1
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Koós M, Nagy L, Kraus SW, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN, Gaudet É, Ballester-Arnal R, Batthyány D, Bergeron S, Billieux J, Briken P, Burkauskas J, Cárdenas-López G, Carvalho J, Castro-Calvo J, Chang YH, Chen L, Ciocca G, Corazza O, Csako RI, Fernandez DP, Fujiwara H, Fernandez EF, Fuss J, Gabrhelík R, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Gjoneska B, Gola M, Grubbs JB, Hashim HT, Hsieh YP, Islam MS, Ismail M, Jiménez-Martínez MC, Jurin T, Kalina O, Klein V, Költő A, Lee SK, Lewczuk K, Lochner C, López-Alvarado S, Lukavská K, Mayta-Tristán P, Miller DJ, Orosová O, Orosz G, Ponce FP, Quintana GR, Quintero Garzola GC, Ramos-Diaz J, Rigaud K, Rousseau A, Scanavino MDT, Schulmeyer MK, Sharan P, Shibata M, Shoib S, Sigre-Leirós V, Sniewski L, Spasovski O, Steibliene V, Stein DJ, Strizek J, Štulhofer A, Ünsal BC, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Van Hout MC, Bőthe B. Why Do People Watch Pornography? Cross-Cultural Validation of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) and Its Short Form (PUMS-8). JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38905162 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2359641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Léna Nagy
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
| | | | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Departmento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, University Jaume I of Castellón
| | - Dominik Batthyány
- Institute for Behavioural Addictions, Sigmund Freud University Vienna
| | | | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
- Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
| | - Georgina Cárdenas-López
- Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico
| | - Joana Carvalho
- William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanity and Social Science, Fuzhou University
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Section of Sexual Psychopathology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento
| | - Rita I Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology
| | | | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
- Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project
| | | | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - Roman Gabrhelík
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Charles University
- Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa
| | | | - Mateusz Gola
- Institute of Psychlogy, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- University of New Mexico
- Center for Alcohol, Substance use, And Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico
| | | | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, University of North Dakota
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health
| | | | | | - Tanja Jurin
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Ondrej Kalina
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice
| | | | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital
- Chuncheon Addiction Management Center
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University
| | | | - Kateřina Lukavská
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Charles University
- Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, Charles University
| | | | - Dan J Miller
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University
| | - Oľga Orosová
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice
| | | | | | - Gonzalo R Quintana
- Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá
| | | | - Jano Ramos-Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte
| | | | | | - Marco De Tubino Scanavino
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
- Experimental Pathophisiology Post Graduation Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | | | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | | | - Vera Sigre-Leirós
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
- Institute of Legal Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)
| | | | - Ognen Spasovski
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | | | | | - Berk C Ünsal
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
- Center de recherche interdisciplinary sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles (CRIPCAS)
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2
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Wizła M, Lewczuk K. The Associations Between Attachment Insecurity and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder or Problematic Pornography Use: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02904-7. [PMID: 38898361 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) was previously considered an attachment disorder, while emotion dysregulation was thought to potentially be a key characteristic of it. However, this theoretical model was not tested in previous empirical research. In our cross-sectional study, we tested whether emotional regulation (ER) difficulties can be adopted as an explanatory mechanism for the relationships between attachment avoidance and anxiety, as well as CSBD and its most prevalent behavioral presentation-problematic pornography use (PPU). Participants (n = 1002; Mage = 50.49 years, SD = 13.32; men: 50.2%) completed an online survey regarding the investigated variables. In mediation analyses, attachment avoidance and anxiety were treated as simultaneous predictors, ER difficulties as a mediating variable, with CSBD/PPU severity as dependent variables. Emotion regulation difficulties and attachment anxiety had a direct positive effect on both CSBD and PPU. The direct effect of attachment avoidance on PPU was non-significant, and significant for CSBD depending on the measure used. Moreover, all the relationships between both insecure attachment dimensions and CSBD/PPU symptom severity were at least partially mediated by ER difficulties. Our results corroborate the theoretical claim that ER difficulties may be a useful framework for explaining the impact of attachment insecurity on CSBD/PPU. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Du R, Knight RA. The Structure of Hypersexuality and Its Relation to Impulsivity. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2277-2290. [PMID: 38589743 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Among the multiple controversies surrounding hypersexuality is the important issue of whether it constitutes a univocal construct. Although an initial study supported its homogeneity, more resent research has identified two separate subcomponents-problematic sexuality and sexual drive. The present survey study addressed this issue in a sample that included both in-person tested college students (n = 69) and online respondents (n = 339). A factor analysis of scales attempting to capture the indicators of each subcomponent of hypersexuality yielded two correlated, but separate factors. Whereas Problematic Sexuality (PS) comprised scales measuring sexual compulsivity, using sex as a coping mechanism, and the negative consequences of sexual behavior, Sexual Drive (SD) was defined by frequent sexual activity, preoccupation with sexual fantasies, a predilection for impersonal sexual behavior, and facile sexual arousal. These two subcomponents of hypersexuality were found to covary with different types of impulsivity, further supporting their discrimination and providing external validation for their differentiation. Contrary to a priori hypotheses, however, PS correlated highly with Callous/Manipulative/Risk-Taking as well as with a predicted Affective Instability/Behavioral Disinhibition factor, suggesting that PS may constitute an equifinality of separate developmental trajectories for those high on both subtypes of hypersexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | - Raymond A Knight
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
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Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Klein DN, Bränström R. The Role of Shame in the Sexual-Orientation Disparity in Mental Health: A Prospective Population-Based Study of Multimodal Emotional Reactions to Stigma. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:486-504. [PMID: 38938414 PMCID: PMC11210704 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231177714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prominence of shame in stigma theories, its role in explaining population-level mental health disparities between the stigmatized and non-stigmatized has not been investigated. We assessed shame explicitly (via self-report) and implicitly (via a behavioral task) in a prospective, representative cohort of sexual minority and heterosexual young adults in Sweden (baseline n=2,222). Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities evidenced higher explicit and implicit shame, which explained sexual orientation disparities in depression, social anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Among sexual minorities, there was an indirect effect of shame in the association between interpersonal stigma (i.e., past-year family rejection and childhood bullying) and later experiences of adverse mental health; an indirect effect did not exist for the related construct, internalized stigma. Results suggest extending existing stigma theories to consider emotions like shame as characteristic reactions to stigma and guide the search for treatment targets focused on reducing the mental health sequelae of stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
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5
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Mulroy ME, Jackowich RA, Pukall CF. Examining the Psychometric Properties of the HBI-19 Scale in a Sample of Women with Persistent Genital Arousal Symptoms. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:603-613. [PMID: 36826430 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2176423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) is a highly distressing, yet poorly understood health concern characterized by persistent, unwanted, and unpleasant genital arousal sensations in the absence of psychological arousal and desire. PGAD/GPD symptoms can be reduced by engaging in frequent sexual behaviors, meaning that hypersexual behavior may be present as a feature of PGAD/GPD in some cases. Given this association and the current lack of measures designed for assessment of PGAD/GPD specifically, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19) in a sample of women with PGAD/GPD symptoms. Specifically, the factor structure of the HBI-19 was explored via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as well as evaluation of model fit indices and reliability indices (Cronbach's alpha). EFA revealed a two-factor structure for the HBI-19 in the sample of women with PGAD/GPD symptoms, differing from the originally validated three-factor structure. RMSEA as well as TLI values suggested poor fit for all three models examined, including the two-factor model, while SRMR suggested good fit for the two-factor and three-factor model and suggested poor fit for the one-factor models. These findings suggest measurement non-invariance at the configural level and indicate that hypersexual behavior is best understood as a possible feature of PGAD/GPD as opposed to a core element of PGAD/GPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Mulroy
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - R A Jackowich
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - C F Pukall
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Bőthe B, Potenza MN, Demetrovics Z. Debates on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Call for Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1215-1220. [PMID: 38418717 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, C.P. 6128, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Problèmes Conjugaux et les Agressions Sexuelles, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Li J, Hust SJT, Mei X. Sexual Consent, Alcohol Use, and Greek Membership: Testing Measurement Invariance and Group Mean Differences of Two Sexual Consent Measures. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38323863 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2308047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Research into sexual consent among college students often focuses on gender and Greek community involvement differences. However, few studies have validated sexual consent measures used for such comparisons. The present study applied a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework to assess the psychometric properties and measurement invariances of two prevalent sexual consent measures across Greek membership and gender groups - the Sexual Consent-Related Behavior Intentions Scale and the Alcohol and Sexual Consent Scale. After establishing measurement invariance, the latent group means were tested between genders and Greek community status. The results with 501 college men (318 fraternity members and 183 non-fraternity members) and 1506 college women (1187 sorority women and 319 nonsorority women) suggested that both scales achieved scalar invariance, permitting confident usage for comparisons across Greek memberships and genders. The latent mean analyses revealed significant differences in intentions to negotiate sexual consent and beliefs regarding alcohol-involved sexual assault among the different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Stacey J T Hust
- Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Xiaohan Mei
- School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, California State University
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Paquette MM, Dion J, Bőthe B, O'Sullivan LF, Perrier Léonard D, Bergeron S. How Does Sexual Subjectivity Vary on the Basis of Gender and Sexual Orientation? Validation of the Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (SSSI-11) in Cisgender, Heterosexual and Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:275-292. [PMID: 37679506 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Through sexual exploration, adolescents learn that they are sexual beings with choices, desires, and are deserving of pleasure, which corresponds to sexual subjectivity. However, the two measures of this construct (i.e., Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory and Male Sexual Subjectivity Inventory) have not been validated with younger adolescents and have different items for boys and girls (with no scale available for gender diverse individuals), limiting gender comparisons. This study examined (1) the factor structure of the adapted Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory-11 items (SSSI-11) in a large sample of young cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language (English and French), gender, and sexual orientation, (3) validity with sexuality-related outcomes, and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis among 2001 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 0.60) revealed a multidimensional factor structure. The SSSI-11, in both English and French, showed adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability, and was invariant across genders, sexual orientations, and languages. Girls had lower scores on the entitlement to self-pleasure and self-efficacy in achieving pleasure factors, and higher scores on the entitlement to pleasure from a partner factor. No significant differences were observed on the basis of language or between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The SSSI-11 correlated positively with sexuality-related variables. Findings support the strong psychometric properties of the SSSI-11, rendering it of considerable use in clinical, education, and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michèle Paquette
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Lucia F O'Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Delphine Perrier Léonard
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Woerner J, Chadwick SB, Antebi-Gruszka N, Siegel K, Schrimshaw EW. Negative Sexual Experiences Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Using GPS-Enabled Hook-Up Apps and Websites. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38016029 PMCID: PMC11130079 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2269930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) often use GPS-enabled dating apps and websites to facilitate in-person sexual encounters. Many of these encounters are positive and enjoyable. However, there is limited research on GBMSM's negative experiences with partners from hookup and dating apps/websites, especially those characterized by threats to GBMSM's sexual, physical, and/or psychological safety. In this report, we investigated this matter. We analyzed data from interviews with GBMSM (N = 60) and identified four categories of negative sexual experiences, each of which were comprised by sub-categories: 1) sexual violence (physical sexual assault, verbal sexual coercion, intoxicated assault/coercion), 2) sexual health risk behaviors (condom use resistance and coercion, deception related to HIV/STI status), 3) non-negotiated behaviors (undiscussed/unexpected sex acts, rough sex, sexualized racism, undesired substance use by the partner), and 4) threats to physical safety beyond sexual violence (being blocked from leaving, stalked, robbed, drugged). These results can inform future research and interventions that aim to promote safety on dating apps/websites within the GBMSM community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Woerner
- Departments of Sociology and Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Sara B. Chadwick
- Department of Gender & Women’s Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Karolynn Siegel
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Eric W. Schrimshaw
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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Rahm-Knigge RL, Gleason N, Mark K, Coleman E. Identifying Relationships Between Difficulties with Emotion Regulation and Compulsive Sexual Behavior. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3443-3455. [PMID: 37670204 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is an associated feature of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), now recognized by the World Health Organization. Previous studies have identified associations between trait emotion dysregulation and CSBD. Given that difficulties with emotion regulation (DERS) is comprised of several facets (e.g., difficulty with impulse control and lacking awareness of one's feelings when upset), and that these facets differentially relate to other mental health concerns, the present study aimed to examine how DERS facets relate to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB). The present study also considered interpersonal emotion regulation via attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Hierarchical regression was conducted, first accounting for demographic covariates, then adding attachment styles, and finally all DERS subscales. Results indicated that, among a large, diverse, online U.S. sample (N = 915; Mage = 39.21, SD = 0.81; 54.3% men), difficulty controlling impulses when upset, difficulty with clarity of emotions, and non-acceptance of emotions were significantly positively associated with CSB (small to moderate effects). Attachment anxiety and avoidance were also significantly positively associated with CSB, although their effects were minimal when adding DERS facets. Overall, this study supports the theorized impact of emotion dysregulation on CSB. Assessment of individual differences in DERS and intervening on these concerns are important for treating CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Rahm-Knigge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
| | - Neil Gleason
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Mark
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Eli Coleman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
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11
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Lewczuk K, Wizła M, Glica A, Dwulit AD. Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use in Cisgender Sexual Minority Individuals: The Associations with Minority Stress, Social Support, and Sexualized Drug Use. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37676791 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2245399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), recently recognized in the ICD-11 as an independent disorder, has been shown to be more prevalent in sexual minorities. However, we still lack studies investigating which factors contribute to CSBD and related behaviors in this group. In our cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationships between characteristics potentially contributing to CSBD and problematic pornography use (PPU) in sexual minority individuals: sexual minority stress (internalized sexual stigma, discrimination experiences, and openness about one's sexual orientation), perceived social support, and sexualized drug use (also more prevalent in sexual minorities). We adjusted for gender, age, sexual orientation, and the frequency of sexual behaviors. Cisgender sexual minority participants (n = 198, 72.7% men, 27.3% women; Mage = 27.13, SD = 7.78) completed an online survey. We conducted a two-step linear regression. In the first step, we introduced sociodemographic variables and the frequency of sexual activities. In the second step, we placed the predictors of main interest: perceived social support, minority stress measures, and the frequency of sexualized drug use. Our results showed that social support was negatively related to CSBD, while experiences of discrimination due to sexual orientation and engagement in sexualized drug use were associated with higher CSBD symptom severity. Internalized sexual stigma related to greater PPU severity. The discussed relationships were weak to moderate in strength. Implications of current results for therapy and diagnosis of CSBD in sexual minorities are discussed. The role of minority stressors and other factors specific to sexual minorities requires further exploration to design well-suited therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
| | - Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
| | - Agnieszka Glica
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences
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12
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Ortega-Otero M, Montesinos F, Charrabe L. Influence of psychological inflexibility and mindfulness on hypersexuality and sexual satisfaction in a Spanish sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182222. [PMID: 37546467 PMCID: PMC10400090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual satisfaction is tremendously relevant to wellbeing and quality of life. Inversely, hypersexuality may increase the risk of psychological distress, unprotected sex, and marital problems. This study attempts to explore the sociodemographic variables related to hypersexuality and the relationship between hypersexuality and sexual dissatisfaction with psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, body awareness, bodily dissociation, and mindfulness skills in the Spanish population. The sample was made up of 530 participants between 18 and 67 years of age. In total, 5.5% displayed hypersexuality, more likely in males, lesbians and gay men, singles, and students. An online survey was conducted including standardized questionnaires as follows: AAQ-II, CFQ, SBC, MAAS, NSSS-S, and HBI. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between hypersexuality and psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, and bodily dissociation, and an inverse moderate correlation with mindfulness skills. Moderate negative correlations were found between sexual satisfaction and bodily dissociation. Linear regression showed psychological inflexibility was the variable with the most weight on hypersexuality, while bodily dissociation was the variable with the most influence on sexual dissatisfaction. This study suggests lesbians and gay men, males, and singles may show an increased vulnerability toward engaging in hypersexual behavior and provides justification for interventions focused on psychological inflexibility and mindfulness skills to treat hypersexuality and improve sexual satisfaction.
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13
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Grant Weinandy JT, Lee B, Hoagland KC, Grubbs JB, Bőthe B. Anxiety and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:545-557. [PMID: 35482896 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2066616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of the novel diagnosis of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder in the forthcoming 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases has spurred increasing interest in the clinical profile of the disorder. Such attention has included a focus on potential comorbidities, risk factors, or symptoms resulting from such behaviors, including anxiety. Anxiety disorders have long been noted as comorbid with many other diagnoses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders. This review aims to understand the relationship between anxiety and compulsive sexual behavior in adults and adolescents, based on available quantitative studies. A search of PsycInfo and PubMed revealed 40 studies which quantitatively assessed a relationship between an anxiety measure and a Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder measure, including dissertations and published articles using clinical and community samples. A qualitative synthesis and risk of bias analysis of the studies was conducted, rather than a meta-analysis, due to the variety of methods. Overall, studies were primarily cross-sectional and the relationship between these two constructs was unclear, likely due to several factors, including inconsistent measurement of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder, lack of gender diversity, and very little longitudinal data. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brinna Lee
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University
| | | | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
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14
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Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, García-Barba M, Fernández-García O, Gil-Llario MD. Sexual life of Spanish women during the lockdown by COVID-19: Differences according to sexual orientation? WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2023; 98:102719. [PMID: 37065932 PMCID: PMC10085747 DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the sexual health differences that already existed among women based on their sexual orientation. Therefore, a total of 971 Spanish women aged 18-60 years (84 % heterosexual and 16 % with a minority sexual orientation) answered an ad hoc online questionnaire about sexual behavior during April 2020. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women showed a greater increase in sexual frequency, masturbated more, had more sex with a housemate, and engaged in more online sexual activities during lockdown. The emotional impact of the pandemic, having privacy, and age showed a relationship with the quality of sexual life, but not sexual orientation. Based on these results, women's sexual lives are not as closely related to their sexual orientation as they are to other variables. Therefore, it seems more necessary to address issues affecting women in general during lockdown than to focus on their specific sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Enrique Nebot-Garcia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta García-Barba
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Olga Fernández-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Lee BN, Grubbs JB. Problem gambling within sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107742. [PMID: 37121088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A body of literature now suggests that sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience a distinct set of stressors in the form of minority stress, which may function as a risk factor for the development of negative psychological and behavioral health outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was conducted through June 1st, 2022. Inclusion was limited to peer-reviewed publications in academic journals, with prospective and retrospective studies of a quantitative nature included for synthesis. Articles were required to contain an empirical measure of gambling cognitions, behaviors, motives, or outcomes. Studies that did not include sexual minorities within the sample or did not provide quantitative results which shed light on gambling in sexual minorities were excluded from the present review.In total, 12 eligible studies were identified for the current review. In general, this review highlighted methodological weaknesses within the literature and suggested that little is known about gambling in this population. Given conflicting findings across studies, further research is necessary to understand gambling in sexual and gender minorities. From a methodological standpoint, there is a need for clearer conceptualization and standardized measurement of gambling-related variables in vulnerable populations. Further, longitudinal research would be beneficial to understand the nuances of gambling disorder across sexual orientations and gender identities, as well as aid in the development of holistic intervention options that meet the needs of these more vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinna N Lee
- Department of Psychology, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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16
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Marchetti I. The Structure of Compulsive Sexual Behavior: A Network Analysis Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1271-1284. [PMID: 36735169 PMCID: PMC10102046 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive sexual behavior is a phenomenon characterized by a persistent failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes marked distress or impairment in personal, familial, social, educational, or occupational areas of functioning. Despite its major impact on mental health and quality of life, little is known about its internal structure and whether this phenomenon differs across genders, age groups, and risk status. By considering a large online sample (n = 3186; 68.3% males), ranging from 14 to 64 years old, compulsive sexual behavior was explored by means of network analysis. State-of-the-art analytical techniques were adopted to investigate the pattern of association among the different elements of compulsive sexual behavior, identify possible communities of nodes, pinpoint the most central nodes, and detect differences between males and females, among different age groups, as well as between individuals at low and high risk of developing a full-blown disorder. The analyses revealed that the network was characterized by three communities, namely Consequence, Preoccupation, and Perceived Dyscontrol, and that the most central node was related to (perceived) impulse dyscontrol. No substantial differences were found between males and females and across age. Failing to meet one's own commitments and responsibilities was more central in individuals at high risk of developing a full-blown disorder than in those at low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
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17
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Three Quarks for Hypersexuality Research. SEXES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes4010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In some areas of sex research, we note room for methodological improvement of research practices. In particular, in the field of hypersexuality research, where societal norms have been influential, methodological improvement might advance goals of objectivity in research. We propose that hypersexuality research should: firstly, take into account relevant subpopulations; secondly, use Item Response Theory (IRT) to construct item banks for measurement instruments; and, thirdly, measure sexual desire and related important constructs where and how they play out—in daily life, changing from moment to moment. We show that comparing relevant subpopulations can lead to depathologizing normative, but highly frequent, sexual behavior. Using IRT can lead to more precise measurement instruments by assessment of characteristics of individual items. Measuring sexual desire as an inherently fluctuating process in everyday life, and as part of emotion regulation processes, can direct research towards relevant associations other research methods might miss. Bringing into practice our three proposals for improvement can procure a number of advantages. We illustrate these advantages mainly for the field of hypersexuality research, but our suggestions might also be beneficial for sex research in general.
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Bigras N, Dion J, Bőthe B, Byers ES, Aumais M, Bergeron S. A Validation Study of the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction in Sexually Active Adolescents. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:62-70. [PMID: 36398913 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2148239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Positive views of adolescents' sexuality have only begun to garner interest in the last two decades. Despite great strides in this emerging area, progress is limited by the paucity of valid and reliable measures among this population. The goal of this study was to validate the widely used adult five-item Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (GMSEX) in a large sample of sexually active adolescents. A total of 1,036 adolescents (516 girls, 49.8%) aged between 14 and 17 years (Mage = 14.62; SD = 0.66) were recruited to investigate the reliability and validity of the GMSEX. The GMSEX yielded strong psychometric properties in adolescents, including factor structure, measurement invariance, and reliability. Results showed that the scale works similarly for boys and girls as well as for heterosexual, cisgender, and sexual minority adolescents. The GMSEX is a short, reliable, and valid measure of sexual satisfaction that can be used in future studies focusing on adolescents' sexuality and relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Health Sciences Department, Université du Québec À Chicoutimi
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal
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Kamolova M, Chen YL, Etuk R, Sacco SJ, Kraus SW. Differences within: Hypersexuality, Sensation Seeking and Pornography Viewing Behaviors in a Sample of Heterosexual, Gay, Bisexual, and Uncertain Men. SEXUAL HEALTH & COMPULSIVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26929953.2022.2162652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Hypersexual behaviour among young adults in Germany: characteristics and personality correlates. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:804. [PMID: 36536318 PMCID: PMC9762014 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersexual behaviour (HB) is characterized by recurring unsuccessful efforts to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses that result in sexual activities and manifest in the behaviour of the concerning individual over an extended period. This study aims to describe the characterization of HB among the target group, identify personality correlates, and associations between HB and a lack of sexual education and reflection during school time. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to survey the participants (age 18-27; n = 609) online who were recruited via a web forum for addiction selfcare, a website for casual sex dating, Facebook and the mail distribution of the University of Applied Science Nordhausen (Germany). Standardised questionnaires were used to measure the key variables in the study. The sexual behaviour (masturbation, pornography consumption, promiscuity), several personality tendencies, and retrospective information about sexual education of the participants during school time were investigated. Correlation and binomial logistic regression were used to analyse the data with HB as the outcome variable. RESULTS 10.5% (n = 64) of the participants were identified as hypersexual. The assignment to male sex, a problematic pornography consumption, and impulsive tendencies were determined as predictors of HB. Strong correlates were identified between HB and promiscuity, and impairments in important areas of life. Weak to moderate correlates comprise between HB and all investigated personality traits, and several aspects of sexual risk behaviour. No association was found between HB and a lacking sexual education during school time. The descriptive analysis revealed further sexual problems within the sample (e.g. feelings of shame and guilt, sexual risk behaviour, sexual dysfunction). CONCLUSION Young adults should get more attention as a vulnerable group for the development of hypersexuality in sexual education, prevention and therapy. Regarding to its treatment, HB therefore should be considered together with its associations with sociodemographic information, personality traits, and psychosocial factors.
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Turner D, Briken P, Grubbs J, Malandain L, Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN, Thibaut F. The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines on the assessment and pharmacological treatment of compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 24:10-69. [PMID: 37522807 PMCID: PMC10408697 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2134739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current guidelines aim to evaluate the role of pharmacological agents in the treatment of patients with compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD). They are intended for use in clinical practice by clinicians who treat patients with CSBD. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted using the English-language-literature indexed on PubMed and Google Scholar without time limit, supplemented by other sources, including published reviews. RESULTS Each treatment recommendation was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy, safety, tolerability, and feasibility. Psychoeducation and psychotherapy are first-choice treatments and should always be conducted. The type of medication recommended depended mainly on the intensity of CSBD and comorbid sexual and psychiatric disorders. There are few randomised controlled trials. Although no medications carry formal indications for CSBD, selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors and naltrexone currently constitute the most relevant pharmacological treatments for the treatment of CSBD. In cases of CSBD with comorbid paraphilic disorders, hormonal agents may be indicated, and one should refer to previously published guidelines on the treatment of adults with paraphilic disorders. Specific recommendations are also proposed in case of chemsex behaviour associated with CSBD. CONCLUSIONS An algorithm is proposed with different levels of treatment for different categories of patients with CSBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Leo Malandain
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Disorders, University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier) AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Disorders, University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier) AP-HP, Paris, France
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
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22
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Validation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents and sexuality-related correlates. Body Image 2022; 43:193-204. [PMID: 36154978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction has received considerable scientific attention, while research about positive body image has been neglected, particularly among adolescents. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) the factor structure of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) in a large sample of cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language, gender and sexual orientation-based groups, (3) convergent validity with sexuality-related outcomes and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory analysis among 2419 adolescents (Mage=14.6 years, SD=0.62; 52.6% girls) corroborated the proposed one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. The BAS-2 demonstrated adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability. The scale was partially invariant across gender and fully invariant across language and cisgender heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents. Boys (cis and trans) had higher levels of body appreciation than girls (cis and trans), while no significant differences were observed between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The BAS-2 correlated positively with sexual satisfaction and sexual body-esteem as well as negatively with sexual distress. Our findings support the validity and reliability of the BAS-2 in French and English for measuring body appreciation in adolescents.
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Wizła M, Glica A, Gola M, Lewczuk K. The relation of perceived social support to compulsive sexual behavior. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:141-150. [PMID: 36252343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We conducted two studies to investigate the links between perceived social support, problematic pornography use (PPU) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD). In Study 1 (n=807, convenience sample recruited via social media) we collected preliminary data and in Study 2 (n=1526) we checked whether the results replicate in a sample representative of the Polish adult population. In both studies participants completed the Brief Pornography Screen, Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. In Study 1 and 2, general social support was a weak protective factor against CSBD (β = -0.15 and β = -0.10) and PPU (β = -0.12 and β = -0.09 respectively, all p values ≤ .001) adjusting for gender, age, sexual orientation and relationship status. The results for three domains of social support (from friends, significant other and family), however, largely differed between the two studies. In Study 1, perceived friends' support weakly protected against PPU and CSBD symptoms. In Study 2 higher support from friends weakly predicted lower CSBD symptoms among men; and stronger family support predicted lower PPU. Support from a significant other was weakly related to lower CSBD for women in Study 1. The conducted studies provided evidence that perceived social support is a protective factor against problematic sexual behavior; however, its predictive power is limited and further studies are needed to assess the importance of various domains of social support in the development of CSBD and PPU symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Glica
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Gola
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California, San Diego, United States; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Islam MS, Tasnim R, Sujan MSH, Bőthe B, Ferdous MZ, Sikder MT, Siddique MAB, Toma TY, Kamruzzaman S, Sakib MN, Pinky KN, Islam MR, Anter FS, Hossain A, Hossen I, Kraus SW, Potenza MN. Validation and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Bangla Version of the Brief Pornography Screen in Men and Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Briken P, Wiessner C, Štulhofer A, Klein V, Fuß J, Reed GM, Dekker A. Who feels affected by "out of control" sexual behavior? Prevalence and correlates of indicators for ICD-11 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder in the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). J Behav Addict 2022; 11:900-911. [PMID: 36006765 PMCID: PMC9872532 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of indicators consistent with Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD)-defined and operationalized according to the ICD-11 guidelines-in a large (n = 4,633; 50.5% male; 49,5% female) probability-based German national sample. METHODS Participants were asked if they had ever experienced "intense and recurring sexual impulses or sexual urges that I had difficulty controlling and resulted in sexual behavior" over a period of several months. Those who reported this experience were queried about the associated distress. RESULTS Overall, 4.9% of men [95% CI = 3.9-6.1] and 3.0% of women [95% CI = 2.3-3.9] reported experiences consistent with ICD-11 diagnostic requirements for lifetime diagnosis. In the 12 months preceding the study, 3.2% of men [95% CI = 2.4-4.2] and 1.8% of women [95% CI = 1.2-2.5] reported experiences consistent with CSBD requirements. Compared to controls and participants who reported elements of compulsive sexuality but without accompanying distress, strict religious upbringing was most prevalent in the CSBD group. The CSBD group was more likely to view sexual practices like men having sex with men as unacceptable and to report the belief that pornography has negative impacts on their sex life and life in general. Compared to the other two groups, the CSBD group was significantly more likely to have received psychiatric treatment for depression or another mental health problem during the past 12 months. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The current study provides novel and important insights into the prevalence and characteristics of CSBD in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical-Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany,Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 (40) 7410-54564; fax: +49 (40) 7410-56406. E-mail:
| | - Christian Wiessner
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical-Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany,Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Aleksander Štulhofer
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical-Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Fuß
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical-Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany,Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey M. Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arne Dekker
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical-Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Borgogna NC, Kraus SW, Grubbs JB. Military Veterans’ Psychological Distress Associated with Problematic Pornography Viewing. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Borgogna NC, Griffin KR, Grubbs JB, Kraus SW. Understanding Differences in Problematic Pornography Use: Considerations for Gender and Sexual Orientation. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1290-1302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jennings TL, Gleason N, Kraus SW. Assessment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer clients •. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:216-221. [PMID: 35895457 PMCID: PMC9295217 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous debates surround the recent inclusion of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) in the International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.), such as the appropriate classification of this construct and what symptom criteria best capture this syndrome. Although controversy surrounding CSBD abounds, there is general agreement that researchers should examine this syndrome in diverse groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. However, there have been few investigations into how diverse sociocultural contexts may influence the assessment and treatment of CSBD. Therefore, we propose several differential diagnosis considerations when working with sexual and gender diverse clients to avoid CSBD misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Jennings
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Neil Gleason
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shane W. Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Griffiths MD. Disorders due to addictive behaviors: Further issues, debates, and controversies •. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:180-185. [PMID: 35895451 PMCID: PMC9295243 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent papers in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions by Brand et al. (2022), and Sassover and Weinstein (2022) both make interesting additions to the place of behavioral addictions in the more general addictive behaviors field. This commentary discusses some of the further nuances in the debates surrounding whether problematic engagement in social networking, pornography, and buying/shopping should be considered as possible 'disorders due to addictive behaviors' in the ICD-11. Particular emphasis in this commentary is placed on social network use disorder and its delineation. While there is growing evidence that addictions to sex, pornography, social network sites, exercise, work, and buying/shopping may be genuine disorders among a minority of individuals, none of these behaviors is likely to be included in formal psychiatric manuals in the near future until there is more high-quality data on all research fronts (e.g., epidemiological, neurobiological, psychological, and clinical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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30
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Chen L, Jiang X, Wang Q, Bőthe B, Potenza MN, Wu H. The Association between the Quantity and Severity of Pornography Use: A Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:704-719. [PMID: 34723731 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1988500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the quantity of pornography use (QPU, i.e., frequency/time spent on pornography use) has been positively associated with the severity of pornography use (i.e., problematic pornography use, PPU), the magnitudes of relationships have varied across studies. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall relationships and identify potential moderating variables to explain the variation in these associations between QPU and PPU. We performed a literature search for all published and unpublished studies from 1995 to 2020 in major online scientific databases up until December 2020. Sixty-one studies were identified with 82 independent samples involving 74,880 participants. Results indicated that there was a positive, moderate relationship between QPU and PPU (r = 0.34, p < .001). The strength of relationship significantly varied across measures of PPU based on different theoretical frameworks, indicators of QPU, and sexual cultural contexts (conservative vs. permissive sexual values). Frequency was a more robust quantitative indicator of PPU than time spent on pornography use. In conservative countries, QPU showed more robust association with self-perceived PPU. Future studies are encouraged to select the measurement of PPU according to research aims and use multi-item measures with demonstrated content validity to assess pornography use. Cross-cultural (conservative/permissive) comparisons also warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Xiaoliu Jiang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
- Connecticut Mental Health Center
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
| | - Huijuan Wu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University
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31
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Reed GM, First MB, Billieux J, Cloitre M, Briken P, Achab S, Brewin CR, King DL, Kraus SW, Bryant RA. Emerging experience with selected new categories in the ICD-11: complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:189-213. [PMID: 35524599 PMCID: PMC9077619 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the important changes in the ICD-11 is the addition of 21 new mental disorders. New categories are typically proposed to: a) improve the usefulness of morbidity statistics; b) facilitate recognition of a clinically important but poorly classified mental disorder in order to provide appropriate management; and c) stimulate research into more effective treatments. Given the major implications for the field and for World Health Organization (WHO) member states, it is important to examine the impact of these new categories during the early phase of the ICD-11 implementation. This paper focuses on four disorders: complex post-traumatic stress disorder, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. These categories were selected because they have been the focus of considerable activity and/or controversy and because their inclusion in the ICD-11 represents a different decision than was made for the DSM-5. The lead authors invited experts on each of these disorders to provide insight into why it was considered important to add it to the ICD-11, implications for care of not having that diagnostic category, important controversies about adding the disorder, and a review of the evidence generated and other developments related to the category since the WHO signaled its intention to include it in the ICD-11. Each of the four diagnostic categories appears to describe a population with clinically important and distinctive features that had previously gone unrecognized as well as specific treatment needs that would otherwise likely go unmet. The introduction of these categories in the ICD-11 has been followed by a substantial expansion of research in each area, which has generally supported their validity and utility, and by a significant increase in the availability of appropriate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Achab
- Outpatient Treatment Unit for Addictive Behaviors ReConnecte, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychological and Sociological Research and Training Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris R Brewin
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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McKeen BE, Anderson RC, Mitchell DA. Was it Good for You? Gender Differences in Motives and Emotional Outcomes Following Casual Sex. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 26:1339-1359. [PMID: 35194368 PMCID: PMC8853360 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-09946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Casual sex, also referred to as a hookup, has been associated with a range of negative emotional outcomes for women, including regret, anxiety, depression and social stigma. However, it has been argued that it is the nature of the sexual motivation, not gender that influences the emotional outcome. This study was designed to ascertain what motivates people to have casual sex, what emotional outcomes follow casual sex and whether there are gender differences among these variables. Seven hundred and one participants (47% men and 52.8% women) completed a 44-item online survey. Gender differences were found for both sexual motivations and emotional outcomes of casual sex, with women generally having more negative emotional outcomes than men. Additionally, a principal components analysis uncovered four reliable principal motivations underlying engagement in casual sex, and three principal emotional outcomes of casual sex. Predictors of negative emotional outcomes included being motivated to regulate negative emotions and to achieve positive emotions. No predictors (apart from being a man) were found for a positive emotional outcome. While the stigma surrounding female sexual agency is diminishing, results generally support the presence of a sexual double-standard which encourages male promiscuity but dissuades female sexual autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie E. McKeen
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | - Ryan C. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | - David A. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
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Olver ME, Kingston DA, Laverty EK, Seto MC. Psychometric Properties of Common Measures of Hypersexuality in an Online Canadian Sample. J Sex Med 2022; 19:331-346. [PMID: 34987002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersexuality has been posited as the central defining feature of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder, and although the acceptance and inclusion of this construct in psychiatric nosologies provides some legitimacy, concerns surrounding terminology, assessment, and diagnosis remain. AIM The present study was an independent psychometric examination of 2 of the most commonly used measures of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder; specifically, the gender invariance of the latent structure, reliability (test retest, internal consistency), and external correlates (concurrent validity) of these measures. METHODS The Sexual Compulsivity Scale and the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory were completed by 2 nonclinical online community samples of cisgender women (ns = 525 and 359), cisgender men (ns = 419 and 364), and transgender or non-binary individuals (ns = 38 and 11). OUTCOMES Criterion based measures of sexual history and total sexual outlet (number of orgasms per week) were gathered to validate Sexual Compulsivity Scale and Hypersexual Behavior Inventory total and factor scores. RESULTS Results supported the factorial validity of both assessment measures: correlated 3 factor solutions were established through exploratory factor analysis of 1 sample, and confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, conducted on the 2 combined samples, also supported the gender invariance of the 3-factor solutions. Additional basic psychometric indices of test-retest and internal consistency reliability and criterion-related (concurrent) validity conducted across the 2 online samples were supported. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Common measures of hypersexuality have potential for use in its assessment, treatment, and management. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Study strengths include: the inclusion of 2 fairly large and diverse online samples, thorough checks for insufficient effort/validity of responding, validity and reliability methodology (ie, measurement at multiple time points, obtaining behavioral indicators of sexual health), and a comprehensive set of psychometric analyses to inform conclusions regarding the external validity, reliability, and latent structure of hypersexuality measures across gender groups. Study limitations include: potential concerns related to validity and accuracy of responding owing to a reliance on self-report, the potential for selection bias, and limiting the examination of the latent structure of hypersexuality to cisgender men and women such that the results may not generalize to gender diverse populations. CONCLUSION Hypersexuality is a multidimensional construct, with a common latent structure among cisgender men and women, consistency in measurement over time, and meaningful concurrent associations with behavioral criteria that have relevance for sexual health. Olver ME, Kingston DA, Laverty EK, et al. Psychometric Properties of Common Measures of Hypersexuality in an Online Canadian Sample. J Sex Med 2022;19:331-346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olver
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Drew A Kingston
- HOPE Program, San Diego, CA, USA; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Erin K Laverty
- The Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael C Seto
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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34
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Koós M, Fuss J, Klein V, Demetrovics Z, Bőthe B. Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary. J Sex Med 2022; 19:170-181. [PMID: 34906543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are ongoing debates about conflicting models on how to conceptualize compulsive sexual behavior. At the heart of these discussions is the question about the sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior, as different models assume different motivations. AIM The aim of the present study was to understand sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior and their relation to the most prominent conceptualizations of compulsive sexual behavior (eg, compulsive sexual behavior disorder [CSBD], sex addiction). METHODS We used self-reported data from 2 large samples of Hungarian and German populations (N = 9814). The Sexual Motivation Scale (SexMS), a 24-item self-report measure based on self-determination theory, was used to assess a diverse set of sexual motivations. Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed with the 19-item Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19), that is based on the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines of CSBD. We used structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized associations between sexual motivations and compulsive sexual behavior and examined potential gender differences in these associations. OUTCOMES Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed in relation to a set of sexual motivations. RESULTS Amotivation had the strongest positive association with compulsive sexual behavior, but integrated, introjected, and intrinsic motivations were also positively related to it. Importantly, these associations did not differ for women and men, and between the 2 samples. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Future research and treatment should also consider sexual motivations that are not listed among the ICD-11 guidelines for CSBD, including high levels of sexual interest, continuing the behavior despite having little satisfaction from it and coping with sex. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Although we used large samples of general populations in 2 Western countries, this motivational background of compulsive sexual behavior awaits replication in a clinical sample of individuals experiencing CSBD. CONCLUSION The identified sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior are relevant for assessing and treating patients as motivations may be integrated into psychotherapeutic interventions. Koós M, Fuss J, Klein V, et al. Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary. J Sex Med 2022;19:170-181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Koós M, Orosz G, Demetrovics Z, Bőthe B. Present hedonism and future time perspectives predicting hypersexuality and problematic pornography use. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914919. [PMID: 36081467 PMCID: PMC9447492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Time Perspective (TP) theory (i.e., the psychological experience regarding time) was often examined in association with different addictive behaviors, and the different TPs (i.e., Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future TPs) demonstrated different relationship patterns with them. However, most studies were conducted in relation to substance use-related disorders, leaving crucial knowledge gaps concerning the associations between TPs and potential behavioral addictions. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between the five TP dimensions, hypersexuality, and problematic pornography use (PPU), considering potential gender differences. Participants from two independent samples (N1 = 554; N2 = 453) completed a self-report survey on TPs and sexual behaviors. Structural equation modeling results indicated that the Present Hedonistic TP had a positive, moderate, and the Future TP had a negative, weak association with hypersexuality in both samples. Only the Present Hedonistic TP had a significant, positive, weak-to-moderate association with PPU across the samples. The explained variances of the models were higher in case of hypersexuality (28 and 27%, respectively), than in case of PPU (1 and 14%, respectively). No significant gender differences were observed. In line with previous findings concerning other predictors of hypersexuality and PPU, the results of the present study suggest that hypersexuality and PPU may differ from each other in terms of their TP background. Yet, present hedonism, which is related to impulsivity, may play an important role in both problematic sexual behaviors, suggesting that interventions focusing on this TP might be successful in reducing hypersexuality and PPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Université d'Artois, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, France
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Blinka L, Ševčíková A, Dreier M, Škařupová K, Wölfling K. Online Sex Addiction: A Qualitative Analysis of Symptoms in Treatment-Seeking Men. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:907549. [PMID: 35873234 PMCID: PMC9302710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.907549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic sexual internet use has been attracting increasing research attention in recent years. However, there is a paucity of qualitative studies about how this problem manifests on a daily basis in the clinical population and whether the phenomenon should fall within the hypersexual, compulsive-impulsive, or addictive spectrums of disorders. METHODS Twenty-three semi-structured interviews, including AICA-C clinical interviews, were conducted with men who were in treatment for problematic internet sex use (aged 22-53; Mage = 35.82). The interview structure focused on the patterns of sexual behavior in question, their development, the manifestation of symptoms, and other associated psychosocial problems. A thematic analysis was applied as the main analytical strategy. RESULTS Typical problematic patterns included pornography use and cybersex, together with continuous masturbation for several hours several times a week. This pattern emerged relatively early in young adulthood and became persistent for years. The majority of participants fulfilled the criteria for behavioral addiction (as defined, e.g., by the components model of addiction), with loss of control and preoccupation being the most pronounced and withdrawal symptoms being the least. Together with the onset of erectile dysfunction, negative consequences were reported as being slowly built up over years and typically in the form of deep life dissatisfaction, regret, and feelings of unfulfilled potential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The Addiction model is relevant for describing the difficulties in treatment-seeking men who suffer from problematic sexual internet use. However, the manifestations of the additional criteria are nuanced. In the case of negative consequences, their onset might be very slow and not easily reflected. While there was evidence of several forms of tolerance, potential withdrawal symptoms in online sex addiction need further attention to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Dreier
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katerina Škařupová
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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González-Bueso V, Santamaría JJ, Caro-Pérez O, Fernández D, Baño-Alcazar M, Jiménez-Murcia S, Håkansson A, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Ribas J. Compulsive Sexual Behavior Online and Non-online in Adult Male Patients and Healthy Controls: Comparison in Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Personality Variables. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:839788. [PMID: 35592380 PMCID: PMC9110760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.839788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control sexual impulses, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior over a prolonged period that causes marked discomfort in personal, family, social, school, work or in other functional areas. The evolution of the worldwide incidence of this disorder warrants further studies focused on examining the characteristics of the affected people. The purpose of this study was to compare online compulsive sexual behavior (when the problematic sexual practices were online) and non-online compulsive sexual behavior (when the problematic sexual practices were in-person) patients (OCSB and non-OCSB, respectively), and healthy controls in terms of sexual behavior, sociodemographic variables and psychopathology and personality characteristics. METHOD A sample of 80 CSB male patients consecutively admitted to our Behavioral Addictions Unit and 25 healthy male controls, participated in the study. The CSB group was comprised by 36 online CSB patients (mean age 42.25, SD: 10.0) and 44 non-online CSB patients (mean age 43.5, SD: 11.9). Scores on the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Symptom CheckList-90 Items-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Index, and additional demographic, clinical, and social/family variables related to sexual behaviors between the three groups were compared. RESULTS When compared with healthy controls, both clinical groups showed higher psychopathology in all measures as well as higher harm avoidance and self-transcendence and lower self-directness and cooperativeness. When comparing OCSB and non-OCSB patients, results showed that non-OCSB patients exhibited higher prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, higher percentage of homosexual and bisexual orientation and higher scores in anxiety and in sexual impulse control failure. CONCLUSION Both online and non-online CSB patients may experience a variety of comorbid psychological and medical problems. Patients with non-OCSB may suffer more consequences that are negative. Therefore, these results should be considered when designing the most convenient therapeutic approach. Whether sexual orientation plays a role in treatment needs and treatment response in CSB, should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega González-Bueso
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sistema Sanitari Integral d'Utilització Pública de Catalunya (SISCAT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Santamaría
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sistema Sanitari Integral d'Utilització Pública de Catalunya (SISCAT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Caro-Pérez
- CELBIOTECH_Paper Engineering Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research (DEIO), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTec (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Mathematics of UPC - BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Baño-Alcazar
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sistema Sanitari Integral d'Utilització Pública de Catalunya (SISCAT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Malmö Addiction Center, Competence Center Addiction, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ribas
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sistema Sanitari Integral d'Utilització Pública de Catalunya (SISCAT), Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Bőthe B, Baumgartner C, Schaub MP, Demetrovics Z, Orosz G. Hands-off: Feasibility and preliminary results of a two-armed randomized controlled trial of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problematic pornography use. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:1015-1035. [PMID: 34727088 PMCID: PMC8987418 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite problematic pornography use (PPU) being prevalent, no previous study has examined the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions for PPU, using rigorous methods. Using a two-armed randomized controlled trial study design, we examined the feasibility and initial effectiveness of a six-week online PPU intervention. METHODS We recruited 264 participants (3.8% women, M age = 33.2, SD = 10.6) who were randomized and assigned to either the self-help intervention (n = 123) or waitlist control condition (n = 141), and completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and after the end of the intervention (six-week follow-up). Multivariable linear regression models were generated and tested on a complete case basis to investigate possible treatment effects. Participants provided quantitative and qualitative feedback regarding the intervention's content and appearance. RESULTS Participants evaluated all modules positively in the intervention in general. There were differential dropout rates (89.4% in intervention vs. 44.7% in control group) with an overall follow-up rate of 34.5%. The intervention group reported significantly lower levels of PPU (P < 0.001, d = 1.32) at the six-week follow-up. Moreover, they reported lower pornography use frequency (P < 0.001, d = 1.65), self-perceived pornography addiction (P = 0.01, d = 0.85), pornography craving (P = 0.02, d = 0.40), and higher pornography avoidance self-efficacy (P = 0.001, d = 0.87) at the six-week follow-up. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study was only a first step in rigorous treatment studies for PPU, but the findings are promising and suggest that online interventions for PPU might help reduce PPU in some cases, even without the guidance of therapists, by reducing treatment barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF, Associated to the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF, Associated to the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Université d’Artois, Université de Lille, Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Atelier Sherpas, F-62800, Liévin, France
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Ciocca G, Pelligrini F, Mollaioli D, Limoncin E, Sansone A, Colonnello E, Jannini EA, Fontanesi L. Hypersexual behavior and attachment styles in a non-clinical sample: The mediation role of depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:399-405. [PMID: 34246948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypersexuality is a complex behavioral dysfunction concerning the excess of sexual activities. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of attachment styles, post-traumatic and depression symptoms in hypersexual behavior. METHODS We recruited through an online platform a snowball convenience sample of 1025 subjects (females: n=731; 71.3%; males: 294; 28.7%; age: 29.62±10.90) and we administered them a sociodemographic questionnaire, with a psychometric protocol composed by the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) to assess hypersexuality, the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) for the attachment styles, the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to evaluate the trauma and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depression. RESULTS We found a significant and predictive impact of preoccupied and fearful attachment styles on hypersexual behavior (β=.116; p<.0001 and β=.121p<.0001, respectively). The categorical analysis of RQ confirmed also statistically significant differences between secure attachment style with fearful and preoccupied ones in terms of HBI levels (secure=30.01±10.79; preoccupied=35.50±14.46; fearful=36.57±13.50). Moreover, we found that depression symptoms and the total score of ITQ also resulted predictive for hypersexuality (β=.323; p<.0001 and β=.063; p<.04). However, in our model, depression and post-traumatic symptoms played a mediation role between insecure attachment and hypersexual behavior. CONCLUSION This study found a fundamental role of insecure attachment styles, post-traumatic and depression symptoms in the development of problematic sexuality. Hypersexual behavior is related in a causal manner with an insecure attachment style, fearful and preoccupied attachment, particularly. Nevertheless, the traumatic core of personality together with depression symptoms could play a mediation role towards the hypersexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ciocca
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Pelligrini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mollaioli
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Limoncin
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Colonnello
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Bőthe B, Koós M, Nagy L, Kraus SW, Potenza MN, Demetrovics Z. International Sex Survey: Study protocol of a large, cross-cultural collaborative study in 45 countries. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:632-645. [PMID: 34534102 PMCID: PMC8997233 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Limitations of research into sexuality and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) include the use of simplistic methodological designs and the absence of quality and unified measurements, empirically supported theoretical models, and large, collaborative studies between laboratories. We aim to fill these gaps with the International Sex Survey (ISS, http://internationalsexsurvey.org/). METHODS The ISS is a large-scale, international, multi-lab, multi-language study using cross-sectional survey methods, involving more than 40 countries. Participants responding to advertisements complete a self-report, anonymous survey on a secure online platform. Collaborators from each country collect a community sample of adults with a minimum sample size of 2,000 participants with a gender ratio of approximately 50-50% men and women, including diverse individuals with respect to sexuality and gender. The ISS includes a wide range of sociodemographic questions and scales assessing a diverse set of sexual behaviors, pornography use, psychological characteristics, and potential comorbid disorders. Analyses are conducted within a structural equation modeling framework, including variable (e.g., measurement invariance tests) and person-centered approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The ISS will provide well-validated, publicly available screening tools, helping to eliminate significant measurement issues in the field of sexuality research and health care. It will provide important insights to improve the theoretical understanding of CSBD as well as help to identify empirically supported treatment targets for prevention and intervention programs. Following open-science practices and making study materials open-access, the ISS may serve as a blueprint for future large-scale research in addiction and sexuality research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
| | - Mónika Koós
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Léna Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shane W. Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
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41
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Gleason N, Finotelli I, Miner MH, Herbenick D, Coleman E. Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1545-1554. [PMID: 37057439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a clinical syndrome that causes significant distress and impairment for many individuals in the United States. Gay men are thought to have a higher prevalence of CSB, and it is associated with many relevant health outcomes including HIV risk behavior. AIM To estimate the prevalence and examine demographic correlates of CSB among gay men in the United States. METHODS A U.S. national probability sample of 227 gay-identified men were collected as part of the 2015 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB). OUTCOMES Participants completed the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI-13) and demographic measures. RESULTS Eighteen participants (7.93%) scored above the CSBI-13 clinical cut point, indicating they would likely meet criteria for clinically significant compulsive sexual behavior. To assess demographic correlates of CSB, demographic variables were entered into a logistic regression. Results of the logistic regression indicated that participant age, education, and religious affiliation were significant predictors of CSB status. Individuals scoring above the cut point were younger on average (M = 39.17; SD = 14.84) than those scoring below the cut point (M = 47.52; SD = 14.62; P = .02). Odds of scoring above the cut point were about six times greater for religiously affiliated participants compared to non-religiously affiliated participants (P = .005), and four times greater for those who had attended college compared to those who had not (P = .03). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These results indicate the prevalence of CSB in gay men is more modest than previously estimated, and is similar to the general population prevalence estimated in a previous study. The strongest predictor of CSB in this sample was religious affiliation, which underscores the importance of evaluating the role of religiosity in the etiology and/or identification of this clinical syndrome. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS These findings are strengthened by the national probability sampling methodology and the use of the empirically validated CSBI-13 cut point. However, this sample was also older and had higher income and educational attainment than the larger population of gay men in the U.S. CONCLUSION These results indicate gay men may have a CSB prevalence rate similar to the general population, which contradicts previous research suggesting they are at greater risk for CSB. Gleason N, Finotelli I, Miner MH, et al. Estimated Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Gay Men in the United States. J Sex Med 2021;18:1545-1554.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gleason
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Itor Finotelli
- Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael H Miner
- Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Debra Herbenick
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Eli Coleman
- Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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42
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Soraci P, Melchiori FM, Del Fante E, Melchiori R, Guaitoli E, Lagattolla F, Parente G, Bonanno E, Norbiato L, Cimaglia R, Campedelli L, Abbiati FA, Ferrari A, Griffiths MD. Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 21:1-27. [PMID: 34393683 PMCID: PMC8351585 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive problematic sexual behavior in the form of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), hypersexuality (HS), and sex addiction has gained increasing credibility in recent years and has led to the development of various psychometric instruments to assess such behavior. However, there is still considerable controversy over the operational definition of such concepts and whether they can be used interchangeably to describe the behavior. One recently developed tool is the Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) based on the "components model of addiction." The present study validated the Italian version of the BYSAS. The BYSAS was administered to a large Italian-speaking sample of Italian adults [N = 1230, aged 18 to 67 years] along with psychometric instruments assessing the "Big Five" personality traits, self-esteem, depression, and two other measures of addictive sexual behavior (i.e., PATHOS and Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire-Sex Subscale). Confirmatory factorial analysis supported a one-factor solution. Furthermore, the scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.787). The BYSAS was positively associated with extroversion, openness to experience, depression, and problematic sexual behavior, and negatively associated with self-esteem, conscientiousness, emotional stability, agreeableness, and age. Based on the findings, the BYSAS is a brief, psychometrically reliable and valid measure for assessing sex addiction among Italian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Soraci
- Associazione Psicoterapia Cognitivo Comportamentale Di Gruppo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Del Fante
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Torino–UNITO, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Melchiori
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Guaitoli
- Department of General Surgery, Perrino Hospital Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Fulvia Lagattolla
- Servizio Di Psiconcologia, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Parente
- Associazione Matrice Orientamento E Formazione Onlus, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico Bonanno
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Roberta Cimaglia
- Istituto Romano Di Psicoterapia Psicodinamica Integrata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ambra Ferrari
- Department of Human Science for Education, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Bicocca, Milan Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
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43
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Kürbitz LI, Briken P. Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Different in Women Compared to Men? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153205. [PMID: 34361988 PMCID: PMC8348482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11 has sparked research interest on this topic in recent years. This review aims to investigate gender differences in Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CBD) and persons with CSBD. While impulsivity and psychiatric comorbidity play a role in persons with CSBD regardless of gender, some gender differences can be identified. CSBD is more prevalent in men, with a higher rate of reported sexual behaviors and higher scores on questionnaires measuring CSBD related symptoms. Neuroticism and stress vulnerability seem to play a more important role in the symptomatology of CSBD in women. While it seems plausible that childhood adversities play a role in the development of CSB, the manner with respect to how these adversities affect men and women differently is still to be explored. More clinical studies including the female CSBD population are required to infer clinical implications.
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Knight RA, Du R. The Structure, Covariates, and Etiology of Hypersexuality: Implications for Sexual Offending. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:50. [PMID: 34196843 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A substantial increase in research on the structure, covariates, and etiology of hypersexuality has emerged during the last decade. It is the goal of this review to summarize and integrate this research and to indicate some practical implications for clinical and forensic practice, especially as applied to those who have sexually offended. RECENT FINDINGS Studies from the last half-decade converge on the conclusion that hypersexuality has both problematic and high sexual drive components. Both aspects have consistently been found to be distributed dimensionally and not categorically. Each subdimension covaries differentially with specific types of impulsivity. In addition to sexual abuse, psychological or emotional abuse has emerged to be a potent developmental antecedent of hypersexuality. Current research has focused on the problematic dimension of hypersexuality and has neglected to specify the criteria for high sexual drive. Lacking are large-scale representative and clinical samples that provide determination of optimal cutoffs for treatment and dispositional decisions for both dimensions of hypersexuality. Research on the etiology of both aspects of hypersexuality is in its infancy, and more differentiated assessments of developmental abuse histories are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Knight
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA.
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA
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45
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Zhou Y, Liu T, Yan HY, Paul B. Pornography Use, Two Forms of Dehumanization, and Sexual Aggression: Attitudes vs. Behaviors. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:571-590. [PMID: 33988489 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1923598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual objectification is a common pornographic theme. Research shows that sexual objectification leads to the expression of aggressive attitudes and behaviors toward women. Based on a survey study of 320 male participants, this study re-conceptualizes sexual objectification in terms of two forms of dehumanization. Evidence suggests men's pornography use is positively associated with both forms, but mechanistic dehumanization of women is more associated with aggressive attitudes while animalistic dehumanization is more associated with aggressive behaviors. Findings indicate how objectifying pornography use may relate to aggressive attitudes and behaviors and inform the future education campaigns and interventions to reduce sexual aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tuo Liu
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Harry Yaojun Yan
- Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bryant Paul
- Media School, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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46
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Lafortune D, Canivet C, Boislard MA, Godbout N. Validation of a brief French version of the sexual anxiety scale. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although sexual anxiety (SA) is associated with significant sexual and relationship difficulties, to date, we lack brief scales to adequately assess SA. The aim of the present study was to develop a brief and reliable French version of the Sexual Anxiety Scale (SAS) that can be used to screen the manifestations of SA and their severity. A community sample ( n = 576) was recruited to investigate the reliability and validity of the brief form of the scale (SAS-BF). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the original three-factor model (SAS) and on the new, four-factor SAS-BF. Its convergent validity was tested with theoretically relevant correlates (e.g., anxiety, sexual satisfaction). The SAS-BF yielded strong psychometric properties in terms of factor structure and reliability, and was reasonably correlated with associated variables. SAS-BF can be considered a valid short scale to assess SA in studies where a brief form of the questionnaire is desirable or during clinical screening with patients experiencing variable levels of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lafortune
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cloé Canivet
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Aude Boislard
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kircaburun K, Ünübol H, Sayar GH, Çarkçı J, Griffiths MD. Sex addiction in Turkey: A large-scale survey with a national community sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrior studies on sex addiction have mostly relied on a narrow range of risk factors among small and heterogeneous samples. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychological markers related to sex addiction in a large-scale community sample of Turkish adults. A total of 24,380 individuals completed a survey comprising the Sex Addiction Risk Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Personal-Wellbeing Index Adult Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (50% males; mean age = 31.79 years; age range = 18 to 81 years). Utilizing hierarchical regression analysis, sex addiction was associated with being male, being younger, having a lower education level, being single, being an alcohol and nicotine user, psychiatric distress, low personal wellbeing, positive and negative affect, alexithymia, and anxious attachment. This study suggests that socio-demographic factors and aforementioned detrimental psychological factors exacerbate higher engagement in addictive sexual behaviors among the Turkish community. However, more studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with sex addiction in Turkey.
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Bőthe B, Tóth-Király I, Demetrovics Z, Orosz G. The Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6): A Reliable and Valid Measure in General and Treatment-Seeking Populations. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:342-352. [PMID: 31995398 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1716205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, no short scale existed that could assess problematic pornography use (PPU) having a solid theoretical background and strong psychometric properties. Having such a short scale may be advantageous when scarce resources are available and/or when respondents' attention spans are limited. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a short scale that can be utilized to screen for PPU. The Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-18) was used as a basis for the development of a short measure of PPU (PPCS-6). A community sample (N1 = 15,051), a sample of pornography site visitors (N2 = 760), and a sample of treatment-seeking individuals (N3 = 266) were recruited to investigate the reliability and validity of the PPCS-6. Also, its association was tested to theoretically-relevant correlates (e.g., hypersexuality, frequency of masturbation), and a cutoff score was determined. The PPCS-6 yielded strong psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, measurement invariance, reliability, correlated reasonably with the assessed variables, and an optimal cutoff was identified that could reliably distinguish between PPU and non-problematic pornography use. PPCS-6 can be considered as a short, reliable, and valid scale to assess PPU in studies when the length of a questionnaire is essential or when a brief screening for PPU is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University
| | | | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
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Properties of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-18) in community and subclinical samples in China and Hungary. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106591. [PMID: 32768797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several scales assessing problematic pornography use (PPU) are available. However, in most previous studies, primarily nonclinical and Western samples were used to validate these scales. Thus, further research is needed to validate scales to assess problematic pornography use across diverse samples, including subclinical populations. The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the psychometric properties of the PPCS-18 in Hungarian and Chinese community samples and in subclinical men. A sample of Chinese community men (N1 = 695), a sample of subclinical men who were screened for PPU using the Brief Pornography Screen (N2 = 4651), and a sample of Hungarian community men (N3 = 9395) were recruited to investigate the reliability and validity of the PPCS-18. Item-total score correlation, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability, and measurement invariance tests showed that the PPCS-18 yielded strong psychometric properties among Hungarian and Chinese community men and indicated potential utility in the subclinical men. The network analytic approach also corroborates that the six factors of the PPCS-18 can reflect the characteristic of the participants from different cultural contexts, and participants from community and subclinical populations. In sum, the PPCS-18 demonstrated high generalizability across cultures and community and subclinical men.
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50
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Bőthe B, Tóth-Király I, Griffiths MD, Potenza MN, Orosz G, Demetrovics Z. Are sexual functioning problems associated with frequent pornography use and/or problematic pornography use? Results from a large community survey including males and females. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106603. [PMID: 32810799 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is much debate regarding whether pornography use has positive or negative associations with sexuality-related measures such as sexual functioning problems. The present study aimed to examine differential correlates between quantity (frequency of pornography use-FPU) and severity (problematic pornography use-PPU) of pornography use with respect to sexual functioning problems among both males and females. Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate hypothesized associations between PPU, FPU, and sexual functioning problems among males and females (N = 14,581 participants; females = 4,352; 29.8%; Mage=33.6 years, SDage=11.0), controlling for age, sexual orientation, relationship status, and masturbation frequency. The hypothesized model had excellent fit to the data (CFI = 0.962, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.057 [95% CI = 0.056-0.057]). Similar associations were identified in both genders, with all pathways being statistically significant (p < .001). PPU had positive, moderate associations (βmales=0.37, βfemales=0.38), while FPU had negative, weak associations with sexual functioning problems (βmales=-0.17, βfemales=-0.17). Although FPU and PPU had a positive, moderate association, they should be assessed and discussed separately when examining potential associations with sexuality-related outcomes. Given that PPU was positively and moderately and FPU negatively and weakly associated with problems in sexual functioning, it is important to consider both PPU and FPU in relation to sexual functioning problems.
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