1
|
Ellithorpe ME, Adams RB. Preventive behavior intention for a viral outbreak among college students: The case of Mpox. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39083797 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2378312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine college students' behavior intention to reduce viral outbreak transmission in the context of Mpox, and what preventive messaging strategies would be most effective in future transmissible disease outbreaks based on the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA). PARTICIPANTS Undergraduates at a mid-Atlantic U.S. University. METHODS An online survey (n = 266) conducted at the height of the recent Mpox outbreak in the U.S., asked about five target behaviors to reduce Mpox transmission, including RAA determinants for each behavior. RESULTS Highest intention was safe sex practices, lowest were vaccination and sexual abstinence, and sharing dishes and fabrics were in between. RAA determinants differed by target behavior, although attitudes were significantly positively associated with intention for all five behaviors. CONCLUSIONS College students are potentially open to preventative behaviors to reduce viral transmission during an outbreak. However, specific target behavior matters and messaging should focus on differing RAA determinants depending on target behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn B Adams
- Department of Advertising and Brand Strategy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kossman MK, Kerr ZY, DeFreese JD, Kucera KL, Petschauer MA, Ribisl KM, Register-Mihalik JK. Concussion-Related Decision-Making by Certified Athletic Trainers: Implications for Concussion Prevention and Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:82. [PMID: 38248545 PMCID: PMC10815082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Concussions are a common sport-related injury that require appropriate initial care. Athletic trainers, often a primary source of healthcare for student-athletes, are key individuals involved in initial concussion diagnostic and management decisions. Challenges exist within the athletic environment that may hinder the consistency, efficacy, and/or effectiveness of concussion-related decision-making by athletic trainers, thereby impacting secondary concussion prevention and patient health. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that impact the intentions of athletic trainers to make appropriate concussion-related decisions under various circumstances. Overall, 1029 participants completed a survey examining educational precursors (quantity and quality of healthcare communication educational focus), demographic precursors (age, gender, educational degree, and employment setting), theory-based mediators (attitudes, perceived norms, and personal agency), and external mediators (knowledge, salience, and communication/collaboration practices) on appropriate concussion-related decision-making intentions. Data were analyzed using a two-step structural equation modeling approach. Quality of healthcare communication educational focus indirectly impacted appropriate concussion-related decision-making intentions via perceived behavioral control and communication/collaboration practices. Additionally, several factors impacted intentions to make appropriate concussion-related decisions directly including employment setting, self-efficacy, and general attitudes towards decision-making and concussions. Concussion prevention is aided by the initial and appropriate action taken by a healthcare professional to reduce immediate consequences; however, this action may be influenced by stakeholder relationships. These influential factors of decision-making may place athletes at further injury risk and negatively impact overall athlete health. As such, a sound theoretical framework incorporating the complexity of factors that may influence decision-making is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Kossman
- School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
- Sports Medicine and Community Health Research Lab, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Zachary Yukio Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.Y.K.); (K.L.K.)
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J. D. DeFreese
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.Y.K.); (K.L.K.)
- Center for Study of Retired Athletes, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen L. Kucera
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.Y.K.); (K.L.K.)
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meredith A. Petschauer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.Y.K.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Kurt M. Ribisl
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Johna K. Register-Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Z.Y.K.); (K.L.K.)
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Matthew Gfeller Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Langbaum JB. Tracking COVID-19 vaccination expectancies and vaccination refusal in the United States. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:297-316. [PMID: 36809232 PMCID: PMC10440367 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2181977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To identify factors that predict COVID-19 vaccination refusal and show how expectancies affect vaccination acceptance for non-vaccinated adults, we used a monthly repeated cross-sectional sample from June/2021 to October/2021 to collect data on vaccination behaviors and predictor variables for 2,116 US adults over 50 years of age. Selection bias modeling - which is required when data availability is a result of behavioral choice - predicts two outcomes: (1) no vaccination vs. vaccination for the entire sample and (2) the effects of expectancy indices predicting vaccination Refuser vs. vaccination Accepters for the unvaccinated group. Vaccine refusers were younger and less educated, endorsed common misconceptions about the COVID-19 epidemic, and were Black. Vaccination expectancies were related to vaccination refusal in the unvaccinated eligible group: negative expectancies increased vaccine refusal, while positive expectancies decreased it. We conclude that behavior-related expectancies (as opposed to more stable psychological traits) are important to identify because they are often modifiable and provide a point of intervention, not just for COVID-19 vaccination acceptance but also for other positive health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hennessy
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Ellithorpe ME, Maloney E, Jordan AB, Stevens R. Reducing Unhealthy Normative Behavior: The Case of Sports and Energy Drinks. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:394-405. [PMID: 34772291 PMCID: PMC10205043 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211055468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
American adolescents consume more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) than any other age group. Sports and energy drinks consumption among adolescents is higher than other SSBs. For sports drinks, there is uncertainty about their "healthiness" and also beliefs that these drinks may provide health benefits such as hydration, enhanced athletic performance, heightened mental alertness, and rapid recovery after exercise. Confusion about relative healthiness and expectations of health benefits suggest that factors that may encourage youth to avoid drinking sports and energy drinks, such as athletic status, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy, may necessitate different approaches to promoting avoidance of sports drinks compared with avoidance of energy drinks. Using a nationally representative U.S. probability-based web panel augmented by a volunteer nonprobability-based web panel of 500 adolescent participants aged 14 to 18 years, we used the reasoned action approach to model intention to avoid sports and to avoid energy drinks. The result show there are similarities and differences in the determinants associated with adolescents' avoidance of sports and energy drinks: attitudes and descriptive normative pressure are both related to increased avoidance for both types of drinks and perceived control over the avoidance behavior is positively associated for with intention to avoid for energy drinks. Sport identification, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy also play a different role in the sports and energy drink models. Based on our results, the content of prevention messages in interventions to limit sports drinks will need to be quite different from those targeted at reducing energy drink consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robin Stevens
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hovick SR, Rhodes N, Bigsby E, Thomas S, Freiberger N. Exploring direct and indirect predictors of heart disease information seeking. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTHCARE 2023; 16:21-29. [PMID: 36919807 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2022.2076549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the integrative model of behavioral prediction, we examined predictors of heart disease information seeking. We also examined demographic and individual factors associated with seeking-related perceived norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. METHODS Non-Hispanic White and Black participants, aged 45 and older, completed a cross sectional online survey (N = 383). Stepwise logistic and multiple linear regression models were tested to assess study hypotheses, as well as tests of indirect effects. RESULTS Perceived norms, attitudes and perceived behavioral control were positively associated with heart disease information seeking, but when controlling for distal variables only the perceived norm-behavior association remained significant (p <.05). Indirect effects of distal variables (race, heart disease risk, perceived heart disease susceptibility and information engagement orientation) on information seeking were also detected via perceived norms. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for the integrative model as a framework for predicting information seeking, but further highlight the important role of distal predictors and perceived norms on heart disease seeking intentions. When communicating to promote heart disease information acquisition, communicators should pay particular attention to promoting information seeking as a normative behavior, particularly among those who perceive a lower risk of heart disease and who may be less engaged with health information more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Hovick
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - N Rhodes
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - E Bigsby
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - S Thomas
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - N Freiberger
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mayl JJ, Vaala SE, Patel PV, Ritter MB, Richardson KM. Media Multitasking in Medical Students: A Theory-Based Approach to Understanding this Behavior. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35459431 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2056742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PHENOMENON While technology is useful and encouraged in medical school, the effect of media multitasking on academic performance remains concerning. Past research has investigated performance and cognitions associated with college students' in-class media multitasking behavior, but the extent and correlates among medical students is relatively unknown. APPROACH We surveyed medical students at our institution to quantify media multitasking behaviors and related beliefs, and we collected corresponding course grades. Our research applies the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction theory to analyze course and cognitive factors influencing media multitasking behavior in medical students. Correlation of media multitasking behavior with average and block grades assessed potential academic impact of the behavior. FINDINGS Media multitasking was common among medical students. Reported extent of media multitasking among medical students (N = 119) was not related to course grades but was driven by an interplay of beliefs about the behavior and specific course factors. Based on our hierarchical regression model, concerns about boredom appear to be the major cognitive belief underlying behavior. INSIGHTS Our findings, in the context of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction theory, show influential factors that impact medical students' behavior regarding media multitasking. A campaign targeting these factors influencing behavior may be the most effective approach to limit students' media multitasking and its potential impact on performance. Though our research did not find an association between the extent of media multitasking and course grades, our study was limited by self-report of media multitasking and relatively crude measures of academic performance. Further research is required to measure these behaviors and potential outcomes. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Mayl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah E Vaala
- Strategic Communications, Nido R. Qubein School of Communication, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paula V Patel
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew B Ritter
- Strategic Communications, Nido R. Qubein School of Communication, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karl M Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Maloney E, Young DG, Crowley J, Silk K, Langbaum JB. Psychosocial Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intention Among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults in the US. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:347-356. [PMID: 34596660 PMCID: PMC9272287 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccine uptake is an urgent public health priority. PURPOSE To identify psychosocial determinants (attitudes, normative pressure, and perceived behavioral control) of COVID-19 vaccination intentions for U.S. White, Black, and Hispanic adults, and how COVID-19 misperceptions, beliefs about the value of science, and perceived media bias relate to these determinants. METHODS Longitudinal online survey using two national samples (18-49 years old/50 years and older), each stratified by racial/ethnic group (n = 3,190). Data were collected in October/November 2020 and were weighted by race group to be representative. RESULTS Path analyses showed that more positive attitudes about getting vaccinated predict intention across age and racial/ethnic groups, but normative pressure is relevant among older adults only. Belief in the value of science was positively associated with most determinants across all groups, however the association of COVID-19 misperceptions and perceived media bias with the determinants varied by age group. CONCLUSIONS Messages that emphasize attitudes toward vaccination can be targeted to all age and racial/ethnic groups, and positive attitudes are universally related to a belief in the value of science. The varying role of normative pressure poses messages design challenges to increase vaccination acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Michael Hennessy
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Erin Maloney
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Dannagal G Young
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - John Crowley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jessica B Langbaum
- Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative, Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suleman A, Mootz JJ, Feliciano P, Nicholson T, O’Grady MA, Wall M, Mandell DS, Stockton M, Teodoro E, Anube A, Novela A, Mocumbi AO, Gouveia L, Wainberg ML. Scale-Up Study Protocol of the Implementation of a Mobile Health SBIRT Approach for Alcohol Use Reduction in Mozambique. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:1199-1208. [PMID: 34126774 PMCID: PMC8487890 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazardous drinking imposes a major public health burden worldwide, especially in low-income countries such as Mozambique. Implementation of the Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) approach to address problem drinking is recommended. However, evidence regarding the best strategies to implement SBIRT at scale is needed. METHODS Guided by the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance model, the authors will conduct a 2-year, cluster-randomized, hybrid type-2 implementation-effectiveness trial in 12 districts in Mozambique evaluating implementation, clinical effectiveness, outcomes, and cost. Eight districts will be randomly assigned to a mobile application-based health SBIRT condition and four to SBIRT-Conventional Training and Supervision. Interventions will be delivered by clinic-based community health workers. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will guide the authors' mixed-methods assessments throughout the study. RESULTS The study arm showing better cost-effectiveness will be scaled up in the other arms' districts. During this 12-month scale-up phase, Ministry of Health personnel will be charged with providing training, clinical activities, and supervision in all 12 districts without research team support. The SBIRT scale-up phase is critical to identify facilitators and barriers for tracking internal and external factors in clinics that continue using the superior arm and those that switch to it. NEXT STEPS In a multistep process with stakeholders from multiple sectors, outcomes and lessons learned from this study will inform the development of an implementation tool kit to guide SBIRT scale-up of community services addressing hazardous drinking in other low- and middle-income countries and low-resource settings in high-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António Suleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Jennifer J. Mootz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Paulino Feliciano
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique
| | | | - Megan A. O’Grady
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - David S. Mandell
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Stockton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Anibal Anube
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Ana Novela
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Mozambique
| | | | - Lidia Gouveia
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Mozambique
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang HJ(J, Min S, Woo H, Yurchisin J. Mask-Wearing Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between the United States and South Korea. FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021; 50:5-26. [PMID: 34898974 PMCID: PMC8652807 DOI: 10.1111/fcsr.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study identified and compared factors that directly and indirectly influenced face mask-wearing in the United States and South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic by applying the theory of reasoned action. The overall levels of attitudes and future mask-wearing behavioral intention were lower for United States than Korean participants (N US = 150 and N South Korea = 150). Differences between the groups were noted in the impact of norms and background characteristics on attitudes and behavioral intention. Messages communicating the importance of wearing masks should be tailored to different cultures. Americans should be encouraged to try wearing masks on their own while Koreans should hear about the social benefits of mask-wearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seoha Min
- California State Polytechnic University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duong HT, Monahan JL, Mercer Kollar LM, Klevens J. Identifying knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies among low-income Black, Latino and White parents. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:192-205. [PMID: 33447855 PMCID: PMC8043958 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Corporal punishment (CP) leads to detrimental mental and physical consequences for a child. One way to prevent CP is to encourage parents to apply alternative discipline strategies that do not involve violence. Based on the knowledge-behavior gap framework in public health education, this study analyzed the focus group data of 75 low-income Black, Latino and White parents to uncover commonalties and differences in their knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. Findings revealed that parents knew several alternative discipline strategies and had confidence in their ability to conduct these strategies. However, parents reported that some strategies were hard to implement because they lacked the relevant resources. Moreover, parents did not perceive that alternative discipline strategies were effective without using some forms of CP. Knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies are risk factors for child physical abuse and addressing them will help prevent injury and health impacts on children, while providing safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hue Trong Duong
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Monahan
- Department of Communication Studies, Franklin College of the Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Laura M. Mercer Kollar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joanne Klevens
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia Y, Shi LSB, Chang JH, Miao HZ, Wang D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: A cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:219-225. [PMID: 33547011 PMCID: PMC7826027 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an increasingly severe public health emergency. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has helped to combat COVID-19, public perception of TCM remains controversial. We used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify factors that affect the intention to use TCM. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey of 10,824 individuals from the general public was conducted between March 16 and April 2, 2020. The participants were recruited using a snowball sampling method. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, based on the TPB. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and TPB structures. Structural equation modeling was used to identify predictors of intention. Results The results indicated the model explained 77.5% and 71.9% of intention and attitude variance. Intention to use TCM had the strongest relationship with attitude (P < 0.001), followed by past behavior (P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (P < 0.001). Attitudes toward TCM were significantly affected by perceived behavioral control (P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001) and cognition of TCM (P < 0.001). Conclusion Attitude is a key factor in determining the intention to use TCM, followed by past behaviors, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Our results offer important implications for health policy makers to promote the use of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China; School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Shao-Bo Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Hui Chang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Zhang Miao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Developmental Model for Predicting Sport Participation among Female Korean College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145010. [PMID: 32664696 PMCID: PMC7400638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although participating in regular physical activity has many benefits, female Korean college students tend to have much lower participation rates than their male counterparts. An effective means of increasing physical activity among female college students is sport participation. The purpose of this study is to incorporate three types of psychological needs from self-determination theory as precursor background variables into the theory of planned behavior to predict sport participation among female Korean college students. Our dataset consisted of 494 female undergraduate students attending Kyung Hee University in South Korea. Using structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and psychological needs satisfaction such as competency, relatedness, and autonomy were examined. Although attitude towards and perceived behavioral control over sport participation were significantly associated with intention in all three models, subjective norm was not significantly associated with intention in any model. Satisfaction of the psychological needs for competency, relatedness, and autonomy had positive indirect effects on sport participation. This study underscores the importance of addressing the satisfaction of these three basic psychological needs when designing future sport promotion interventions for female college students.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee CG, Middlestadt SE, Seo DC, Lin HC, Macy JT, Park S. Incorporating environmental variables as precursor background variables of the theory of planned behavior to predict quitting-related intentions: a comparative study between adult and young adult smokers. Arch Public Health 2018; 76:66. [PMID: 30410755 PMCID: PMC6211396 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-018-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As previous studies suggest that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is open to the inclusion of further predictors, identifying a number of additional background variables within the context of the TPB may help improve the predictive power of the theory. The purpose of this study is to incorporate environmental variables as precursor background variables of the TPB to predict quitting-related intentions. METHODS This study consists of two sub-studies. Sub-study 1 and 2 analyzed different data sets and were conducted using the similar methodology for the comparison. A total of 395 Texas adult smokers (sub-study 1) and 379 university student smokers (sub-study 2) were analyzed using multiple structural equation modeling. RESULTS The extent of agreement with regulating smoking in public places had positive indirect effects on intention to quit through subjective norm among both Texas adult smokers (β = 0.03, p < .01) and university students (β = 0.01, p < .05), and through attitude among Texas adult smokers only (β = 0.02, p < .01). The number of smokers among 5 closest friends had negative indirect effect on intention to take measures to quit through subjective norm among Texas adult smokers (β = - 0.02, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that environmental variables need to be considered as precursor background variables of the TPB to predict quitting-related intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Gun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Susan E Middlestadt
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. Seventh Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7109 USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. Seventh Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7109 USA
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. Seventh Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7109 USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. Seventh Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7109 USA
| | - Seiyeong Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hagger MS, Polet J, Lintunen T. The reasoned action approach applied to health behavior: Role of past behavior and tests of some key moderators using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Soc Sci Med 2018; 213:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
Bleakley A, Ellithorpe ME, Hennessy M, Khurana A, Jamieson P, Weitz I. Alcohol, Sex, and Screens: Modeling Media Influence on Adolescent Alcohol and Sex Co-Occurrence. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:1026-1037. [PMID: 28276932 PMCID: PMC5572313 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1279585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use and sexual behavior are important risk behaviors in adolescent development, and combining the two is common. The reasoned action approach (RAA) is used to predict adolescents' intention to combine alcohol use and sexual behavior based on exposure to alcohol and sex combinations in popular entertainment media. We conducted a content analysis of mainstream (n = 29) and Black-oriented movies (n = 34) from 2014 and 2013-2014, respectively, and 56 television shows (2014-2015 season). Content analysis ratings featuring character portrayals of both alcohol and sex within the same five-minute segment were used to create exposure measures that were linked to online survey data collected from 1,990 adolescents ages 14 to 17 years old (50.3% Black, 49.7% White; 48.1% female). Structural equation modeling (SEM) and group analysis by race were used to test whether attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the effects of media exposure on intention to combine alcohol and sex. Results suggest that for both White and Black adolescents, exposure to media portrayals of alcohol and sex combinations is positively associated with adolescents' attitudes and norms. These relationships were stronger among White adolescents. Intention was predicted by attitude, norms, and control, but only the attitude-intention relationship was different by race group (stronger for Whites).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bleakley
- Corresponding author: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; , 215.573.1961
| | - Morgan E. Ellithorpe
- Department of Advertising & Public Relations, College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Michael Hennessy
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Patrick Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ilana Weitz
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McKeever R, McKeever BW. Moms and Media: Exploring the Effects of Online Communication on Infant Feeding Practices. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:1059-1065. [PMID: 27484216 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1196638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a survey of mothers with young children (N = 455), this study applies Fishbein and Ajzen's reasoned action approach (RAA) to examine the relationship between online communication and infant feeding practices. Contrary to expectations, attitudes, perceived normative pressure, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) did not fully mediate the relationship between time spent online and behavioral intentions. Our findings indicate a significant, direct, negative association between time spent online and breastfeeding intentions In this article, theoretical and practical implications for health communication are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert McKeever
- a School of Journalism and Mass Communications , University of South Carolina
| | - Brooke W McKeever
- a School of Journalism and Mass Communications , University of South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cederbaum JA, Rodriguez AJ, Sullivan K, Gray K. Attitudes, Norms, and the Effect of Social Connectedness on Adolescent Sexual Risk Intention. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:575-583. [PMID: 28691176 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky sexual behaviors put adolescents at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Parents, school-based adults, and peers play important roles in influencing these sex intentions. METHODS This work explored the influence of parent-child sex communication on adolescent attitudes, perceived norms, and intentions to have sex, including the moderating role of social support from school-based adults, in a sample of 21,731 adolescents in California. RESULTS Although increased parent-child sex communication was associated with intentions to have sex, it also exhibited protective effects, increasing abstinence attitudes among youth that led to decreased intention directly and via support from school-based adults. CONCLUSIONS Although many factors influencing sexual behaviors are largely intrapersonal, these findings indicate the importance of an ecological approach to reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors through engagement of parents and increased school connectedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, MRF 222, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Aubrey J Rodriguez
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Mental Health Care Line, 3601 South 6th Avenue, 4-116B, Tucson, AZ 85723
| | - Kathrine Sullivan
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, MRF 222, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Kandice Gray
- Department of Children and Family Services, 425 Shatto Place, Los Angeles, CA 90020
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Ellithorpe M. Prototypes reflect normative perceptions: implications for the development of reasoned action theory. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 23:245-258. [PMID: 28612624 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1339896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The reasoned action approach is one of the most successful behavioral theories in the history of social psychology. This study outlines the theoretical principles of reasoned action and considers when it is appropriate to augment it with a new variable. To demonstrate, we use survey data collected from a 4 to 17 year old U.S. adolescents to test how the 'prototype' variables fit into reasoned action approach. Through confirmatory factor analysis, we find that the prototype measures are normative pressure measures and when treated as a separate theoretical construct, prototype identity is not completely mediated by the proximal predictors of behavioral intention. We discuss the assumptions of the two theories and finally consider the distinction between augmenting a specific theory versus combining measures derived from different theoretical perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hennessy
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Amy Bleakley
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Morgan Ellithorpe
- b Department of Advertising and Public Relations , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Theoretical Implications of Gender, Power, and Sexual Scripts for HIV Prevention Programs Aimed at Young, Substance-Using African-American Women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:1175-1180. [PMID: 27981501 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV continues to be a major public health problem for African-American (AA) women, and the burden of new cases to our society is significant because each case is at risk of infecting others. Substance use worsens the risk of HIV transmission to AA women. We provide specific recommendations to move the concept of tailoring HIV prevention interventions for substance users forward by focusing on young, sexually active, substance-using AA women and applying a culturally relevant revision to existing theoretical frameworks to include the Sexual Script Theory and the Theory of Gender and Power. We encourage use of these theories to guide adaptation of interventions to demonstrate efficacy within this hard-to-reach population. Consistent use of theories designed to exploit powerlessness and sexual scripts as barriers to adoption of protective sexual behaviors has potential to permeate sexual and substance use networks among African-Americans. This recommendation is being made because this theoretical framework has not been used in HIV prevention interventions targeting young, sexually active, substance-using AA women.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kirkpatrick Evaluation of Theory-Based Educational Program for Low Back Pain Management in Teachers. Trauma Mon 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.35976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
21
|
Kamalikhah T, Morowatisharifabad MA, Rezaei-Moghaddam F, Ghasemi M, Gholami-Fesharaki M, Goklani S. Alexander Technique Training Coupled With an Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction in Teachers With Low Back Pain. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e31218. [PMID: 28144457 PMCID: PMC5253206 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP) experience major physical, social, and occupational disruptions. Strong evidence confirms the effectiveness of Alexander technique (AT) training for CLBP. OBJECTIVES The present study applied an integrative model (IM) of behavioral prediction for improvement of AT training. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study of female teachers with nonspecific LBP in southern Tehran in 2014. Group A contained 42 subjects and group B had 35 subjects. In group A, AT lessons were designed based on IM constructs, while in group B, AT lessons only were taught. The validity and reliability of the AT questionnaire were confirmed using content validity (CVR 0.91, CVI 0.96) and Cronbach's α (0.80). The IM constructs of both groups were measured after the completion of training. Statistical analysis used independent and paired samples t-tests and the univariate generalized linear model (GLM). RESULTS Significant differences were recorded before and after intervention (P < 0.001) for the model constructs of intention, perceived risk, direct attitude, behavioral beliefs, and knowledge in both groups. Direct attitude and behavioral beliefs in group A were higher than in group B after the intervention (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The educational framework provided by IM for AT training improved attitude and behavioral beliefs that can facilitate the adoption of AT behavior and decreased CLBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Kamalikhah
- Department of Health Education, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | | | - Farid Rezaei-Moghaddam
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Army University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Salma Goklani
- Rehabilitation Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
HIV vaccine acceptability among high-risk drug users in Appalachia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:537. [PMID: 24885970 PMCID: PMC4065595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A vaccine could substantially impact the HIV epidemic, but inadequate uptake is a serious concern. Unfortunately, people who use drugs, particularly those residing in rural communities, have been underrepresented in previous research on HIV vaccine acceptability. This study examined HIV vaccine acceptability among high-risk drug users in a rural community in the United States. Methods Interviewer-administered questionnaires included questions about risk behavior and attitudes toward HIV vaccination from 433 HIV-negative drug users (76% with history of injection) enrolled in a cohort study in Central Appalachia. HIV vaccine acceptability was measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine correlates to self-report of being “very likely” to receive a 90% effective HIV vaccine (i.e. “maximum vaccine acceptability”, or MVA). Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Results Most (91%) reported that they would accept a preventive HIV vaccine, but concerns about cost, dosing, transportation constraints, vaccine-induced seropositivity, and confidentiality were expressed. Cash incentives, oral-administration, and peer/partner encouragement were anticipated facilitators of uptake. In multivariate analysis, men were significantly less likely to report MVA (AOR: 0.33, CI: 0.21 – 0.52). MVA was more common among participants who believed that they were susceptible to HIV (AOR: 2.31, CI: 1.28 – 4.07), that an HIV vaccine would benefit them (AOR: 2.80, CI: 1.70 – 4.64), and who had positive experiential attitudes toward HIV vaccination (AOR: 1.85, CI: 1.08 – 3.17). MVA was also more common among participants who believed that others would encourage them to get vaccinated and anticipated that their behavior would be influenced by others' encouragement (AOR: 1.81, 95% 1.09 – 3.01). Conclusions To our knowledge, this study was among the first to explore and provide evidence for feasibility of HIV vaccination in a rural, high-risk population in the United States. This study provides preliminary evidence that gender-specific targeting in vaccine promotion may be necessary to promoting vaccine uptake in this setting, particularly among men. The data also underscore the importance of addressing perceived risks and benefits, social norms, and logistical constraints in efforts to achieve widespread vaccine coverage in this high-risk population.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vaala SE, Hornik RC. Predicting US Infants' and Toddlers' TV/Video Viewing Rates: Mothers' Cognitions and Structural Life Circumstances. JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA 2014; 8:163-182. [PMID: 25489335 PMCID: PMC4256051 DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2013.824494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been rising international concern over media use with children under two. As little is known about the factors associated with more or less viewing among very young children, this study examines maternal factors predictive of TV/video viewing rates among American infants and toddlers. Guided by the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, this survey study examines relationships between children's rates of TV/video viewing and their mothers' structural life circumstances (e.g., number of children in the home; mother's screen use), and cognitions (e.g., attitudes; norms). Results suggest that mothers' structural circumstances and cognitions respectively contribute independent explanatory power to the prediction of children's TV/video viewing. Influence of structural circumstances is partially mediated through cognitions. Mothers' attitudes as well as their own TV/video viewing behavior were particularly predictive of children's viewing. Implications of these findings for international efforts to understand and reduce infant/toddler TV/video exposure are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Callahan TJ, Caldwell Hooper AE, Thayer RE, Magnan RE, Bryan AD. Relationships between marijuana dependence and condom use intentions and behavior among justice-involved adolescents. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:2715-24. [PMID: 23370834 PMCID: PMC3676463 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the relationships among marijuana dependence, a theoretical model of condom use intentions, and subsequent condom use behavior in justice-involved adolescents. Participants completed baseline measures of prior sexual and substance use behavior. Of the original 720 participants, 649 (90.13 %) completed follow-up measures 6 months later. There were high levels of marijuana use (58.7 % met criteria for dependence) and risky sexual behavior among participants. Baseline model constructs were associated with condom use intentions, and intentions were a significant predictor of condom use at follow-up. Marijuana dependence did not significantly influence the relationships between model constructs, nor did it moderate the relationship of model constructs with subsequent condom use. Findings suggest that the theoretical model of condom use intentions is equally valid regardless of marijuana dependence status, suggesting that interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior among both marijuana dependent and non-dependent justice-involved adolescents can be appropriately based on the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Callahan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 345, Muenzinger Psychology Building, RM. D244, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gottfried JA, Vaala SE, Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Jordan A. Does the Effect of Exposure to TV Sex on Adolescent Sexual Behavior Vary by Genre? COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2013; 40:10.1177/0093650211415399. [PMID: 24187395 PMCID: PMC3812950 DOI: 10.1177/0093650211415399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using the Integrated Model of Behavioral Prediction, this study examines the effects of exposure to sexual content on television by genre, specifically looking at comedy, drama, cartoon, and reality programs, on adolescents' sex-related cognitions and behaviors. Additionally, we compared the amount and explicitness of sexual content as well as the frequency of risk and responsibility messages in these four genres. Findings show that overall exposure to sexual content on television was not related to teens' engagement in sexual intercourse the following year. When examined by genre, exposure to sexual content in comedies was positively associated while exposure to sexual content in dramas was negatively associated with attitudes regarding sex, perceived normative pressure, intentions, and engaging in sex one year later. Implications of adolescent exposure to various types of content and for using genre categories to examine exposure and effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Gottfried
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah E. Vaala
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 S. 36 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael Hennessy
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 S. 36 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amy Jordan
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 S. 36 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reid AE, Aiken LS. Integration of five health behaviour models: common strengths and unique contributions to understanding condom use. Psychol Health 2011; 26:1499-520. [PMID: 21678166 PMCID: PMC3175333 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.572259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to select from the health belief model (HBM), theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behaviour (TPB), information-motivation-behavioural skills model (IMB) and social cognitive theory (SCT) the strongest longitudinal predictors of women's condom use and to combine these constructs into a single integrated model of condom use. The integrated model was evaluated for prediction of condom use among young women who had steady versus casual partners. At Time 1, all constructs of the five models and condom use were assessed in an initial and a replication sample (n = 193, n = 161). Condom use reassessed 8 weeks later (Time 2) served as the main outcome. Information from IMB, perceived susceptibility, benefits, and barriers from HBM, self-efficacy and self-evaluative expectancies from SCT, and partner norm and attitudes from TPB served as indirect or direct predictors of condom use. All paths replicated across samples. Direct predictors of behaviour varied with relationship status: self-efficacy significantly predicted condom use for women with casual partners, while attitude and partner norm predicted for those with steady partners. Integrated psychosocial models, rich in constructs and relationships drawn from multiple theories of behaviour, may provide a more complete characterisation of health protective behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allecia E Reid
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hull SJ, Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Fishbein M, Jordan A. Identifying the causal pathways from religiosity to delayed adolescent sexual behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2011; 48:543-53. [PMID: 20960362 PMCID: PMC4558903 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2010.521868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study used the Integrative Model as a framework to examine whether religiosity delays onset of coitus among a longitudinal sample of virgins, and investigated the causal pathways of this relationship. In addition, this study examined the behavioral beliefs about the consequences of engaging in sex, which distinguishes between youth who vary in level of religiosity. A further analysis was also conducted to examine whether religiosity offers protective effects in terms of progression toward sexual intercourse on a sexual behavior index. The sexual behavior index assumes a progressive nature of sexual behaviors, and includes the following seven behaviors: kissing, having breasts touched (touching for boys), genital touching, receiving oral sex, vaginal intercourse, giving oral sex, and receiving (or giving) anal sex. Religiosity at baseline was negatively associated with sexual debut one year later. This relationship was mediated through attitudes toward personally engaging in sexual intercourse. Religiosity at baseline was also negatively associated with scores on the sexual behavior index one year later. These results suggest that religiosity offers protective effects for both coital and noncoital sexual behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawnika J Hull
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication , University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Broaddus MR, Schmiege SJ, Bryan AD. An expanded model of the temporal stability of condom use intentions: gender-specific predictors among high-risk adolescents. Ann Behav Med 2011; 42:99-110. [PMID: 21347619 PMCID: PMC3140620 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-011-9266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents involved with the criminal justice system are at particularly high-risk for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted infections. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine gender-specific models of condom use, incorporating temporal stability of intentions. METHODS Adolescents on probation (N=728) were recruited to complete longitudinal surveys including measures of Theory of Planned Behavior and gender-specific constructs, relationship length, and condom use. RESULTS Gender-specific models of condom use behavior suggested by previous research were mostly replicated. For young women, the effect of baseline intentions on subsequent condom use behavior was stronger when intentions were either stable or increasing. For young men, more stable, increasing intentions were directly associated with more condom use. There was preliminary evidence to suggest an association between temporal stability of intentions and decreasing condom use in stable relationships. CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts should be tailored by gender and aim to forestall decreasing intentions and condom use over time by addressing difficulties in maintaining condom use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Broaddus
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Fishbein M, Jordan A. Using the Integrative Model to explain how exposure to sexual media content influences adolescent sexual behavior. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 38:530-40. [PMID: 21606378 DOI: 10.1177/1090198110385775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Published research demonstrates an association between exposure to media sexual content and a variety of sex-related outcomes for adolescents. What is not known is the mechanism through which sexual content produces this "media effect" on adolescent beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. Using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, this article uses data from a longitudinal study of adolescents ages 16 to 18 (N = 460) to determine how exposure to sexual media content influences sexual behavior. Path analysis and structural equation modeling demonstrated that intention to engage in sexual intercourse is determined by a combination of attitudes, normative pressure, and self-efficacy but that exposure to sexual media content only affects normative pressure beliefs. By applying the Integrative Model, we are able to identify which beliefs are influenced by exposure to media sex and improve the ability of health educators, researchers, and others to design effective messages for health communication campaigns and messages pertaining to adolescents' engaging in sexual intercourse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bleakley
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Relation Between Smoke-Free Air Laws and Quitting Intentions. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 39:27-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198111404702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Smoke-free air policies have been shown to reduce smoking, but the mechanism of behavior change is not well understood. The authors used structural equation modeling to conduct a theory of planned behavior analysis with data from 395 smokers living in seven Texas cities, three with a comprehensive smoke-free air law and four without a comprehensive law. Agreement with regulating smoking in public places was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived normative pressure about quitting. Nicotine dependence was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived behavioral control. There was also a direct effect of nicotine dependence on intention to take measures to quit smoking. Smoke-free air laws appear to influence quitting intentions through the formation of positive attitudes about regulating smoking in public places and the perception of normative pressure to take measures to quit. Implications for smoke-free air policy campaigns and challenges in evaluating their effectiveness are discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hendershot CS, Magnan RE, Bryan AD. Associations of marijuana use and sex-related marijuana expectancies with HIV/STD risk behavior in high-risk adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 24:404-14. [PMID: 20853925 DOI: 10.1037/a0019844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies suggest an association of marijuana use with increased rates of sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Most studies have focused on global associations of marijuana use with sexual risk outcomes and few have examined relevant cognitive variables. Adolescents in the juvenile justice system are at elevated risk for HIV/STDs and preliminary evidence suggests that marijuana is a potentially important cofactor for sexual risk behavior in this population. This study evaluated global, situational and event-level associations of marijuana use and sex-related marijuana expectancies with sexual risk outcomes in a large, racially diverse sample of adjudicated youth (n = 656, 66% male, mean age = 16.7 years). Cross-sectional and prospective analyses identified associations of marijuana use and dependence symptoms with sexual risk outcomes, including lower frequency of condom use and higher STD incidence. Stronger sex-related marijuana expectancies predicted greater intentions for and frequency of marijuana use in sexual situations. In event-level analyses that controlled for alcohol, marijuana use predicted a significantly decreased likelihood of condom use; this association was moderated by sex-related marijuana expectancies. Mediation analyses suggested that behavioral intentions partly accounted for the prospective association of expectancies with marijuana use before sex. These results provide further evidence that marijuana use is a potentially important cofactor for HIV/STD transmission in high-risk adolescents and suggest that cognitive factors could be important for characterizing this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hendershot
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hollub AV, Reece M, Herbenick D, Hensel DJ, Middlestadt SE. College students and condom attitude: validation of the Multi-Factor Attitude toward Condoms Scale (MFACS). JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2011; 59:708-714. [PMID: 21950251 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.546462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexually transmitted infections and the human immunodeficiency virus incidence rates remain high among college-aged individuals. This study examined the validity and reliability of the Multi-Factor Attitude toward Condoms Scale (MFACS). PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited from a large midwestern university during February and March 2009. METHODS Data were collected using in-class data collection with a test-retest design from undergraduate courses. A total of 442 surveys were collected during initial testing and 421 during retesting. RESULTS Reliability assessments indicated a sufficient Cronbach's alpha for the total scale (α = .805) and each subscale: affective (α = .790), perceived effectiveness (α = .795), and manageability (α = .751). Further analyses provide evidence of construct validity. CONCLUSIONS The study reaffirmed the psychometric properties of the MFACS among a sample of college students. The MFACS provides a contemporary way to examine condom attitudes as sexual health research is moving beyond only disease prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane V Hollub
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Busse P, Fishbein M, Bleakley A, Hennessy M. The Role of Communication with Friends in Sexual Initiation. COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2010; 37:239-255. [PMID: 20613973 PMCID: PMC2897170 DOI: 10.1177/0093650209356393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies a theoretical mechanism through which communication with friends about sex influences sexual initiation in a sample of adolescents. The Integrative Model was used to assess the effect of attitudes, normative pressure and self efficacy on intentions to have sex in a sample of virgin adolescents. Results show that the constructs of the theory partially mediated the effect of communication with friends on subsequent sexual initiation. The effect of communication with friends on sexual initiation was not different for males and females. Overall, the results suggest how conversations with friends about sex influence adolescents' intentions to initiate sexual intercourse, which in turn influence subsequent sexual initiation.
Collapse
|