled drug delivery carrier for DCBs. An array of PAT-PEO films were developed in this study to provide tailored release of >90% of drug only at specific time intervals, which is the time frame required for carrying out balloon-based therapy. The characterizations of PAT-PEO films using SEM, FTIR, and DSC showed that the films developed were homogenous and the PAT was molecularly dispersed in the PEO matrix. Mechanical tests showed that most PAT-PEO films developed were flexible and ductile, with yield and tensile strengths not affected after PAT incorporation. The viability, proliferation, morphology, and phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) interacted with control-PEO and PAT-PEO films were investigated. All control-PEO and PAT-PEO films showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of SMCs, with the degree of inhibition strongly dependent on the w/v% of the polymer used. The PAT-PEO coating was produced on the balloons. The integrity of PAT-PEO coating was well maintained without any mechanical defects occurring during balloon inflation or deflation. The drug release studies showed that only 15% of the total PAT loaded was released from the balloons within the initial 1min (typical balloon tracking time), whereas 80% of the PAT was released between 1min and 4min (typical balloon treatment time). Thus, this study demonstrated the use of PEO as an alternate drug delivery system for the balloons. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is primarily responsible for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in millions of patients every year. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are commonly used to treat various CVDs. However, in several currently used DCBs, a significant amount of drug is lost in the blood stream during balloon tracking to deliver only a sub-therapeutic level of drug at the treatment site. In this study, paclitaxel containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) films were developed to provide unique advantages including drug release profiles specifically tailored for balloon-based therapy, homogeneous films with molecularly dispersed drug, flexible and ductile films, and exhibits significant inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell growth. Thus, this study demonstrated the use of PEO as an alternate drug delivery platform for DCBs to improve its efficacy.
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Anderson JA, Remund T, Pohlson K, Lamichhane S, Evans C, Evans R, Clark M, Egland K, Kelly P, Mani G. In vitroandin vivoevaluation of effect of excipients in local delivery of paclitaxel using microporous infusion balloon catheters. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:376-390. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Tyler Remund
- Sanford Research; Sioux Falls South Dakota 57104
| | | | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Claire Evans
- Sanford Research; Sioux Falls South Dakota 57104
| | - Rick Evans
- Sanford Research; Sioux Falls South Dakota 57104
| | | | | | | | - Gopinath Mani
- Biomedical Engineering; The University of South Dakota; Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
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Bajgain P, Rouse MN, Bulli P, Bhavani S, Gordon T, Wanyera R, Njau PN, Legesse W, Anderson JA, Pumphrey MO. Association mapping of North American spring wheat breeding germplasm reveals loci conferring resistance to Ug99 and other African stem rust races. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:249. [PMID: 26467989 PMCID: PMC4606553 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently identified Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) race TTKSK (Ug99) poses a severe threat to global wheat production because of its broad virulence on several widely deployed resistance genes. Additional virulences have been detected in the Ug99 group of races, and the spread of this race group has been documented across wheat growing regions in Africa, the Middle East (Yemen), and West Asia (Iran). Other broadly virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and TKTTF, present further difficulties in maintaining abundant genetic resistance for their effective use in wheat breeding against this destructive fungal disease of wheat. In an effort to identify loci conferring resistance to these races, a genome-wide association study was carried out on a panel of 250 spring wheat breeding lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), six wheat breeding programs in the United States and three wheat breeding programs in Canada. RESULTS The lines included in this study were grouped into two major clusters, based on the results of principal component analysis using 23,976 SNP markers. Upon screening for adult plant resistance (APR) to Ug99 during 2013 and 2014 in artificial stem rust screening nurseries at Njoro, Kenya and at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, several wheat lines were found to exhibit APR. The lines were also screened for resistance at the seedling stage against races TTKSK, TRTTF, and TKTTF at USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory in St. Paul, Minnesota; and only 9 of the 250 lines displayed seedling resistance to all the races. Using a mixed linear model, 27 SNP markers associated with APR against Ug99 were detected, including markers linked with the known APR gene Sr2. Using the same model, 23, 86, and 111 SNP markers associated with seedling resistance against races TTKSK, TRTTF, and TKTTF were identified, respectively. These included markers linked to the genes Sr8a and Sr11 providing seedling resistance to races TRTTF and TKTTF, respectively. We also identified putatively novel Sr resistance genes on chromosomes 3B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7B. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the North American wheat breeding lines have several resistance loci that provide APR and seedling resistance to highly virulent Pgt races. Using the resistant lines and the SNP markers identified in this study, marker-assisted resistance breeding can assist in development of varieties with elevated levels of resistance to virulent stem rust races including TTKSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - M N Rouse
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - P Bulli
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - S Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - T Gordon
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA.
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Njoro, Kenya.
| | - P N Njau
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Njoro, Kenya.
| | - W Legesse
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Pawe, Ethiopia.
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - M O Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Flores FJ, Marek SM, Anderson JA, Mitchell TK, Walker NR. Infection and Colonization of Several Bermudagrasses by Ophiosphaerella korrae. Phytopathology 2015; 105:656-661. [PMID: 25560925 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-14-0205-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most commonly used turfgrass in the southern United States where it is severely affected by spring dead spot (SDS) caused by Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, O. korrae, and O. narmari. In this study, infection of bermudagrass roots and stolons by O. korrae was characterized using a transformant that expressed the red fluorescent protein tdTomato. Roots of interspecific hybrid cultivars Midlawn and Tifway 419, C. transvaalensis accessions Uganda and 3200, and C. dactylon cultivar U3 were inoculated and observed from 2 to 14 days postinoculation (DPI) while stolons were observed from 2 to 22 DPI. For all five cultivars tested, a similar level of root colonization was observed; however, differences were observed in the rate of necrosis development. Necrosis of Tifway 419 and Midlawn tissues was evident at 2 DPI, in Uganda and 3200 at 8 DPI, and in U3 necrosis was often absent as late as 14 DPI. The fungus rapidly penetrated the root epidermis and colonized the cortex of all cultivars by 4 DPI. Colonization of stele tissues by O. korrae was rare in hybrid cultivars but common in C. transvaalensis and C. dactylon accessions. On intact stolons, the fungus did not penetrate the epidermis 22 DPI though epidermal necrosis was evident on the surface of only the hybrid bermudagrasses. Wounded stolons became necrotic in all cultivars. Infection and colonization of various bermudagrasses by O. korrae was found to be similar to that by O. herpotricha, suggesting that host genetic resistance may be used for effective management of SDS caused by both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Flores
- First, second, and fifth authors: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; third author: Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - S M Marek
- First, second, and fifth authors: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; third author: Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J A Anderson
- First, second, and fifth authors: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; third author: Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - T K Mitchell
- First, second, and fifth authors: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; third author: Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - N R Walker
- First, second, and fifth authors: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; third author: Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078; and fourth author: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Anderson JA, Hayeems RZ, Shuman C, Szego MJ, Monfared N, Bowdin S, Zlotnik Shaul R, Meyn MS. Predictive genetic testing for adult-onset disorders in minors: a critical analysis of the arguments for and against the 2013 ACMG guidelines. Clin Genet 2014; 87:301-10. [PMID: 25046648 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The publication of the ACMG recommendations has reignited the debate over predictive testing for adult-onset disorders in minors. Response has been polarized. With this in mind, we review and critically analyze this debate. First, we identify long-standing inconsistencies between consensus guidelines and clinical practice regarding risk assessment for adult-onset genetic disorders in children using family history and molecular analysis. Second, we discuss the disparate assumptions regarding the nature of whole genome and exome sequencing underlying arguments of both supporters and critics, and the role these assumptions play in the arguments for and against reporting. Third, we suggest that implicit differences regarding the definition of best interests of the child underlie disparate conclusions as to the best interests of children in this context. We conclude by calling for clarity and consensus concerning the central foci of this debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Anderson
- Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Vance AZ, Weinberg BD, Arbique GM, Guild JB, Anderson JA, Chason DP. Fluoroscopic sentinel events in neuroendovascular procedures: how to screen, prevent, and address occurrence. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1513-5. [PMID: 22766671 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury during fluoroscopic procedures has been recently addressed by The Joint Commission, which defined prolonged fluoroscopy resulting in a cumulative peak skin dose of ≥15 Gy to a single field as a sentinel event (FSE). Neuroendovascular procedures can be associated with a high radiation skin dose and present risks such as potential FSEs. Managing these risks is the responsibility of the interventional neuroradiologist. In this review, we discuss hospital policies needed for screening and preventing FSEs, methods for minimizing radiation-induced skin injury, and actions necessary to address potential FSEs once they have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Vance
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Anderson JA, Maan SS. Interspecific nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility controlled by genes on group 1 chromosomes in durum wheat. Genome 2012; 38:803-8. [PMID: 18470205 DOI: 10.1139/g95-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triticum longissimum cytoplasm is incompatible with the T. turgidum nuclear genome. Two nuclear genes, scs and Vi, derived from the nuclear genome of T. timopheevii and by a spontaneous mutation, respectively, restore nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility, normal plant vigor, and male fertility in these alloplasmic genotypes. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the chromosomal locations of scs and Vi; (ii) to identify DNA markers for scs and Vi; and (iii) to determine the interactions involving the dosage of scs and Vi. Two populations segregating for scs and Vi were produced and scored for seedling vigor (indicating presence of scs) and degree of self-fertility (indicating presence of Vi). Four RFLP markers were mapped near scs. Aneuploid analysis revealed that these markers, and hence the scs gene, are located on the long arm of chromosome 1A. Four RFLP markers were mapped near Vi on 1BS. Results indicated that other factors may be inhibiting the expression of Vi. We determined the dosage of scs and Vi in both populations with the aid of the linked RFLP markers. Individuals with two versus one dose of scs had reduced self-fertility, while individuals with two versus one dose of Vi had similar self-fertility.
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Blackburn T, Gallet J, Guild J, Arbique G, Anderson JA. SU-E-I-10: Putting Teeth into Your CT Dosimetry Program: Approaches to Cone- Beam Dental/Maxillofacial CT Dosimetry. Med Phys 2012; 39:3627. [PMID: 28519501 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and compare different approaches to the problem of dosimetry for limited field-of-view (FOV) cone beam CT devices for dental and maxillofacial applications. METHODS The determination of patient doses from specialized, cone-beam CT devices for dental and maxillofacial work requires medical physicists to re-evaluate their dosimetry methods. These devices work in cone-beam geometry, with an axial field dimension on the order of the lengths of the standard head CTDI phantom and pencil ionization chamber. They may also utilize less than 360 degree scans, resulting in asymmetrical radiation distributions. This operating regime is far from that for which conventional CT dosimetry was designed, and alternative approaches must be considered. The alternatives include extensions of conventional CT dosimetry currently used for large axial FOV scanners (e.g. the extended CTDI parameter (CTDIe) for the Toshiba Aquillion One with 160 mm axial FOV) and the new method based on point dosimetry measurements recently formalized in AAPM Report TG-111. Conventional, modified-conventional, and TG-111 dosimetry measurements are used in two CT dose phantoms (adult head and pediatric head) to obtain dose indices for the Planmeca ProMax 3D Max dental CT scanner. Surface dose maps are generated using radiochromic film for correlation with the chamber dosimetry. RESULTS Results for the three dosimetry approaches are compared for the specific case of the ProMax 3D Max scanner. Strengths and weaknesses of the three measurement paradigms for this type of application are compared. CONCLUSIONS The increasing availability of specialized scanners operating in full cone-beam mode will require the clinical medical physicist to be conversant with extensions to the CT dose index methodology suitable for this equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blackburn
- UT Southwestern Medical Ctr at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - J Gallet
- UT Southwestern Medical Ctr at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - J Guild
- UT Southwestern Medical Ctr at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - G Arbique
- UT Southwestern Medical Ctr at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - J A Anderson
- UT Southwestern Medical Ctr at Dallas, Dallas, TX
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Kolmer JA, Anderson JA. First Detection in North America of Virulence in Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) to Seedling Plants of Wheat with Lr21. Plant Dis 2011; 95:1032. [PMID: 30732072 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-11-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust resistance gene Lr21 is present in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Isolates of Puccinia triticina, the causal organism of wheat leaf rust, with virulence to this gene have not been previously detected in annual virulence surveys in the United States. (2). In 2010, hard red spring wheat cvs. Faller, RB07 (1), and Glenn, all with Lr21, had 0 to 5% levels of leaf rust severity, which was higher than in previous years in research plots in North Dakota and Minnesota. Leaf rust collections from wheat cultivars and germplasm lines with Lr21 at three locations in Minnesota and North Dakota were increased on plants of the leaf rust susceptible wheat Thatcher and the Thatcher line with Lr21. Single uredinia from the collections were isolated and increased on seedlings of Thatcher. The single uredinial isolates were inoculated to 7- to 8-day-old seedling plants of the set of 19 differential lines that are currently used in the leaf rust virulence surveys (2). Thatcher lines with Lr3bg, Lr14b, Lr20, and Lr23 were also tested. The isolates were also inoculated to seedling plants of hard red spring wheat cultivars with Lr21: Glenn, Steele-ND, Faller, RB07, Amidon, AC Cora, and McKenzie (3). Previous standardized methods for growing seedling plants, increase of rust isolates, inoculation, incubation, and evaluation of infection types (IT) were used (2). All tests with the Thatcher differential lines and the cultivars with Lr21 were repeated at least twice. Virulence phenotypes were described based on virulence to the 19 differentials in the P. triticina virulence nomenclature system used in the United States. (2). Two virulence phenotypes, TFBJQ and TFBGQ, with virulence to Lr21 were found at the three locations. TFBJQ is virulent (IT 3 to 4) to genes Lr1, 2a, 2c, 3, 10, 14a, 14b, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, and avirulent (IT 0 to 2+) to genes Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr9, Lr11, Lr17, Lr18, Lr30, LrB, and Lr39/41. TFBGQ was avirulent to Lr14a and Lr20, but identical to TFBJQ for virulence and avirulence to the other resistance genes. Isolates of both phenotypes were virulent on seedlings of Faller, Glenn, RB07 (1), Steele-ND, AC Cora, and Amidon. McKenzie had IT of 2+ due to the additional presence of Lr16 (3). Both TFBJQ and TFBGQ have intermediate IT of 2+ to Lr16; IT 2+3 to Lr23, and are completely virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, and Lr10 that are present in hard red spring wheat cultivars. Both phenotypes have high IT to Lr24 and Lr26 that are present in soft red winter wheat and hard red winter wheat cultivars. The Lr21 virulent phenotypes likely arose by mutation from the group of P. triticina genotypes in the simple sequence repeat group NA-5 (4) that have intermediate IT of ;2- to ;2+ to the Thatcher line with Lr21. P. triticina isolates with virulence to Lr21 are a new threat to wheat production since in 2010 more than 50% of the hard red spring wheat acreage in Minnesota and North Dakota relied on Lr21 for effective resistance to leaf rust. References: (1) J. A. Anderson et al. J. Plant Regist. 3:175, 2009. (2) J. A. Kolmer et al. Plant Dis. 94:775, 2010. (3) B. McCallum and P. Seto-Goh. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:387, 2010. (4) M. E. Ordoñez and J. A. Kolmer. Phytopathology 99:750, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kolmer
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Anderson JA, Guild JB, Arbique GM. MO-A(SAM)-211-02: Patient Dose Calculations in Fluoroscopy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wei WH, Skinner TM, Anderson JA, Southwood OI, Plastow G, Archibald AL, Haley CS. Mapping QTL in the porcine MHC region affecting fatness and growth traits in a Meishan/Large White composite population. Anim Genet 2011; 42:83-5. [PMID: 20477798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have mapped QTL regulating porcine fatness and growth traits to the region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on porcine chromosome 7 using various experimental crosses. The QTL results from crosses using the Chinese Meishan (MS) (slow growing and fat) are particularly interesting because the MS alleles have been found to be associated with increased growth rate and reduced backfat depth. We investigated these QTL further in a composite population derived previously over eight generations by intercrossing Meishan and the European Large White breeds. Genotype information from 32 markers in a 15cM target region was used in linkage and association analyses. A two-step variance component analysis identified QTL for three growth-related traits, explaining 19 ∼ 24% of the phenotypic variance with a confidence interval of 4 cM in the target region. SNP association analyses found that ss181128966 and ss181128924 within the QTL interval were strongly associated with the growth traits. Only weak signals for an effect on backfat depth were found in the association and linkage analyses, possibly because of past directional selection in the composite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wei
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
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Anderson JA, Sknepnek R, Travesset A. Design of polymer nanocomposites in solution by polymer functionalization. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:021803. [PMID: 20866830 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.021803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites, materials combining polymers and inorganic components such as nanosized crystallites or nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in recent years. A successful strategy for designing polymer nanocomposites is polymer functionalization via attaching functional groups with specific affinity for the inorganic component. In this paper, a systematic investigation by molecular dynamics of polymer functionalization for design of composites combining nanosize crystallites with multiblock polymers in solution is presented. It is shown that functionalization is an example of active self-assembly, where the resulting polymer nanocomposite exhibits a different type of order than the original pure polymer system (without inorganic components). Optimal polymer architectures and concentrations are identified appropriate for different applications, alongside an in-depth analysis on the origin and stability of the resulting phases as well as its experimental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
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Alvarez LW, Anderson JA, Bedwei FE, Burkhard J, Fakhry A, Girgis A, Goneid A, Hassan F, Iverson D, Lynch G, Miligy Z, Moussa AH, Sharkawi M, Yazolino L. Search for hidden chambers in the pyramids. Science 2010; 167:832-9. [PMID: 17742609 DOI: 10.1126/science.167.3919.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Crim C, Calverley PMA, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW, Willits LR, Yates JC, Vestbo J. Pneumonia risk in COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination: TORCH study results. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:641-7. [PMID: 19443528 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are important in reducing exacerbation frequency associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the risk of associated infections. In a post hoc analysis of the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study, we analysed and identified potential risk factors for adverse event reports of pneumonia in this randomised, double-blind trial comparing twice-daily inhaled salmeterol (SAL) 50 microg, fluticasone propionate (FP) 500 microg, and the combination (SFC) with placebo in 6,184 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD over 3 yrs. Despite a higher withdrawal rate in the placebo arm, after adjusting for time on treatment, a greater rate of pneumonia was reported in the FP and SFC treatment arms (84 and 88 per 1,000 treatment-yrs, respectively) compared with SAL and placebo (52 and 52 per 1,000 treatment-yrs, respectively). Risk factors for pneumonia were age > or =55 yrs, forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50% predicted, COPD exacerbations in the year prior to the study, worse Medical Research Council dyspnoea scores and body mass index <25 kg.m(-2). No increase in pneumonia deaths with SFC was observed; this could not be concluded for FP. Despite the benefits of ICS-containing regimens in COPD management, healthcare providers should remain vigilant regarding the possible development of pneumonia as a complication in COPD patients receiving such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Crim
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398, USA.
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Keene ON, Celli B, Anderson JA, Ferguson GT, Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Vestbo J, Knobil K, Yates JC, Calverley PMA. Lung function decline in COPD trials. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:708-9; author reply 709-10. [PMID: 19251815 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00169908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vestbo J, Anderson JA, Calverley PMA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Knobil K, Willits LR, Yates JC, Jones PW. Adherence to inhaled therapy, mortality and hospital admission in COPD. Thorax 2009; 64:939-43. [PMID: 19703830 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about adherence to inhaled medication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the impact on mortality and morbidity. METHODS Data on drug adherence from a randomised double-blind trial comparing inhaled salmeterol 50 microg + fluticasone propionate 500 microg twice daily with placebo and each drug individually in 6112 patients with moderate to severe COPD over 3 years in the TORCH study were used. All-cause mortality and exacerbations leading to hospital admission were primary and secondary end points. The study of adherence was not specified a priori as an ancillary study. RESULTS Of the 4880 patients (79.8%) with good adherence defined as >80% use of study medication, 11.3% died compared with 26.4% of the 1232 patients (20.2%) with poor adherence. The annual rates of hospital admission for exacerbations were 0.15 and 0.27, respectively. The association between adherence and mortality remained unchanged and statistically significant after adjusting for other factors related to prognosis (hazard ratio 0.40 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.46), p<0.001). The association was even stronger when analysing on-treatment deaths only. Similarly, the association between adherence and hospital admission remained unchanged and significant in a multivariate analysis (rate ratio 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.73, p<0.001). The association between increased adherence and improved mortality and reduction in hospital admission was independent of study treatment. The effect of treatment was more pronounced in patients with good adherence than in those with poor adherence. CONCLUSION Adherence to inhaled medication is significantly associated with reduced risk of death and admission to hospital due to exacerbations in COPD. Further research is needed to understand these strong associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vestbo
- Respiratory Medicine Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Maselli RA, Ng JJ, Anderson JA, Cagney O, Arredondo J, Williams C, Wessel HB, Abdel-Hamid H, Wollmann RL. Mutations in LAMB2 causing a severe form of synaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome. J Med Genet 2009; 46:203-8. [PMID: 19251977 PMCID: PMC2643050 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.063693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: We describe a severe form of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) associated with congenital nephrosis and ocular malformations caused by two truncating mutations in the gene encoding the laminin β2 subunit (LAMB2). Methods and results: Mutational analysis in the affected patient, who has a history of a serious untoward reaction to treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibition, revealed two frame-shifting heteroallelic mutations, a maternally inherited 1478delG and a paternally inherited 4804delC. An anconeus muscle biopsy demonstrated a profound distortion of the architecture and function of the neuromuscular junction, which was strikingly similar to that seen in mice lacking laminin β2 subunit. The findings included: pronounced reduction of the axon terminal size with encasement of the nerve endings by Schwann cells, severe widening of the primary synaptic cleft and invasion of the synaptic space by the processes of Schwann cells, and moderate simplification of postsynaptic folds and intact expression of the endplate acetylcholinesterase. The endplate potential quantal content was notably reduced, while the frequencies and amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials were only moderately diminished and the decay phases of miniature endplate potentials were normal. Western blot analysis of muscle and kidney tissue and immunohistochemistry of kidney tissue showed no laminin β2 expression. Conclusion: This case, which represents a new type of synaptic CMS, exemplifies the wide variability of phenotypes associated with LAMB2 mutations and underscores the fundamental role that laminin β2 plays in the development of the human neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Maselli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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Abstract
Polymers with both soluble and insoluble blocks typically self-assemble into micelles, which are aggregates of a finite number of polymers where the soluble blocks shield the insoluble ones from contact with the solvent. Upon increasing concentration, these micelles often form gels that exhibit crystalline order in many systems. In this paper, we present a study of both the dynamics and the equilibrium properties of micellar crystals of triblock polymers using molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that equilibration of single micelle degrees of freedom and crystal formation occur by polymer transfer between micelles, a process that is described by transition state theory. Near the disordered (or melting) transition, bcc lattices are favored for all triblocks studied. Lattices with fcc ordering are also found but only at lower kinetic temperatures and for triblocks with short hydrophilic blocks. Our results lead to a number of theoretical considerations and suggest a range of implications to experimental systems with a particular emphasis on Pluronic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Abstract
The CIMMYT-developed spring wheat 'Brambling' has a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Our objectives were to determine the genetic basis of resistance in seedlings and adult plants and the magnitude of genotype × environment effects on the expression of APR. Brambling was crossed with spring wheat 'Jupateco 73S' that is highly susceptible to current predominant P. triticina races in Mexico and the United States. The F1, F2:3, F4:5, F4:6, and F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated under artificial field epidemics in Mexico and St. Paul, MN. The RILs also were tested with five races of P. triticina in greenhouse seedling experiments. A DNA marker was used to postulate the presence of slow-rusting gene Lr34 in the RILs. F1 data suggested strong dominant effect of the APR genes in Brambling. The proportion of homozygous susceptible lines in each generation indicated the presence of three effective resistance genes in adult plants of Brambling in tests in Mexico and three or four genes in tests in St. Paul. The RILs segregated for seedling genes Lr14a and Lr23 and adult-plant slow-rusting gene Lr34 derived from Brambling and Lr17a from Jupateco 73S. Gene Lr23 conditioned APR to P. triticina races present in the St. Paul nursery and accounted for the additional effective gene at this location. Expression of APR was influenced by the environment in the RILs, even though Brambling displayed a consistent response, indicating that stability of APR can be achieved by combinations of slow-rusting resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - R P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - J A Kolmer
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico, INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, Chapingo, 56230 Edo de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Y Jin
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Anderson JA, Kennelly MM. Successful management of antenatal presentation of cor triatriatum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 140:137-8. [PMID: 17977640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mergoum M, Singh PK, Ali S, Elias EM, Anderson JA, Glover KD, Adhikari TB. Reaction of Elite Wheat Genotypes from the Northern Great Plains of North America to Septoria Diseases. Plant Dis 2007; 91:1310-1315. [PMID: 30780524 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-10-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum, and Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, are the main pathogens of the Septoria disease complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North America. This study was conducted to determine the disease reaction of 126 elite hard red spring, white, and durum wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines collected from the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada to SNB and STB. Seedlings of the 126 wheat genotypes were evaluated for resistance to SNB and STB under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, these 126 wheat genotypes also were infiltrated with culture filtrate of P. nodorum isolate Sn2000. Based on disease reactions, three cultivars (McNeal, Dapps, and Oklee) and 12 advanced breeding lines (CA-901-580W, 97SO254-8-1, MN03291, MN03308, WA007925, MT0245, ND756, ND801, ND803, ND808, ND809, and ND811) adapted to the northern Great Plains were found to be resistant to both Septoria diseases and insensitive to the culture filtrate. Additionally, eight genetically diverse lines and cultivars, including two tetraploid wheat genotypes, were identified to be resistant to both Septoria diseases. These results suggest that the wheat genotypes contain a broad genetic base for resistance to the Septoria diseases in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada, and the resistant sources identified in this study may be utilized in wheat-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology
| | - E M Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - K D Glover
- Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - T B Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University
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Abstract
Increasing evidence is emerging highlighting the role of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) during metastasis by regulating cell adhesion. The current study demonstrated that modulation of PTHrP expression by PTHrP overexpression and small interfering RNA-induced silencing resulted in changes in cell adhesion and integrin expression. RNA interference of endogenous PTHrP caused a significant reduction in cell adhesion of a breast cancer cell line to collagen type I, fibronectin and laminin (P<0.05) and of a colon cancer cell to collagen type I and fibronectin (P<0.05). Overexpression of PTHrP induced a significant increase in cell adhesion of colon (P<0.0001) and breast (P<0.05) cancer cells to the same extracellular matrix proteins. These PTHrP-mediated effects were attributed to changes in integrin expression as the differences in adhesion profile correlated with the integrin expression profile. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism whereby PTHrP regulates integrin expression, promoter activity of the integrin α5 subunit was analysed and significant increases in transcriptional activity were observed in PTHrP overexpressing cells (P<0.0001), which was dependent on nuclear localisation. These results indicate that modulation of cell adhesion is a normal physiological action of PTHrP, mediated by increasing integrin gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Anderson
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A M Grabowska
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S A Watson
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, D Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. E-mail:
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