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Gutsfeld S, Wehmas L, Omoyeni I, Schweiger N, Leuthold D, Michaelis P, Howey XM, Gaballah S, Herold N, Vogs C, Wood C, Bertotto L, Wu GM, Klüver N, Busch W, Scholz S, Schor J, Tal T. Investigation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Genes as Requirements for Visual Startle Response Hyperactivity in Larval Zebrafish Exposed to Structurally Similar Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:77007. [PMID: 39046251 PMCID: PMC11268134 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely detected in humans and the environment. Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) was previously shown to cause dark-phase hyperactivity in larval zebrafish. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which PFOS or PFHxS exposure caused hyperactivity in larval zebrafish. METHODS Swimming behavior was assessed in 5-d postfertilization (dpf) larvae following developmental (1-4 dpf) or acute (5 dpf) exposure to 0.43 - 7.86 μ M PFOS, 7.87 - 120 μ M PFHxS, or 0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After developmental exposure and chemical washout at 4 dpf, behavior was also assessed at 5-8 dpf. RNA sequencing was used to identify differences in global gene expression to perform transcriptomic benchmark concentration-response (BMC T ) modeling, and predict upstream regulators in PFOS- or PFHxS-exposed larvae. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing was used to knockdown peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars) pparaa/ab, pparda/db, or pparg at day 0. Knockdown crispants were exposed to 7.86 μ M PFOS or 0.4% DMSO from 1-4 dpf and behavior was assessed at 5 dpf. Coexposure with the ppard antagonist GSK3787 and PFOS was also performed. RESULTS Transient dark-phase hyperactivity occurred following developmental or acute exposure to PFOS or PFHxS, relative to the DMSO control. In contrast, visual startle response (VSR) hyperactivity only occurred following developmental exposure and was irreversible up to 8 dpf. Similar global transcriptomic profiles, BMC T estimates, and enriched functions were observed in PFOS- and PFHxS-exposed larvae, and ppars were identified as putative upstream regulators. Knockdown of pparda/db, but not pparaa/ab or pparg, blunted PFOS-dependent VSR hyperactivity to control levels. This finding was confirmed via antagonism of ppard in PFOS-exposed larvae. DISCUSSION This work identifies a novel adverse outcome pathway for VSR hyperactivity in larval zebrafish. We demonstrate that developmental, but not acute, exposure to PFOS triggered persistent VSR hyperactivity that required ppard function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gutsfeld
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leah Wehmas
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ifeoluwa Omoyeni
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Schweiger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Leuthold
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Michaelis
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xia Meng Howey
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shaza Gaballah
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nadia Herold
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Wood
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luísa Bertotto
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gi-Mick Wu
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nils Klüver
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Schor
- Department of Computational Biology and Chemistry, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Tal
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Chemicals in the Environment Research Section, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Bravo‐Estupiñan DM, Aguilar‐Guerrero K, Quirós S, Acón M, Marín‐Müller C, Ibáñez‐Hernández M, Mora‐Rodríguez RA. Gene dosage compensation: Origins, criteria to identify compensated genes, and mechanisms including sensor loops as an emerging systems-level property in cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22130-22155. [PMID: 37987212 PMCID: PMC10757140 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene dosage compensation hypothesis presents a mechanism through which the expression of certain genes is modulated to compensate for differences in the dose of genes when additional chromosomes are present. It is one of the means through which cancer cells actively cope with the potential damaging effects of aneuploidy, a hallmark of most cancers. Dosage compensation arises through several processes, including downregulation or overexpression of specific genes and the relocation of dosage-sensitive genes. In cancer, a majority of compensated genes are generally thought to be regulated at the translational or post-translational level, and include the basic components of a compensation loop, including sensors of gene dosage and modulators of gene expression. Post-translational regulation is mostly undertaken by a general degradation or aggregation of remaining protein subunits of macromolecular complexes. An increasingly important role has also been observed for transcriptional level regulation. This article reviews the process of targeted gene dosage compensation in cancer and other biological conditions, along with the mechanisms by which cells regulate specific genes to restore cellular homeostasis. These mechanisms represent potential targets for the inhibition of dosage compensation of specific genes in aneuploid cancers. This article critically examines the process of targeted gene dosage compensation in cancer and other biological contexts, alongside the criteria for identifying genes subject to dosage compensation and the intricate mechanisms by which cells orchestrate the regulation of specific genes to reinstate cellular homeostasis. Ultimately, our aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate nature of a systems-level property. This property hinges upon the kinetic parameters of regulatory motifs, which we have termed "gene dosage sensor loops." These loops have the potential to operate at both the transcriptional and translational levels, thus emerging as promising candidates for the inhibition of dosage compensation in specific genes. Additionally, they represent novel and highly specific therapeutic targets in the context of aneuploid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Bravo‐Estupiñan
- CICICA, Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer Research Center on Surgery and CancerUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado (SEP)Universidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Speratum Biopharma, Inc.Centro Nacional de Innovación Biotecnológica Nacional (CENIBiot)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Karol Aguilar‐Guerrero
- CICICA, Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer Research Center on Surgery and CancerUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Maestría académica en Microbiología, Programa de Posgrado en Microbiología, Parasitología, Química Clínica e InmunologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Steve Quirós
- CICICA, Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer Research Center on Surgery and CancerUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Laboratorio de Quimiosensibilidad tumoral (LQT), Centro de Investigación en enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Facultad de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Man‐Sai Acón
- CICICA, Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer Research Center on Surgery and CancerUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Christian Marín‐Müller
- Speratum Biopharma, Inc.Centro Nacional de Innovación Biotecnológica Nacional (CENIBiot)San JoséCosta Rica
| | - Miguel Ibáñez‐Hernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Rodrigo A. Mora‐Rodríguez
- CICICA, Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer Research Center on Surgery and CancerUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
- Laboratorio de Quimiosensibilidad tumoral (LQT), Centro de Investigación en enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Facultad de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
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3
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Yao W, Chen X, Cui X, Zhou B, Zhao B, Lin Z, Miao J. Esterase D interacts with metallothionein 2A and inhibits the migration of A549 lung cancer cells in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:373-381. [PMID: 36649442 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Esterase D (ESD) is a nonspecific esterase widely distributed in various organisms. ESD plays an important role in regulating cholesterol efflux, inhibiting viral replication and lung cancer growth. MT2A (metallothionein 2A) is the most important isoform of metallothionein (MTs) in human and high expression of MT2A in tumors represents poor prognosis and metastatic behavior. However, there are no reports about the molecular mechanism of ESD in the regulation of tumor metastasis. In this study, we found for the first time that activation ESD promoted its interaction with MT2A and decreased the protein level of MT2A, which resulting in the concentration of free zinc ions up-regulated, and inhibited the migration of A549 lung cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, School of Life Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangzhao Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoMin Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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4
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Chiang IKN, Graus MS, Kirschnick N, Davidson T, Luu W, Harwood R, Jiang K, Li B, Wong YY, Moustaqil M, Lesieur E, Skoczylas R, Kouskoff V, Kazenwadel J, Arriola‐Martinez L, Sierecki E, Gambin Y, Alitalo K, Kiefer F, Harvey NL, Francois M. The blood vasculature instructs lymphatic patterning in a SOX7-dependent manner. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109032. [PMID: 36715213 PMCID: PMC9975944 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing catalog of secreted factors critical for lymphatic network assembly, little is known about the mechanisms that modulate the expression level of these molecular cues in blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs). Here, we show that a BEC-specific transcription factor, SOX7, plays a crucial role in a non-cell-autonomous manner by modulating the transcription of angiocrine signals to pattern lymphatic vessels. While SOX7 is not expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), the conditional loss of SOX7 function in mouse embryos causes a dysmorphic dermal lymphatic phenotype. We identify novel distant regulatory regions in mice and humans that contribute to directly repressing the transcription of a major lymphangiogenic growth factor (Vegfc) in a SOX7-dependent manner. Further, we show that SOX7 directly binds HEY1, a canonical repressor of the Notch pathway, suggesting that transcriptional repression may also be modulated by the recruitment of this protein partner at Vegfc genomic regulatory regions. Our work unveils a role for SOX7 in modulating downstream signaling events crucial for lymphatic patterning, at least in part via the transcriptional repression of VEGFC levels in the blood vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy K N Chiang
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew S Graus
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nils Kirschnick
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Tara Davidson
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Winnie Luu
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Richard Harwood
- Sydney Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Keyi Jiang
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bitong Li
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yew Yan Wong
- The Genome Imaging CenterThe Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mehdi Moustaqil
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Emmanuelle Lesieur
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & MedicineThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Luis Arriola‐Martinez
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yann Gambin
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Friedmann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardio‐Vascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- The Genome Imaging CenterThe Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
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5
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Oberkersch RE, Lidonnici J, Santoro MM. How to Generate a Vascular-Labelled Transgenic Zebrafish Model to Study Tumor Angiogenesis and Extravasation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2572:191-202. [PMID: 36161418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2703-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of transgenic animals carrying exogenous DNA integrated in their genome is a routine in modern-day laboratories. Nowadays, the zebrafish system represents the most useful tool for transgenesis studies mainly due to easy accessibility and manipulation of the eggs, which are produced in high numbers and over a relatively short generation time. The zebrafish transgenic technology is very straightforward when coupled with angiogenesis studies allowing easy in vivo observation of the vertebrate embryonic vasculature. Here, we describe the most common technique to generate vascular-labelled transgenic zebrafish embryos and their applications to study tumor angiogenesis and visualize tumor extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lidonnici
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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6
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Xia Z, Yang X, Bi X, Tong X, Min J, Wang F. Zinc transporter Slc30a1 regulates melanocyte development by interacting with mt2 in zebrafish. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151272. [PMID: 36063588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential trace element zinc is involved in multiple biological processes including development and metabolism, while its role in melanocyte formation is still unclear. Slc30a1a and Slc30a1b are zinc exporters in zebrafish. Here, we found that melanocytes were increased in slc30a1a and slc30a1b double mutant zebrafish. SMART-seq data revealed that genes involved in the melanoma pathway and the gene mt2, which encodes zinc-binding protein, were significantly upregulated in the mutants. In addition, the expression of mt2 was specifically increased in mutant melanocytes, as detected by in situ hybridization, suggesting an essential role of this gene in the tissue. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that elevated zinc levels resulting from Slc30a1 deficiency promoted melanocyte proliferation and that mt2 played a protective role in the process of Slc30a1/zinc-mediated melanocyte hyperplasia. This study uncovered the critical function of Slc30a1-mediated zinc homeostasis in melanocyte development and suggests that accumulated zinc in melanocytes would be a risk for inducing melanoma and that mt2 is a potential target for controlling diseases related to abnormal melanocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Xia
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Bi
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Tong
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Min
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Tang W, Guo ZD, Chai WN, Du DL, Yang XM, Cao L, Chen H, Zhou C, Cheng CJ, Sun XC, Huang ZJ, Zhong JJ. Downregulation of miR-491-5p promotes neovascularization after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:577-586. [PMID: 34380897 PMCID: PMC8504397 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and migration; however, the effect of miR-491-5p on neovascularization after traumatic brain injury remains poorly understood. In this study, a controlled cortical injury model in C57BL/6 mice and an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in microvascular endothelial cells derived from mouse brain were established to simulate traumatic brain injury in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In the in vivo model, quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of miR-491-5p increased or decreased following the intracerebroventricular injection of an miR-491-5p agomir or antagomir, respectively, and the expression of miR-491-5p decreased slightly after traumatic brain injury. To detect the neuroprotective effects of miR-491-p, neurological severity scores, Morris water maze test, laser speckle techniques, and immunofluorescence staining were assessed, and the results revealed that miR-491-5p downregulation alleviated neurological dysfunction, promoted the recovery of regional cerebral blood flow, increased the number of lectin-stained microvessels, and increased the survival of neurons after traumatic brain injury. During the in vitro experiments, the potential mechanism of miR-491-5p on neovascularization was explored through quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction, which showed that miR-491-5p expression increased or decreased in brain microvascular endothelial cells after transfection with an miR-491-5p mimic or inhibitor, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter and western blot assays verified that metallothionein-2 was a target gene for miR-491-5p. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and 2?,7?-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay results confirmed that the downregulation of miR-491-5p increased brain microvascular endothelial cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative stress under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions. Cell scratch assay, Transwell assay, tube formation assay, and western blot assay results demonstrated that miR-491-5p downregulation promoted the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of brain microvascular endothelial cells through a metallothionein-2-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. These findings confirmed that miR-491-5p downregulation promotes neovascularization, restores cerebral blood flow, and improves the recovery of neurological function after traumatic brain injury. The mechanism may be mediated through a metallothionein-2-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway and the alleviation of oxidative stress. All procedures were approved by Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval No. 2020-304) on June 22, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zong-Duo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Na Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Lin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Kroll F, Powell GT, Ghosh M, Gestri G, Antinucci P, Hearn TJ, Tunbak H, Lim S, Dennis HW, Fernandez JM, Whitmore D, Dreosti E, Wilson SW, Hoffman EJ, Rihel J. A simple and effective F0 knockout method for rapid screening of behaviour and other complex phenotypes. eLife 2021; 10:e59683. [PMID: 33416493 PMCID: PMC7793621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of human genes are associated with neurological diseases, but translation into tractable biological mechanisms is lagging. Larval zebrafish are an attractive model to investigate genetic contributions to neurological diseases. However, current CRISPR-Cas9 methods are difficult to apply to large genetic screens studying behavioural phenotypes. To facilitate rapid genetic screening, we developed a simple sequencing-free tool to validate gRNAs and a highly effective CRISPR-Cas9 method capable of converting >90% of injected embryos directly into F0 biallelic knockouts. We demonstrate that F0 knockouts reliably recapitulate complex mutant phenotypes, such as altered molecular rhythms of the circadian clock, escape responses to irritants, and multi-parameter day-night locomotor behaviours. The technique is sufficiently robust to knockout multiple genes in the same animal, for example to create the transparent triple knockout crystal fish for imaging. Our F0 knockout method cuts the experimental time from gene to behavioural phenotype in zebrafish from months to one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth T Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paride Antinucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hande Tunbak
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Harvey W Dennis
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - David Whitmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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9
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Wang K, Dai X, He J, Yan X, Yang C, Fan X, Sun S, Chen J, Xu J, Deng Z, Fan J, Yuan X, Liu H, Carlson EC, Shen F, Wintergerst KA, Conklin DJ, Epstein PN, Lu C, Tan Y. Endothelial Overexpression of Metallothionein Prevents Diabetes-Induced Impairment in Ischemia Angiogenesis Through Preservation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF Signaling in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1779-1792. [PMID: 32404351 PMCID: PMC7519474 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and impaired endothelial regeneration. Thus, we tested whether increasing antioxidant protein metallothionein (MT) in EPCs promotes angiogenesis in a hind limb ischemia (HLI) model in endothelial MT transgenic (JTMT) mice with high-fat diet- and streptozocin-induced diabetes. Compared with littermate wild-type (WT) diabetic mice, JTMT diabetic mice had improved blood flow recovery and angiogenesis after HLI. Similarly, transplantation of JTMT bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) stimulated greater blood flow recovery in db/db mice with HLI than did WT BM-MNCs. The improved recovery was associated with augmented EPC mobilization and angiogenic function. Further, cultured EPCs from patients with diabetes exhibited decreased MT expression, increased cell apoptosis, and impaired tube formation, while cultured JTMT EPCs had enhanced cell survival, migration, and tube formation in hypoxic/hyperglycemic conditions compared with WT EPCs. Mechanistically, MT overexpression enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced oxidative stress in ischemic tissues. MT's pro-EPC effects were abrogated by siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α without affecting its antioxidant action. These results indicate that endothelial MT overexpression is sufficient to protect against diabetes-induced impairment of angiogenesis by promoting EPC function, most likely through upregulation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF signaling and reducing oxidative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hindlimb/pathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xia Fan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jiawei Fan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Experimental Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Edward C Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
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10
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Zimmer AM, Perry SF. The Rhesus glycoprotein Rhcgb is expendable for ammonia excretion and Na + uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 247:110722. [PMID: 32437959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In zebrafish (Danio rerio), the ammonia-transporting Rhesus glycoprotein Rhcgb is implicated in mechanisms of ammonia excretion and Na+ uptake. In particular, Rhcgb is thought to play an important role in maintaining ammonia excretion in response to alkaline conditions and high external ammonia (HEA) exposure, in addition to facilitating Na+ uptake via a functional metabolon with the Na+/H+-exchanger Nhe3b, specifically under low Na+ conditions. In the present study, we hypothesized that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of rhcgb would reduce ammonia excretion and Na+ uptake capacity, particularly under the conditions listed above that have elicited increases in Rhcgb-mediated ammonia excretion and/or Na+ uptake. Contrary to this hypothesis, however, larval and juvenile rhcgb knockout (KO) mutants showed no reductions in ammonia excretion or Na+ uptake under any of the conditions tested in our study. In fact, under control conditions, rhcgb KO mutants generally displayed an increase in ammonia excretion, potentially due to increased transcript abundance of another rh gene, rhbg. Under alkaline conditions, rhcgb KO mutants were also able to maintain ammonia excretion, similar to wild-type fish, and stimulation of ammonia excretion after HEA exposure also was not affected by rhcgb KO. Surprisingly, ammonia excretion and Na+ uptake were unaffected by rhcgb or nhe3b KO in juvenile zebrafish acclimated to normal (800 μmol/L) or low (10 μmol/L) Na+ conditions. These results demonstrate that Rhcgb is expendable for ammonia excretion and Na+ uptake in zebrafish, highlighting the plasticity and flexibility of these physiological systems in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Zimmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Cohen B, Tempelhof H, Raz T, Oren R, Nicenboim J, Bochner F, Even R, Jelinski A, Eilam R, Ben-Dor S, Adaddi Y, Golani O, Lazar S, Yaniv K, Neeman M. BACH family members regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by modulating VEGFC expression. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000666. [PMID: 32132179 PMCID: PMC7063472 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key processes during embryogenesis as well as under physiological and pathological conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), the ligand for both VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, is a central lymphangiogenic regulator that also drives angiogenesis. Here, we report that members of the highly conserved BACH (BTB and CNC homology) family of transcription factors regulate VEGFC expression, through direct binding to its promoter. Accordingly, down-regulation of bach2a hinders blood vessel formation and impairs lymphatic sprouting in a Vegfc-dependent manner during zebrafish embryonic development. In contrast, BACH1 overexpression enhances intratumoral blood vessel density and peritumoral lymphatic vessel diameter in ovarian and lung mouse tumor models. The effects on the vascular compartment correlate spatially and temporally with BACH1 transcriptional regulation of VEGFC expression. Altogether, our results uncover a novel role for the BACH/VEGFC signaling axis in lymphatic formation during embryogenesis and cancer, providing a novel potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hanoch Tempelhof
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Even
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Jelinski
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Adaddi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Merlos Rodrigo MA, Jimenez Jimemez AM, Haddad Y, Bodoor K, Adam P, Krizkova S, Heger Z, Adam V. Metallothionein isoforms as double agents - Their roles in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100691. [PMID: 32615524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich intracellular proteins with four major isoforms identified in mammals, designated MT-1 through MT-4. The best known biological functions of MTs are their ability to bind and sequester metal ions as well as their active role in redox homeostasis. Despite these protective roles, numerous studies have demonstrated that changes in MT expression could be associated with the process of carcinogenesis and participation in cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Hence, MTs have the role of double agents, i.e., working with and against cancer. In view of their rich biochemical properties, it is not surprising that MTs participate in the emergence of chemoresistance in tumor cells. Many studies have demonstrated that MT overexpression is involved in the acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs including cisplatin, anthracyclines, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mitomycin. The evidence is gradually increasing for a cellular switch in MT functions, showing that they indeed have two faces: protector and saboteur. Initially, MTs display anti-oncogenic and protective roles; however, once the oncogenic process was launched, MTs are utilized by cancer cells for progression, survival, and contribution to chemoresistance. The duality of MTs can serve as a potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarker and can therefore pave the way towards the development of new cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we review and discuss MTs as tumor disease markers and describe their role in chemoresistance to distinct anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana Maria Jimenez Jimemez
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Pavlina Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Dukinfield M, Maniati E, Reynolds LE, Aubdool A, Baliga RS, D'Amico G, Maiques O, Wang J, Bedi KC, Margulies KB, Sanz‐Moreno V, Hobbs A, Hodivala‐Dilke K. Repurposing an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of hypertrophic heart disease. J Pathol 2019; 249:523-535. [PMID: 31424556 PMCID: PMC6900130 DOI: 10.1002/path.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction combined with maladaptive cardiomyocyte morphology and energetics is a major contributor to heart failure advancement. Thus, dually enhancing cardiac angiogenesis and targeting cardiomyocyte function to slow, or reverse, the development of heart failure is a logical step towards improved therapy. We present evidence for the potential to repurpose a former anti-cancer Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-mimetic pentapeptide, cilengitide, here used at low doses. Cilengitide targets αvβ3 integrin and this protein is upregulated in human dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Treatment of mice after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) surgery with low-dose cilengitide (ldCil) enhances coronary angiogenesis and directly affects cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an associated reduction in disease severity. At a molecular level, ldCil treatment has a direct effect on cardiac endothelial cell transcriptomic profiles, with a significant enhancement of pro-angiogenic signalling pathways, corroborating the enhanced angiogenic phenotype after ldCil treatment. Moreover, ldCil treatment of Angiotensin II-stimulated AngII-stimulated cardiomyocytes significantly restores transcriptomic profiles similar to those found in normal human heart. The significance of this finding is enhanced by transcriptional similarities between AngII-treated cardiomyocytes and failing human hearts. Taken together, our data provide evidence supporting a possible new strategy for improved heart failure treatment using low-dose RGD-mimetics with relevance to human disease. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dukinfield
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Aisah Aubdool
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Reshma S Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Gabriela D'Amico
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Translational Research CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Translational Research CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Victoria Sanz‐Moreno
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala‐Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse SquareLondonUK
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14
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Wang QH, Zhang M, Zhou MH, Gao XJ, Chen F, Yan X, Lu F. High expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 3M predicts poor prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:876-884. [PMID: 31897202 PMCID: PMC6924177 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit M (EIF3M) is required for key steps in the initiation of protein synthesis, and dysregulation of EIF3M is associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic role of EIF3M in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. A total of 82 pathology specimens, 20 freeze-thawed tumors and 80 healthy controls were used to investigate the expression of EIF3M in colon adenocarcinoma through immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-qPCR and ELISA. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, the Oncomine database was used for analyzing EIF3M expression. The positive rate of EIF3M in colon adenocarcinoma was higher compared with that in normal colon tissues (62.20% vs. 29.27%; P<0.001). The mean score of EIF3M was also higher in colon adenocarcinoma compared with normal colon tissue (17.28±10.05 vs. 6.53±4.87; P<0.001). The levels of EIF3M expression in freeze-thawed tumors and serum from 20 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were higher than those in normal tissues and serum from healthy controls, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, positive expression of EIF3M was associated with tumor size (P=0.002) and Dukes' stage (P<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, EIF3M expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.003) and DFS (P=0.001). Oncomine database analysis showed a higher expression of EIF3M expression in colon adenocarcinoma compared with normal colon tissues, colon squamous cell carcinomas or gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In conclusion, EIF3M expression was associated with tumor size and Dukes' stage in colon adenocarcinoma. Hence, EIF3M is a potential prognostic indicator for colon adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wang
- Digestion Department, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- No. 1 Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhou
- Centralab Department, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Gao
- Pathology Department, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Pathology Department, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
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15
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Integrating microRNA and mRNA expression in rapamycin-treated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152494. [PMID: 31229277 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a relatively improved remission rate, but the poor outcomes are primarily due to resistance and relapse. Moreover, organs infiltration trends to occur during remission. Rapamycin was applied to treat malignancies for decades. In this investigation, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms and pathway changes during the T-ALL therapeutic process. T-ALL cell line Molt-4 cells were treated with rapamycin and performed microarray analysis to identify the deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs (log2 fold change>2 or <-2). To obtain regulatory miRNA/mRNA network, miRNA target prediction softwares and Cytoscape were used to plot and modularize the rapamycin treatment-related network. Surprisingly, the enriched pathways were not involved in mediating either cell death or apoptosis but were responsible for angiogenesis, cell survival, and anti-apoptosis, which is consistent with the Gene Ontology analysis and PPI network based on all deregulated mRNAs, indicating that these elements likely play a role in promoting Molt-4 cell survival or escaping from rapamycin. The expression of 3 miRNAs (miR-149-3p, miR-361-3p, and miR-944) and their putative targets, which play central roles in their module, were validated by qRT-PCR. These results provide novel insight into potentially relevant biological pathways for T-ALL cells escaping from chemotherapy or developing central nervous system infiltration.
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16
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhou L, Xu B, Ren X, He K, Nie L, Li X, Liu J, Yang X, Yuan J. Long-term iron exposure causes widespread molecular alterations associated with memory impairment in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:242-252. [PMID: 31136779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limited literature available indicates the neurotoxic effects of excessive iron, however, a deep understanding of iron neurotoxicity needs to be developed. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of excessive iron on learning and cognitive function in long-term iron exposure (oral, 10 mg/L, 6 months) of mice by behavioral tests including novel object recognition test, step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, and further analyzed differential expression of hippocampal proteins. The behavioral tests consistently showed that iron treatment caused cognitive defects of the mice. Proteomic analysis revealed 66 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins (30 increased and 36 decreased) in iron-treated mice as compared with the control ones. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the dysregulated proteins mainly included: synapse-associated proteins (i.e. synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), complexin-1 (CPLX1), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), neurochondrin (NCDN)); mitochondria-related proteins (i.e. ADP/ATP translocase 1 (SLC25A4), 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (YWHAZ)); cytoskeleton proteins (i.e. neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), tubulin beta-2B chain (TUBB2B), tubulin alpha-4A chain (TUBA4A)). The findings suggest that the dysregulations of synaptic, mitochondrial, and cytoskeletal proteins may be involved in iron-triggered memory impairment. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiafei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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17
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Ma Z, Zhu P, Shi H, Guo L, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Chen S, Zhang Z, Peng J, Chen J. PTC-bearing mRNA elicits a genetic compensation response via Upf3a and COMPASS components. Nature 2019; 568:259-263. [PMID: 30944473 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genetic compensation response (GCR) has recently been proposed as a possible explanation for the phenotypic discrepancies between gene-knockout and gene-knockdown1,2; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of the GCR remains uncharacterized. Here, using zebrafish knockdown and knockout models of the capn3a and nid1a genes, we show that mRNA bearing a premature termination codon (PTC) promptly triggers a GCR that involves Upf3a and components of the COMPASS complex. Unlike capn3a-knockdown embryos, which have small livers, and nid1a-knockdown embryos, which have short body lengths2, capn3a-null and nid1a-null mutants appear normal. These phenotypic differences have been attributed to the upregulation of other genes in the same families. By analysing six uniquely designed transgenes, we demonstrate that the GCR is dependent on both the presence of a PTC and the nucleotide sequence of the transgene mRNA, which is homologous to the compensatory endogenous genes. We show that upf3a (a member of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway) and components of the COMPASS complex including wdr5 function in GCR. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the GCR is accompanied by an enhancement of histone H3 Lys4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at the transcription start site regions of the compensatory genes. These findings provide a potential mechanistic basis for the GCR, and may help lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that treat missense mutations associated with genetic disorders by either creating a PTC in the mutated gene or introducing a transgene containing a PTC to trigger a GCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Zhang R, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Shi X, Crump D, Letcher RJ, Giesy JP, Liu C. Down-Regulation of hspb9 and hspb11 Contributes to Wavy Notochord in Zebrafish Embryos Following Exposure to Polychlorinated Diphenylsulfides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12829-12840. [PMID: 30335980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that key genes, other than ahr2, are present and associated with the development of a unique type of notochord malformation known as wavy notochord in early life stages of zebrafish following exposure to polychlorinated diphenylsulfides (PCDPSs). To investigate the potential mechanism(s), time-dependent developmental morphologies of zebrafish embryos following exposure to 2500 nM 2,4,4',5-tetra-CDPS, 2,2',4-tri-CDPS or 4,4'-di-CDPS were observed to determine the developmental time point when notochord twists began to occur (i.e., 21 h-postfertilization (hpf)). Simultaneously, morphometric measurements suggested that PCDPS exposure did not affect notochord growth at 21 or 120 hpf; however, elongation of the body axis was significantly inhibited at 120 hpf. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the retardation of body growth was potentially related with dysregulation of transcripts predominantly associated with the insulin-associated Irs-Akt-FoxO cascade. Moreover, knockdown and gain-of-function experiments in vivo on codifferentially expressed genes demonstrated that reduced expression of hspb9 and hspb11 contributed to the occurrence of wavy notochord. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that the notochord kinks and twists are triggered by the down-regulation of hspb9 and hspb11, and intensified by body growth retardation along with normal notochord length in PCDPS-exposed zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
- Association of Chinese Chemists and Chemical Engineers in Germany , Limburgerhof 67117 , Germany
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , P. R. China
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive , Ottawa , K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive , Ottawa , K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich proteins that play important roles in metal homeostasis and protection against heavy metal toxicity, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. In humans, MTs have four main isoforms (MT1, MT2, MT3, and MT4) that are encoded by genes located on chromosome 16q13. MT1 comprises eight known functional (sub)isoforms (MT1A, MT1B, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1M, and MT1X). Emerging evidence shows that MTs play a pivotal role in tumor formation, progression, and drug resistance. However, the expression of MTs is not universal in all human tumors and may depend on the type and differentiation status of tumors, as well as other environmental stimuli or gene mutations. More importantly, the differential expression of particular MT isoforms can be utilized for tumor diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of MTs in carcinogenesis and describes the differential expression and regulation of MT isoforms in various malignant tumors. The roles of MTs in tumor growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, microenvironment remodeling, immune escape, and drug resistance are also discussed. Finally, this review highlights the potential of MTs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and introduces some current applications of targeting MT isoforms in cancer therapy. The knowledge on the MTs may provide new insights for treating cancer and bring hope for the elimination of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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20
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Genetic polymorphisms (rs10636 and rs28366003) in metallothionein 2A increase breast cancer risk in Chinese Han population. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:547-555. [PMID: 28228606 PMCID: PMC5361680 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of MT2A are frequently observed in many different cancers. We performed this case-control study, including 459 breast cancer (BC) patients and 549 healthy controls from Northwest China, to evaluate the associations between two common MT2A polymorphisms (rs10636 and rs28366003) and BC risk. The MT2A polymorphisms were genotyped via Sequenom MassARRAY. The individuals with the rs28366003 A/G, A/G-G/G genotypes underwent a higher risk of BC (P<0.0001). And, the minor allele G of rs28366003 was related to an increased BC risk (P<0.0001). We also found a significantly increased BC risk with rs10636 polymorphism among homozygote and recessive models (P<0.05). Further subgroup analysis by clinical characteristics of BC patients showed that Scarff, Bloom and Richardson tumor grade (SBR) 1-2 have a higher expression of the minor allele of these two MT2A loci than SBR 3. Our results indicated that the rs10636 and rs28366003 polymorphisms in MT2A increased BC risk in Northwest Chinese Han population.
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21
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Pan S, An L, Meng X, Li L, Ren F, Guan Y. MgCl 2 and ZnCl 2 promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and invasion and stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4663-4670. [PMID: 29201165 PMCID: PMC5704337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that magnesium and zinc ions promote the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer/endothelial cells. However, the impact of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 on the migration, invasion and EMT of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the involved mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, HUVECs were incubated with various doses of MgCl2 and ZnCl2. The optimum concentrations of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 were selected by MTT assay. The migration and invasion capabilities of HUVECs were analyzed by Transwell assays. Subsequently, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and ELISA. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured by gelatin zymography. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to investigate cytoskeletal dynamics using Acti-stain™ 488 Fluorescent Phalloidin. Subsequently, the expression of EMT-related markers at the mRNA and protein levels and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were analyzed. The results identified increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity, indicating that MgCl2 and ZnCl2 promoted HUVEC migration and invasion. In addition, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 treatment induced cytoskeleton remodeling and stimulated EMT via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, characterized by a decrease in E-cadherin and increases in N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail. These results suggest that MgCl2 and ZnCl2 may enhance the migration and invasion capabilities of HUVECs and promote EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Liwen An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Liming Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, P.R. China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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22
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Abstract
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Chiu WC, Chiou TJ, Chung MJ, Chiang AN. β2-Glycoprotein I Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Suppressing the Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2, Akt, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161950. [PMID: 27579889 PMCID: PMC5006999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, and it plays a key role in various physiological and pathological conditions. The β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a plasma glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, some of which remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify the contribution of 2-GPI on the angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic factor that may regulate endothelial remodeling, and its underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that β2-GPI dose-dependently decreased the VEGF-induced increase in endothelial cell proliferation, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays. Furthermore, incubation with both β2-GPI and deglycosylated β2-GPI inhibited the VEGF-induced tube formation. Our results suggest that the carbohydrate residues of β2-GPI do not participate in the function of anti-angiogenesis. Using in vivo Matrigel plug and angioreactor assays, we show that β2-GPI remarkably inhibited the VEGF-induced angiogenesis at a physiological concentration. Moreover, β2-GPI inhibited the VEGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In summary, our in vitro and in vivo data reveal for the first time that β2-GPI inhibits the VEGF-induced angiogenesis and highlights the potential for β2-GPI in anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Chiu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Li X, Li S, Lu M, Yang G, Shen Y, Zhou X. Proteomic Profiling of Iron Overload-Induced Human Hepatic Cells Reveals Activation of TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2016; 21:322. [PMID: 26999096 PMCID: PMC6272870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic iron overload is common in patients who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and may predispose to peri- and post-HCT toxicity. To better reveal more molecules that might be involved in iron overload-induced liver injury, we utilized proteomics to investigate differentially expressed proteins in iron overload-induced hepatocytes vs. untreated hepatocytes. Methods and Results: HH4 hepatocytes were exposed to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to establish an in vitro iron overload model. Differentially expressed proteins initiated by the iron overload were studied by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS) analysis. We identified 93 proteins whose quantity statistically significantly changes under excess hepatocyte iron conditions. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins in HH4 cells are involved in various biological process including endocytosis, response to wounding, di-, trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis, inflammatory response, positive regulation of cytokine production, and etc. Meanwhile, proteomics data revealed protein level of TLR2 and IL6ST significantly increased 7 times and 2.9 times, respectively, in iron overloaded HH4 cells. Our subsequent experiments detected that FAC-treated HH4 cells can activate IL6 expression through TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses via the NF-κB pathway. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that iron overload induced hepatocytes triggering TLR2-mediated inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling pathway in HH4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Shiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mize Lu
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Guohua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China.
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