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Zhang G, Yu T, Chai X, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yin D, Zhang C. Gradient Rotating Magnetic Fields Impairing F-Actin-Related Gene CCDC150 to Inhibit Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis by Inactivating TGF-β1/SMAD3 Signaling Pathway. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0320. [PMID: 38420580 PMCID: PMC10900498 DOI: 10.34133/research.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal malignancy in women, with a lack of effective targeted drugs and treatment techniques. Gradient rotating magnetic field (RMF) is a new technology used in oncology physiotherapy, showing promising clinical applications due to its satisfactory biosafety and the abundant mechanical force stimuli it provides. However, its antitumor effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. We designed two sets of gradient RMF devices for cell culture and animal handling. Gradient RMF exposure had a notable impact on the F-actin arrangement of MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-468 cells, inhibiting cell migration and invasion. A potential cytoskeleton F-actin-associated gene, CCDC150, was found to be enriched in clinical TNBC tumors and cells. CCDC150 negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of TNBC patients. CCDC150 promoted TNBC migration and invasion via activation of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. CCDC150 was also identified as a magnetic field response gene, and it was marked down-regulated after gradient RMF exposure. CCDC150 silencing and gradient RMF exposure both suppressed TNBC tumor growth and liver metastasis. Therefore, gradient RMF exposure may be an effective TNBC treatment, and CCDC150 may emerge as a potential target for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dachuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, China
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2
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Zhang G, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yu T, Chai X, He J, Yin D, Zhang C. The effect of magnetic fields on tumor occurrence and progression: Recent advances. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 179:38-50. [PMID: 37019340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies are the leading human health threat worldwide. Despite rapidly developing treatments, poor prognosis and outcome are still common. Magnetic fields have shown good anti-tumoral effects both in vitro and in vivo, and represent a potential non-invasive treatment; however, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We here review recent studies on magnetic fields and their effect on tumors at three different levels: organismal, cellular, and molecular. At the organismal level, magnetic fields suppress tumor angiogenesis, microcirculation, and enhance the immune response. At the cellular level, magnetic fields affect tumor cell growth and biological functions by affecting cell morphology, cell membrane structure, cell cycle, and mitochondrial function. At the molecular level, magnetic fields suppress tumors by interfering with DNA synthesis, reactive oxygen species level, second messenger molecule delivery, and orientation of epidermal growth factor receptors. At present, scientific experimental evidence is still lacking; therefore, systematic studies on the biological mechanisms involved are urgently needed for the future application of magnetic fields to tumor treatment.
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Combinatorial Effect of Magnetic Field and Radiotherapy in PDAC Organoids: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120609. [PMID: 33327494 PMCID: PMC7765003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly refractory to systemic treatment, including radiotherapy (RT) either as alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided RT is a novel treatment technique which conjugates the high MR imaging contrast resolution to the possibility of re-adapting treatment plan to daily anatomical variations. Magnetic field (MF) might exert a biological effect that could be exploited to enhance radiation effect. The aim of the present study was to lay the preclinical basis of the MF effect by exploring how it modifies the response to radiation in organoid cultures established from PDAC. The short-term effect of radiation, alone or in combination with MF, was evaluated in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and monolayer cell cultures. Cell viability, apoptotic cell death, and organoid size following exposure to the treatment were evaluated. PDOs demonstrated limited sensitivity at clinically relevant doses of radiation. The combination of radiation and MF demonstrated superior efficacy than monotherapy in almost all the PDOs tested. PDOs treated with combination of radiation and MF were significantly smaller in size and some showed increased cell death as compared to the monotherapy with radiation. Long-time exposure to 1.5T MF can increase the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in PDAC organoids.
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Wang D, Zhang L, Shao G, Yang S, Tao S, Fang K, Zhang X. 6-mT 0-120-Hz magnetic fields differentially affect cellular ATP levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28237-28247. [PMID: 30074140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an indispensable molecule that provides energy for essentially all cellular processes, has been shown to be affected by some magnetic fields (MFs). Although people are frequently exposed to various static and power frequency MFs in their daily lives, the exact effects of these MFs of different frequencies have not been systematically investigated. Here, we tested 6-mT MFs with 0, 50, and 120 Hz for their effects on cellular ATP levels in 11 different cell lines. We found that the 6-mT static magnetic field (SMF) either does not affect or increase cellular ATP levels, while 6-mT 50-Hz MF either does not affect or decrease cellular ATP levels. In contrast, 6-mT 120-Hz MF has variable effects. We examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in four different cell lines, but did not find their direct correlation with ATP levels. Although none of the ATP level changes induced by these three different frequencies of 6-mT MFs are dramatic, these results may be used to explain some differential cellular responses of various cell lines to different frequency MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guangze Shao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shengwei Tao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Fang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Sengupta S, Khatua C, Balla VK. In Vitro Carcinoma Treatment Using Magnetic Nanocarriers under Ultrasound and Magnetic Fields. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5459-5469. [PMID: 30023921 PMCID: PMC6044950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, tumor hypoxia has become a more predominant problem for diagnosis as well as treatment of cancer due to difficulties in delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and their carriers to these regions with reduced vasculature and oxygen supply. In such cases, external physical stimulus-mediated drug delivery, such as ultrasound and magnetic fields, would be effective. In this work, the effect of simultaneous exposure of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and static magnetic field on colon (HCT116) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell inhibition was assessed in vitro. The treatment, in the presence of anticancer drug, with and without magnetic carrier, significantly increased the reactive oxygen species production and hyperpolarized the cancer cells. As a result, a significant increase in cell inhibition, up to 86%, was observed compared to 50% inhibition with bare anticancer drug. The treatment appears to have relatively more effect on HepG2 cells during the initial 24 h than on HCT116 cells. The proposed treatment was also found to reduce cancer cell necrosis and did not show any inhibitory effect on healthy cells (MC3T3). Our in vitro results suggest that this approach has strong application potential to treat cancer at lower drug dosage to achieve similar inhibition and can reduce health risks associated with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somoshree Sengupta
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandra Khatua
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vamsi K. Balla
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Tian X, Wang D, Zha M, Yang X, Ji X, Zhang L, Zhang X. Magnetic field direction differentially impacts the growth of different cell types. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:114-125. [PMID: 29621414 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1458627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines have horizontal or upright static magnetic field (SMF) of 0.1-3 T (Tesla) at sites of patients and operators, but the biological effects of these SMFs still remain elusive. We examined 12 different cell lines, including 5 human solid tumor cell lines, 2 human leukemia cell lines and 4 human non-cancer cell lines, as well as the Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Permanent magnets were used to provide 0.2-1 T SMFs with different magnetic field directions. We found that an upward magnetic field of 0.2-1 T could effectively reduce the cell numbers of all human solid tumor cell lines we tested, but a downward magnetic field mostly had no statistically significant effect. However, the leukemia cells in suspension, which do not have shape-induced anisotropy, were inhibited by both upward and downward magnetic fields. In contrast, the cell numbers of most non-cancer cells were not affected by magnetic fields of all directions. Moreover, the upward magnetic field inhibited GIST-T1 tumor growth in nude mice by 19.3% (p < 0.05) while the downward magnetic field did not produce significant effect. In conclusion, although still lack of mechanistical insights, our results show that different magnetic field directions produce divergent effects on cancer cell numbers as well as tumor growth in mice. This not only verified the safety of SMF exposure related to current MRI machines but also revealed the possible antitumor potential of magnetic field with an upward direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tian
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Meng Zha
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Xinmiao Ji
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Lei Zhang
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Xin Zhang
- a High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China.,c Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui , P. R. China
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7
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Cell type- and density-dependent effect of 1 T static magnetic field on cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13126-13141. [PMID: 28061454 PMCID: PMC5355082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that static magnetic fields (SMFs) can affect cell proliferation but mixed results have been reported. Here we systematically examined the effects of 1 T (Tesla) SMF, which is close to the SMF intensity that patients are exposed to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanners in hospitals, for its effect on 15 different cell lines, including 12 human and 3 rodent cell lines. Our results show that 1 T SMF does not have apparent impact on cell cycle or cell death. However, at higher cell density, it reduced cell numbers in six out of seven solid human cancer cell lines. We found that both cell type and cell density had evident impacts on SMF effects. Moreover, the EGFR-Akt-mTOR pathway, which varies significantly between different cell types and densities, contributes to the differential effects of SMF. In addition, SMF also increases the efficacy of Akt inhibitors on cancer cell growth inhibition. Therefore 1 T SMF affects cell proliferation in a cell type- and cell density-dependent manner, and the inhibition effect of 1 T SMF on multiple cancer cells at higher cell density may indicate its clinical potential in late stage cancer therapy.
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8
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Kim KE, Park SK, Nam SY, Han TJ, Cho IY. Potential therapeutic mechanism of extremely low-frequency high-voltage electric fields in cells. Technol Health Care 2017; 24:415-27. [PMID: 26684400 DOI: 10.3233/thc-151119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this survey was to provide background theory based on previous research to elucidate the potential pathway by which medical devices using extremely low-frequency high-voltage electric fields (ELF-HVEF) exert therapeutic effects on the human body, and to increase understanding of the AC high-voltage electrotherapeutic apparatus for consumers and suppliers of the relevant devices. Our review revealed that an ELF field as weak as 1-10 μ V/m can induce diverse alterations of membrane proteins such as transporters and channel proteins, including changes in Ca + + binding to a specific site of the cell surface, changes in ion (e.g., Ca + + ) influx or efflux, and alterations in the ligand-receptor interaction. These alterations then induce cytoplasmic responses within cells (Ca + + , cAMP, kinases, etc.) that can have impacts on cell growth, differentiation, and other functional properties by promoting the synthesis of macromolecules. Moreover, increased cytoplasmic Ca + + involves calmodulin-dependent signaling and consequent Ca + + /calmodulin-dependent stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis. This event in turn induces the nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway, which may be an essential factor in the observed physiological and therapeutic responses.
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9
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Wang L, Hoogcarspel SJ, Wen Z, van Vulpen M, Molkentine DP, Kok J, Lin SH, Broekhuizen R, Ang KK, Bovenschen N, Raaymakers BW, Frank SJ. Biological responses of human solid tumor cells to X-ray irradiation within a 1.5-Tesla magnetic field generated by a magnetic resonance imaging-linear accelerator. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:471-80. [PMID: 27434783 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Devices that combine magnetic resonance imaging with linear accelerators (MRL) represent a novel tool for MR-guided radiotherapy. However, whether magnetic fields (MFs) generated by these devices affect the radiosensitivity of tumors is unknown. We investigated the influence of a 1.5-T MF on cell viability and radioresponse of human solid tumors. Human head/neck cancer and lung cancer cells were exposed to single or fractionated 6-MV X-ray radiation; effects of the MF on cell viability were determined by cell plating efficiency and on radioresponsiveness by clonogenic cell survival. Doses needed to reduce the fraction of surviving cells to 37% of the initial value (D0s) were calculated for multiple exposures to MF and radiation. Results were analyzed using Student's t-tests. Cell viability was no different after single or multiple exposures to MRL than after exposure to a conventional linear accelerator (Linac, without MR-generated MF) in 12 of 15 experiments (all P > 0.05). Single or multiple exposures to MF had no influence on cell radioresponse (all P > 0.05). Cells treated up to four times with an MRL or a Linac further showed no changes in D0s with MF versus without MF (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, MF within the MRL does not seem to affect in vitro tumor radioresponsiveness as compared with a conventional Linac. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:471-480, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stan Jelle Hoogcarspel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhifei Wen
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marco van Vulpen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David P Molkentine
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roel Broekhuizen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kie-Kian Ang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W Raaymakers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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10
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1 T moderate intensity static magnetic field affects Akt/mTOR pathway and increases the antitumor efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in CNE-2Z cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Brezinski ME, Rupnick M. Can We Advance Macroscopic Quantum Systems Outside the Framework of Complex Decoherence Theory? JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 7:119-136. [PMID: 29200743 PMCID: PMC5710819 DOI: 10.4172/jcsb.1000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic quantum systems (MQS) are macroscopic systems driven by quantum rather than classical mechanics, a long studied area with minimal success till recently. Harnessing the benefits of quantum mechanics on a macroscopic level would revolutionize fields ranging from telecommunication to biology, the latter focused on here for reasons discussed. Contrary to misconceptions, there are no known physical laws that prevent the development of MQS. Instead, they are generally believed universally lost in complex systems from environmental entanglements (decoherence). But we argue success is achievable MQS with decoherence compensation developed, naturally or artificially, from top-down rather current reductionist approaches. This paper advances the MQS field by a complex systems approach to decoherence. First, why complex system decoherence approaches (top-down) are needed is discussed. Specifically, complex adaptive systems (CAS) are not amenable to reductionist models (and their master equations) because of emergent behaviour, approximation failures, not accounting for quantum compensatory mechanisms, ignoring path integrals, and the subentity problem. In addition, since MQS must exist within the context of the classical world, where rapid decoherence and prolonged coherence are both needed. Nature has already demonstrated this for quantum subsystems such as photosynthesis and magnetoreception. Second, we perform a preliminary study that illustrates a top-down approach to potential MQS. In summary, reductionist arguments against MQS are not justifiable. It is more likely they are not easily detectable in large intact classical systems or have been destroyed by reductionist experimental set-ups. This complex systems decoherence approach, using top down investigations, is critical to paradigm shifts in MQS research both in biological and non-biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Brezinski
- Center for Optical Coherence Tomography and Modern Physics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, MRB-114, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rm 36-360, 50 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria Rupnick
- Center for Optical Coherence Tomography and Modern Physics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, MRB-114, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Bioeffects of static magnetic fields: oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and cancer studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:602987. [PMID: 24027759 PMCID: PMC3763575 DOI: 10.1155/2013/602987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.
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13
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Pall ML. Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:958-65. [PMID: 23802593 PMCID: PMC3780531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct targets of extremely low and microwave frequency range electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in producing non-thermal effects have not been clearly established. However, studies in the literature, reviewed here, provide substantial support for such direct targets. Twenty-three studies have shown that voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) produce these and other EMF effects, such that the L-type or other VGCC blockers block or greatly lower diverse EMF effects. Furthermore, the voltage-gated properties of these channels may provide biophysically plausible mechanisms for EMF biological effects. Downstream responses of such EMF exposures may be mediated through Ca2+/calmodulin stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Potentially, physiological/therapeutic responses may be largely as a result of nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway stimulation. A well-studied example of such an apparent therapeutic response, EMF stimulation of bone growth, appears to work along this pathway. However, pathophysiological responses to EMFs may be as a result of nitric oxide-peroxynitrite-oxidative stress pathway of action. A single such well-documented example, EMF induction of DNA single-strand breaks in cells, as measured by alkaline comet assays, is reviewed here. Such single-strand breaks are known to be produced through the action of this pathway. Data on the mechanism of EMF induction of such breaks are limited; what data are available support this proposed mechanism. Other Ca2+-mediated regulatory changes, independent of nitric oxide, may also have roles. This article reviews, then, a substantially supported set of targets, VGCCs, whose stimulation produces non-thermal EMF responses by humans/higher animals with downstream effects involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide increases, which may explain therapeutic and pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Pall
- Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Portland, OR, USA.
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14
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Kubinyi G, Zeitler Z, Thuróczy G, Juhász P, Bakos J, Sinay H, László J. Effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous static magnetic fields combined with gamma radiation on DNA and DNA repair. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 31:488-94. [PMID: 20564169 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) influence the repair of radiation-damaged DNA on leukocytes or has any effect on DNA. After 4 Gy of (60)Co-gamma irradiation, some of the samples were exposed to inhomogeneous SMFs with a lateral magnetic flux density gradient of 47.7, 1.2, or 0.3 T/m by 10 mm lateral periodicity, while other samples were exposed to homogeneous SMF of 159.2 +/- 13.4 mT magnetic flux density for a time period of 0.5 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 18, 20, or 24 h. Another set of samples was exposed to the aforementioned SMFs before gamma irradiation. The following three groups were examined: (i) exposed to SMF only, (ii) exposed to SMF following irradiation by (60)Co-gamma, and (iii) exposed to SMF before (60)Co-gamma irradiation. The analysis of the DNA damage was made by single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). Statistically significant differences were found at 1 h (iSMF), 4 h (hSMF), and 18 h (hSMF) if samples were exposed to only SMF, compared to control. When the SMF exposure followed the (60)Co-gamma irradiation, statistically significant differences were found at 1 h (iSMF) and 4 h (hSMF). If exposure to SMF preceded (60)Co-gamma irradiation, no statistically significant difference was found compared to 4 Gy gamma-irradiated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Kubinyi
- "Frédéric Joliot-Curie" National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Cerella C, Cordisco S, Albertini MC, Accorsi A, Diederich M, Ghibelli L. Magnetic fields promote a pro-survival non-capacitative Ca2+ entry via phospholipase C signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:393-400. [PMID: 21095240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of magnetic fields (MFs) to promote/increase Ca(2+) influx into cells is widely recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we analyze how static MFs of 6 mT modulates thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) movements in non-excitable U937 monocytes, and how this relates to the anti-apoptotic effect of MFs. Magnetic fields do not affect thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum, but significantly increase the resulting Ca(2+) influx; this increase requires intracellular signal transduction actors including G protein, phospholipase C, diacylglycerol lipase and nitric oxide synthase, and behaves as a non-capacitative Ca(2+) entry (NCCE), a type of influx with an inherent signaling function, rather than a capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE). All treatments abrogating the extra Ca(2+) influx also abrogate the anti-apoptotic effect of MFs, demonstrating that MF-induced NCCE elicits an anti-apoptotic survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cerella
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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16
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Abstract
It is becoming evident that failure in the removal of dying cells causes and/or promotes the onset of chronic diseases. Impairment of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells can be due not only to genetic or molecular malfunctioning but also to external/environmental factors. Two of these environmental factors have been recently reported to down regulate the clearance of apoptotic cells: cigarette smoke and static magnetic fields. Cigarette smoke contains highly reactive carbonyls that modify proteins which directly/indirectly affects cellular function. Human macrophages interacting with carbonyl or cigarette smoke modified extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins dramatically down regulated their ability to phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils. It was postulated that changes in the ECM environment as a result of cigarette smoke affect the ability of macrophages to remove apoptotic cells. This decreased phagocytic activity was as a result of sequestration of receptors involved in the uptake of apoptotic cells towards that of recognition of carbonyl adducts on the modified ECM proteins leading to increased macrophage adhesion. Downregulation of the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was also described when performed in presence of static magnetic fields (SMFs) of moderate intensity. SMFs have been reported to perturb distribution of membrane proteins and glycoproteins, receptors, cytoskeleton and trans-membrane fluxes of different ions, especially calcium [Ca(2+)]i, that in turn, interfere with many different physiological activities, including phagocytosis. The effects of cigarette smoke and SMF on the phagocytosis of dying cells will be here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dini
- Department Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of the Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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17
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Vasishta VG. Sequentially Programmed Magnetic Field Therapy in the Management of Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol 2010; 3:189-194. [PMID: 20740195 PMCID: PMC2919998 DOI: 10.1159/000316358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic astrocytomas are progressive brain tumors with a tendency to infiltrate the surrounding tissue. Recurrence is very common, with recurrent tumors being extremely refractory to existing therapies. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old woman presented with a history of an unprovoked fall, followed by seizures. An MRI scan revealed a mass in the fronto-temporo-parietal region of the brain, suggesting a primary tumor. She underwent craniotomy and surgical debulking of the tumor. The histology of the tumor tissue revealed an anaplastic astrocytoma. Follow-up MRI scans indicated the presence of a residual, rapidly progressing tumor. A 6-week course of fractionated radiation and concurrent chemotherapy with Temodar® (temozolomide capsules) did not stop tumor progression. Intervention: Due to the failure of conventional therapies in preventing rapid disease progression, the patient volunteered to undergo a 28-day course of Sequentially Programmed Magnetic Field (SPMF) therapy. Results Immediate post-therapy MRI scan showed a cessation of tumor growth, and follow-up imaging at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months revealed a gradual but steady decrease in the size of the tumor. The patient reported an alleviation of clinical symptoms and a subjective improvement in the quality of life at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months following SPMF therapy. Conclusion The remarkable improvement of this patient suggests that SPMF therapy may be a valuable option for anaplastic astrocytoma, especially in recurrent and rapidly progressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Vasishta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Bangalore, India
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18
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The dual role of calcium as messenger and stressor in cell damage, death, and survival. Int J Cell Biol 2010; 2010:546163. [PMID: 20300548 PMCID: PMC2838366 DOI: 10.1155/2010/546163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) is an important second messenger participating in many cellular activities; when physicochemical insults deregulate its delicate homeostasis, it acts as an intrinsic stressor, producing/increasing cell damage. Damage elicits both repair and death responses; intriguingly, in those responses Ca(2+) also participates as second messenger. This delineates a dual role for Ca(2+) in cell stress, making difficult to separate the different and multiple mechanisms required for Ca(2+)-mediated control of cell survival and apoptosis. Here we attempt to disentangle the two scenarios, examining on the one side, the events implicated in deregulated Ca(2+) toxicity and the mechanisms through which this elicits reparative or death pathways; on the other, reviewing the role of Ca(2+) as a messenger in the transduction of these same signaling events.
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19
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De Nicola M, Nuccitelli S, Gattia DM, Traversa E, Magrini A, Bergamaschi A, Ghibelli L. Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Human Monocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:600-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Binhi V. Do naturally occurring magnetic nanoparticles in the human body mediate increased risk of childhood leukaemia with EMF exposure? Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:569-79. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802195323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Dini L, Dwikat M, Panzarini E, Vergallo C, Tenuzzo B. Morphofunctional study of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced differentiation of U937 cells under exposure to a 6 mT static magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:352-64. [PMID: 19189300 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Disteba), University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy.
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22
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Sarimov RM, Binhi VN, Milyaev VA. The influence of geomagnetic field compensation on human cognitive processes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350908050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Cerella C, Mearelli C, Coppola S, D'Alessio M, De Nicola M, Diederich M, Ghibelli L. Sequential phases of Ca2+ alterations in pre-apoptotic cells. Apoptosis 2007; 12:2207-19. [PMID: 17899381 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The very early events of the intrinsic, damage-induced apoptotic pathway, i.e., upstream to Bax activation, probably consist of physico-chemical alterations (i.e., redox, pH or Ca2+ changes) rather then subtle molecular interactions, and in spite of many studies they remain unclear. One problem is that cells undergo apoptosis in an asynchronous way, leading to heterogeneity in the cell population that impairs the results of bulk analyses. In this study, we present a flow cytometric approach for studying Ca2+ alteration in apoptosis at the single cell level. By means of a multiparametric analysis, we could discriminate different sub-populations, i.e., viable and apoptotic cells and cells in secondary necrosis, and separately analyse static as well as dynamic Ca2+ parameters in each sub-population. With this approach, we have identified a set of sequential Ca2+ changes; two very early ones occur prior to any other apoptotic alterations, whereas a later change coincides with the appearance of apoptosis. Interestingly, the two pre-apoptotic changes occur simultaneously in all treated cells, i.e., at fixed times post-treatment, whereas the later one occurs at varying times, i.e., within a wide time range, concomitantly with the other apoptotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cerella
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
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24
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Nuccitelli S, Cerella C, Cordisco S, Albertini MC, Accorsi A, De Nicola M, D'Alessio M, Radogna F, Magrini A, Bergamaschi A, Ghibelli L. Hyperpolarization of plasma membrane of tumor cells sensitive to antiapoptotic effects of magnetic fields. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1090:217-25. [PMID: 17384265 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1378.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical/physical agents able to prevent apoptosis are receiving much attention for their potential health hazard as tumor promoters. Magnetic fields (MFs), which have been shown to increase the occurrence of some tumors, reduce damage-induced apoptosis by a mechanism involving Ca2+ entry into cells. In order to discover the mechanism of such effect of MFs, we investigated the interference of MFs on cell metabolism and analyzed cell parameters that are involved in apoptotic signaling and regulation of Ca2+ fluxes. Here we show that different types (static and extremely low-frequency, ELF pulsating) of MFs of different intensities alter plasma membrane potential. Interestingly, MFs induce plasma membrane hyperpolarization in cells sensitive to the antiapoptotic effect of MFs, whereas cells that are insensitive showed a plasma membrane depolarization. These opposite effects suggest that protection against apoptosis and membrane potential modulation are correlated, plasma membrane hyperpolarization possibly being part of the signal transduction chain determining MFs' antiapoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuccitelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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