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Davis A, Gourdine R. Intersectionality and Social Security Age-18 Redetermination: Reducing the Stress and Trauma of Transition for Black Transition-Age Youth with Disabilities. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2023; 40:513-523. [PMID: 38031577 PMCID: PMC10686266 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Greater attention is being paid to the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities. We are also at a period of reckoning with the vestiges of slavery, Jim Crow, and a lack of constitutional protections for Black-identifying persons. The contemporary impact of inequitable access to opportunities, services, and supports that would improve the quality of life of racialized Black individuals has added consequences for Black youth with disabilities. A sub-population of youth with disabilities receives monthly support in the form of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), with a disproportionate number of Black-identifying youth qualifying for SSI. Such youth are impacted by the intersectionality of racism, disability, and poverty. The outcome of an SSI age-18 redetermination can be precarious and occurs in the backdrop of these intersectional forces, impacting the life course of racialized Black youth and their families on a scale that is concerning. The authors describe the time frames of pre age-18 redetermination, age-18 redetermination and post age-18 redetermination in the contexts of intersectionality and transition, and articulate what type of services and supports can reduce the experience of chronic stress in the lives of racialized Black youth facing an SSI age-18 redetermination, and thereby improve the outcomes of these youth as they transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Davis
- Johns Hopkins University, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruby Gourdine
- Professor Emeritus, Howard University, 601 Howard Place NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Teplin LA, Potthoff LM, Aaby DA, Welty LJ, Dulcan MK, Abram KM. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in a 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths Involved in the Juvenile Justice System. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e205807. [PMID: 33818599 PMCID: PMC8022269 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Previous studies have found that one-half to three-quarters of youths detained in juvenile justice facilities have 1 or more psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the course of their disorders as they age. Objective To examine the prevalence, comorbidity, and continuity of 13 psychiatric disorders among youths detained in a juvenile justice facility during the 15 years after detention up to a median age of 31 years, with a focus on sex and racial/ethnic differences. Design, Setting, and Participants The Northwestern Juvenile Project is a longitudinal cohort study of health needs and outcomes of 1829 randomly selected youths in a temporary juvenile detention center in Cook County, Illinois. Youths aged 10 to 18 years were interviewed in detention from November 20, 1995, through June 14, 1998. Participants were reinterviewed up to 12 times during the 15-year study period through February 2015, for a total of 16 372 interviews. The sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White), age (10-13 years or 14-18 years), and legal status (processed in juvenile or adult court). Data analysis was conducted from February 2014, when data preparation began, to March 2020. Exposures Detention in a juvenile justice facility. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychiatric disorders, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version 2.3 at the baseline interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, version IV; and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (beginning at the 6-year follow-up interview). Results The study included 1829 youths sampled at baseline (1172 males and 657 females; mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Although prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders decreased as the 1829 participants aged, 52.3% of males and 30.9% of females had at least 1 or more psychiatric disorders 15 years postdetention. Among participants with a disorder at baseline, 64.3% of males and 34.8% of females had a disorder 15 years later. Compared with females, males had 3.37 times the odds of persisting with a psychiatric disorder 15 years after baseline (95% CI, 1.79-6.35). Compared with Black participants and Hispanic participants, non-Hispanic White participants had 1.6 times the odds of behavioral disorders (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.91 and odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.05, respectively) and greater than 1.3 times the odds of substance use disorders (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.55-2.33 and odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.73, respectively) throughout the follow-up period. Behavioral disorders and substance use disorders were the most prevalent 15 years after detention. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that persistent psychiatric disorders may complicate the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which is already challenging for youths involved in the juvenile justice system, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minority groups and low-income backgrounds. The pediatric health community should advocate for early identification and treatment of disorders among youths in the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Teplin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren M. Potthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A. Aaby
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah J. Welty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mina K. Dulcan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen M. Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Fallon LM, Veiga MB, Susilo A, Robinson‐Link P, Berkman TS, Minami T, Kilgus SP. Exploring the relationship between teachers' perceptions of cultural responsiveness, student risk, and classroom behavior. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Fallon
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Margarida B. Veiga
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Annisha Susilo
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Patrick Robinson‐Link
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Talia S. Berkman
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Takuya Minami
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Stephen P. Kilgus
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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Nooteboom LA, Mulder EA, Kuiper CHZ, Colins OF, Vermeiren RRJM. Towards Integrated Youth Care: A Systematic Review of Facilitators and Barriers for Professionals. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 48:88-105. [PMID: 32424453 PMCID: PMC7803720 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-020-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To overcome fragmentation in support for children and their families with multiple and enduring problems across life domains, professionals increasingly try to organize integrated care. However, it is unclear what facilitators and barriers professionals experience when providing this integrated care. Our systematic review, including 55 studies from a broad variety of settings in Youth Care, showed that integrated care on a professional level is a multi-component entity consisting of several facilitators and barriers. Findings were clustered in seven general themes: ‘Child’s environment’, ‘Preconditions’, ‘Care process’, ‘Expertise’, ‘Interprofessional collaboration’, ‘Information exchange’, and ‘Professional identity’. The identified facilitators and barriers were generally consistent across studies, indicating broad applicability across settings and professional disciplines. This review clearly shows that when Youth Care professionals address a broad spectrum of problems, a variety of facilitators and barriers should be considered. Registration PROSPERO, registration number CRD42018084527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Nooteboom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva A Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Academic Workplace Youth at Risk, Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre - Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H Z Kuiper
- Leiden University of Applied Sciences, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Horizon Youth Care and Special Education, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Post Box 15, 2300 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Youz, Parnassia Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Forry JB, Ashaba S, Rukundo GZ. Prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders among prisoners in Mbarara municipality, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:178. [PMID: 31185947 PMCID: PMC6561756 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in high income countries reports higher prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners than in the general population. Lack of published data from low resource settings affects planning and eventual service provision to the prisoners. This study aimed to determine the burden of mental disorders and associated factors among prisoners in Mbarara municipality in southwestern Uganda. METHODS This was a prison facility based cross sectional study among 414 inmates in Mbarara municipality. We consecutively enrolled them by simple random sampling from 3 prison facilities. Participants completed a sociodemographic and clinical factor questionnaire, and the M.I.N.I. Version 6.0. Data were analyzed using STATA 12.0. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence, and associated factors using the individual odds ratios with their 95% Confidence Intervals and P-values as a measure of association, clinical and statistical significance respectively. RESULTS A total of 354 (86%) prison-inmates met criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Of these, 338 (95%) had one or more diagnoses. Major depression was the most common diagnosis (44%). Factors associated with mental disorders included history of traumatic brain injury (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.22-5.42; P-value = 0.01), low income status (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.16-0.63; P-value = 0.001) and authoritarian parenting (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.18-0.75; P-value = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of psychiatric illness among prisoners in Mbarara municipality with most of them having more than one diagnosis. Majority of the prisoners with mental illness go undiagnosed and untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ben Forry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Southwestern Uganda, Uganda. .,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kampala International University, P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Southwestern Uganda, Uganda. .,Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, P.O Box 4, Mubende, Central Uganda, Uganda.
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- 0000 0001 0232 6272grid.33440.30Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Southwestern Uganda Uganda ,0000 0004 0648 1247grid.440478.bDepartment of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kampala International University, P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Southwestern Uganda Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- 0000 0001 0232 6272grid.33440.30Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Southwestern Uganda Uganda
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Costa NDR, Silva PRFD. Mental health care for Brazilian juvenile offenders. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 22:1467-1478. [PMID: 28538918 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017225.33562016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper analyzes the use of psychoactive drugs by juvenile offenders in Brazil in socio-educational facilities (USEs). It describes the guidelines of the national public policy and the quality of mental healthcare coordination by subnational public governments. This work draws on the hypothesis that USEs vertical governance is associated with the use of psychoactive medication. This is comparative study of two cases in Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais. Data resulted from a sample of medical records and interviews with key informants. The paper shows that vertical governance observed in Rio Grande do Sul is directly associated with high prevalence of mental health disorder diagnosis, use of psychoactive medication and psychiatric medicalization by juvenile offenders deprived of liberty. These findings indicate that sanctions of imprisonment for illegal acts are producing a set of medicalization decisions that undermine juveniles' health rights. The national mental health policy guidelines encourage cautious decisions. Psychotherapies and rehabilitation actions are the advocated first-line interventions. The poor management of the psychopharmacological intervention favors multiple prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson do Rosário Costa
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Underwood LA, Washington A. Mental Illness and Juvenile Offenders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:228. [PMID: 26901213 PMCID: PMC4772248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade, reliance on the juvenile justice system to meet the needs of juvenile offenders with mental health concerns has increased. Due to this tendency, research has been conducted on the effectiveness of various intervention and treatment programs/approaches with varied success. Recent literature suggests that because of interrelated problems involved for youth in the juvenile justice system with mental health issues, a dynamic system of care that extends beyond mere treatment within the juvenile justice system is the most promising. The authors provide a brief overview of the extent to which delinquency and mental illness co-occur; why treatment for these individuals requires a system of care; intervention models; and the juvenile justice systems role in providing mental health services to delinquent youth. Current and future advancements and implications for practitioners are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Underwood
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA 23464, USA.
- Youth Development Institute, New York, NY 10013, USA.
| | - Aryssa Washington
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA 23464, USA.
- Youth Development Institute, New York, NY 10013, USA.
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Balsamo DN, Poncin YB. Community-Based Alternatives to Incarceration and Assessment and Community-Based Planning for Probation/Community-Based Alternative. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2016; 25:123-8. [PMID: 26593124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the current treatment of juvenile offenders within the justice system. Most mental health professionals would agree that it is best to adopt a rehabilitative approach toward delinquent youths, but current practices do not always follow this principle. Youth incarceration is a costly and often debilitative process. There is growing evidence for community-based alternatives that aim to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents. Some of these interventions have proved to be successful in the prevention of delinquent acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia N Balsamo
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Yann B Poncin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Young JT, Arnold-Reed D, Preen D, Bulsara M, Lennox N, Kinner SA. Early primary care physician contact and health service utilisation in a large sample of recently released ex-prisoners in Australia: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008021. [PMID: 26068513 PMCID: PMC4466622 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between ex-prisoner primary care physician contact within 1 month of prison release and health service utilisation in the 6 months following release. DESIGN A cohort from the Passports study with a mean follow-up of 219 (± 44) days postrelease. Associations were assessed using a multivariate Andersen-Gill model, controlling for a range of other factors. SETTING Face-to-face, baseline interviews were conducted in a sample of prisoners within 6 weeks of expected release from seven prisons in Queensland, Australia, from 2008 to 2010, with telephone follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months postrelease. PARTICIPANTS From an original population-based sample of 1325 sentenced adult (≥ 18 years) prisoners, 478 participants were excluded due to not being released from prison during follow-up (n=7, 0.5%), loss to follow-up (n=257, 19.4%), or lacking exposure data (n=214, 16.2%). A total of 847 (63.9%) participants were included in the analyses. EXPOSURE Primary care physician contact within 1 month of follow-up as a dichotomous measure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted time-to-event hazard rates for hospital, mental health, alcohol and other drug and subsequent primary care physician service utilisations assessed as multiple failure time-interval data. RESULTS Primary care physician contact prevalence within 1 month of follow-up was 46.5%. One-month primary care physician contact was positively associated with hospital (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.07; 95% CI 1.39 to 3.09), mental health (AHR=1.65; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.19), alcohol and other drug (AHR=1.48; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.90) and subsequent primary care physician service utilisation (AHR=1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.72) over 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Engagement with primary care physician services soon after prison release increases health service utilisation during the critical community transition period for ex-prisoners. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12608000232336).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Young
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Diane Arnold-Reed
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia General Practice and Primary Health Care Research, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Preen
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nick Lennox
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia School of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Miller BD, Blau GM, Christopher OT, Jordan PE. Sustaining and expanding systems of care to provide mental health services for children, youth and families across America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:566-579. [PMID: 22543719 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-012-9517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has been instrumental in supporting the development and implementation of systems of care to provide services to children and youth with serious mental health conditions and their families. Since 1993, 173 grants have been awarded to communities in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam, the District of Columbia, and 21 American Indian/Alaska Native communities. The system of care principles of creating comprehensive, individualized services, family-driven and youth-guided care and cultural and linguistic competence, supported by a well-trained and competent workforce, have been successful in transforming the field of children's mental health and facilitating the integration of child-serving systems. This approach has achieved positive outcomes at the child and family, practice and system levels, and numerous articles have been published using data collected from system of care communities, demonstrating the effectiveness of this framework. This article will describe lessons learned from implementing the system of care approach, and will discuss the importance of expanding and sustaining systems of care across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany D Miller
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.
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Cook JR, Kilmer RP. Systems of care: new partnerships for community psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:393-403. [PMID: 22538407 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-012-9516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For almost two decades, the federal government has supported the development of integrated models of mental health service delivery for children and families, known as systems of care (SOCs), that strive to be child-centered, family-focused, community-based, and culturally competent. These efforts align well with the values and principles (e.g., empowerment, collaboration, strengths emphasis, focus on macro-level social/system change) central to community psychology (CP; Kloos et al. in Community psychology, Cengage Learning, Belmont, 2012). Despite the convergence of many core values, CPs have historically been underrepresented in key roles in SOC initiatives. However, this has changed in recent years, with increasing examples of community psychology skills and principles applied to the development, implementation, and evaluation of SOCs. Because successful and sustainable implementation of SOCs requires community and system-level change, and SOCs are increasingly being urged to adopt a stronger "public health" orientation (Miles et al. in A public health approach to children's mental health: a conceptual framework, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development, National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health, Washington, DC, 2010), there is great potential for CPs to play important roles in SOCs. This paper discusses opportunities and roles for CPs in SOCs in applied research and evaluation, community practice, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Cook
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223-0001, USA.
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