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Zakreski E, Androvičová R, Bártová K, Chronos A, Krejčová L, Martinec Nováková L, Klapilová K. Childhood Adversity and Offense-Supportive Cognitions Among Czech Adults with a Sexual Interest in Violence or Children. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2159-2172. [PMID: 38514492 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with paraphilic interests in sexual violence or children may be more likely to sexually offend if they possess offense-supportive cognitions. These cognitions may develop in response to childhood adversity. However, this idea is largely based on research in men convicted of sexual offenses and may not generalize to non-incarcerated adults with paraphilic interests. In a sample of 178 adults screened for paraphilic interests in violence or children (from the general Czech population), we hypothesized that childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect would be associated with offense-supportive cognitions about rape and child molestation. Participants came from a nationally representative sample of Czech adults and were selected if they self-reported high levels of sexual interest in violence and/or children. Participants completed an online survey with self-report measures of sexual orientation, offense-supportive cognitions (Bumby RAPE and MOLEST scales), and childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). Controlling for gender, age, and sexual orientation, we found that both rape-supportive cognitions and child molestation-supportive cognitions were significantly associated with higher levels of childhood sexual abuse, but not emotional neglect. These findings indicate that childhood sexual abuse may lead to offense-supportive cognitions among men and women with paraphilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Zakreski
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Renáta Androvičová
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Bártová
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agatha Chronos
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lucie Krejčová
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Martinec Nováková
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klapilová
- Centrum Pro Sexuální Zdraví a Intervence, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Schaefer A, Wittenberg A, Galynker I, Cohen LJ. Qualitative Analysis of Minor Attracted Persons' Subjective Experience: Implications for Treatment. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 49:391-411. [PMID: 36147026 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for Minor Attracted Persons is inadequate and difficult to access. This qualitative study examined community-based MAPs' responses to narrative questions about their experiences and what they want society to understand, using an iterative thematic analysis. Notable responses from the participants included: 1) sexual attraction does not equal action; 2) minor attraction is immutable; 3) stigma leads to psychological burden; 4) therapy should aim to reduce distress, not change sexual feelings; and 5) sexual behavior can be controlled and remain within legal parameters. Further understanding of MAPs' experiences is key for developing more efficacious treatment modalities to help them live meaningful lives without endangering children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Wittenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa J Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Lievesley R, Harper CA, Swaby H, Woodward E. Identifying and working with appropriate treatment targets with people who are sexually attracted to children. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36522827 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2149437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that people within society experience sexual attractions to children, and a substantial number of these seek support related to this. However, professional practices around working with minor-attracted persons (MAPs) are variable. Clinicians possess low levels of knowledge about this population and are unclear about the correct treatment goals. In this work we explored the prioritization of different treatment goals by MAPs (n = 150), before investigating the demographic, sexuality-related, and psychological predictors of treatment target prioritization. Self-compassion drove many treatment targets among MAPs. We offer recommendations about how professionals might work collaboratively and effectively with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A Harper
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Swaby
- Department of Counselling, Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln, UK
| | - Ellie Woodward
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Shport SV, Kamenskov MY, Vvedenskii GE, Demidova LY, Vasiliev NG, Tkachenko AA. Pedophilia: social, legal and medical aspects. Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2022-2-4-45-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual abuse against children causes a real public response that supports active discussions on the problem of sexual actions against minors both in the legislation, where new legal norms are proposed to regulate and prevent such offensive behavior, and in the medical community, since in some cases the mechanisms of such offenses are associated with specific forms of mental pathology. The aim of this article was the evaluation of the medical, legal and social aspects associated with pedophilia and its role in criminal sexual behavior. Materials and methods. This review included the most influential works in the field of sexology and sexual pathology, official materials of the World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association, legal and medical statistical reports. In the result this review reveals the place of pedophilia in mental disorders, the necessity of taking into account current data on the prevalence of abnormal sexual interests in population for work with it, as well as the importance of considering sexual crimes against minors in a broader context, the need to develop psychotherapeutic and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Shport
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat
| | - M. Yu. Kamenskov
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat
| | - G. E. Vvedenskii
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat
| | - L. Yu. Demidova
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat
| | - N. G. Vasiliev
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat
| | - A. A. Tkachenko
- FSBI “V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federat, FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
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5
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Jahnke S, Blagden N, Hill L. Pedophile, Child Lover, or Minor-Attracted Person? Attitudes Toward Labels Among People Who are Sexually Attracted to Children. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:4125-4139. [PMID: 36175817 PMCID: PMC9663395 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary label for people who are sexually attracted to children ("pedophile") is conflated with sexual offending behavior and tainted with stigma. In the present pre-registered mixed-method study, we therefore investigated attitudes and preferences regarding "pedophile/hebephile" and other labels among 286 people who report a stronger or equally strong sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children than to adults. Overall, quantitative data showed acceptance of "pedophile/hebephile" as well as a range of alternative labels in a personal (Labeling Oneself) and a professional context (Being Labeled by Others). "Minor-attracted person" and "pedophile/hebephile" received generally higher support than other terms and appeared to be least divisive across three major online fora. Qualitative data revealed four themes: "Contested self-labels," "Person-first language and pathologizing sexuality/identity," "Stigma and shame," and "Reclaiming the pedophile label." Our results allow deeper insight into reasons for adopting certain labels over others, as well as difficulties of finding a non-stigmatizing label. We discuss limitations of the study and practical implications for clinical and research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jahnke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nicholas Blagden
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Hill
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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6
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Mundy CL. 10 years later: Revisiting Seto’s (2012) conceptualization of orientation to sexual maturity among pedohebephilic persons. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has examined the experiences of individuals who are sexually attracted to children. This study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from individuals with self-identified pedohebephilic attractions ( n = 116). Several analyses were used to assess whether the sample characteristics followed Seto’s (2012) conceptual outline of pedophilia as an orientation to sexual maturity. The three developmental characteristics of gender-based sexual orientation were explored using survey and interview data. Overlapping patterns with relation to the age of onset, expressions of both sexual and romantic attractions, and stability of such attraction over time were found. As noted by researchers and clinicians in this area, there are clear clinical implications associated with a shift in the conceptualization of sexual attraction to children. Such etiological conceptualizations are often poorly understood and/or conflated with sociocultural understandings and reactions. Despite resistance to such conceptualizations, the findings indicate that orientation to sexual maturity closely mirrors the developmental trajectory of gender sexual orientation, as outlined in Seto’s seminal paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L. Mundy
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Martijn FM, Babchishin KM, Pullman LE, Roche K, Seto MC. Attraction to Physical and Psychological Features of Children in Child-Attracted Persons. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:391-402. [PMID: 34374601 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1948957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an online survey of 274 self-identified child-attracted persons (CAPs), we examined the attraction ratings given to sets of 9 physical and 12 psychological features of children, and asked CAPs to identify additional features that were not listed. We also examined the relationships between these attraction ratings and attraction to children dimensions (age mono-/polymorphism, exclusivity of attraction to children, and gender attraction), history of falling in love with a child, and detected sexual offending history. There was relatively little differentiation across physical features and psychological features; all averages were approximately 4 or higher on a 5-point scale. Attraction ratings were mostly weakly and inconsistently related to our other study variables. The exception was that CAPs who had fallen in love with a child rated 11 out of 12 psychological features as more attractive than CAPs who had not fallen in love with a child, with small to moderate effect sizes. These two groups did not differ in ratings for physical features. Our qualitative content analysis of participant-suggested features revealed six physical themes (inter alia, face and head, children's bodies) and five psychological themes (inter alia, personality, harmlessness) that were important to CAPs' attraction to children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lesleigh E Pullman
- Forensic Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal
| | | | - Michael C Seto
- Forensic Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal
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8
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Joyal CC, Carpentier J. Concordance and Discordance between Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors: A Follow-Up Study. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:385-390. [PMID: 34637647 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1986801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although paraphilic interests represent significant risk factors for recidivism among sexual offenders, little is known about the magnitude of concordance between paraphilic interests and behaviors in the general population. The goal of this follow-up study was to conduct secondary analyses based on a sample of 1040 adults (475 men; 565 women) recruited in the general population. Levels of associations and active concordance (having both interest and experience), passive concordance (having neither interest nor experience), active discordance (having experience without interest) and passive discordance (having interest without experience) between paraphilic interest and corresponding behavior were assessed. Concordance and discordance indexes were also computed, as well as regressions and moderation analyses. As expected, paraphilic interests predicted corresponding behaviors, although the mean active concordance rate was only approximately 50%. Concordance rates varied with gender and the criminal nature (legal vs. illegal) of paraphilia. Paraphilic interests in adults from the general population may not have the same predictive value as that observed in medico-legal contexts. The possible role of other moderators in the concordance between paraphilic interest and behavior in non-clinical populations should be assessed. These findings have implications for sexual abuse prevention programs aiming at individuals in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Joyal
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
- International Center of Comparative Criminology
- Philipe-Pinel Institute of Montreal
| | - Julie Carpentier
- International Center of Comparative Criminology
- Philipe-Pinel Institute of Montreal
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
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9
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Lievesley R, Swaby H, Harper CA, Woodward E. Primary Health Professionals' Beliefs, Experiences, and Willingness to Treat Minor-Attracted Persons. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:923-943. [PMID: 35084616 PMCID: PMC8793822 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a desire and need among minor-attracted persons (MAPs) to access support within the community, and this often begins with an approach to healthcare providers working in general medical/mental health settings. However, little is known about the experiences of these non-specialist professionals in relation to their beliefs, knowledge, and decision-making processes when working with patients who disclose sexual attractions to children. Using an online survey, this study explored the knowledge, comfort, competence, and treatment willingness of 220 non-specialist healthcare providers when faced with patients who disclose sexual attractions to children. We investigated how often such disclosures were made, clinician stigma, treatment priorities, and professionals' willingness to report MAPs to external agencies because of their sexual attractions. Some key differences were found when comparing primary medical vs. mental health professionals, including increased likelihood to view MAPs as dangerous, unable to control behaviors and that sexual attractions are an avoidable choice, in the former group. Both groups prioritized mental health treatment targets above controlling attractions and living with stigmatized attractions, although controlling or changing attractions were still relatively high priorities. Results indicated a need for further training, focusing on increasing comfort around working with MAPs, as this was associated with a greater willingness to work with this group. We identify current gaps in service provision for MAPs seeking professional support and discuss recommendations for professional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lievesley
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Helen Swaby
- Department of Counselling, Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln, UK
| | - Craig A Harper
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Ellie Woodward
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
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10
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Lievesley R, Lapworth R. "We Do Exist": The Experiences of Women Living with a Sexual Interest in Minors. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:879-896. [PMID: 34791582 PMCID: PMC8888496 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current body of the literature studying minor-attracted persons (MAPs) predominantly focuses on the experiences of men who experience sexual attractions to children. To shed more light on the experiences of women within this population, we conducted anonymous semi-structured interviews with six self-identified female MAPs, who were recruited through online support forums for individuals with sexual attractions to children. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Two superordinate themes were identified from the dataset that highlighted the uniqueness of the experience of being a woman within the MAP community ("A minority within a minority") and themes of social isolation and the effects of this on identity ("A lonely secret existence"). The findings reported here highlight how the experiences of female MAPs both converge with and diverge from their male counterparts in important ways. We discuss the implications of these experiences in relation to more effective service provision for women who are sexually attracted to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lievesley
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Rhia Lapworth
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
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11
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Speer L, Schuler M, Keil J, Moran JK, Pantazidis P, Amelung T, Florack J, Beier KM, Senkowski D. Sexual preference for prepubescent children is associated with enhanced processing of child faces in juveniles. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:261-274. [PMID: 33230608 PMCID: PMC8837509 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse offences (CSOs) represent a severe ethical and socioeconomic burden for society. Juveniles with a sexual preference for prepubescent children (PP) commit a large percentage of CSOs, but have been widely neglected in neuroscience research. Aberrant neural responses to face stimuli have been observed in men with pedophilic interest. Thus far, it is unknown whether such aberrations exist already in PP. A passive face-viewing paradigm, including the presentation of child and adult faces, was deployed and high-density electroencephalography data were recorded. The study group comprised 25 PP and the control group involved 22 juveniles with age-adequate sexual preference. Attractiveness ratings and evoked brain responses were obtained for the face stimuli. An aberrant pattern of attractiveness ratings for child vs. adult faces was found in the PP group. Moreover, elevated occipital P1 amplitudes were observed for adult vs. child faces in both groups. At longer latency (340-426 ms), a stronger negative deflection to child vs. adult faces, which was source localized in higher visual, parietal and frontal regions, was specifically observed in the PP group. Our study provides evidence for enhanced neural processing of child face stimuli in PP, which might reflect elevated attention capture of face stimuli depicting members from the sexually preferred age group. This study expands our understanding of the neural foundations underlying sexual interest in prepubescent children and provides a promising path for the uncovering of objective biomarkers of sexual responsiveness to childlike body schemes in juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Speer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Miriam Schuler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Biological Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - James K Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Pantazidis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Amelung
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Florack
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus M Beier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Keeley JW, Briken P, Evans SC, First MB, Klein V, Krueger RB, Matsumoto C, Fresán A, Rebello TJ, Robles R, Sharan P, Reed GM. Can Clinicians Use Dimensional Information to Make a Categorical Diagnosis of Paraphilic Disorders? An ICD-11 Field Study. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1592-1606. [PMID: 37057432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of paraphilic disorder is a complicated clinical judgment based on the integration of information from multiple dimensions to arrive at a categorical (present/absent) conclusion. The recent update of the guidelines for paraphilic disorders in ICD-11 presents an opportunity to investigate how mental health professionals use the diagnostic guidelines to arrive at a diagnosis which thereby can optimize the guidelines for clinical use. AIM This study examined clinicians' ability to use the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders which contain multiple dimensions that must be simultaneously assessed to arrive at a diagnosis. METHODS The study investigated the ability of 1,263 international clinicians to identify the dimensions of paraphilic disorder in the context of written case vignettes that varied on a single dimension only. OUTCOMES Participants provided diagnoses for the case vignettes along with dimensional ratings of the degree of presence of five dimensions of paraphilic disorder (arousal, consent, action, distress, and risk). RESULTS Across a series of analyses, clinicians demonstrated a clear ability to recognize and appropriately integrate the dimensions of paraphilic disorders; however, there was some evidence that clinicians may over-diagnose non-pathological cases. CLINICAL TRANSLATION Clinicians would likely benefit from targeted training on the ICD-11 definition of paraphilic disorder and should be cautious of over-diagnosing. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This study represents a large international sample of health professionals and is the first to examine clinicians' ability to apply the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders. Important limitations include not generalizing to all clinicians and acknowledging that results may be different in direct clinical interactions vs written case vignettes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that clinicians appear capable of interpreting and implementing the diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders in ICD-11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Michael B First
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Richard B Krueger
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Ana Fresán
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz
| | - Tahilia J Rebello
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Rebeca Robles
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz
| | | | - Geoffrey M Reed
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
- World Health Organization
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13
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Stephens S, McPhail IV. A preliminary examination of sexual interest in children in a non-representative community sample of females. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:591-604. [PMID: 34060433 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1928804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are few empirical studies examining sexological features of sexual interest in children among females. A non-representative sample of 20 females and 208 males who self-identified as having a sexual interest in children completed an anonymous survey. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine sexological features of sexual interest in children among females. Most females reported interest in prepubescent and pubescent children and rated their interest in different age categories similarly. Most females reported an interest in boys. Females first experienced sexual attractions during childhood, but awareness of sexual interest in children occurred later in their adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Stephens
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ian V McPhail
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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14
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Stoléru S, Moulier V, Fonteille V. Development and Preliminary Validation of the Pedophilic Fantasies, Desires, and Activities Questionnaire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:1134-1155. [PMID: 31658841 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19883758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual interest in children is a risk factor for recidivism of sexual offenses against children, there is a dearth of measures for assessing its current level in patients with pedophilic disorder. The objective was to develop the Pedophilic Fantasies, Desires, and Activities Questionnaire (PFDAQ) to assess the current level of sexual interest in patients with pedophilic disorder. In total, 57 patients with pedophilic disorder and 53 controls were recruited. In addition to the PFDAQ, participants were presented with other measures of sexual interest. PFDAQ scores were significantly higher in patients than in controls and were correlated with other measures of sexual interest. Three PFDAQ scores were correlated with a phallometric index of preference for children. These results suggest that the PFDAQ may be valid and potentially useful for assessing the current level of pedophilic attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Stoléru
- Inserm U1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Moulier
- EPS Ville Evrard, Neuilly-sur-Marne, France
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
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Martijn FM, Babchishin KM, Pullman LE, Seto MC. Sexual Attraction and Falling in Love in Persons with Pedohebephilia. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1305-1318. [PMID: 32086644 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies of pedophilia or hebephilia have included questions about romantic attraction. We conducted an anonymous online survey of 306 men who self-reported as sexually attracted to children. The majority (72%) of participants reported they had fallen in love with a child in their lifetime. Participants reported greater feelings of attachment to children than feelings of infatuation. Though sexual attraction and falling in love were strongly correlated, they were not synonymous. Participants who reported pedohebephilia (defined in this study as attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children) were more likely to have fallen in love with a child than participants who reported pedohebe-ephebophilia (defined as attraction to prepubescent, pubescent, and post-pubescent minors). Also, participants with an exclusive attraction to children were more likely to have fallen in love with a child than participants who were equally attracted to children and adults. The results of this study were consistent with the suggestion of Seto (2012) that pedohebephilia could be considered a form of sexual orientation for age, which includes both sexual and romantic attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica M Martijn
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Kelly M Babchishin
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Lesleigh E Pullman
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Michael C Seto
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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Soldino V, Merdian HL, Bartels RM, Bradshaw HK. Implicit Theories of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenders: Cross-Cultural Validation of Interview Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:315-334. [PMID: 31550957 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19877599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Offense-supportive cognitions are thought to result from underlying implicit theories (ITs). As child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) users are a distinct type of sex offender, Bartels and Merdian proposed that CSEM offenders hold five different ITs from those endorsed by contact sex offenders (i.e., Unhappy World, Self as Uncontrollable, Child as Sexual Object, Nature of Harm [CSEM variant], and Self as Collector), linked by an assumption about the Reinforcing Nature of the Internet. This article reports a conceptual content analysis of 23 interviews conducted with CSEM offenders in the United Kingdom and Spain. Support for all CSEM-specific ITs was found across both samples, providing an empirical validation of this conceptualization. Finally, four ITs originally identified for contact sex offenders were also identified, namely, Uncontrollability, Child as Sexual Being, Dangerous World, and Nature of Harm. Further validation of CSEM-related ITs is encouraged.
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Tozdan S, Briken P. More Answers to McPhail (2018a) Concerning Age of Onset of Pedohebephilic Interest. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1269-1271. [PMID: 30725346 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Tozdan
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Bioethical Issues and Secondary Prevention for Nonoffending Individuals with Pedophilia. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2019; 28:264-275. [PMID: 31113513 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180119000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse is a global problem with significant emotional, psychological, and financial implications to victims, perpetrators, and society. Most child sexual abuse prevention programs target young children or those who have already engaged in abusive behavior, in order to prevent further offending. There are numerous secondary prevention programs targeting individuals at-risk of various health conditions in an effort to reduce the likelihood they will go on to experience a particular illness or disease. Considerable research exists regarding the risk factors for engaging in child sexual abuse and more specifically the factors contributing to reoffense. We argue that engaging in secondary prevention programs for people with pedophilia, in order to prevent child sexual abuse, is an ethically responsible and necessary practice. Secondary prevention programs with this focus are reviewed, along with the implications of mandatory reporting in doing this work.
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Tozdan S, Briken P. Age of Onset and Its Correlates in Men with Sexual Interest in Children. Sex Med 2019; 7:61-71. [PMID: 30545789 PMCID: PMC6377425 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current discussions in the field of sex research concern the age at which sexual interest in children occurred or awareness emerged. AIM To investigate the age of onset (AOO) and its correlates in men with sexual interest in children. METHODS Using 2 samples (study 1, patients from an outpatient treatment center, n = 26; study 2, an online survey using 3 recruitment paths, n = 94), we assessed self-reported AOO of sexual interest in children, its flexibility, its exclusiveness, and individuals' motivation to change it. We further examined the interrelation between these variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE AOO as the self-reported age at which participants retrospectively felt sexually attracted to children for the first time. RESULTS We found broad ranges in AOO (study 1: mean 20.0 ± 10.7; study 2: mean 17.0 ± 8.7), flexibility, and exclusiveness (in studies 1 and 2, 7.7% and 22.3%, respectively, reported that their sexual interest is exclusively in children). The earlier participants felt sexually attracted to children for the first time, the more they were attracted exclusively in children and the less they perceived it to be flexible. Participants who reported rather exclusive sexual interest in children were less likely to perceive it as flexible. The more participants reported on flexibility, the more they were motivated to change it. The earlier participants of study 2 felt sexually attracted to children for the first time, the less they were motivated to change. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The variety of our results indicates the contradiction of overall rules for individuals with sexual interest in children. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS We included individuals with sexual interest in children from different contexts (eg, forensic vs non-forensic). Our results are in line with previous findings. However, both studies included rather small samples, limiting generalizability. There is not yet consent about how to operationalize AOO. CONCLUSION We recommend a differentiated perspective on individuals with sexual interest in children and on different forms of pedophilia in the diagnostic construct. Tozdan S, Briken P. Age of Onset and Its Correlates in Men with Sexual Interest in Children.Sex Med 2019;7:61-71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Tozdan
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Tozdan S, Briken P. Comment on McPhail's (2018) "Age of Onset in Pedohebephilic Interests". ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:2161-2163. [PMID: 29938359 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Tozdan
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Preventing Child Sexual Abuse—The Prevention Project Dunkelfeld. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1065-1066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McPhail IV. Age of Onset in Pedohebephilic Interests. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1313-1317. [PMID: 29569188 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian V McPhail
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada.
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23
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Babchishin KM, Merdian HL, Bartels RM, Perkins D. Child Sexual Exploitation Materials Offenders. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The downloading and possession of Child Sexual Exploitation Materials (CSEM; also referred to as child pornography and indecent images of children) is a commonly convicted type of Internet sexual offenses. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on CSEM offenders. We first provide a summary of the key motivations of CSEM offenders, characteristics of CSEM offenders compared to contact sexual offenders against children, and important facilitative factors. We then review the factors related to recidivism among CSEM offenders. Finally, we describe current developments in the risk assessment, police case prioritization, and treatment approaches for CSEM offenders. Generally, CSEM offenders hold a sexual interest in children, are low on antisocial tendencies, and pose a low risk to reoffend (including contact sexual offending). Key facilitative factors for CSEM offending include access to children, offense-supportive cognitions, and sexual arousal. Factors indicative of antisocial tendencies (e.g., criminal history) are associated with an increased risk of reoffending. Lastly, we address atypical sexual interest, socio-affective dysfunctions, and strategies for maintaining an offense-free lifestyle as key treatment targets for CSEM offenders. Lower treatment dosage, however, should be considered given CSEM-exclusive offenders’ lower risk level for contact sexual offenses. We hope that this review will inspire others to explore the current research gaps in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Derek Perkins
- School of Law, Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
Abstract. There is an emerging consensus among researchers that having pedophilic interests is not synonymous with child sexual abuse or other amoral behavior. Nevertheless, misconceptions about pedophilia are highly prevalent among the general public and mental health practitioners. This article provides an overview of recent findings on the stigma of pedophilia and derives guidelines for mental health practitioners based on these results. We argue that stigmatization of people with pedophilic sexual interests has undesired indirect effects on risk factors for child sexual abuse, particularly on an emotional and social level. Also, fear of being rejected or treated unethically may prevent pedophilic individuals at risk for sexual offending from confiding in medical practitioners or psychotherapists. Psychologists working with pedophilic individuals in forensic or clinical settings should be aware that stigmatizing people with pedophilia may increase their risk of sexual offending, and provide help to deal with potential stigma-related repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jahnke
- Department of Research Synthesis, Intervention and Evaluation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
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25
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Imhoff R, Jahnke S. Determinants of Punitive Attitudes Toward People with Pedophilia: Dissecting Effects of the Label and Intentionality Ascriptions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:353-361. [PMID: 28799101 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has established marked punitive attitudes against people sexually interested in children. These negative attitudes are even more pronounced when such sexual interest is labeled as pedophilia, but are attenuated to the extent that such sexual interest is perceived as beyond one's own control (unintentional). We explored these effects in more detail by separately manipulating the label (pedophiles vs. people with sexual interest in prepubescent children) and degree of intentionality (pedophilia or sexual desire as malleable vs. not malleable). Participants recruited via an online platform (N = 423) were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions and asked to rate degree of intentionality, dangerousness, deviance, and punitive attitudes toward people sexually interested in children. As expected, participants expressed stronger punitive attitudes when the label was present. The manipulation of intentionality, however, was not successful. Further analyses explored whether participants found the notion that sexual interest cannot be altered at will more credible than the opposite, particularly in presence of the pedophilia label. The results are discussed with regard to the significance of and potential intervention against the markedly strong public stigma against people with pedophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Binger Str. 14-16, 55122, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sara Jahnke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Jordan K, Fromberger P, Müller I, Wernicke M, Stolpmann G, Müller JL. Sexual interest and sexual self-control in men with self-reported sexual interest in children - A first eye tracking study. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:138-144. [PMID: 29049970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual child abuse is one of the most destructive events for child development. One possible approach to avert it is the preventive treatment of individuals with a sexual interest in children. The aim of the current eye tracking study was to compare people with a self-reported sexual interest in children who participate in the outpatient preventive treatment project "PsM", pedophilic forensic inpatients, and a non-pedophilic control group. Groups were compared with respect to sexual interest and attentional control in the presence of sexual stimuli, both assessed independently of self-report. Two approaches were applied, namely the initial orientation approach for measuring sexual interest, and a sexual distractor task for measuring attentional control. Our data showed for the first time that outpatients with a self-reported sexual interest in children differed from pedophilic forensic inpatients with respect to attentional control but not with regard to sexual interest. Outpatients showed similar sexual interest in children as pedophilic forensic inpatients. They demonstrated significantly better attentional control than pedophilic forensic inpatients in the face of adult sexual stimuli, but the difference regarding child sexual stimuli did not reach significance. This might reflect a higher capacity for self-control and self-regulation in these patients. Nevertheless, child stimuli remain to be important distractors for them. Our results provide valuable additional information for the diagnosis and therapy of outpatients with a self-reported sexual interest in children. Obviously, these data are preliminary and further studies with larger groups should examine if they are replicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jordan
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Fromberger
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Müller
- Asklepios Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Stolpmann
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen L Müller
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Asklepios Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Tozdan S, Briken P. Accepting Sexual Interest in Children as Unchangeable: One Claim Fits for All? Comments on Grundmann, Krupp, Scherner, Amelung, and Beier's (2016) "Stability of Self-Reported Arousal to Sexual Fantasies Involving Children in a Clinical Sample of Pedophiles and Hebephiles". ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:331-333. [PMID: 27480752 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Tozdan
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Grundmann D, Krupp J, Scherner G, Amelung T, Beier KM. Response to Tozdan and Briken's (2016) "Accepting Sexual Interest in Children as Unchangeable: One Claim Fits for All?". ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:335-336. [PMID: 28039594 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Grundmann
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jurian Krupp
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerold Scherner
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Amelung
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Michael Beier
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstraße 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Stephens S, Seto MC, Goodwill AM, Cantor JM. Evidence of Construct Validity in the Assessment of Hebephilia. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:301-309. [PMID: 27900492 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hebephilia refers to a persistent intense sexual interest in pubescent children. Although not as widely studied as pedophilia, studies of hebephilia have indicated convergence in self-report and sexual arousal. The present study expanded on previous work by examining convergent and divergent validity across indicators of hebephilia that included self-report, sexual behavior, and sexual arousal in a sample of 2238 men who had sexually offended. We included men who denied such interest and specifically examined the overlap between hebephilia and pedophilia and examined pedohebephilia (i.e., sexual interests in both prepubescent and pubescent children). Results indicated that there was considerable convergence across indicators of hebephilia. The results suggested poor divergent validity between hebephilia and pedophilia, as there was substantial overlap between the two constructs across analyses. Finally, a distinct pattern of sexual arousal was found in offenders with pedohebephilia. The results of the present study were discussed with a focus on implications for the assessment of sexual interest in children and the conceptualization of pedohebephilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Stephens
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Michael C Seto
- Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - James M Cantor
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Seto MC. The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:3-22. [PMID: 27549306 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this article, I return to the idea that pedophilia, a sexual interest in prepubescent children, can be considered a sexual orientation for age, in conjunction with the much more widely acknowledged and discussed sexual orientation for gender. Here, I broaden the scope to consider other chronophilias, referring to paraphilias for age/maturity categories other than young sexually mature adults. The puzzle of chronophilias includes questions about etiology and course, how chronophilias are related to each other, and what they can tell us about how human (male) sexuality is organized. In this article, I briefly review research on nepiophilia (infant/toddlers), pedophilia (prepubescent children), hebephilia (pubescent children), ephebophilia (postpubescent, sexually maturing adolescents), teleiophilia (young sexually mature adults, typically 20s and 30s), mesophilia (middle-aged adults, typically 40s and 50s), and gerontophilia (elderly adults, typically 60s and older) in the context of a multidimensional sexual orientations framework. Relevant research, limitations, and testable hypotheses for future work are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Seto
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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31
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Beier KM, Amelung T. A German Sexological Perspective on Male Chronophilias. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:27-28. [PMID: 27882476 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Michael Beier
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Amelung
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Seto MC. The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias: Response to Commentaries. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:53-58. [PMID: 28058625 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Seto
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, 1804 Highway 2 East, Brockville, ON, K6V 5W7, Canada.
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