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Alvi S, Jayant V, Ali R. Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
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Brits M, Gorst-Allman P, Rohwer ER, De Vos J, de Boer J, Weiss JM. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening of organohalogenated compounds in cat hair. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1536:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Usenko CY, Abel EL, Hopkins A, Martinez G, Tijerina J, Kudela M, Norris N, Joudeh L, Bruce ED. Evaluation of Common Use Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR) Toxicity Using a Zebrafish Embryo Model. TOXICS 2016; 4:E21. [PMID: 29051424 PMCID: PMC5606660 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are used to reduce the flammability of plastics, textiles, and electronics. BFRs vary in their chemical properties and structures, and it is expected that these differences alter their biological interactions and toxicity. Zebrafish were used as the model organism for assessing the toxicity of nine structurally-diverse BFRs. In addition to monitoring for overt toxicity, the rate of spontaneous movement, and acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were assessed following exposure. The toxicities of BFRs tested can be ranked by LC50 as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) < 4,4'-isopropylidenebis[2-(2,6-dibromophenoxyl)ethanol] (TBBPA-OHEE) < Pentabromochlorocyclohexane (PBCH) < 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) < hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) < hexabromobenzene (HBB) < Tetrabromophthalic anhydride (PHT4). No adverse effect was observed in di(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) or dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG)-treated embryos. The rate of spontaneous movement was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner following exposure to four of the nine compounds. GST activity was elevated following treatment with PBCH, TBBPA, HBCD, and HBB. The results indicate that exposure to several BFRs may activate an antioxidant response and alter behavior during early development. Some of the BFRs, such as TBBPA and TBBPA-OHEE, induced adverse effects at concentrations lower than chemicals that are currently banned. These results suggest that zebrafish are sensitive to exposure to BFRs and can be used as a comparative screening model, as well as to determine alterations in behavior following exposure and probe mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Usenko
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Erika L. Abel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Aaron Hopkins
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Gerardo Martinez
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Jonathan Tijerina
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Molly Kudela
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Nick Norris
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Lana Joudeh
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (E.L.A.); (A.H.); (G.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Erica D. Bruce
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
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Balaban N, Bernstein A, Gelman F, Ronen Z. Microbial degradation of the brominated flame retardant TBNPA by groundwater bacteria: laboratory and field study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:367-373. [PMID: 27183339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biodegradation of the brominated flame retardant tribromoneopentylalcohol (TBNPA) by a groundwater enrichment culture was investigated using a dual carbon ((13)C/(12)C)- bromine ((81)Br/(79)Br) stable isotope analysis. An indigenous aerobic bacterial consortium was enriched from the polluted groundwater underlying an industrial site in the northern Negev Desert, Israel, where TBNPA is an abundant pollutant. Aerobic biodegradation was shown to be rapid, with complete debromination within a few days, whereas anaerobic biodegradation was not observed. Biodegradation under aerobic conditions was accompanied by a significant carbon isotope effect with an isotopic enrichment factor of ɛCbulk = -8.8‰ ± 1.5‰, without any detectable bromine isotope fractionation. It was found that molecular oxygen is necessary for biodegradation to occur, suggesting an initial oxidative step. Based on these results, it was proposed that H abstraction from the C-H bond is the first step of TBNPA biodegradation under aerobic conditions, and that the C-H bond cleavage results in the formation of unstable intermediates, which are rapidly debrominated. A preliminary isotopic analysis of TBNPA in the groundwater underlying the industrial area revealed that there are no changes in the carbon and bromine isotope ratio values downstream of the contamination source. Considering that anoxic conditions prevail in the groundwater of the contaminated site, the lack of isotope shifts in TBNPA indicates the lack of TBNPA biodegradation in the groundwater, in accordance with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Balaban
- Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology (EHM), The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology (EHM), The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel.
| | - Zeev Ronen
- Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology (EHM), The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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Du J, Sun P, Feng Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y. The biosorption capacity of biochar for 4-bromodiphengl ether: study of its kinetics, mechanism, and use as a carrier for immobilized bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3770-3780. [PMID: 26498816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are known as ubiquitous pollutants in ecological systems and thus pose a great threat to the health of humans and other organisms due to their bioamplification and bioaccumulation along the food chain. The present study was designed to investigate the biosorption capacity of biochar for the removal of 4-monobromodiphengl ether and its synergistic effect when used as a carrier to immobilize the 4-monobromodiphengl ether-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. DZ3. The raw biochar material was prepared by pyrolyzing maize straw at 350 °C under oxygen-limited conditions. The maximum biosorption capacity of biochar for 4-bromodiphengl ether was determined to be 50.23 mg/L under an initial concentration of 800 mg/L at pH 7.0 and 40 °C. The data obtained from the biosorption studies were fitted successfully with the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The Weber-Morris model analysis indicated that intraparticle diffusion was the limiting step in the biosorption of 4-bromodiphengl ether onto the biosorbent. The values of thermodynamic parameters △G0 were calculated as -24.61 kJ/mol (20 °C), -24.35 kJ/mol (30 °C), and -23.98 kJ/mol (40 °C), △S(0) was -8.45 kJ/mol/K, and △H(0) was 21.36 kJ/mol. The artificial neural network analysis indicated that the initial concentration appeared to be the most influential parameter on the biosorption processes. The removal rate of 4-bromodiphengl ether achieved using the biochar-microorganism system was increased by 63 and 83% compared with the rates obtained with biochar and the strain individually, respectively. The morphology of the biochar and immobilized strain was determined using a scanning electron microscope, and information of the surface functional groups of biochar was obtained through an infrared spectra study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Du
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin an, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin an, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Zangi-Kotler M, Ben-Dov E, Tiehm A, Kushmaro A. Microbial community structure and dynamics in a membrane bioreactor supplemented with the flame retardant dibromoneopentyl glycol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17615-17624. [PMID: 26146373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of widely used compounds that, due to their limited biodegradability, exhibit excessive persistence in the environment. The persistence and high toxicity of these compounds to the natural biota causes great environmental concern. We investigated the biodegradation of the BFR dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) under continuous culture conditions using a miniature membrane bioreactor (mMBR) to assess its feasibility as a bioremediation approach. This system demonstrated long-term, stable biodegradation of DBNPG (>90 days), with an average removal rate of about 50%. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the microorganisms involved in this process revealed the dominance of reads affiliated with the genus Brevundimonas of the Alphaproteobacteria class during the different mMBR operational stages. The bacterial community was also dominated by reads affiliated with the Sinorhizobium and Sphingopyxis genera within the Alphaproteobacteria class and the Sediminibacterium genus of the Sphingobacteria class. Real-time PCR used to analyze possible changes in the population dynamics of these four dominant groups revealed their consistent presence throughout the long-term mMBR biodegradation activity. Two genera, Brevundimonas and Sphingopyxis, were found to increase in abundance during the acclimation period and then remained relatively stable, forming the main parts of the consortium over the prolonged active stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Zangi-Kotler
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eitan Ben-Dov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Achva Academic College, 7980400, M.P. Shikmim, Israel
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kozell A, Yecheskel Y, Balaban N, Dror I, Halicz L, Ronen Z, Gelman F. Application of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis for investigating abiotic transformations of tribromoneopentyl alcohol (TBNPA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4433-4440. [PMID: 25723316 DOI: 10.1021/es504887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many of polybrominated organic compounds, used as flame retardant additives, belong to the group of persistent organic pollutants. Compound-specific isotope analysis is one of the potential analytical tools for investigating their fate in the environment. However, the isotope effects associated with transformations of brominated organic compounds are still poorly explored. In the present study, we investigated carbon and bromine isotope fractionation during degradation of tribromoneopentyl alcohol (TBNPA), one of the widely used flame retardant additives, in three different chemical processes: transformation in aqueous alkaline solution (pH 8); reductive dehalogenation by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) in anoxic conditions; oxidative degradation by H2O2 in the presence of CuO nanoparticles (nCuO). Two-dimensional carbon-bromine isotope plots (δ(13)C/Δ(81)Br) for each reaction gave different process-dependent isotope slopes (Λ(C/Br)): 25.2 ± 2.5 for alkaline hydrolysis (pH 8); 3.8 ± 0.5 for debromination in the presence of nZVI in anoxic conditions; ∞ in the case of catalytic oxidation by H2O2 with nCuO. The obtained isotope effects for both elements were generally in agreement with the values expected for the suggested reaction mechanisms. The results of the present study support further applications of dual carbon-bromine isotope analysis as a tool for identification of reaction pathway during transformations of brominated organic compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozell
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yinon Yecheskel
- §Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Balaban
- ∥Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Ishai Dror
- §Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ludwik Halicz
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
- ⊥Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Zeev Ronen
- ∥Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- †Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
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Shih YH, Chou HL, Peng YH. Microbial degradation of 4-monobrominated diphenyl ether with anaerobic sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:341-346. [PMID: 22370205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardant additives for many plastic and electronic products. Owing to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment, multiple toxicity to humans, and increasing accumulation in the environment, the fate of PBDEs is of serious concern for public safety. In this study, the degradation of 4-monobrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-3) in anaerobic sludge and the effect of carbon source addition were investigated. BDE-3 can be degraded by two different anaerobic sludge samples. The by-products, diphenyl ether (DE) and bromide ions, were monitored, indicating the reaction of debromination within these anaerobic samples. Co-metabolism with glucose facilitated BDE-3 biodegradation in terms of kinetics and efficiency in the Jhongsing sludge. Through the pattern of amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments in denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the composition of the microbial community was analyzed. Most of the predominant microbes were novel species. The fragments enriched in BDE-3-degrading anaerobic sludge samples are presumably Clostridium sp. This enrichment coincides with the H(2) gas generation and the facilitation of debromination during the degradation process. Findings of this study provide better understanding of the biodegradation of brominated DEs and can facilitate the prediction of the fate of PBDEs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Segev O, Kushmaro A, Brenner A. Environmental impact of flame retardants (persistence and biodegradability). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:478-91. [PMID: 19440395 PMCID: PMC2672362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flame-retardants (FR) are a group of anthropogenic environmental contaminants used at relatively high concentrations in many applications. Currently, the largest market group of FRs is the brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Many of the BFRs are considered toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative. Bioremediation of contaminated water, soil and sediments is a possible solution for the problem. However, the main problem with this approach is the lack of knowledge concerning appropriate microorganisms, biochemical pathways and operational conditions facilitating degradation of these chemicals at an acceptable rate. This paper reviews and discusses current knowledge and recent developments related to the environmental fate and impact of FRs in natural systems and in engineered treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Segev
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.Box 653, Be’er-Sheva, 84105, Israel; E-Mails:
(O. S.);
(A. B.)
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.Box 653, Be’er-Sheva, 84105, Israel
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed;
; Tel.: 972-8-6479024; Fax: 972-8-6472983
| | - Asher Brenner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.Box 653, Be’er-Sheva, 84105, Israel; E-Mails:
(O. S.);
(A. B.)
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