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Underwood CR, Casella A, Hendrickson ZM. Gender norms, contraceptive use, and intimate partner violence: A six-country analysis. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 35:100815. [PMID: 36738730 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While considerable research has explored associations between gender norms and various sexual and reproductive health behaviors (SRH) with the aim of informing programs, no studies have examined whether couple concordance on specific gender norms is associated with both contraceptive use and reduced intimate partner violence (IPV) experience. METHODS This study relies on analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) couples' datasets from Mali, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Zambia that were collected in/after 2015 and include the DHS Domestic Violence Module for female respondents. To examine the associations between couple concordance regarding household decision-making or justification of violence (wife beating) and women's use of modern contraceptives or experience of violence, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit using Stata15. RESULTS Joint decision-making about large household purchases was significantly positively associated with modern contraceptive use in all study countries as well as with reduced odds of IPV experience in adjusted models in Tanzania and Zambia. In Nigeria, women's justification for violence was negatively associated with contraceptive use. Across settings, women in couples where both justified violence had significantly increased odds of reporting IPV experience. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that family planning programs should support joint decision-making as it was positively associated with contraceptive use across the six countries and is a proxy for shared economic power within the household. IPV reduction and prevention programs should also consider encouraging joint decision-making given the correlations found in two settings. Programs should enable participants to interrogate attitudes regarding justifying violence against female partners and propose approaches to avoid IPV. Finally, husbands' alcohol consumption, a strong predictor of IPV experience, has too long been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Underwood
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, USA.
| | | | - Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, USA
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Zakiei A, Norouzi E, Ghasemi SR, Komasi S, Rostampour M, Khazaie H. Controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS: the role of social support, family functioning, self-efficacy and AIDS risk perception. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:132. [PMID: 35606851 PMCID: PMC9125838 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We believe that major steps can be taken towards Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention through identifying the relevant factors that are apt to predict risky behavior. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze and evaluate the relationship of social support, family functioning, self-efficacy and AIDS risk perception to controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS.
Methods To conduct this cross-sectional study, 765 subjects (59% female) were selected from the youth inhabiting the western provinces of Iran through cluster sampling. Five questionnaires were used: AIDS risk perception, self-efficacy in controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS, controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the family assessment device. Results The results demonstrated that all two models enjoyed acceptable fitness, and the mediating roles of self-efficacy and AIDS risk perception were confirmed. Moreover, family functioning and perceived social support together could predict 20% of the variance of controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS. The results also indicated that family functioning with a standardized coefficient of − 0.24 and self-efficacy in controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS with a standardized coefficient of 0.58 could predict the controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS (p < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest that self-efficacy and AIDS risk perception play major roles in controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS. Therefore, it is recommended that families and psychologists promote self-efficacy in order to prevent the occurrence of high-risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zakiei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Norouzi
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Ramin Ghasemi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rostampour
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Talebi-Tamijani Z, Lotfi R, Kabir K. Tele-counseling based on motivational interviewing to change sexual behavior of women living with HIV: a randomized controlled clinical trial. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:3506-3515. [PMID: 35467228 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission accounts for the majority of new HIV infections in Iran. More than 80% of HIV-positive persons are sexually active, and nearly 68% reported never using a condom. The present RCT study was conducted on a group of HIV-positive women using internet-based motivational interviewing. The participants, including 100 HIV-positive women, were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received five weekly internet-based group motivational interviewing sessions focused on reducing risky behaviors, and the control group received routine care. Follow-ups occurred one month and three months after the end of the intervention. The participants completed demographic information, sexual behaviors, HIV knowledge, condom negotiation skills, and HIV-specific perceived social support scales before, one month, and three months after the intervention. Motivational interviewing was effective in improving knowledge about HIV/AIDS, condom negotiation skills, and HIV-specific perceived social support in the intervention group compared to controls. The intervention significantly increased using condoms in vaginal or anal intercourse in the last three months. Still, it was not effective at consistent condom use in all vaginal and anal sex. Further investigation or a larger RCT needs to confirm the using tele-counseling for women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Lotfi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Sajadipour M, Rezaei S, Irandoost SF, Ghaumzadeh M, Salmani Nadushan M, Gholami M, Salimi Y, Jorjoran Shushtari Z. What explains gender inequality in HIV infection among high-risk people? A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:2. [PMID: 34983632 PMCID: PMC8725256 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite clear evidence on role of gender in vulnerability and exposure to HIV infection, information on gender-related inequalities in HIV and related factors are rarely documented. The aim of this study was to measure gender inequality in HIV infection and its determinates in Tehran city, the capital of Iran. Methods The study used the data of 20,156 medical records of high-risk people who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Voluntary Counseling and Testing site in Tehran from 2004 to 2018. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify the contribution of explanatory variables to the gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between female and male. Results The age-adjusted proportion of HIV infection was 9.45% (95%Cl: 9.02, 9.87). The absolute gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between male and female was 4.50% (95% CI: − 5.33, − 3.70%). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicated that most explanatory factors affecting the differences in HIV infection were job exposure, drug abuse, history of imprisonment, injection drug, heterosexual unsafe sex, and having an HIV-positive spouse. Conclusion The results can provide evidence for health policymakers to better planning and conducting gender-based preventive and screening programs. Policies aiming at promoting HIV preventive behaviors among male may reduce the gap in HIV infection between female and male in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sajadipour
- Department of Health, South Tehran health center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Fahim Irandoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaumzadeh
- Department of Health, South Tehran health center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Gholami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Life loaded with threat and vulnerability: a qualitative inquiry into the experiences of HIV negative married women in serodiscordant heterosexual relationships. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:402. [PMID: 34876115 PMCID: PMC8650320 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violence against women is a major, complex, multidimensional and widespread public health concern worldwide. The current qualitative study was conducted to understand the experience of violence among HIV negative married women in heterosexual serodiscordant relationships.
Methods
A qualitative description (QD) was conducted from October 2018 to January 2020 in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were 15 HIV negative women, who married and lived with HIV positive men, through purposive sampling method. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analyzed using conventional content analysis adopted by Graneheim and Lundman.
Results
The main overarching theme emerged entitled: life loaded with threat and vulnerability. This theme consisted of four categories of self-directed violence, intimate partner violence, cultural violence and structural violence. The violence began soon after awareness of husband's infection with acts such as suicide attempts and a sense of abhorrence for living with an infected person, and continued with confrontation with various types of violence in the family and society, which put women in constant threat and vulnerability.
Conclusions
This study provided an insight into different aspects of violence in Iranian women in HIV serodiscordant relationships. Considering the role of men in the occurrence of violence, policymakers must create and execute family-centered interventions to address attitudes and behaviors that lead to marital conflicts and spousal abuse in order to prevent violence. Health care professionals should also be trained to screen women for violence and refer those who require care to specialists to reduce vulnerability.
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de Brito ES, Knauth DR, Brand ÉM, Calvo KDS, Vigo Á, Pilecco FB, Machado FV, de Teixeira MA, de Almeida FM, Hentges B, Silva DL, Teixeira LB. Factors Associated with HIV and Vulnerability Contexts for Women in Brazil. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3247-3256. [PMID: 33864176 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV and vulnerability contexts for women in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants were 1326 women recruited by complex sampling design, divided into two groups: 640 women with HIV (WLH) and 686 women who did not have HIV (WNLH). Gross and weighted statistical analyses were performed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for 12 variables. The main results demonstrated that WLH had lower income (p < .001) and poorer education (p = .038), and few used condoms during their first sexual intercourse (p < .001). The occurrence of HIV was higher among the black population (p < .001). Sex in exchange for money (p < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (p < .001) were more frequent among WLH than among WNLH. The age of sexual debut and age difference from the partner at first sexual intercourse (FSI) were not associated with the outcome. The high percentage of non-use of condoms during the FSI shows how vulnerable individuals are right at the beginning of their sexual lives. More effective prevention strategies can be developed by nurses in view of the contexts of vulnerability surrounding women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Silveira de Brito
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Riva Knauth
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Évelin Maria Brand
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen da Silva Calvo
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Vigo
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávia Bulegon Pilecco
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico Viana Machado
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marsam Alves de Teixeira
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Franciele Moletta de Almeida
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hentges
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lodi Silva
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barcellos Teixeira
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Endut N, Bagheri R, Azmawati AA, Hashim IHM, Selamat NH, Mohajer L. The influence of men's masculine gender-role attitude and behaviour on sexual relationships and reproductive health in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:663-670. [PMID: 34458675 PMCID: PMC8387709 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i7.9477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This article is an extension of a previous research on masculinity and sexual and reproductive health using a newly developed local masculinity scale, KANITA Masculinity Scale, to study men's masculine gender-role attitude and behavior in Malaysia. Objective To explore how Malaysian men's masculine gender-role attitude and behavior influence sexual relationships and reproductive health. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study used the localized gender-equitable men scale to measure the attitude of Malaysian men toward sexual relationships and reproductive health. A questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 168 men of ages 20-64 yr, in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS version 3.2.6. Results The findings of the study showed that men's traditional behavior and controlling nature are positively associated with the inequality in sexual relationships (p < 0.05, t = 1.838; and p < 0.05, t = 3.750, respectively) and reproductive health (p < 0.05, t = 2.196; and p < 0.05, t = 4.133, respectively). In other words, men who offer stronger endorsement of traditional behavior and control over women report more negative condom attitude and greater priority of men's desire in sexual relationships. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between men's response to family and feminine roles in men with sexual relationships and reproductive health. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of considering traditional masculinity ideology when considering the role of men in sexual relationships and reproductive health. Our findings suggest gender transformative policies and programs seeking to inspire men for more gender-equitable relationships with their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraida Endut
- Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Reyhaneh Bagheri
- Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nor Hafizah Selamat
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Leila Mohajer
- Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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SoleimanvandiAzar N, Irandoost SF, Ahmadi S, Xosravi T, Ranjbar H, Mansourian M, Yoosefi Lebni J. Explaining the reasons for not maintaining the health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:848. [PMID: 33941149 PMCID: PMC8090924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the workers in many occupations are at the greatest risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 due to assembling and contacting people, the owners of these occupations do not follow COVID-19 health instructions. The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for not maintaining health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs in Iran. METHODS The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach among people with high-risk jobs in Tehran during March and April of 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 31 people with high-risk occupations selected by purposeful sampling and snowballing. The data were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method and MAXQDA-18 software. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were also used to evaluate the quality of the research results. RESULTS 4 main categories and 13 sub-categories were obtained, including individual factors (personality traits, lack of self-efficacy, little knowledge of the disease and how to observe health norms related to it, misconceptions about health), structural factors (difficulty of access to health supplies, lack of supportive environment, weak laws and supervision, the poor performance of officials and national media), economic factors (economic costs of living, lack of government economic support), Socio-cultural factors (learning, cultural beliefs, social customs, and rituals). CONCLUSION COVID-19 prevention requires intervention at different levels. At the individual level: increasing people's awareness and understanding about how to prevent COVID-19 and strengthening self-efficacy in observing health norms, at the social level: highlighting positive patterns of observing health issues and training people about the consequences of social interactions during the outbreak of the virus, and at the macro level: strengthening regulatory rules and increasing people's access to hygienic products and support for the vulnerable must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda SoleimanvandiAzar
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fahim Irandoost
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Ahmadi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, Social Welfare Management Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tareq Xosravi
- Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Ranjbar
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yoosefi Lebni
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Amini E, McCormack M. Older Iranian Muslim women's experiences of sex and sexuality: A biographical approach. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2021; 72:300-314. [PMID: 33341961 PMCID: PMC8246973 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Muslim women in Iran live in a patriarchal society which significantly restricts their freedom and agency. While there is a growing understanding of social change as it relates to younger Muslim women in Iran, the perspectives and experiences of older women are marginalized; mirroring problems with the intersections of age, gender, and sexuality in the West. In order to address this occlusion, this article draws on life history interviews with 30 older Muslim women living in Tehran and Karaj. Adopting a biographical life course approach, and examining pivotal moments related to sexuality in their lives, we discuss how cultural meanings and symbols of sexuality have emerged and been negotiated by these women at the life stages of puberty, first sex at marriage, and menopause. The patriarchal and religious gender order of Iran transgresses these women's human rights so that sexuality is experienced as a source of shame, stigma, and pollution, yet the women also exert forms of agency in their lives as they adopt and challenge these norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amini
- Department of SociologyUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
| | - Mark McCormack
- Department of Social SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
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Valizadeh F, Mohammadbeigi A, Chaman R, Kashefi F, Nazari AM, Motaghi Z. Sexual and Reproductive Health Challenges in Temporary Marriage: A Systematic Review. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00504. [PMID: 34024762 PMCID: PMC8957693 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Temporary marriage is a legal form of marriage in Shia Islam allowing a man and a woman to become married in a fixed period of time. This review was conducted to identify the potential effects of temporary marriage on the sexual and reproductive health of women.
Study design: A systematic review
Methods: Electronic databases, including Web of Knowledge, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, ProQuest, IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran, were searched up to October 2020 to identify the studies carried out on sexual and reproductive health challenges in temporary marriage. All the selected articles were assessed for eligibility according to their titles and abstracts.
Results: During the search on articles published within 1995 to October 2020, 1,802 relevant records were identified, and after evaluation 30 full-text papers were included in the present systematic review. Out of the 34,085 study participants in the selected studies, 3,547 subjects had temporary marriage who were studied under six different categories, namely (1) sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/human immunodeficiency viruses, (2) early child marriage, (3) unplanned pregnancy and induced abortion, (4) violence, (5) psychosocial disorders, and (6) other issues. Individuals with temporary marriage are vulnerable and need to have easy access to health education and sexual and reproductive health services in a safe and unprejudiced environment. Ignoring the aforementioned facts will cause serious public health problems, especially for women from a lower socioeconomic background.
Conclusions: In the current situation with under-reporting of temporary marriage-related events due to social stigma and absence of quality services in sexual and reproductive health, women with temporary marriage are under the additional risk of STIs, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reza Chaman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kashefi
- Department of Family Health, Deputy of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Nazari
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Motaghi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Endut N, Bagheri R, Azmawati AA, Hashim I, Selamat NH, Mohajer L. Factors Influencing Malaysian Men's Perceptions of Gender Equity in Family Planning. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2020; 15:43-53. [PMID: 33329862 PMCID: PMC7735887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various factors influence men's perceptions regarding gender equity in family planning (FP). Identifying these factors can contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles that men play in family planning and ultimately leads to women's reproductive health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to investigate factors influencing Malaysian men's perceptions of gender equity in family planning. To achieve this, the effects of sociodemographic characteristics (age, education, and marital status), masculine traits, and attitudes towards domestic violence are investigated. METHODOLOGY This is a cross-sectional study undertaken by administrating questionnaires to a sample of 168 men in Malaysia. The data are analyzed by applying partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and by using WarpPLS 6.0. RESULTS The results confirmed the significant effects of masculine traits and attitudes supporting domestic violence on perceived gender equity in family planning. In other words, the results showed that men's masculine traits and attitudes supporting domestic violence negatively influenced gender equity in family planning. The hypothesized effects of sociodemographic characteristics on perceived gender equity in family planning could not be verified. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests some practical implications for local authorities to implement interventions that take a gender transformative approach to reduce men's masculine traits and improve their attitudes towards domestic violence to enhance gender equity in family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Endut
- Professor and Director Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - R Bagheri
- PhD, Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia,
| | - A A Azmawati
- Associate Professor, School of Communication, Universiti, Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Ihm Hashim
- Professor, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - N H Selamat
- Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences, Universiti, Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - L Mohajer
- Senior lecturer, Centre for Research on Women and Gender (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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Amini E, McCormack M. Medicalization, menopausal time and narratives of loss: Iranian Muslim women negotiating gender, sexuality and menopause in Tehran and Karaj. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Patrão AL, McIntyre T. Socio-demographic, marital and psychosocial predictors of safe sex behaviour among Mozambican women at risk for HIV/AIDS. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2018; 17:323-331. [PMID: 30466355 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2018.1536672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterosexual encounters remain the primary route for HIV transmission in Africa. Safer sex behaviour is not adopted by many women due to several social and psychological factors. This paper aims to identify socio-demographic, marital and psychosocial predictors associated with current sexual activity and condom use in Mozambican women at sexual risk for HIV/AIDS. Women (173), patients at a public hospital and at risk for HIV infection, completed measures of condom use negotiation self-efficacy, perceived barriers against safer sex, current sexual activity and condom use. Having more than 6 years of education and being younger and single were significant predictors for current sexual activity and condom use. Regarding psychosocial factors, talking about AIDS with partners, condom use negotiation self-efficacy and fewer perceived barriers to safer sex were significant predictors for current sexual activity (intention to use and buy/get condoms). Condom use negotiation self-efficacy is a significant predictor for condom use. These results should be considered in new HIV prevention intervention design in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Patrão
- a Institute of Collective Health , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Teresa McIntyre
- b School of Social Work , University of Texas at Arlington , USA
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Naserirad M, Hadiji K, Tavakol M. Societal attitudes toward sexual and reproductive rights of HIV-positive women in Iran: A nation-wide web-based survey. Health Care Women Int 2018; 39:1259-1274. [PMID: 30388937 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1501052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the researchers was to assess the community attitudes toward sexual and reproductive rights of women living with HIV (WLWH) in Iran. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A national web-based survey was used. A substantial portion of the respondents with a mean percentage of 68.5 ± 13.66 hold negative attitudes toward sexual and reproductive rights of WLWH. Being a female, having a 25-34 age and being a graduate and above were independent predictors of positive attitudes toward sexual and reproductive rights of WLWH. WLWH are faced with discriminatory attitudes in respect of their rights of childbearing and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Naserirad
- a Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.,b Centre de Recherche, Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé Mentale, Société, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales , Paris , France
| | - Karine Hadiji
- b Centre de Recherche, Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé Mentale, Société, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales , Paris , France
| | - Mohamad Tavakol
- a Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
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15
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Karamouzian M, Sadeghirad B, Sharifi H, Sedaghat A, Haghdoost AA, Mirzazadeh A. Consistent Condom Use with Paying and Nonpaying Partners among Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings of a National Biobehavioral Survey. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16:572-578. [PMID: 28974161 DOI: 10.1177/2325957417732834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the dynamics of condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) in Iran. We investigated the correlates of consistent condom use (CCU) among FSWs, using data from a national biobehavioral surveillance survey in 2010. METHODS A total of 872 FSWs were recruited using a facility-based sampling strategy from 21 sites in 13 cities in Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 33.6% and 17.3% of FSWs reported CCU with paying and nonpaying sex partners, respectively. Consistent condom use with paying partners was significantly associated with temporary marriage, accessing family planning services and history of working in brothels. Conversely, temporary marriage or married status, condom rupture/slippage, and HIV seropositivity remained independently significantly associated with CCU with nonpaying sex partners. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the urgent need for scaling up condom promotion interventions catered toward FSWs and their sex partners to practice safe sex consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karamouzian
- 1 HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,2 School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- 3 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,4 Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- 1 HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Sedaghat
- 5 Center for Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- 6 Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mirzazadeh
- 1 HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Lekalakala-Mokgele E. Exploring gender perceptions of risk of HIV infection and related behaviour among elderly men and women of Ga-Rankuwa, Gauteng Province, South Africa. SAHARA J 2016; 13:88-95. [PMID: 27687151 PMCID: PMC5642434 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2016.1218790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature shows that there are important differences between women and men in the underlying mechanisms of transmission of HIV infection and AIDS, as well as in the social and economic consequences of HIV/AIDS. These stem from sexual behaviour and socially constructed 'gender' differences between women and men in roles and responsibilities. Despite the fact that numerous gender-related sociocultural factors influence HIV/AIDS protective behaviours, little gender specificity is included in HIV prevention among the elderly. In order to close this gap, this study explored gender-related perceptions of risk of HIV infection among elderly men and women of Ga-Rankuwa in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This qualitative study used purposive sampling to conduct three focus group interviews with 22 women and 10 men who were above 60 years of age. Findings revealed that both genders blame each other for the spreading of HIV/AIDS. Male participants displayed the tendency to have multiple partners, whereas females accepted that males are promiscuous. Mixed perceptions about disclosure of HIV status were found. Condom use was a challenge, as men did not know how to introduce it with their wives, and some female participants indicated that men are resistant to using condoms. The elderly men also believed that women will have sex in exchange for money. It is concluded that there is a need for substantial behaviour change among both elderly males and females, which should address gender power relations. More in-depth and extensive research in this area is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eucebious Lekalakala-Mokgele
- PhD, is Director of the School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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17
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Sadat Z, Ghofranipour F, Goshtasebi A, Azin SA. Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Among Premarital Couples: A Need for Future Educational Programs. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal34469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Jesmin SS, Cready CM. Community Influences on Married Women's Safer Sex Negotiation Attitudes in Bangladesh: A Multilevel Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:383-393. [PMID: 26162431 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of disadvantaged or deprived community on individuals' health risk-behaviors is increasingly being documented in a growing body of literature. However, little is known about the effects of community characteristics on women's sexual attitudes and behaviors. To examine community effects on married women's safer sex negotiation attitudes, we analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys on a sample of 15,134 married women in 600 communities. We estimated two multilevel logistic regression models. Model 1, which included only individual-level variables, showed that women's autonomy/empowerment, age, and HIV knowledge had significant associations with their safer sex negotiation attitudes. We did not find any socioeconomic status gradient in safer sex negotiation attitudes at the individual level. Adding community-level variables in Model 2 significantly improved the fit of the model. Strikingly, we found that higher community-level poverty was associated with greater positive safer sex negotiation attitudes. Prevailing gender norms and overall women's empowerment in the community also had significant effects. While research on community influences calls for focusing on disadvantaged communities, our research highlights the importance of not underestimating the challenges that married women in economically privileged communities may face in negotiating safer sex. To have sufficient and equitable impact on married women's sexual and reproductive health, sexual and reproductive health promotion policies and programs need to be directed to women in wealthier communities as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S Jesmin
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, 7400 University Hills Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75241, USA.
| | - Cynthia M Cready
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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19
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Lotfi R, Ramezani Tehrani F, Salehifar D, Dworkin SL. Predictors of Condom Use Among Iranian Women at Risk of HIV. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:429-437. [PMID: 26450127 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS is increasing in Iran and is the main route of infection among women. In order to foster the development of future HIV prevention interventions for women, researchers need to understand the factors that influence sexual risk reduction behaviors in this group. The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of condom use among women at risk of HIV and develop a model of condom use in a sample of women at risk of HIV. We cross-sectionally examined predictors of condom use among 200 women at risk of HIV. Women were recruited from drop-in centers and voluntary counseling and testing centers in Tehran. Condom use among women at risk of HIV was examined using path analysis, and fit indices showed a good fit for the model. Condom use self-efficacy, social support, and less stereotypic gender roles influenced sexually protective behaviors of women at risk of HIV. Our results can provide a basis for future gender-specific intervention programs among women at risk of HIV. Researchers, practitioners, and organizations that play a central role in protecting the health of this population can make use of these results for the benefit of sexual and reproductive health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Lotfi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delara Salehifar
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shari L Dworkin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA
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