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Zong S, Li X, Zhang G, Hu J, Li H, Guo Z, Zhao X, Chen J, Wang Y, Jing Z. Effect of luteolin on glioblastoma's immune microenvironment and tumor growth suppression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155611. [PMID: 38776737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most malignant and prevalent primary human brain tumor, and the immunological microenvironment controlled by glioma stem cells is one of the essential elements contributing to its malignancy. The use of medications to ameliorate the tumor microenvironment may give a new approach for glioma treatment. METHODS Glioma stem cells were separated from clinical patient-derived glioma samples for molecular research. Other studies, including CCK8, EdU, Transwell, and others, supported luteolin's ability to treat glioma progenitor cells. Network pharmacology and molecular docking models were used to study the drug target, and qRT-PCR, WB, and IF were used to evaluate the molecular mechanism. Intracranial xenografts were examined using HE and IHC, while macrophage polarization was examined using FC. RESULTS We originally discovered that luteolin inhibits glioma stem cells. IL6 released by glioma stem cells is blocked during medication action and inhibits glioma stem cell proliferation and invasion via the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, luteolin inhibits the secretion of TGFβ1, affects the polarization function of macrophages in the microenvironment, inhibits the polarization of M2 macrophages in TAM, and further inhibits various functions of glioma stem cells by affecting the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway, luteolin crosstalk TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling pathway, and so on. CONCLUSIONS Through the suppression of the immunological microenvironment and inhibition of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway, our study determined the inhibitory effect of luteolin on glioma stem cells. This medication's dual inhibitory action, which has a significant negative impact on the glioma stem cells' malignant process, makes it both a viable anti-glioma medication and a candidate for targeted glioma microenvironment therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Xinqiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Jinpeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Zhengting Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China.
| | - Zhitao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China.
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Su Y, Guan W, Wang Y, Han J, Wang S, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Luteolin: A promising multifunctional natural flavonoid for human diseases. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3417-3443. [PMID: 38666435 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are closely associated with human health. Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is widely found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs. It is noteworthy that LUT exhibits a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties and holds significant potential for clinical applications, particularly in antitumor, anti-convulsion, diabetes control, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti-oxidation, anti-cardiovascular, and other aspects. The potential mechanism of action has been partially elucidated, including the mediation of NF-κB, toll-like receptor, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, AMPK/mTOR, and Nrf-2, among others. The review that aimed to comprehensively consolidate essential information on natural sources, pharmacological effects, therapeutic and preventive potential, as well as potential mechanisms of LUT. The objective is to establish a theoretical basis for the continued development and application of LUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Zarei Shandiz S, Erfani B, Hashemy SI. Protective effects of silymarin in glioblastoma cancer cells through redox system regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:723. [PMID: 38833199 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme, a deadly form of brain tumor, is characterized by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Oxidative stress, a disruption in the balance between antioxidants and oxidants, is a crucial factor in its pathogenesis. Silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, has shown therapeutic potential in inhibiting cancer cell growth, promoting apoptosis, and reducing inflammation. It also regulates oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of silymarin on oxidative stress parameters, especially the transcription factor Nrf2 and its related enzymes in GBM cancer cells, to develop a new anti-cancer compound with low toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS First, the cytotoxicity of silymarin on U-87 MG cells was investigated by MTT and the results showed an IC50 of 264.6 μM. Then, some parameters of the redox system were measured with commercial kits, and the obtained results showed that silymarin increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, as well as the total antioxidant capacity levels; while the malondialdehyde level that is an indicator of lipid peroxidation was decreased by this compound. The expression level of Nrf2 and HO-1 and glutaredoxin and thioredoxin enzymes were checked by real-time PCR method, and the expression level increased significantly after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that silymarin may exert its cytotoxic and anticancer effects by enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through antioxidant mechanisms in U-87 MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zarei Shandiz
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Erfani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Roca E, Colloca G, Lombardo F, Bellieni A, Cucinella A, Madonia G, Martinelli L, Damiani ME, Zampieri I, Santo A. The importance of integrated therapies on cancer: Silibinin, an old and new molecule. Oncotarget 2024; 15:345-353. [PMID: 38781107 PMCID: PMC11115268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the landscape of cancer treatments, the efficacy of coadjuvant molecules remains a focus of attention for clinical research with the aim of reducing toxicity and achieving better outcomes. Most of the pathogenetic processes causing tumour development, neoplastic progression, ageing, and increased toxicity involve inflammation. Inflammatory mechanisms can progress through a variety of molecular patterns. As is well known, the ageing process is determined by pathological pathways very similar and often parallel to those that cause cancer development. Among these complex mechanisms, inflammation is currently much studied and is often referred to in the geriatric field as 'inflammaging'. In this context, treatments active in the management of inflammatory mechanisms could play a role as adjuvants to standard therapies. Among these emerging molecules, Silibinin has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory properties in different neoplastic types, also in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, this molecule could represent a breakthrough in the management of age-related processes. Thus, Silibinin could be a valuable adjuvant to reduce drug-related toxicity and increase therapeutic potential. For this reason, the main aim of this review is to collect and analyse data presented in the literature on the use of Silibinin, to better understand the mechanisms of the functioning of this molecule and its possible therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roca
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colloca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Lombardo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Andrea Bellieni
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucinella
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Madonia
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Licia Martinelli
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Damiani
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Ilaria Zampieri
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Antonio Santo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin, a Plant-Based Flavonoid, in the Prevention of Cancers via Modulation of Inflammation and Cell Signaling Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:1093. [PMID: 38474604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables and fruits, including carrots, cabbages, onions, parsley, apples, broccoli, and peppers. Extensive research in vivo and in vitro has been performed to explore its role in disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, this compound possesses the ability to combat cancer by modulating cell-signaling pathways across various types of cancer. The studies have confirmed that luteolin can inhibit cancer-cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, mTOR/PI3K/Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, and cell-cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis. Further, scientific evidence describes that this compound plays a vital role in the up/down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy. This review aims to outline the anti-cancer mechanisms of this compound and its molecular targets. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the studies on its safety and efficacy and clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to conduct more research based on safety, efficacy, and clinical trials to explore the beneficial role of this compound in disease management, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid A Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Qin Y, Xiong S, Ren J, Sethi G. Autophagy machinery in glioblastoma: The prospect of cell death crosstalk and drug resistance with bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216482. [PMID: 37977349 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are common malignancies with high mortality and morbidity in which glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma with heterogeneous nature. The conventional therapeutics for the GB mainly include surgery and chemotherapy, however their efficacy has been compromised due to the aggressiveness of tumor cells. The dysregulation of cell death mechanisms, especially autophagy has been reported as a factor causing difficulties in cancer therapy. As a mechanism contributing to cell homeostasis, the autophagy process is hijacked by tumor cells for the purpose of aggravating cancer progression and drug resistance. The autophagy function is context-dependent and its role can be lethal or protective in cancer. The aim of the current paper is to highlight the role of autophagy in the regulation of GB progression. The cytotoxic function of autophagy can promote apoptosis and ferroptosis in GB cells and vice versa. Autophagy dysregulation can cause drug resistance and radioresistance in GB. Moreover, stemness can be regulated by autophagy and overall growth as well as metastasis are affected by autophagy. The various interventions including administration of synthetic/natural products and nanoplatforms can target autophagy. Therefore, autophagy can act as a promising target in GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Lab, Chifeng Cancer Hospital (The 2nd Afflicted Hospital of Chifeng University), Chifeng University, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 024000, China.
| | - Shengjun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Li Z, Ge H, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun W, Song M. Luteolin inhibits angiogenesis and enhances radiotherapy sensitivity of laryngeal cancer via downregulating Integrin β1. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102235. [PMID: 37826960 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To demonstrate the role and mechanism of luteolin in radio-sensitization and angiogenesis of laryngeal cancer. METHODS Firstly, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of Luteolin and radiation sensitive cytotoxicity through CCK8, and selected subsequent radiation doses and Luteolin concentrations. Next, we further analyzed the effects of Luteolin on radiation sensitivity and neovascularization of laryngeal cancer, and conducted CCK8, plate cloning, and angiogenesis experiments, respectively. At the same time, the effects of individual treatment and combination treatment on the expression of Integrin β1 and VEGFA were analyzed through immunofluorescence analysis. We also analyzed the regulation of Integrin β1 protein expression by Luteolin through Western blot. To investigate the mechanism of Integrin β1, we transfected overexpressed and silenced Integrin β1 vectors and analyzed the role of Integrin β1 in Luteolin enhancing radiation sensitivity of laryngeal cancer by repeating the above experiments. We have also constructed an in vivo subcutaneous tumor transplantation model to further validate the cell experimental results. The expression of Integrin, KI67, VEGFA, and CD31 was analyzed through Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. RESULTS Radiation inhibited cell proliferation and decreased Integrin β1 expression, and increased the radiosensitivity through inhibiting cell proliferation, and inhibit angiogenesis during radiation. Overexpression of Integrin β1 weakened radiotherapy sensitivity on the basis of cells treated with combined administration. Integrin β1 is considered as the downstream molecule of luteolin, participating in radiosensitivity of luteolin to FaDu cells. Animal experiments also demonstrated that luteolin strengthened tumor suppression and anti-angiogenesis during radiation via Integrin β1. CONCLUSION In summary, our results manifested that radio-sensitivity effect of luteolin depended on downregulating Integrin β1 in laryngocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhou Ge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital) Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yonggang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meiyan Song
- Administrative Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Landry J, Shows K, Jagdeesh A, Shah A, Pokhriyal M, Yakovlev V. Regulatory miRNAs in cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Enzymes 2023; 53:113-196. [PMID: 37748835 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The desired outcome of cancer therapies is the eradication of disease. This can be achieved when therapy exposure leads to therapy-induced cancer cell death as the dominant outcome. Theoretically, a permanent therapy-induced growth arrest could also contribute to a complete response, which has the potential to lead to remission. However, preclinical models have shown that therapy-induced growth arrest is not always durable, as recovering cancer cell populations can contribute to the recurrence of cancer. Significant research efforts have been expended to develop strategies focusing on the prevention of recurrence. Recovery of cells from therapy exposure can occur as a result of several cell stress adaptations. These include cytoprotective autophagy, cellular quiescence, a reversable form of senescence, and the suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis. It is well documented that microRNAs regulate the response of cancer cells to anti-cancer therapies, making targeting microRNAs therapeutically a viable strategy to sensitization and the prevention of recovery. We propose that the use of microRNA-targeting therapies in prolonged sequence, that is, a significant period after initial therapy exposure, could reduce toxicity from the standard combination strategy, and could exploit new epigenetic states essential for cancer cells to recover from therapy exposure. In a step toward supporting this strategy, we survey the available scientific literature to identify microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence to eliminate residual cancer cell populations that were arrested as a result of therapy exposure. It is our hope that by successfully identifying microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence we can prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Kathryn Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Akash Jagdeesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Aashka Shah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mihir Pokhriyal
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Vasily Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Han M, Lu Y, Tao Y, Zhang X, Dai C, Zhang B, Xu H, Li J. Luteolin Protects Pancreatic β Cells against Apoptosis through Regulation of Autophagy and ROS Clearance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:975. [PMID: 37513887 PMCID: PMC10385282 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, which is mainly characterized by increased apoptosis and dysfunction of beta (β) cells, is a metabolic disease caused by impairment of pancreatic islet function. Previous studies have demonstrated that death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (Drak2) is involved in regulating β cell survival. Since natural products have multiple targets and often are multifunctional, making them promising compounds for the treatment of diabetes, we identified Drak2 inhibitors from a natural product library. Among the identified products, luteolin, a flavonoid, was found to be the most effective compound. In vitro, luteolin effectively alleviated palmitate (PA)-induced apoptosis of β cells and PA-induced impairment of primary islet function. In vivo, luteolin showed a tendency to lower blood glucose levels. It also alleviated STZ-induced apoptosis of β cells and metabolic disruption in mice. This function of luteolin partially relied on Drak2 inhibition. Furthermore, luteolin was also found to effectively relieve oxidative stress and promote autophagy in β cells, possibly improving β cell function and slowing the progression of diabetes. In conclusion, our findings show the promising effect of Drak2 inhibitors in relieving diabetes and offer a potential therapeutic target for the protection of β cells. We also reveal some of the underlying mechanisms of luteolin's cytoprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunhua Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengqiu Dai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honghong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingya Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Bertoldo JB, Müller S, Hüttelmaier S. RNA-binding proteins in cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103580. [PMID: 37031812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial players in tumorigenesis and, hence, promising targets in cancer drug discovery. However, they are largely regarded as 'undruggable', because of the often noncatalytic and complex interactions between protein and RNA, which limit the discovery of specific inhibitors. Nonetheless, over the past 10 years, drug discovery efforts have uncovered RBP inhibitors with clinical relevance, highlighting the disruption of RNA-protein networks as a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the role of structurally distinct RBPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of RBP-directed small-molecule inhibitors (SMOIs) focusing on drug-protein interactions, binding surfaces, potency, and translational potential. Additionally, we underline the limitations of RBP-targeting drug discovery assays and comment on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Bertoldo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis and Genetic Technologies for Targeting Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060897. [PMID: 36980238 PMCID: PMC10047676 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a poor prognosis. GBM is characterized by cytoprotective homeostatic processes such as the activation of autophagy, capability to confer therapeutic resistance, evasion of apoptosis, and survival strategy even in the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. The current gold standard of therapy, which involves radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), has been a game-changer for patients with GBM, relatively improving both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); however, TMZ is now well-known to upregulate undesirable cytoprotective autophagy, limiting its therapeutic efficacy for induction of apoptosis in GBM cells. The identification of targets utilizing bioinformatics-driven approaches, advancement of modern molecular biology technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and usage of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression led to the selection of many novel targets for new therapeutic development and the creation of promising combination therapies. This review explores the current state of advanced bioinformatics analysis and genetic technologies and their utilization for synergistic combination with TMZ in the context of inhibition of autophagy for controlling the growth of GBM.
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12
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Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030554. [PMID: 36992138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global concern, as the rate of incidence is increasing each year. The challenges related to the current chemotherapy drugs, such as the concerns related to toxicity, turn to cancer therapeutic research to discover alternative therapy strategies that are less toxic to normal cells. Among those studies, the use of flavonoids—natural compounds produced by plants as secondary metabolites for cancer therapy—has been a hot topic in cancer treatment. Luteolin, a flavonoid that has been present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has been identified to exhibit numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. The anticancer property of Luteolin has been extensively researched in many cancer types and has been related to its ability to inhibit tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and cell cycle progression. It achieves this by interacting with various signaling pathways and proteins. In the current review, the molecular targets of Luteolin as it exerts its anticancer properties, the combination therapy that includes Luteolin with other flavonoids or chemotherapeutic drugs, and the nanodelivery strategies for Luteolin are described for several cancer types.
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13
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Anticancer Mechanism of Flavonoids on High-Grade Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040797. [PMID: 36839156 PMCID: PMC9964830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are the most common and deadliest malignant adult tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the advancements in the multimodality treatment of high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas, the five-year survival rates still remain poor. The biggest challenge in treating high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is the intra-tumor heterogeneity feature of the glioma tumors. Introducing dietary flavonoids to the current high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma treatment strategies is crucial to overcome this challenge, as flavonoids can target several molecular targets. This review discusses the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, chrysin, apigenin, naringenin, silibinin, EGCG, genistein, biochanin A and C3G) through targeting molecules associated with high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, migration, invasion, autophagy and DNA repair. In addition, the common molecules targeted by the flavonoids such as Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, p38, Erk, JNK, p38, beclin-1 and LC3B were also discussed. Moreover, the clinical relevance of flavonoid molecular targets in high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is discussed with comparison to small molecules inhibitors: ralimetinib, AMG232, marimastat, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Despite the positive pre-clinical results, further investigations in clinical studies are warranted to substantiate the efficacy and safety of the use of flavonoids on high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma patients.
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14
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Bhushan S, Uttam V, Sharma U, Jain A, Sak K, Yadav V, Lorenzo JM, Dhama K, Behl T, Sethi G. Natural flavonoids exhibit potent anticancer activity by targeting microRNAs in cancer: A signature step hinting towards clinical perfection. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101596. [PMID: 36473401 PMCID: PMC9727168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevalence and its rate of incidence are constantly rising since the past few decades. Owing to the toxicity of present-day antineoplastic drugs, it is imperative to explore safer and more effective molecules to combat and/or prevent this dreaded disease. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have exhibited multifaceted implications against several diseases including cancer, without showing significant toxicity towards the normal cells. Shredded pieces of evidence suggest that flavonoids can enhance drug sensitivity and suppress proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells by modulating several oncogenic or oncosuppressor microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). They play pivotal roles in regulation of various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. In the present review, the structure, chemistry and miR targeting efficacy of quercetin, luteolin, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, and cyanidin against several cancer types are comprehensively discussed. miRs are considered as next-generation medicine of recent times, and their targeting by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cells could be deemed as a signature step. We anticipate that our compilations related to miRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cells by flavonoids might catapult the clinical investigations and affirmation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botany, Central University Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, Punjab 151401, India
| | | | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense 32900, Spain,Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India,Corresponding authors.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore,Corresponding authors.
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15
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Mitra S, Dash R, Munni YA, Selsi NJ, Akter N, Uddin MN, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Natural Products Targeting Hsp90 for a Concurrent Strategy in Glioblastoma and Neurodegeneration. Metabolites 2022; 12:1153. [PMID: 36422293 PMCID: PMC9697676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common aggressive, resistant, and invasive primary brain tumors that share neurodegenerative actions, resembling many neurodegenerative diseases. Although multiple conventional approaches, including chemoradiation, are more frequent in GBM therapy, these approaches are ineffective in extending the mean survival rate and are associated with various side effects, including neurodegeneration. This review proposes an alternative strategy for managing GBM and neurodegeneration by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 is a well-known molecular chaperone that plays essential roles in maintaining and stabilizing protein folding to degradation in protein homeostasis and modulates signaling in cancer and neurodegeneration by regulating many client protein substrates. The therapeutic benefits of Hsp90 inhibition are well-known for several malignancies, and recent evidence highlights that Hsp90 inhibitors potentially inhibit the aggressiveness of GBM, increasing the sensitivity of conventional treatment and providing neuroprotection in various neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, the overview of Hsp90 modulation in GBM and neurodegeneration progress has been discussed with a summary of recent outcomes on Hsp90 inhibition in various GBM models and neurodegeneration. Particular emphasis is also given to natural Hsp90 inhibitors that have been evidenced to show dual protection in both GBM and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nusrat Jahan Selsi
- Product Development Department, Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Molecular Pharmacology, East West University Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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16
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Singh Tuli H, Rath P, Chauhan A, Sak K, Aggarwal D, Choudhary R, Sharma U, Vashishth K, Sharma S, Kumar M, Yadav V, Singh T, Yerer MB, Haque S. Luteolin, a Potent Anticancer Compound: From Chemistry to Cellular Interactions and Synergetic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5373. [PMID: 36358791 PMCID: PMC9658186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of cancer incidence and the toxicity concerns of existing chemotherapeutic agents have intensified the research to explore more alternative routes to combat tumor. Luteolin, a flavone found in numerous fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has exhibited a number of biological activities, such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Luteolin inhibits tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and migration. Mechanistically, luteolin causes cell death by downregulating Akt, PLK-1, cyclin-B1, cyclin-A, CDC-2, CDK-2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL, while upregulating BAX, caspase-3, and p21. It has also been reported to inhibit STAT3 signaling by the suppression of STAT3 activation and enhanced STAT3 protein degradation in various cancer cells. Therefore, extensive studies on the anticancer properties of luteolin reveal its promising role in chemoprevention. The present review describes all the possible cellular interactions of luteolin in cancer, along with its synergistic mode of action and nanodelivery insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
| | - Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | | | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda 151001, India
| | - Kanupriya Vashishth
- Department of Cardiology, Advance Cardiac Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sheetu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacovigilace and Clinical Research, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University Sadopur, Ambala 133001, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Sharma E, Attri DC, Sati P, Dhyani P, Szopa A, Sharifi-Rad J, Hano C, Calina D, Cho WC. Recent updates on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1005910. [PMID: 36247004 PMCID: PMC9557130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1005910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s scenario, when cancer cases are increasing rapidly, anticancer herbal compounds become imperative. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols published in specialized databases such as Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were used as sources of information for this review. Natural polyphenols provide established efficacy against chemically induced tumor growth with fewer side effects. They can sensitize cells to various therapies and increase the effectiveness of biotherapy. Further pharmacological translational research and clinical trials are needed to evaluate theirs in vivo efficacy, possible side effects and toxicity. Polyphenols can be used to design a potential treatment in conjunction with existing cancer drug regimens such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Chand Attri
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Sati
- Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Orleans, Eure et Loir Campus, Chartres, France
- *Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- *Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; William C. Cho,
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; William C. Cho,
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18
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Islam F, Mitra S, Emran TB, Khan Z, Nath N, Das R, Sharma R, Awadh AAA, Park MN, Kim B. Natural Small Molecules in Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Cancers: Molecular Insights and Targeted Therapies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175686. [PMID: 36080453 PMCID: PMC9457641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Although surgery is the primary treatment, serious maladies that dissipate to other parts of the body may require chemotherapy. As there is no effective procedure to treat stomach cancer, natural small molecules are a current focus of research interest for the development of better therapeutics. Chemotherapy is usually used as a last resort for people with advanced stomach cancer. Anti-colon cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly effective due to drug resistance and sensitivity across a wide spectrum of drugs. Naturally-occurring substances have been widely acknowledged as an important project for discovering innovative medications, and many therapeutic pharmaceuticals are made from natural small molecules. Although the beneficial effects of natural products are as yet unknown, emerging data suggest that several natural small molecules could suppress the progression of stomach cancer. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of natural small molecules for pathways that are directly involved in the pathogenesis of cancerous diseases is reviewed in this article. Chemotherapy and molecularly-targeted drugs can provide hope to colon cancer patients. New discoveries could help in the fight against cancer, and future stomach cancer therapies will probably include molecularly formulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05254, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 05254, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (B.K.)
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19
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Shang Q, Yang Y, Li H. LINC01605 knockdown induces apoptosis in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts by inhibiting autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:343. [PMID: 35401799 PMCID: PMC8988162 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an irreversible disease that causes blindness. Formation of a hypertrophic scar (HS) is the main cause of failure of glaucoma surgery. The long non-coding RNA LINC01605 is closely associated with the formation of HS; however, the function of LINC01605 in the formation and development of HS remains unclear. For this study, firstly, human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) and corneal epithelial cells (control cells) were collected from patients (n=5) with POAG who underwent glaucoma filtration surgery at Fuyang People's Hospital. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of vimentin (one of the main components of medium fiber and plays an important role in the cytoskeleton and motility), keratin (the main component of cytoskeletal proteins) and LC3 (an autophagy marker). In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect LINC01605 expression. Besides, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess the viability of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs). Next, flow cytometry was performed to detect HTF apoptosis. Furthermore, western blot analysis was performed for Bax, Bcl-2, Pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated (p-)Smad2, Smad2, α-SMA, MMP9, ATG7, p62, beclin 1, p-AMPK and AMPK in HTFs to determine the mechanism by which LINC01605 regulates the formation and development of HS. Moreover, a Transwell assay was performed to detect the migratory ability of HTFs. The results demonstrated that LINC01605 was significantly upregulated in HS tissues compared with that in normal (control/healthy) tissues. In addition, vimentin was highly expressed in HTFs, whereas keratin was expressed at a low level. Also, in HTFs, LINC01605 knockdown inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, decreasing Smad2 activation and inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, LINC01605 knockdown significantly inhibited the migratory ability of HTFs. Transfection with LINC01605 small interference RNAs significantly downregulated the expression levels of p-Smad2, α-SMA and MMP9 in HTFs. Furthermore, LINC01605 knockdown notably inhibited the viability and migration, and induced the apoptosis of HTFs, the effects of which were reversed following treatment with TGF-β. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that LINC01605 knockdown may inhibit the viability of HTFs by inducing the apoptotic pathway. These findings may provide novel directions for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
| | - Hangzhu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
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20
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Ghaemi S, Fekrirad Z, Zamani N, Rahmani R, Arefian E. Non-coding RNAs Enhance the Apoptosis Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents Used for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiform. J Drug Target 2022; 30:589-602. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2047191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Tabnak P, Masrouri S, Mafakheri A. Natural products in suppressing glioma progression: A focus on the role of microRNAs. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1576-1599. [PMID: 35174549 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. Due to inadequate response to the current treatments available, glioma has been at the center of recent cancer studies searching for novel treatment strategies. This has prompted an intensive search using linkage studies and preliminary evidence to gain efficient insight into the mechanisms involved in the alleviation of the pathogenesis of glioma mediated by miRNAs, a group of noncoding RNAs that affect gene expression posttranscriptionally. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs can exacerbate the malignant features of tumor cells in glioma and other cancers. Natural products can exert anticancer effects on glioma cells by stimulating the expression levels of tumor suppressor miRNAs and repressing the expression levels of oncogenic miRNAs. In this review, we aimed to collect and analyze the literature addressing the roles of natural products in the treatment of glioma, with an emphasis on their involvement in the regulation of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Tabnak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroush Masrouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asrin Mafakheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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22
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Valacchi G, Pambianchi E, Coco S, Pulliero A, Izzotti A. MicroRNA Alterations Induced in Human Skin by Diesel Fumes, Ozone, and UV Radiation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:176. [PMID: 35207665 PMCID: PMC8880698 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are a driving force of the carcinogenesis process. MicroRNAs play a role in silencing mutated oncogenes, thus defending the cell against the adverse consequences of genotoxic damages induced by environmental pollutants. These processes have been well investigated in lungs; however, although skin is directly exposed to a great variety of environmental pollutants, more research is needed to better understand the effect on cutaneous tissue. Therefore, we investigated microRNA alteration in human skin biopsies exposed to diesel fumes, ozone, and UV light for over 24 h of exposure. UV and ozone-induced microRNA alteration right after exposure, while the peak of their deregulations induced by diesel fumes was reached only at the end of the 24 h. Diesel fumes mainly altered microRNAs involved in the carcinogenesis process, ozone in apoptosis, and UV in DNA repair. Accordingly, each tested pollutant induced a specific pattern of microRNA alteration in skin related to the intrinsic mechanisms activated by the specific pollutant. These alterations, over a short time basis, reflect adaptive events aimed at defending the tissue against damages. Conversely, whenever environmental exposure lasts for a long time, the irreversible alteration of the microRNA machinery results in epigenetic damage contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammation, dysplasia, and cancer induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Research Campus Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (G.V.); (E.P.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Research Campus Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (G.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genova, Italy
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23
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do Nascimento RP, dos Santos BL, Amparo JAO, Soares JRP, da Silva KC, Santana MR, Almeida ÁMAN, da Silva VDA, Costa MDFD, Ulrich H, Moura-Neto V, Lopes GPDF, Costa SL. Neuroimmunomodulatory Properties of Flavonoids and Derivates: A Potential Action as Adjuvants for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010116. [PMID: 35057010 PMCID: PMC8778519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are tumors that have a high ability to migrate, invade and proliferate in the healthy tissue, what greatly impairs their treatment. These characteristics are associated with the complex microenvironment, formed by the perivascular niche, which is also composed of several stromal cells including astrocytes, microglia, fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells, supporting tumor progression. Further microglia and macrophages associated with GBMs infiltrate the tumor. These innate immune cells are meant to participate in tumor surveillance and eradication, but they become compromised by GBM cells and exploited in the process. In this review we discuss the context of the GBM microenvironment together with the actions of flavonoids, which have attracted scientific attention due to their pharmacological properties as possible anti-tumor agents. Flavonoids act on a variety of signaling pathways, counteracting the invasion process. Luteolin and rutin inhibit NFκB activation, reducing IL-6 production. Fisetin promotes tumor apoptosis, while inhibiting ADAM expression, reducing invasion. Naringenin reduces tumor invasion by down-regulating metalloproteinases expression. Apigenin and rutin induce apoptosis in C6 cells increasing TNFα, while decreasing IL-10 production, denoting a shift from the immunosuppressive Th2 to the Th1 profile. Overall, flavonoids should be further exploited for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Balbino Lino dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- Academic College of Nurse, Department of Health, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-205, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jéssika Alves Oliveira Amparo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Janaina Ribeiro Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Monique Reis Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Áurea Maria Alves Nunes Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Victor Diógenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Paulo Niemeyer State Institute of the Brain, Rio de Janeiro 20230-024, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute for Sea Studies (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
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Sadri Nahand J, Salmaninejad A, Mollazadeh S, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Rezaee M, Sheida AH, Sadoughi F, Dana PM, Rafiyan M, Zamani M, Taghavi SP, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Moghoofei M, Karimzadeh M, Vosough M, Mirzaei H. Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:97-162. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liang H, Zeng P, Fu W, Yu J, Chen L, Chai D, Wen Y, Chen A. Synthesis, characterization, and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of glycyrrhizin-coupled bovine serum albumin-loaded luteolin nanoparticles. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_34_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Ma J, Chen X, Zhu X, Pan Z, Hao W, Li D, Zheng Q, Tang X. Luteolin potentiates low-dose oxaliplatin-induced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in gastric cancer by inducing G 2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 34820015 PMCID: PMC8607327 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the reduction of oxaliplatin doses may alleviate deleterious side effects of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer treatment, it also limits the anticancer therapeutic effects. As a high-efficient and low-priced herbal medicine ingredient, luteolin is an agent with a broad spectrum of anticancer activities and acts as a potential enhancer of therapeutic effects of chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment. This study focused on the antitumor effects and mechanism of combined treatment with luteolin and oxaliplatin on a mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC) cell line. The study used CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay, reactive oxygen species testing assay, mitochondrial membrane potential testing assay, and western blot assay. The results showed that luteolin and oxaliplatin exerted synergistic effects on inhibiting MFC cell proliferation by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1/phosphorylated-extracellular-regulated protein kinases1/2/cell division cycle 25 homolog C/cyclin-dependent kinase-1/cyclin B1 pathway was indispensable to the combined treatment with luteolin and oxaliplatin to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, luteolin increased oxidative stress in MFC cells treated with a low dose of oxaliplatin. The combined therapy damaged mitochondrial membrane potential and regulated BCL-2-associated X protein and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression, leading to apoptosis. Findings of the present study suggest that luteolin may be a qualified chemotherapy enhancer to potentiate the anticancer effects of low-dose oxaliplatin in MFC cells. This work provides a theoretical foundation for future research on applications of luteolin in clinical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.,School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohai Pan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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27
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Abstract
Around three out of one hundred thousand people are diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, simply called glioblastoma, which is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. With a dismal prognosis of a little over a year, receiving a glioblastoma diagnosis is oftentimes fatal. A major advancement in its treatment was made almost two decades ago when the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was combined with radiotherapy (RT). Little progress has been made since then. Therapies that focus on the modulation of autophagy, a key process that regulates cellular homeostasis, have been developed to curb the progression of glioblastoma. The dual role of autophagy (cell survival or cell death) in glioblastoma has led to the development of autophagy inhibitors and promoters that either work as monotherapies or as part of a combination therapy to induce cell death, cellular senescence, and counteract the ability of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) for initiating tumor recurrence. The myriad of cellular pathways that act upon the modulation of autophagy have created contention between two groups: those who use autophagy inhibition versus those who use promotion of autophagy to control glioblastoma growth. We discuss rationale for using current major therapeutics, their molecular mechanisms for modulation of autophagy in glioblastoma and GSCs, their potentials for making strides in combating glioblastoma progression, and their possible shortcomings. These shortcomings may fuel the innovation of novel delivery systems and therapies involving TMZ in conjunction with another agent to pave the way towards a new gold standard of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Manea
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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28
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Kabra A, Tencomnao T, Prasansuklab A. Plant Polyphenols for Aging Health: Implication from Their Autophagy Modulating Properties in Age-Associated Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100982. [PMID: 34681206 PMCID: PMC8538309 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a family of naturally occurring organic compounds, majorly present in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, characterised by multiple phenol units, including flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin. Some well-known polyphenols include resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, hesperetin, cyanidin, procyanidin, caffeic acid, and genistein. They can modulate different pathways inside the host, thereby inducing various health benefits. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains cellular homeostasis by clearing the damaged cellular components and balancing cellular survival and overall health. Polyphenols could maintain autophagic equilibrium, thereby providing various health benefits in mediating neuroprotection and exhibiting anticancer and antidiabetic properties. They could limit brain damage by dismantling misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby activating autophagy and eliciting neuroprotection. An anticarcinogenic mechanism is stimulated by modulating canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways. Polyphenols could also decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function from inducing antidiabetic activity. Polyphenols are usually included in the diet and may not cause significant side effects that could be effectively used to prevent and treat major diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Atul Kabra
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Sahibzad Ajit Singh Nagar 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
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Mishan MA, Khazeei Tabari MA, Mahrooz A, Bagheri A. Role of microRNAs in the anticancer effects of the flavonoid luteolin: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:413-421. [PMID: 33720053 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a broad class of polyphenolic compounds, can potentially have several therapeutic properties in human diseases, including protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers. Luteolin as a member of flavonoids has been found to exhibit several anticancer properties mainly through cell apoptosis induction, inhibition of invasion, cell proliferation, network formation, and migration. Recent studies have revealed that phytochemicals such as luteolin may exert therapeutic properties through microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), which have been emerged as important molecules in cancer biology in recent years. miRNAs, as a class of noncoding RNAs, have several important roles in cancer progression or regression. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the role of miRNAs in the luteolin effects on different cancers. This review can be in line with the studies, which have shown that miRNAs may be potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amir Mishan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Hassan R, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Dar MO, Shah AJ, Mir PA, Shaikh M, Pottoo FH. Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:551-565. [PMID: 34488596 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases, with an estimation of 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Glioma occurs in glial cells surrounding nerve cells. The majority of the patients with gliomas have a terminal prognosis, and the ailment has significant sway on patients and their families, be it physical, psychological, or economic wellbeing. As Glioma exhibits, both intra and inter tumour heterogeneity with multidrug resistance and current therapies are ineffective. So the development of safer anti gliomas agents is the need of hour. Bioactive heterocyclic compounds, eithernatural or synthetic,are of potential interest since they have been active against different targets with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. In addition, they can cross the biological barriers and thus interfere with various signalling pathways to induce cancer cell death. All these advantages make bioactive natural compounds prospective candidates in the management of glioma. In this review, we assessed various bioactive heterocyclic compounds, such as jaceosidin, hispudlin, luteolin, silibinin, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, didemnin B, thymoquinone, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cucurbitacins for their potential anti-glioma activity. Also, different kinds of chemical reactions to obtain various heterocyclic derivatives, e.g. indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoquinone, quinoline, quinazoline, pyrimidine, and triazine, are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062. India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001. India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam. Saudi Arabia
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31
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Lee HS, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Shin SH, Kim IR. Role of Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:879. [PMID: 34577802 PMCID: PMC8470580 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is caused by abnormal proliferation of glial cells, which are found in the brain. The therapeutic effects of surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemo-therapy against GBM are relatively poor compared with their effects against other tumors. Luteolin is abundant in peanut shells and is also found in herbs and other plants, such as thyme, green pepper, and celery. Luteolin is known to be effective against obesity and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of luteolin have been investigated. Most studies have focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid. However, the association between the induction of apoptosis by luteolin in GBM and autophagy has not yet been investigated. This study thus aimed to confirm the occurrence of luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells and to assess their relationship. Materials and Methods: A172 and U-373MG glioblastoma cell lines were used for this experiment. We confirmed the apoptosis effect of Luteolin on GBM cells using methods such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry (FACS) western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: In the luteolin-treated A172 and U-373MG cells, cell viability decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, in A172 and U-373MG cells treated with luteolin at concentrations greater than 100 μM, nuclear fragmentation, which is a typical morphological change characterizing apoptosis, as well as fragmentation of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which are apoptosis-related factors, were observed. Autophagy was induced after treatment with at least 50 μM luteolin. Inhibition of autophagy using 3MA allowed for a low concentration of luteolin to more effectively induce apoptosis in A172 and U-373MG cells. Conclusions: Results showed that luteolin induces apoptosis and autophagy and that the luteolin-induced autophagy promotes cell survival. Therefore, an appropriate combination therapy involving luteolin and an autophagy inhibitor is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
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32
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Calabrese V. Luteolin and hormesis. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111559. [PMID: 34403687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first integrated assessment of the capacity of luteolin to induce hormetic dose responses. It was shown that luteolin induced hormetic responses in multiple biological systems, including enhancing neuroprotection in various experimental model disease systems, improving wounding healing, especially in experimental models of high-risk population subgroups, such as diabetics, as well as enhancing osteogenesis in models of osteoporosis. The mechanistic basis for the luteolin-induced hormetic dose responses has been demonstrated to commonly involve the upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), which mediates the extensive range of anti-inflammatory effects induced by luteolin in multiple cell types and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Morrill I - N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Sabo AA, Dudau M, Constantin GL, Pop TC, Geilfus CM, Naccarati A, Dragomir MP. Two Worlds Colliding: The Interplay Between Natural Compounds and Non-Coding Transcripts in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652074. [PMID: 34295245 PMCID: PMC8290364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and has recently become the leading cause of death in western countries, representing an immense public health burden. When it comes to cancer treatment, chemotherapy is one of the main pillars, especially for advanced stage tumors. Over the years, natural compounds have emerged as one of the most valuable resources for new chemotherapies. It is estimated that more than half of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from natural compounds. Usually, natural compounds are discovered empirically and an important limitation of introducing new anti-cancer natural products is lack of knowledge with regard to their mechanism of action. Recent data has proven that several natural compounds may function via modulating the expression and function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs are a heterogenous class of RNA molecules which are usually not translated into proteins but have an important role in gene expression regulation and are involved in multiple tumorigenic processes, including response/resistance to pharmacotherapy. In this review, we will discuss how natural compounds function via ncRNAs while summarizing the available data regarding their effects on over 15 types of cancer. Moreover, we will critically analyze the current advances and limitations in understanding the way natural compounds exert these health-promoting effects by acting on ncRNAs. Finally, we will propose several hypotheses that may open new avenues and perspectives regarding the interaction between natural compounds and ncRNAs, which could lead to improved natural compound-based therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru A Sabo
- Pediatrics 2 (General and Special Pediatrics), Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Zentrum für Kinder, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Dudau
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George L Constantin
- Division of Soil Science and Site Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tudor C Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christoph-M Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Zhan JQ, Chen CN, Wu SX, Wu HJ, Zou K, Xiong JW, Wei B, Yang YJ. Flavonoid fisetin reverses impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by regulating the function of AMPARs in a male rat model of schizophrenia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:413-428. [PMID: 33882624 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are the core feature of schizophrenia and effective treatment strategies are still missing. Previous studies have reported that fisetin promotes long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive function in normal rodents and other model animals of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fisetin on synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits caused by a brief disruption of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with dizocilpine (MK-801) during early development in rats. The cognitive performance was examined by the Morris water maze task and a fear conditioning test. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was investigated by field potential recording. The expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and cognition-related proteins was measured by western blotting. We found that intraperitoneal administration of fisetin rescued hippocampus-dependent spatial and contextual fear memory in MK-801 rats. In parallel with these behavioral results, fisetin treatment in MK-801 rats reversed the impairment of hippocampal LTP. At the molecular level, fisetin treatment selectively increased the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) in MK-801-treated rats. Moreover, fisetin restored the phosphorylation levels of calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinaseII (CaMKII), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in MK-801-treated rats. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fisetin treatment can reverse the deficits of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in a male rat model of schizophrenia by restoring the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPAR GluA1 subunit, suggesting fisetin as a promising therapeutic candidate for schizophrenia-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Xian Wu
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Han-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Current Perspective on the Natural Compounds and Drug Delivery Techniques in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112765. [PMID: 34199460 PMCID: PMC8199612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the belligerent neoplasia that metastasize to other brain regions and invade nearby healthy tissues. However, the treatments available are associated with some limitations, such as high variations in solid tumors and deregulation of multiple cellular pathways. The heterogeneity of the GBM tumor and its aggressive infiltration into the nearby tissues makes it difficult to treat. Hence, the development of multimodality therapy that can be more effective, novel, with fewer side effects, improving the prognosis for GBM is highly desired. This review evaluated the use of natural phytoconstituents as an alternative for the development of a new therapeutic strategy. The key aspects of GBM and the potential of drug delivery techniques were also assessed, for tumor site delivery with limited side-effects. These efforts will help to provide better therapeutic options to combat GBM in future. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the debilitating brain tumors, being associated with extremely poor prognosis and short median patient survival. GBM is associated with complex pathogenesis with alterations in various cellular signaling events, that participate in cell proliferation and survival. The impairment in cellular redox pathways leads to tumorigenesis. The current standard pharmacological regimen available for glioblastomas, such as radiotherapy and surgical resection following treatment with chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide, remains fatal, due to drug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, the demand for an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM remains elusive. Hopefully, novel products from natural compounds are suggested as possible solutions. They protect glial cells by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting pro-oncogene events and intensifying the potent anti-tumor therapies. Targeting aberrant cellular pathways in the amelioration of GBM could promote the development of new therapeutic options that improve patient quality of life and extend survival. Consequently, our review emphasizes several natural compounds in GBM treatment. We also assessed the potential of drug delivery techniques such as nanoparticles, Gliadel wafers and drug delivery using cellular carriers which could lead to a novel path for the obliteration of GBM.
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Hussain Y, Luqman S, Meena A. Research Progress in Flavonoids as Potential Anticancer Drug Including Synergy with Other Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1791-1809. [PMID: 32357817 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200502005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chemotherapy for cancer, conventional drugs aim to target the rapidly growing and dividing cells at the early stages. However, at an advanced stage, cancer cells become less susceptible because of the multidrug resistance and the recruitment of alternative salvage pathways for their survival. Besides, owing to target non-selectivity, healthy proliferating cells also become vulnerable to the damage. The combination therapies offered using flavonoids to cure cancer not only exert an additive effect against cancer cells by targetting supplementary cell carnage pathways but also hampers the drug resistance mechanisms. Thus, the review aims to discuss the potential and pharmacokinetic limitations of flavonoids in cancer treatment. Further successful synergistic studies reported using flavonoids to treat cancer has been described along with potential drug delivery systems. METHODS A literature search was done by exploring various online databases like Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the specific keywords like "Anticancer drugs", "flavonoids", "oncology research", and "pharmacokinetics". RESULTS Dietary phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, hinder cell signalling responsible for multidrug resistance and cancer progression, primarily targeting cancer cells sparing normal cells. Such properties establish flavonoids as a potential candidate for synergistic therapy. However, due to low absorption and high metabolism rates, the bioavailability of flavonoids becomes a challenge. Such challenges may be overcome using novel approaches like derivatization, and single or co-delivery nano-complexes of flavonoids with conventional drugs. These new approaches may improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of flavonoids. CONCLUSION This review highlights the application of flavonoids as a potential anticancer phytochemical class in combination with known anti-cancer drugs/nanoparticles. It also discusses flavonoid's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics issues and ways to overcome such issues. Moreover, it covers successful methodologies employed to establish flavonoids as a safe and effective phytochemical class for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hussain
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang S, Wuniqiemu T, Tang W, Teng F, Bian Q, Yi L, Qin J, Zhu X, Wei Y, Dong J. Luteolin inhibits autophagy in allergic asthma by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and inhibiting Beclin-1-PI3KC3 complex. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107460. [PMID: 33621850 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and airway remodeling. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells. There is growing evidence suggesting that dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathological process of asthma. Luteolin is a typical flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immune-enhancing functions. Previous studies have shown that luteolin can attenuate airway inflammation and hypersensitivity in asthma. However, whether luteolin can play a role in treating asthma by regulating autophagy remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of luteolin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, observe its effect on the level of autophagy in lung tissues, and further elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results showed that OVA-induced mice developed airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus over-production and collagen deposition. The number of inflammatory cells, levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and OVA-specific IgE in serum were significantly increased. Furthermore, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed along with the activation of autophagy in lung tissues. Luteolin treatment significantly inhibited the OVA-induced inflammatory responses and the level of autophagy in lung tissues as well. Moreover, luteolin activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited the Beclin-1-PI3KC3 protein complex in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. In conclusion, this study explored the regulatory mechanism of luteolin on autophagy in allergic asthma, providing biologic evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tulake Wuniqiemu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fangzhou Teng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - La Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Li YP, Du XR, Zhang R, Yang Q. Interleukin-18 promotes the antitumor ability of natural killer cells in colorectal cancer via the miR-574-3p/TGF-β1 axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:763-778. [PMID: 33660570 PMCID: PMC8806203 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1880717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 has a clear antitumor effect; however, its mechanisms of action are not understood in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated the potential mechanism of IL-18 in CRC. The results showed that IL-18 treatment alone had no effect on HCT116 cells apoptosis, whereas IL-18 in the presence of natural killer (NK) cells resulted in apoptosis and inhibition of cells proliferation in vitro. Profiling of miRNA expression following coculture with NK cells and treatment with IL-18 resulted in significant downregulation of miR-574-3p expression and upregulated expression of the target gene transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). miR-574-3p binds to TGF-β1, and miR-574-3p overexpression increased the proliferation and decreased the apoptotic rate of HCT116 cells in NK cells coculture with IL-18 treatment; overexpression of TGF-β1 restored the effect of miR-574-3p overexpression. The miRNA profile of HCT116 undergoes significant alteration before and after coculturing with NK cells and treatment with IL-18. IL-18 alone did not affect HCT116 cells apoptosis but did promote the antitumor ability of NK cells in coculture with HCT116 cells via the miR-574-3p/TGF-β1 axis. Our study suggested that IL-18 can be a new potential target for cancer immunotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Longhua Branch (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Rong Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Longhua Branch (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Longhua Branch (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
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Chelliah SS, Paul EAL, Kamarudin MNA, Parhar I. Challenges and Perspectives of Standard Therapy and Drug Development in High-Grade Gliomas. Molecules 2021; 26:1169. [PMID: 33671796 PMCID: PMC7927069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their low incidence rate globally, high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain a fatal primary brain tumor. The recommended therapy often is incapable of resecting the tumor entirely and exclusively targeting the tumor leads to tumor recurrence and dismal prognosis. Additionally, many HGG patients are not well suited for standard therapy and instead, subjected to a palliative approach. HGG tumors are highly infiltrative and the complex tumor microenvironment as well as high tumor heterogeneity often poses the main challenges towards the standard treatment. Therefore, a one-fit-approach may not be suitable for HGG management. Thus, a multimodal approach of standard therapy with immunotherapy, nanomedicine, repurposing of older drugs, use of phytochemicals, and precision medicine may be more advantageous than a single treatment model. This multimodal approach considers the environmental and genetic factors which could affect the patient's response to therapy, thus improving their outcome. This review discusses the current views and advances in potential HGG therapeutic approaches and, aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap that will assist in overcoming challenges in HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sundramurthi Chelliah
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ervin Ashley Lourdes Paul
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
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Ganai SA, Sheikh FA, Baba ZA, Mir MA, Mantoo MA, Yatoo MA. Anticancer activity of the plant flavonoid luteolin against preclinical models of various cancers and insights on different signalling mechanisms modulated. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3509-3532. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mohd Ayoob Mantoo
- Division of Entomology FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Yatoo
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
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Gajda E, Grzanka M, Godlewska M, Gawel D. The Role of miRNA-7 in the Biology of Cancer and Modulation of Drug Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:149. [PMID: 33673265 PMCID: PMC7918072 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules capable of regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Imbalances in the miRNA network have been associated with the development of many pathological conditions and diseases, including cancer. Recently, miRNAs have also been linked to the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR). MiR-7 is one of the extensively studied miRNAs and its role in cancer progression and MDR modulation has been highlighted. MiR-7 is engaged in multiple cellular pathways and acts as a tumor suppressor in the majority of human neoplasia. Its depletion limits the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies, while its restoration sensitizes cells to the administered drugs. Therefore, miR-7 might be considered as a potential adjuvant agent, which can increase the efficiency of standard chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Damian Gawel
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Afshari AR, Mollazadeh H, Mohtashami E, Soltani A, Soukhtanloo M, Hosseini A, Jalili-Nik M, Vahedi MM, Roshan MK, Sahebkar A. Protective Role of Natural Products in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Focus on Nitric Oxide Pathway. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:377-400. [PMID: 32000638 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200130104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of therapeutic modalities such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains an incurable fatal disease. This necessitates further therapeutic options that could enhance the efficacy of existing modalities. Nitric Oxide (NO), a short-lived small molecule, has been revealed to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of GBM. Several studies have demonstrated that NO is involved in apoptosis, metastasis, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and many other processes implicated in GBM pathobiology. Herein, we elaborate on the role of NO as a therapeutic target in GBM and discuss some natural products affecting the NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Dükel M, Tavsan Z, Kayali HA. Flavonoids regulate cell death-related cellular signaling via ROS in human colon cancer cells. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Autophagy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020135. [PMID: 33494431 PMCID: PMC7911475 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, which is a conserved biological process and essential mechanism in maintaining homeostasis and metabolic balance, enables cells to degrade cytoplasmic constituents through lysosomes, recycle nutrients, and survive during starvation. Autophagy exerts an anticarcinogenic role in normal cells and inhibits the malignant transformation of cells. On the other hand, aberrations in autophagy are involved in gene derangements, cell metabolism, the process of tumor immune surveillance, invasion and metastasis, and tumor drug-resistance. Therefore, autophagy-targeted drugs may function as anti-tumor agents. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have anticarcinogenic properties, including those relating to cellular proliferation inhibition, the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, the impairment of cell migration, invasion, tumor angiogenesis, and the reduction of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Flavonoids, which are a group of natural polyphenolic compounds characterized by multiple targets that participate in multiple pathways, have been widely studied in different models for autophagy modulation. However, flavonoid-induced autophagy commonly interacts with other mechanisms, comprehensively influencing the anticancer effect. Accordingly, targeted autophagy may become the core mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of tumors. This paper reviews the flavonoid-induced autophagy of tumor cells and their interaction with other mechanisms, so as to provide a comprehensive and in-depth account on how flavonoids exert tumor-suppressive effects through autophagy.
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Alvarez-Arellano L, Salazar-García M, Corona JC. Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Pediatric Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5597. [PMID: 33260783 PMCID: PMC7731313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial event underlying several pediatric neurological diseases, such as the central nervous system (CNS) tumors, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroprotective therapy with natural compounds used as antioxidants has the potential to delay, ameliorate or prevent several pediatric neurological diseases. The present review provides an overview of the most recent research outcomes following quercetin treatment for CNS tumors, ASD and ADHD as well as describes the potential in vitro and in vivo ameliorative effect on oxidative stress of bioactive natural compounds, which seems like a promising future therapy for these diseases. The neuroprotective effects of quercetin against oxidative stress can also be applied in the management of several neurodegenerative disorders with effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-obesity and anti-microbial. Therefore, quercetin appears to be a suitable adjuvant for therapy against pediatric neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos Corona
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Autophagy regulation using luteolin: new insight into its anti-tumor activity. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:537. [PMID: 33292250 PMCID: PMC7641824 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of novel methods in cancer therapy is important in terms of management and treatment of the life-threatening disorder. It appears that autophagy is a potential target in cancer therapy, as a variety of drugs targeting autophagy have shown great potential in reducing the viability and proliferation of cancer cells. Autophagy is primarily a catabolic process which provides energy during starvation. Besides, this process contributes to the degradation of aged or potentially toxic components and organelles. On the other hand, the source of a variety of naturally occurring anti-tumor drugs are flavonoids which have high anti-tumor activity. Luteolin is a polyphenolic flavone with the great pharmacological effects such as anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor. At the present review, we demonstrate how luteolin affects on autophagy process to induce anti-tumor activity.
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Tuli HS, Mittal S, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Upadhyay SK, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M, Varol M, Iqubal A, Sharma AK. Path of Silibinin from diet to medicine: A dietary polyphenolic flavonoid having potential anti-cancer therapeutic significance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:196-218. [PMID: 33130037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, targeting cancer by the use of dietary phytochemicals has gained enormous attention. The plausible reason and believe or mind set behind this fact is attributed to either lesser or no side effects of natural compounds as compared to the modern chemotherapeutics, or due to their conventional use as dietary components by mankind for thousands of years. Silibinin is a naturally derived polyphenol (a flavonolignans), possess following biochemical features; molecular formula C25H22O10, Molar mass: 482.44 g/mol, Boiling point 793 °C, with strikingly high antioxidant and anti-tumorigenic properties. The anti-cancer properties of Silibinin are determined by a variety of cellular pathways which include induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, Silibinin controls modulation of the expression of aberrant miRNAs, inflammatory response, and synergism with existing anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, modulation of a vast array of cellular responses and homeostatic aspects makes Silibinin an attractive chemotherapeutic agent. However, like other polyphenols, the major hurdle to declare Silibinin a translational chemotherapeutic agent, is its lesser bioavailability. After summarizing the chemistry and metabolic aspects of Silibinin, this extensive review focuses on functional aspects governed by Silibinin in chemoprevention with an ultimate goal of summarizing the evidence supporting the chemopreventive potential of Silibinin and clinical trials that are currently ongoing, at a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | | | - Sushil Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai, 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | - Raj Savla
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai, 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, TR48000, Turkey
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
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Participation of MicroRNAs in the Treatment of Cancer with Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204701. [PMID: 33066509 PMCID: PMC7587345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health concern and one of the main causes of disease-related death. Even with considerable progress in investigations on cancer therapy, effective anti-cancer agents and regimens have thus far been insufficient. There has been compelling evidence that natural phytochemicals and their derivatives have potent anti-cancer activities. Plant-based anti-cancer agents, such as etoposide, irinotecan, paclitaxel, and vincristine, are currently being applied in medical treatments for patients with cancer. Further, the efficacy of plenty of phytochemicals has been evaluated to discover a promising candidate for cancer therapy. For developing more effective cancer therapy, it is required to apprehend the molecular mechanism deployed by natural compounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been realized to play a pivotal role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, affecting the efficacy of therapeutic agents in cancer. This review presents a feature of phytochemicals with anti-cancer activity, focusing mainly on the relationship between phytochemicals and miRNAs, with insights into the role of miRNAs as the mediators and the regulators of anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals.
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Farooqi AA, Butt G, El-Zahaby SA, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Jovic JJ, Tang KF, Naureen H, Xu B. Luteolin mediated targeting of protein network and microRNAs in different cancers: Focus on JAK-STAT, NOTCH, mTOR and TRAIL-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Farooqi AA, Butt G, El-Zahaby SA, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Jovic JJ, Tang KF, Naureen H, Xu B. Luteolin mediated targeting of protein network and microRNAs in different cancers: Focus on JAK-STAT, NOTCH, mTOR and TRAIL-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105188. [PMID: 32919041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has always been a keen interest of basic and clinical researchers to search for cancer therapeutics having minimum off-target effects and maximum anticancer activities. In accordance with this approach, there has been an explosion in the field of natural products research in the past few decades because of extra-ordinary list of natural extracts and their biologically and pharmacologically active constituents having significant medicinal properties. Apparently, luteolin-mediated anticancer effects have been investigated in different cancers but there is superfluousness of superficial data. Generalized scientific evidence encompassing apoptosis, DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effects has been reported extensively. However, how luteolin modulates deregulated oncogenic pathways in different cancers has not been comprehensively uncovered. In this review we have attempted to focus on cutting-edge research which has unveiled remarkable abilities of luteolin to modulate deregulated oncogenic pathways in different cancers. We have partitioned the review into various sections to separately discuss advancements in therapeutic targeting of oncogenic protein networks. We have provided detailed mechanistic insights related to JAK-STAT signaling and summarized how luteolin inhibited STAT proteins to inhibit STAT-driven gene network. We have also individually analyzed Wnt/β-catenin and NOTCH pathway and how luteolin effectively targeted these pathways. Mapping of the signaling landscape has revealed that NOTCH pathway can be targeted therapeutically. NOTCH pathway was noted to be targeted by luteolin. We have also conceptually analyzed how luteolin restored TRAIL-induced apoptosis in resistant cancers. Luteolin induced an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins and efficiently inhibited anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis. Luteolin mediated regulation of non-coding RNAs is an exciting and emerging facet. Excitingly, there is sequential and systematic accumulation of clues which have started to shed light on intricate regulation of microRNAs by luteolin in different cancers. Collectively, sophisticated information will enable us to develop a refined understanding of the multi-layered regulation of signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs by luteolin in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, 050004, Kazakhstan
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, SvetozaraMarkovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.
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