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Chen J, Zhao L, Xu MF, Huang D, Sun XL, Zhang YX, Li HM, Wu CZ. Novel isobavachalcone derivatives induce apoptosis and necroptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer H1975 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2292006. [PMID: 38086769 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2292006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, seventeen isobavachalcone (IBC) derivatives (1-17) were synthesised, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human lung cancer cell lines. Among these derivatives, compound 16 displayed the most potent cytotoxic activity against H1975 and A549 cells, with IC50 values of 4.35 and 14.21 μM, respectively. Compared with IBC, compound 16 exhibited up to 4.11-fold enhancement of cytotoxic activity on human non-small cell lung cancer H1975 cells. In addition, we found that compound 16 suppressed H1975 cells via inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. The initial mechanism of compound 16 induced cell death in H1975 cells involves the increasing of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Cyt C protein level, down-regulating of Akt protein level, and cleaving caspase-9 and -3 induced apoptosis; the up-regulation of RIP3, p-RIP3, MLKL, and p-MLKL levels induced necroptosis. Moreover, compound 16 also caused mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby decreasing cellular ATP levels, and resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Ye Y, Yang Y, Yan L, Zhou L, Yu S, Du Q, Dong X, Yuan Q, Shan L, Guo L. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore the Effects and Mechanisms of Qinghao Biejia Decoction and Its Active Compound Artemisinin B Against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2461-2479. [PMID: 37637262 PMCID: PMC10460181 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s414098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Qinghao Biejia decoction (QBD) against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on network pharmacology and to verify the anticancer effect of artemisinin B (ART B), the active ingredient of QBD, on H1299 cells. Methods Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to explore the chemoprofile of QBD. A zebrafish xenograft model was used to determine the anti-cancer efficacy of QBD. Cell counting kit-8 assay, terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated-dUTP nick-end labeling assay; immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of QBD and ART B on H1299 cells. Subsequently, the related targets and action mechanisms of both QBD and ART B predicted by network pharmacological analyses were experimentally validated by real-time PCR and Western blot assays on H1299 cells. Results UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS identified a total of 69 compounds (such as ART B, mangiferin, and artemisinic acid) in QBD. The in vivo data showed that QBD significantly inhibited the growth of H1299 cells in xenograft larval zebrafish from 125 to 500 μg/mL. The in vitro data showed that QBD induced apoptosis of H1299 cells, accompanied by down-regulating the expression of BCL-2 and up-regulating the expression of BIM, PUMA, BAX, c-PARP, γ-H2A.X, c-CASP3, and c-CASP8. Alike QBD, ART B exerted similar anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on H1299 cells. Moreover, ART B inhibited expressions of BCL2L1, AKT1, AKT2, MMP-2, and EGFR, and up-regulated ALB expression. Mechanistically, ART B promoted apoptosis of H1299 cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study revealed the anti-NSCLC efficacy of QBD. ART B, the effective component of QBD, plays an anti-NSCLC role by down-regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. It suggests that QBD and ART B are promising drug candidates for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Resource Bank and Integrated Cell Preparation Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou Regional Cell Preparation Center (Shangyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Ucar A, Parlak V, Ozgeris FB, Yeltekin AC, Arslan ME, Alak G, Turkez H, Kocaman EM, Atamanalp M. Magnetic nanoparticles-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain of rainbow trout: Mitigation by ulexite through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155718. [PMID: 35525350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalent exposition of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) to the aquatic medium and their negative influence on human life is one of the major concerns global. Stress mechanization, as a non-specific and pervasive response, involves all physiological systems, particularly the closely interconnected neuroendocrine and immune systems. In this study, which was designed to obtain more data on the biological effects of ulexit, which prevents oxidative DNA damage by protecting against toxicity damage and offers new antioxidant roles. The concomitant use of ulexite (UX, as 18.75 mg/l) as a natural therapeutic agent against exposure to magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs/0.013 ml/l) on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated for 96 h. The brain tissues were taken at the 48th and 96th hours of the trial period, the effects on neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, antioxidant immune system, DNA and apoptosis mechanisms were analyzed. In the present study, it was determined that AChE activity and BDNF level in the brain tissue decreased over time in the Fe3O4-MNPs group compared to the control, and UX tried to depress this inhibition. While inhibition was determined in antioxidant system biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH values), an induction was observed in lipid peroxidation indicators (MDA and MPO values) in Fe3O4-MNPs applied group. The same group data showed that TNF-α, IL-6, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 levels were increased, but Nrf-2 levels were decreased. The alterations in all biomarkers were found to be significant at the p < 0.05 level. In general, it was determined that Fe3O4-MNPs caused stress in O. mykiss and UX exhibited a positive effect on this stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betul Ozgeris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Sea Food Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esat Mahmut Kocaman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Artesunate Inhibits the Cell Growth in Colorectal Cancer by Promoting ROS-Dependent Cell Senescence and Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162472. [PMID: 36010550 PMCID: PMC9406496 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although artesunate has been reported to be a promising candidate for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of artesunate are yet to be explored. Here, we report that artesunate acts as a senescence and autophagy inducer to exert its inhibitory effect on CRC in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. In SW480 and HCT116 cells, artesunate treatment led to mitochondrial dysfunction, drastically promoted mitochondrial ROS generation, and consequently inhibited cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase as well as subsequent p16- and p21-mediated cell senescence. Senescent cells underwent endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and the unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated via IRE1α signaling, with upregulated BIP, IRE1α, phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), CHOP, and DR5. Further experiments revealed that autophagy was induced by artesunate treatment due to oxidative stress and ER stress. In contrast, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger) and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) restored cell viability and attenuated autophagy in artesunate-treated cells. Furthermore, cellular free Ca2+ levels were increased and could be repressed by NAC, 3-MA, and GSK2350168 (an IRE1α inhibitor). In vivo, artesunate administration reduced the growth of CT26 cell-derived tumors in BALB/c mice. Ki67 and cyclin D1 expression was downregulated in tumor tissue, while p16, p21, p-IRE1α, and LC3B expression was upregulated. Taken together, artesunate induces senescence and autophagy to inhibit cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by promoting excessive ROS generation.
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Chen H, Sun B, Sun H, Xu L, Wu G, Tu Z, Cheng X, Fan X, Mai Z, Tang Q, Wang X, Chen T. Bak instead of Bax plays a key role in metformin-induced apoptosis s in HCT116 cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:363. [PMID: 34811352 PMCID: PMC8608863 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) exhibits anticancer ability in various cancer cell lines. This report aims to explore the exact molecular mechanism of Met-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, a human colorectal cancer cell line. Met-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and ROS-dependent cell death accompanied by plasma membrane blistering, mitochondrial swelling, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c. Western blotting analysis showed that Met upregulated Bak expression but downregulated Bax expression. Most importantly, silencing Bak instead of Bax inhibited Met-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the key role of Bak in Met-induced apoptosis. Live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis showed that Met unlocked the binding of Mcl-1 to Bak, and enhanced the binding of Bim to Bak and subsequent Bak homo-oligomerization. Western blotting analysis showed that Met enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and Bim expression, and compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited Met-induced Bim upregulation. Although Met increased the expression of Bcl-xL, overexpression of Bcl-xL did not prevent Met-induced apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate for the first time that Met promotes ROS-dependent apoptosis by regulating the Mcl-1-Bim-Bak axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongce Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Beini Sun
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Sun
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Xu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihao Wu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Tu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiling Tang
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China. .,SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., South China Normal University, 511500, Qingyuan, China.
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6
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Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products, most of which are derived from plants. Amongst their numerous biological properties, their anti-tumor effects are of interest for they are extremely diverse which include anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic activities. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been dedicated to understanding the 'terpenoid induced autophagy' phenomenon in cancer cells. Light has already been shed on the intricacy of apoptosis and autophagy relationship. This latter crosstalk is driven by the delicate balance between activating or silencing of certain proteins whereby the outcome is expressed via interrelated signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on nine of the most studied terpenoids and on their cell death and autophagic activity. These terpenoids are grouped in three classes: sesquiterpenoid (artemisinin, parthenolide), diterpenoids (oridonin, triptolide), and triterpenoids (alisol, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, platycodin D, and ursolic acid). We have selected these nine terpenoids among others as they belong to the different major classes of terpenoids and our extensive search of the literature indicated that they were the most studied in terms of autophagy in cancer. These terpenoids alone demonstrate the complexity by which these secondary metabolites induce autophagy via complex signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK/JNK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, NF-kB, and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, induction of autophagy can be either destructive or protective in tumor cells. Nevertheless, should this phenomenon be well understood, we ought to be able to exploit it to create novel therapies and design more effective regimens in the management and treatment of cancer.
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Hassan A, Moustafa GO, Awad HM, Nossier ES, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, Enzymatic Assays, and a Molecular Modeling Study of Novel Pyrazole-Indole Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12361-12374. [PMID: 34056388 PMCID: PMC8154124 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization concept has recently emerged as a powerful approach in drug discovery. A series of novel indole derivatives linked to the pyrazole moiety were designed and developed via a molecular hybridization protocol as antitumor agents. The target compounds (5a-j and 7a-e) were prepared by the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles (1a-e) with N-substituted isatin (4a,b) and 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (6), respectively. All products were characterized via several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds (5a-j and 7a-e) were screened for their cytotoxicity activities in vitro against four human cancer types [human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human liver carcinoma (HepG2), and human lung carcinoma (A549)] using the MTT assay. The obtained results showed that the newly synthesized compounds displayed good-to-excellent antitumor activity. For example, 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-N-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (7a) and 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-3-(phenylamino)-N-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (7b) provided excellent anticancer inhibition performance against the HepG2 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 6.1 ± 1.9 and 7.9 ± 1.9 μM, respectively, compared to the standard reference drug, doxorubicin (IC50 = 24.7 ± 3.2 μM). The two powerful anticancer compounds (7a and 7b) were further subjected to cell cycle analysis and apoptosis investigation in HepG2 using flow cytometry. We have also studied the enzymatic assay of these two compounds against some enzymes, namely, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, and CDK-2. Interestingly, the molecular docking study revealed that compounds 7a and 7b could well embed in the active pocket of the CDK-2 enzyme via different interactions. Overall, the prepared pyrazole-indole hybrids (7a and 7b) can be proposed as strong anticancer candidate drugs against various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf
S. Hassan
- Organometallic
and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gaber O. Moustafa
- Peptide
Chemistry Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department
of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Mady
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Green Chemistry
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Wen T, Song L, Hua S. Perspectives and controversies regarding the use of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2396-2422. [PMID: 33650320 PMCID: PMC7982634 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality both in men and women and accounts for 18.4% of all cancer‐related deaths. Although advanced therapy methods have been developed, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains extremely poor. Over the past few decades, clinicians and researchers have found that chemical compounds extracted from natural products may be useful for treating lung cancer. Drug formulations derived from natural compounds, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, have been successfully used as chemotherapeutics for lung cancer. In recent years, hundreds of new natural compounds that can be used to treat lung cancer have been found through basic and sub‐clinical research. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of drugs that have been used in a clinical setting. The probable reasons may include low solubility, limited absorption, unfavorable metabolism, and severe side effects. In this review, we present a summary of the natural compounds that have been proven to be effective for the treatment of lung cancer, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. We have also highlighted current controversies and have attempted to provide solutions for the clinical translation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Bai G, Gao Y, Liu S, Shui S, Liu G. pH-dependent rearrangement determines the iron-activation and antitumor activity of artemisinins. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:234-242. [PMID: 33359684 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The action mechanisms of artemisinins remains elusive for decades, and one long-standing question is whether the indispensable peroxide group is activated by iron or heme. Although heme usually reacts faster with artemisinins than iron does, we have found that rearrangement of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) into monoketo-aldehyde-peroxyhemiacetal (MKA) under physiological conditions can significantly enhance its reaction towards iron. The rearrangement is pH-dependent and the derived MKA is identified by LC-MS in the cellular metabolites of DHA in cancer cells. MKA reacts quickly with ferrous irons to afford reactive carbon-centered radicals and can inhibit enzyme activities in vitro. Moreover, MKA oxidizes ferrous irons to ferric irons, which may explain the effect of DHA on decreasing cellular labile iron pool (LIP). Both addition of exogenous iron and increase in LIP via triggering ferroptosis can enhance the cytotoxicity of DHA against cancer cells. While artesunate (ATS) can also decompose to MKA after hydrolyzing into DHA, the other artemisinins of lower antitumor activity, e.g. artemisinin (ART), artemether (ATM) and arteether (ATE), exhibit negligible hydrolysis and rearrangement under the same conditions. Our study reveals the vital role of molecular rearrangement to the activation and activity of artemisinins and provides a new strategy for designing antitumor molecules containing endoperoxide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sufang Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Ivanova D, Yaneva Z, R. Bakalova RB, Semkova S, Zhelev Z. The antimalaria drug artemisinin displays strong cytotoxic effect on leukaemia lymphocytes in combination with vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anticancer effect of the anti-parasitic drug artemisinin in combination with two redox modulators: vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3 (C/K3) The experiments were conducted on leukaemia cells Jurkat. Cells were treated with either artemisinin or C/K3 alone and with all three compounds. Cell proliferation and viability were analysed using trypan blue stating and automated cell counting. The results showed that artemisinin (>10 mM) suppressed cell proliferation activity, but did not induce cell death up to 500 mM. The drug demonstrated a clear cytostatic effect at concentrations 250- 500 mM – Jurkat cells did not proliferate, but were alive. The combination C/K3 (200:2, 300:3 mM/mM) applied alone did not affect cell proliferation and viability. Vitamins C/K3 in concentration ratio 500:5 (μM/mM) decreased cell proliferation activity by ~10%. The triple combination artemisinin/C/K3 manifested synergistic anti-proliferative effects at all concentration ratios analysed. This synergistic effect increased with increasing C/K3 concentration. Based on literature data, it was assumed that the anti-proliferative effect of the triple combination was mediated by changes in the redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. The C/K3 redox system likely acted on cancer mitochondria and increased superoxide production and activation of pro-apoptotic signals, specific for cancer cells. On the other hand, artemisinin could generate hydroxyl radicals as a result of activation of Fenton reactions, depleting intracellular reducing equivalents. Both redox mechanisms lead to activation of signal pathways for induction of cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Z. Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - R. Bakalova R. Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)
| | - S. Semkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zh. Zhelev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Cherenkevich SN. Chemosensitization of Tumor Cells by Phenolic Antioxidants: The Role of the Nrf2 Transcription Factor. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092006010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Yin S, Yang H, Zhao X, Wei S, Tao Y, Liu M, Bo R, Li J. Antimalarial agent artesunate induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via increasing intracellular ROS levels in normal liver cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1681-1689. [PMID: 32633561 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120937331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artesunate (ARS) has been shown to be highly effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria. In vitro studies reported that ARS has anticancer effects; however, its detrimental action on cancer cells may also play a role in its toxicity toward normal cells and its potential toxicity has not been sufficiently researched. In this study, we investigated the possible cytotoxic effects using normal BRL-3A and AML12 liver cells. The results showed that ARS dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the G0/G1 phase cell cycle in both BRL-3A and AML12 liver cells. Western blotting demonstrated that ARS induced a significant downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E1 in various levels and then caused apoptosis when the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased. Conversely, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine can significantly inhibit cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by ARS. Thus, the data confirmed that ARS exposure impairs normal liver cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and this detrimental action may be associated with intracellular ROS accumulation. Collectively, the possible side effects of ARS on healthy normal cells cannot be neglected when developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - R Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - J Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 38043Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cheong DHJ, Tan DWS, Wong FWS, Tran T. Anti-malarial drug, artemisinin and its derivatives for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104901. [PMID: 32405226 PMCID: PMC7217791 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones with a peroxide moiety that are isolated from the herb Artemisia annua. It has been used for centuries for the treatment of fever and chills, and has been recently approved for the treatment of malaria due to its endoperoxidase properties. Progressively, research has found that artemisinins displayed multiple pharmacological actions against inflammation, viral infections, and cell and tumour proliferation, making it effective against diseases. Moreover, it has displayed a relatively safe toxicity profile. The use of artemisinins against different respiratory diseases has been investigated in lung cancer models and inflammatory-driven respiratory disorders. These studies revealed the ability of artemisinins in attenuating proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis, and in inducing apoptosis. Artemisinins can regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote cell cycle arrest, drive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce Bak or Bax-dependent or independent apoptosis. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of the effects of artemisinins in relation to respiratory diseases to identify gaps that need to be filled in the course of repurposing artemisinins for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In addition, we postulate whether artemisinins can also be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 given its anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy H J Cheong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Daniel W S Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Fred W S Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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14
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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15
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Li Y, Lu J, Chen Q, Han S, Shao H, Chen P, Jin Q, Yang M, Shangguan F, Fei M, Wang L, Liu Y, Liu N, Lu B. Artemisinin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth, migration and invasion by targeting cellular bioenergetics and Hippo-YAP signaling. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3367-3383. [PMID: 31563988 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The predominant form of PLC is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for about 85% of all PLC. Artemisinin (ART) was clinically used as anti-malarial agents. Recently, it was demonstrated to inhibit cell growth and migration in multiple cancer types. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these anti-cancer activity remains largely unknown. Herein, it is discovered that ART dramatically suppresses HCC cell growth in vitro through arresting cell cycle progression, and represses cell migration and invasion via regulating N-cadherin-Snail-E-cadherin axis. In addition, the disruption of cellular bioenergetics contributed to ART-caused cell growth, migration and invasion inhibition. Moreover, ART (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) substantially inhibits HCC xenograft growth in vivo. Importantly, Hippo-YAP signal transduction is remarkably inactivated in HCC cells upon ART administration. Collectively, these data reveal a novel mechanism of ART in regulating HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion, which indicates that ART could be considered as a potential drug for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Department of Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Pingyi Chen
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qiumei Jin
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mingming Fei
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Naxin Liu
- Department of Pancreatitis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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16
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Synthesis of novel S-linked dihydroartemisinin derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:552-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Zhong T, Zhang J, Han X, Gongye X, Lyu T, Jiang M, Yu K, Meng X, Cheng D, Lyu H, Zhang T, Zhang L, Liu S. 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl influences mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in granulosa cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15337-15346. [PMID: 31038814 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB126) is a persistent organic environmental pollutant which can affect various biological activities of organisms, such as immunity, neurological function, and reproduction. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PCB126 on granulosa cells (GCs). GCs were collected from ovaries in PMSG-treated mice, after 24 hours culture. GCs were then incubated with 10 pg/mL, 100 pg/mL, and 10 ng/mL of PCB126 for another 24 hours. Following these steps, exposed GCs were collected for further experimentation. Our data showed that the number of GCs in the 10 ng/mL PCB126 decreased. Meanwhile, pyknotic nuclei and condensed chromatin increased, while the apoptotic cells in the 10 ng/mL PCB126 group were significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of the apoptotic executive protein caspase-3 increased after PCB126 treatment. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Bim related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were also influenced to different degrees. Thus, our data suggested that PCB126 affect the GCs apoptosis, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gongye
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Lyu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Menghan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Microbiome Center (CMC), College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiwei Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Clinical Microbiome Center (CMC), College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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18
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Rassias DJ, Weathers PJ. Dried leaf Artemisia annua efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:247-253. [PMID: 30599905 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer with poor prognosis. Artemisinin (AN), produced naturally in Artemisia annua L., has anti-cancer activity. Artemisinin delivered as dried leaf Artemisia (DLA) showed efficacy against malaria in rodents and humans. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE DLA is posited as being at least as efficacious as artesunate (AS) in its ability to induce cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells and also inhibit tumor growth in a NSCLC xenograft murine model. STUDY DESIGN Three NSCLC cell lines were used, a non-cancerous human fibroblast line, and xenograft murine models to compare efficacy of artemisinin delivered p.o. via DLA, DLA extracts (DLAe), and AS. METHODS DLAe was compared to AS using NSCLC cell lines A549, H1299 and PC9 as well as non-cancerous human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) CCD-1108Sk line. Cell viability, cell migration and cell cycle were compared for AS and DLAe. Westerns measured activated caspases-3, -8 and -9 to determine involvement of intrinsic and/or extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Xenograft murine models of A549 and PC9 cells were used to measure tumor growth inhibition by AS or DLA, with tumor volume the primary endpoint. RESULTS Both DLAe and AS suppressed A549, H1299 and PC9 cell viability with no inhibition of non-cancerous HDF CCD-1108Sk cells. Caspases-3, -8 and -9 were activated, suggesting cell death was stimulated through both intrinsic and/or extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Both drugs induced G2/M or mitotic arrest in PC9 and H1299 cells, and DLAe induced G1 arrest in A549 cells. AS and DLAe induced DNA damage as double stranded breaks evidenced by phosphorylation of histone H2AX. DLAe inhibited migration of PC9 and A549 cells. In A549 xenografted animals, p.o. AS and DLA inhibited relative tumor growth by 40% and 50%, respectively, compared to controls. AS was ineffective at inhibiting PC9-induced tumor growth, but DLA inhibited relative tumor growth by ∼50% compared to controls. CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating efficacy of DLA and mechanistic differences of DLAe vs. AS, against NSCLC cells. Compared to AS, DLA possesses qualities of a novel therapeutic for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina J Rassias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States
| | - Pamela J Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 United States.
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19
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Li X, Gu S, Sun D, Dai H, Chen H, Zhang Z. The selectivity of artemisinin-based drugs on human lung normal and cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:86-94. [PMID: 29227908 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin-based drugs are documented to possess anticancer potential that is selectively effective to cancer cells. However, this selectivity is disputable in different studies and the mechanism is still unclear. To clarify this discrepancy, this study employed five assays to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of artemisinin and artesunate on normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The results of five cytotoxic assays coherently showed that artemisinin and artesunate caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both HBE and A549 cells with a slight selectivity to A549 cells. Further, both HBE cells and A549 cells demonstrated elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased DNA damage. Since artemisinin and artesunate exerted significant cytotoxic effect on both normal cells and cancer cells via the same pathway of ROS-mediated DNA damage, the side effects of artemisinin and artesunate on normal cell cannot be ignored when developing their antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangmei Dai
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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21
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Xu ZF, Sun XK, Lan Y, Han C, Zhang YD, Chen G. Linarin sensitizes tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis (TRAIL)-induced ligand-triggered apoptosis in human glioma cells and in xenograft nude mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1607-1618. [PMID: 28950661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) is reported as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic agent. Nevertheless, a variety of cancer cells, including human malignant glioma cells, are resistant to TRAIL treatment, indicating that it is necessary to find effective strategies to overcome the TRAIL resistance. Linarin (LIN), a natural flavonoid compound in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici (FCI), has been exhibited to exert various pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. Here in our study, we found that non-cytotoxic doses of LIN (5μM) dramatically potentiated TRAIL (80ng/ml)-induced cytotoxicity (52.36±1.58%) and apoptosis (68.50±1.23%) using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays, respectively, in human glioma cells of U87MG. Apoptosis was evidenced by enhanced cleavage of Caspase-8/-9/-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and reduced anti-apoptotic proteins, including B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), mantle cell lymphoma (Mcl)-1, and Survivin. Moreover, both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways were included in apoptosis induced by LIN and TRAIL co-treatment, along with high release of Cyto-c into cytoplasm and enhancement of fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), death receptor 4 (DR) 4 and DR5, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, up to 39.86±2.32%, was also highly triggered by TRAIL and LIN combinational treatment, which was accompanied with high phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). In vivo, TRAIL and LIN double treatment significantly reduced the tumor growth using xenograft tumor model through inducing apoptosis. We demonstrated that combining LIN with TRAIL treatments might be effective against TRAIL-resistant glioma cells through inducing apoptosis regulated by ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan-Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
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Poupel F, Aghaei M, Movahedian A, Jafari SM, Shahrestanaki MK. Dihydroartemisinin Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Through Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Cytochrome C Pathway. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 29114376 PMCID: PMC5651661 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_258_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin and has antiproliferative effect. However, such effects of DHA have not yet been revealed for bladder cancer cells. Methods: We used as bladder cancer cell lines to examine the effect of DHA on the cell viability, cell apoptosis, and monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes. Furthermore, the effect of DHA on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytochrome c release were also detected. We employed MTT assay to investigate the cell proliferation effect of DHA on the EJ-138 and HTB-9 human bladder cancer cells. Annexin/PI staining, caspase-3 activity assay, Bcl-2/Bax protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cytochrome c release, and ROS analysis were used for apoptosis detection. Results: DHA significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity of DHA was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine. The growth inhibition effect of DHA was related to the induction of cell apoptosis, which were manifested by annexin V-FITC staining, activation of caspase-3. DHA also increased ROS generation, cytochrome c release, and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in cells. In addition, the downregulation of regulatory protein Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax protein by DHA were also observed. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that DHA induces apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway. These suggest that DHA may be a potential agent for induction of apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Poupel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:65-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rao PC, Begum S, Sahai M, Sriram DS. Coptisine-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694565. [PMID: 28351307 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of coptisine on non-small-cell lung cancer and its mechanism through various in vitro cellular models (A549). Results claimed significant inhibition of proliferation by coptisine against A549, H460, and H2170 cells with IC50 values of 18.09, 29.50, and 21.60 µM, respectively. Also, coptisine exhibited upregulation of pH2AX, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and downregulation of the expression of cyclin B1, cdc2, and cdc25C and upregulation of p21 dose dependently. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis in A549 cells by coptisine was characterized by the activation of caspase 9, caspase 8, and caspase 3, and cleavage of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. In addition, coptisine was found to increase reactive oxygen species generation, upregulate Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, and cause cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Besides, treatment with a reactive oxygen species inhibitor (N-acetyl cysteine) abrogated coptisine-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the mediation of reactive oxygen species in the apoptosis-induced effect of coptisine in A549 cells was corroborated. These findings have offered new insights into the effect and mechanisms of action of coptisine against non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna Chandra Rao
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajeli Begum
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahendra Sahai
- 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - D Saketh Sriram
- 3 Biological Research Department, Incozen Therapeutics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Amin KM, Syam YM, Anwar MM, Ali HI, Abdel-Ghani TM, Serry AM. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of new furochromone derivatives as p38α MAPK inhibitors targeting human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2423-2436. [PMID: 28291685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the reported high expression of p38α MAP kinase in invasive breast cancers and the activity of different functionalized chromone derivatives as p38α inhibitors, a new set of 4,9-dimethoxy/4-methoxy-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-furo[3,2-g]chromone derivatives were efficiently synthesized aiming to introduce new p38α MAP kinase suppressors as new anti-breast cancer tools. Using GOLD program, molecular docking study of the target compounds into p38α MAP kinase binding pocket was performed to highlight their scores, mode of binding and the important interactions to the amino acid residues of the enzyme. MTT assay investigated that fifteen target compounds produced marked cytotoxic potency higher than that obtained by Doxorubicin against MCF-7 cancer cells of IC50 values ranging from 0.007 to 0.17μM vs IC50; 0.62μM of doxorubicin. Eleven selected compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory potency against p38α MAPK kinase. The derivatives IVa, Va,b, VIa, IXb and XIIIa represented significant activity (IC50; 0.19-0.67μM) comparing to the reference drug SB203580 (IC50; 0.50μM). In virtue of its promising cytotoxic and p38α MAP kinase inhibition potency, the furochromone derivative IXb was selected as a representative example to investigate its mechanistic effects on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines. The results showed that the compound IXb induced cell cycle cessation at G2/M phase preventing its mitotic cycle, alongside its noteworthy activation of caspases-9 and -3 which might mediate the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Syam
- Department of Therapeutical Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Anwar
- Department of Therapeutical Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hamed I Ali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept., Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
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26
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Zare P, Shahbazfar AA, Alem M, Varmaghani S. Effects of coadministration of artemisinin and iron on histopathologicalalterations in the AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:364-367. [PMID: 28263516 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1507-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of combination treatment with artemisinin and iron on the human gastric cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AGS cell line was cultivated separately as a monolayer in culture flasks and different doses of 99% pure artemisinin with invariable doses of iron sulfate were added to the culture media and adhesive cells on the flask's bottom were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for a pathological assay. RESULTS Damage to cancerous cells increased dose dependently and it was higher in the combination treatment groups (artemisinin plus iron). The histopathological changes were observed specially in the groups with high artemisinin concentration as cell swelling, nucleus swelling, and formation of small and large vacuolization. Necrotic changes as nucleus pyknosis were seen too. Changes in groups receiving both artemisinin and iron gradually became more severe with dose increase. CONCLUSION Pathologic studies showed that the cytotoxic effects of artemisinin were dose dependent and the presence of iron enhanced the artemisinin's anticancer potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Zare
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Alem
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salman Varmaghani
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Farnesylthiosalicylic acid sensitizes hepatocarcinoma cells to artemisinin derivatives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171840. [PMID: 28182780 PMCID: PMC5300221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate (ARS), two artemisinin derivatives, have efficacious anticancer activities against human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells. This study aims to study the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a Ras inhibitor, in HCC cells (Huh-7 and HepG2 cell lines). FTS pretreatment significantly enhanced DHA/ARS-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, Bak/Bax activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase-8 and -9 activations, characteristics of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Pretreatment with Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8 inhibitor) potently prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS, and pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) significantly inhibited the loss of ΔΨm induced by DHA/ARS treatment or the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS in HCC cells. Furthermore, silencing Bak/Bax modestly but significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant N-Acetyle-Cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS instead of the combination treatment of ARS and FTS, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a key role in the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS. Similar to FTS, DHA/ARS also significantly prevented Ras activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FTS potently sensitizes Huh-7 and HepG2 cells to artemisinin derivatives via accelerating the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Liu H, Li T, Liu Y, Qin G, Wang X, Chen T. Glucose-Reduced Graphene Oxide with Excellent Biocompatibility and Photothermal Efficiency as well as Drug Loading. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:211. [PMID: 27094825 PMCID: PMC4837192 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report a facile and rapid green strategy to fabricate functionalized reduced nano-graphene oxide (nrGO) as a cooperative nanotemplate for both photothermal therapy and drug loading. Graphite oxide was firstly oxidated by nitronium ions (NO2 (+)) solution at the aid of microwave heating to obtain nano-GO (nGO) with about 50 nm of diameter, and the nGO was then reduced in pure glucose at 135 °C for 30 min to obtain nrGO with about 40 nm of diameter. The nrGO exhibits excellent biocompatibility including stable dispersibility in cell culture medium and rapid cellular uptake as well as non-cytotoxicity up to 100 μg/mL. Absorption of the nrGO at 808 nm wavelength increased more than 10-folds compared with nGO. Moreover, the nrGO has the ability to load about 317 % (w/w) of doxorubicin (DOX), and the loaded DOX could be effectively released by acid condition and/or glutathione (GSH) and/or heating. Finally, a greater cancer cell death efficacy was observed in nrGO/DOX-treated cells with GSH and heating stimulation respectively or their combination. Collectively, the nrGO developed here is an outstanding cooperative nano-platform for high-efficiency photothermal therapy and controllable drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guiqi Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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29
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Huang H, Quan YY, Wang XP, Chen TS. Gold Nanoparticles of Diameter 13 nm Induce Apoptosis in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:249. [PMID: 27178054 PMCID: PMC4870655 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedical science including antiarthritic agents, drug loading, and photothermal therapy. In this report, we studied the effects of AuNPs with diameters of 3, 13, and 45 nm, respectively, on rabbit articular chondrocytes. AuNPs were capped with citrate and their diameter and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after the rabbit articular chondrocytes were pre-incubated with 3, 13, and 45 nm AuNPs, respectively, for 24 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and fluorescence imaging with Hoechst 33258 staining were used to determine the fashion of AuNPs-induced chondrocyte death. Further, 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) significantly induced chondrocyte death accompanying apoptotic characteristics including mitochondrial damage, externalization of phosphatidylserine and nuclear concentration. However, 3 nm AuNPs (2 nM) and 45 nm (0.02 nM) AuNPs did not induce cytotoxicity in chondrocytes. Although 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, pretreatment with Nacetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, did not prevent the cytotoxicity induced by 13 nm AuNPs, indicating that 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) induced ROS-independent apoptosis in chondrocytes. These results demonstrate the size-dependent cytotoxicity of AuNPs in chondrocytes, which must be seriously considered when using AuNPs for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying-Yao Quan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Tong-Sheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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30
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Pang Y, Qin G, Wu L, Wang X, Chen T. Artesunate induces ROS-dependent apoptosis via a Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Abrams RP, Carroll WL, Woerpel KA. Five-Membered Ring Peroxide Selectively Initiates Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1305-12. [PMID: 26797166 PMCID: PMC5507670 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 1,2-dioxolane (FINO2) was identified as a lead compound from a screen of organic peroxides. FINO2 does not induce apoptosis, but instead initiates ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, oxidative cell death pathway. Few compounds are known to induce primarily ferroptosis. In contrast to the perceived instability of peroxides, FINO2 was found to be thermally stable to at least 150 °C. FINO2 was more potent in cancer cells than nonmalignant cells of the same type. One of the enantiomers was found to be more responsible for the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P. Abrams
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - William L. Carroll
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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32
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Humphreys C, Cooper AJ, Barbu E, Birch BR, Lwaleed BA. Artemisinins as potential anticancer agents: uptake detection in erythrocytes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:962-967. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol and artemisinin synergistically inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation through downregulation of testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11805-11813. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Qin G, Zhao C, Zhang L, Liu H, Quan Y, Chai L, Wu S, Wang X, Chen T. Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis preferentially via a Bim-mediated intrinsic pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2016; 20:1072-86. [PMID: 25935454 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This report is designed to dissect the detail molecular mechanism by which dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative of artemisinin, induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. DHA induced a loss of the mitochondrial transmemberane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases, and externalization of phosphatidylserine indicative of apoptosis induction. Compared with the modest inhibitory effects of silencing Bax, silencing Bak largely prevented DHA-induced ΔΨm collapse and apoptosis though DHA induced a commensurable activation of Bax and Bak, demonstrating a key role of the Bak-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. DHA did not induce Bid cleavage and translocation from cytoplasm to mitochondria and had little effects on the expressions of Puma and Noxa, but did increase Bim and Bak expressions and decrease Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of DHA was remarkably reduced by silencing Bim, and modestly but significantly reduced by silencing Puma or Noxa. Silencing Bim or Noxa preferentially reduced DHA-induced Bak activation, while silencing Puma preferentially reduced DHA-induced Bax activation, demonstrating that Bim and to a lesser extent Noxa act as upstream mediators to trigger the Bak-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In addition, silencing Mcl-1 enhanced DHA-induced Bak activation and apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate a crucial role of Bim in preferentially regulating the Bak/Mcl-1 rheostat to mediate DHA-induced apoptosis in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqi Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Li T, Liu H, Xi G, Pang Y, Wu L, Wang X, Chen T. One-step reduction and PEIylation of PEGylated nanographene oxide for highly efficient chemo-photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2972-2983. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has great potential in biomedical applications due to its excellent photothermal effect and drug loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Gaina Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Yilin Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Liping Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
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Qin G, Wu L, Liu H, Pang Y, Zhao C, Wu S, Wang X, Chen T. Artesunate induces apoptosis via a ROS-independent and Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:308-17. [PMID: 26163896 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the detail molecular mechanism by which artesunate (ARS), an artemisinin derivative, induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. ARS induced a loss of mitochondrial transmemberane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, as well as activations of Bax/Bak and caspases indicative of apoptosis induction. Silencing Bax but not Bak significantly inhibited ARS-induced apoptosis, demonstrating the key role of the Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway. Although ARS increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), ARS-induced apoptosis was neither prevented by pretreatment with ROS scavengers nor potentiated by pretreatment with l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) that enhanced the ARS-induced intracellular ROS generation, demonstrating that ROS was not involved in ARS-induced apoptosis. In addition, ARS did not induce Bid translocation to mitochondria, and the cytotoxicity of ARS was not prevented by silencing Bim, Puma or Mcl-1, but was significantly enhanced by HA14-1 pretreatment, demonstrating that Bcl-2/-xl instead of Bid and Bim as well as Puma may be the upstream factor to regulate the Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ARS induces ROS-independent apoptosis via the Bax-mediated intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqi Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Liping Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yilin Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chubiao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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37
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Yan ZQ, Wang DD, Ding L, Cui HY, Jin H, Yang XY, Yang JS, Qin B. Mechanism of artemisinin phytotoxicity action: induction of reactive oxygen species and cell death in lettuce seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 88:53-9. [PMID: 25658194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin has been recognized as an allelochemical that inhibits growth of several plant species. However, its mode of action is not well clarified. In this study, the mechanism of artemisinin phytotoxicity on lettuce seedlings was investigated. Root and shoot elongation of lettuce seedlings were inhibited by artemisinin in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound effectively arrested cell division and caused loss of cell viability in root tips of lettuce. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by artemisinin. Lipid peroxidation, proline overproduction and reduction of chlorophyll content in lettuce seedlings were found after treatments. These results suggested that artemisinin could induce ROS overproduction, which caused membrane lipids peroxidation and cell death, and impacted mitosis and physiological processes, resulting in growth inhibition of receptor plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Diseases and Insect Pests Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-She Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Maslinic acid induces mitochondrial apoptosis and suppresses HIF-1α expression in A549 lung cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Molecules 2014; 19:19892-906. [PMID: 25460312 PMCID: PMC6271386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic effects of maslinic acid (MA) at 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 μmol/L on human lung cancer A549 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were examined. MA at 4–64 and 16–64 μmol/L lowered Bcl-2 expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively (p < 0.05). This agent at 4–64 μmol/L decreased Na+-K+-ATPase activity and increased caspase-3 expression under normoxic conditions, but at 8–64 μmol/L it caused these changes under hypoxic conditions (p < 0.05). MA up-regulated caspase-8, cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 8–64 μmol/L and 32–64 μmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05). MA down-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), survivin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 8–64 and 16–64 μmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05). After cells were pre-treated with YC-1, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, MA failed to affect the protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, survivin and iNOS (p > 0.05). MA at 8-64 and 32-64 μmol/L reduced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels under both conditions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenic acid, exerted its cytotoxic activities toward A549 cells by mediating mitochondrial apoptosis and the HIF-1α pathway.
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Ganguli A, Choudhury D, Datta S, Bhattacharya S, Chakrabarti G. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine potentiates synergistically anti-cancer property of artemisinin by promoting ROS dependent apoptosis. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:338-49. [PMID: 25308836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is a well-known anti-malarial drug, and recently it is shown prospective to selectively kill cancer cells. But low potency makes it inappropriate for use as an anticancer drug. In this study, we modulated the ART-induced autophagy to increase Potency of ART as an anticancer agent. ART reduced the cell viability and colony forming ability of non-small lung carcinoma (A549) cells and it was non-toxic against normal lung (WI38) cells. ART induced autophagy at the early stage of treatment. Pre-treatment with chloroquine (CQ) and followed by ART treatment had synergistic combination index (CI) for cell death. Inhibition of autophagy by CQ pre-treatment led to accumulation of acidic vacuoles (AVOs) which acquainted with unprocessed damage mitochondria that subsequently promoted ROS generation, and resulted releases of Cyt C in cytosol that caused caspase-3 dependent apoptosis cell death in ART-treated A549 cells. Scavenging of ROS by antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) inhibited caspase-3 activity and rescued the cells from apoptosis. Similar effects were observed in other cancer cells SCC25 and MDA-MB-231. The appropriate manipulation of autophagy by using CQ provides a powerful strategy to increase the Potency of selective anticancer property of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Satabdi Datta
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Surela Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India.
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Maso V, Calgarotto AK, Franchi GC, Nowill AE, Filho PL, Vassallo J, Saad STO. Multitarget effects of quercetin in leukemia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1240-50. [PMID: 25293876 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes to investigate quercetin antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, using the P39 cell line as a model. The experimental design comprised leukemic cells or xenografts of P39 cells, treated in vitro or in vivo, respectively, with quercetin; apoptosis, cell-cycle and autophagy activation were then evaluated. Quercetin caused pronounced apoptosis in P39 leukemia cells, followed by Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 downregulation, Bax upregulation, and mitochondrial translocation, triggering cytochrome c release and caspases activation. Quercetin also induced the expression of FasL protein. Furthermore, our results demonstrated an antioxidant activity of quercetin. Quercetin treatment resulted in an increased cell arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle, with pronounced decrease in CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D, cyclin E, and cyclin A proteins, decreased Rb phosphorylation and increased p21 and p27 expression. Quercetin induced autophagosome formation in the P39 cell line. Autophagy inhibition induced by quercetin with chloroquine triggered apoptosis but did not alter quercetin modulation in the G1 phase. P39 cell treatment with a combination of quercetin and selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and/or JNK (PD184352 or SP600125, respectively), significantly decreased cells in G1 phase, this treatment, however, did not change the apoptotic cell number. Furthermore, in vivo administration of quercetin significantly reduced tumor volume in P39 xenografts and confirmed in vitro results regarding apoptosis, autophagy, and cell-cycle arrest. The antitumor activity of quercetin both in vitro and in vivo revealed in this study, point to quercetin as an attractive antitumor agent for hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Maso
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrana Karla Calgarotto
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Carlos Franchi
- Onco-Hematological Child Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Eduardo Nowill
- Onco-Hematological Child Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Latuf Filho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED, FCM-Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED, FCM-Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Spectral measurement of acceptor-to-donor extinction coefficient ratio in living cells. Micron 2014; 68:98-106. [PMID: 25464147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a simple method named as sp-ECR to determine the molar extinction coefficient ratio (γ(λex)) of acceptor-to-donor in living cells at excitation wavelength λex, which is closely associated with the acceptor cross-excitation, the hardest issue of FRET quantification. sp-ECR determines γ(λex) by spectrally unmixing the emission spectrum of a donor-acceptor tandem construct under λex excitation without any additional references, such that this method can be performed under optimal imaging condition. We used sp-ECR to measure the γ(458) of Venus/Cerulean in living HepG2 cells on a confocal microscope, and the measured values were consistent with those obtained by lux-FRET method. We also used sp-ECR to measure the γ(458) values of Venus/Cerulean and YFP/CFP as well as YFP/GFP, the commonly used FRET FPs pairs in other two kinds of cancer cell lines on the confocal microscope, and found that the extinction coefficients of FPs depended on cell lines. After predetermining the γ(458) of Venus to ECFP, we used sp-ECR method to monitor the staurosporine (STS)-induced dynamical caspase-3 activation in single live A549 cells expressing SCAT3 by spectrally resolving the absolute FRET efficiency of SCAT3, and found that STS-induced caspase-3 activation in single cells is a very rapid process within 20 min.
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Zhao SJ, Wang SJ, Li HX, Dong LH, He HJ, Liu ZM, Wang YS. Protection effect of Emodin pretreatment on intestinal I-RI damage of intestinal mucosa in ratsa. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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ZHU SHUNQIN, LIU WANHONG, KE XIAOXUE, LI JIFU, HU RENJIAN, CUI HONGJUAN, SONG GUANBIN. Artemisinin reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1094-100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhao C, Qin G, Gao W, Chen J, Liu H, Xi G, Li T, Wu S, Chen T. Potent proapoptotic actions of dihydroartemisinin in gemcitabine-resistant A549 cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2223-33. [PMID: 25018064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated the key roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated caspase-8- and Bax-dependent apoptotic pathways in dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-induced apoptosis of A549 cells. This report is designed to investigate the proapoptotic mechanisms of DHA in gemcitabine (Gem)-resistant A549 (A549GR) cells. A549GR cells exhibited lower basal antioxidant capacity, higher level of basal ROS and intracellular Fe(2+) than Gem-sensitive A549 (A549) cells. In contrast to the sluggish ROS generation induced by Gem, DHA induced a rapid ROS generation within 30min. Moreover, Gem induced similar ROS generation in both cell lines, while DHA induced more ROS generation in A549GR cells than in A549 cells. More importantly, after treatment with DHA, A549GR cells showed more potent induction in Bax activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), caspase activation and apoptosis than A549 cells. Furthermore, NAC pretreatment potently prevented DHA-induced ROS generation and loss of ΔΨm as well as apoptosis, and silencing Bax by shRNA or inhibition of one of caspase-3, -8 and -9 also significantly prevented DHA-induced apoptosis in both cell lines, indicating the key roles of ROS and Bax as well as the caspases. Collectively, DHA presents more potent proapoptotic actions in A549GR cells preferentially over normal A549 cells via ROS-dependent apoptotic pathway, in which Bax and caspases are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubiao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guiqi Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Gaina Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Li ZJ, Li XM, Piao YJ, Choi DK, Kim SJ, Kim JW, Sohn KC, Kim CD, Lee JH. Genkwadaphnin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Das SS, Nanda GG, Alone DP. Artemisinin and curcumin inhibit Drosophila brain tumor, prolong life span, and restore locomotor activity. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:496-506. [PMID: 24975030 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of tumor suppressor gene, lethal(2)giant larvae [l(2)gl], leads to brain tumor in Drosophila melanogaster at larval stage of development and severe brain dysplasia in mice. We have studied the effect of two potential antitumor drugs artemisinin and curcumin in the perspective of inhibiting l(2)gl brain tumor. Efficacies of these drugs are characterized morphologically by measuring brain sizes of untreated and treated larvae on the basis of tumor inhibition and anatomically by looking at the cellular patterning via antibody staining of the third instar Drosophila larval brains. Behavioral experiments were done in form of locomotion to correlate tumor inhibition with the revival of brain function and longevity assays to assess general health span. It was observed that both drugs show antitumor properties individually and in combination when larvae were treated with these drugs. We also found evidence for reactive oxygen species-mediated action of these drugs. Both the drugs when treated individually or together show better median life span and locomotory response. Although the efficacies of various treatments varied, overall, the positive effects of artemisinin and curcumin demonstrate a potential applicability of these drugs against brain tumor in higher organisms. It also paves a way for a simpler model system for screening such natural products for antitumor property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Soumyaranjan Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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47
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Chen J, Wang X, Chen T. Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a 'water-only' route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:86. [PMID: 24548613 PMCID: PMC3996089 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A facile and green strategy is reported for the fabrication of nanosized and reduced covalently PEGylated graphene oxide (nrGO-PEG) with great biocompatibility and high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. Covalently PEGylated nGO (nGO-PEG) was synthesized by the reaction of nGO-COOH and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2). The neutral and purified nGO-PEG solution was then directly bathed in water at 90°C for 24 h without any additive to obtain nrGO-PEG. Covalent PEGylation not only prevented the aggregation of nGO but also dramatically promoted the reduction extent of nGO during this reduction process. The resulting single-layered nrGO-PEG sheets were approximately 50 nm in average lateral dimension and exhibited great biocompatibility and approximately 7.6-fold increment in NIR absorption. Moreover, this facile reduction process repaired the aromatic structure of GO. CCK-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) assays showed that exposure of A549 cells to 100 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG for 2 h, exhibiting 71.5% of uptake ratio, did not induce significant cytotoxicity. However, after irradiation with 808 nm laser (0.6 W/cm2) for 5 min, the cells incubated with 6 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG solution showed approximately 90% decrease of cell viability, demonstrating the high-efficiency photothermal therapy of nrGO-PEG to tumor cells in vitro. This work established nrGO-PEG as a promising photothermal agent due to its small size, great biocompatibility, high photothermal efficiency, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
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48
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An FF, Liu YC, Zhang WW, Liang L. Dihydroartemisinine Enhances Dictamnine-induced Apoptosis via a Caspase Dependent Pathway in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5895-900. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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49
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Wang HY, Huang RP, Han P, Xue DB, Li HB, Liu B, Shan P, Wang QS, Li KS, Li HL. The effects of artemisinin on the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells of rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:201-8. [PMID: 24105880 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yang Wang
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Ren-ping Huang
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Peng Han
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Dong-bo Xue
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Hai-bin Li
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Bing Liu
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Peng Shan
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Qing-shan Wang
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Ke-shen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Ha-li Li
- Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
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Misra A, Conway MF, Johnnie J, Qureshi TM, Lige B, Derrick AM, Agbo EC, Sriram G. Metabolic analyses elucidate non-trivial gene targets for amplifying dihydroartemisinic acid production in yeast. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:200. [PMID: 23898325 PMCID: PMC3724057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology enables metabolic engineering of industrial microbes to synthesize value-added molecules. In this, a major challenge is the efficient redirection of carbon to the desired metabolic pathways. Pinpointing strategies toward this goal requires an in-depth investigation of the metabolic landscape of the organism, particularly primary metabolism, to identify precursor and cofactor availability for the target compound. The potent antimalarial therapeutic artemisinin and its precursors are promising candidate molecules for production in microbial hosts. Recent advances have demonstrated the production of artemisinin precursors in engineered yeast strains as an alternative to extraction from plants. We report the application of in silico and in vivo metabolic pathway analyses to identify metabolic engineering targets to improve the yield of the direct artemisinin precursor dihydroartemisinic acid (DHA) in yeast. First, in silico extreme pathway (ExPa) analysis identified NADPH-malic enzyme and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as mechanisms to meet NADPH demand for DHA synthesis. Next, we compared key DHA-synthesizing ExPas to the metabolic flux distributions obtained from in vivo (13)C metabolic flux analysis of a DHA-synthesizing strain. This comparison revealed that knocking out ethanol synthesis and overexpressing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the oxidative PPP (gene YNL241C) or the NADPH-malic enzyme ME2 (YKL029C) are vital steps toward overproducing DHA. Finally, we employed in silico flux balance analysis and minimization of metabolic adjustment on a yeast genome-scale model to identify gene knockouts for improving DHA yields. The best strategy involved knockout of an oxaloacetate transporter (YKL120W) and an aspartate aminotransferase (YKL106W), and was predicted to improve DHA yields by 70-fold. Collectively, our work elucidates multiple non-trivial metabolic engineering strategies for improving DHA yield in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew F. Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Johnnie
- Institute for Systems Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Tabish M. Qureshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Bao Lige
- Fyodor BiotechnologiesBaltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ganesh Sriram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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