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Shoham S, Keren R, Lavy A, Polishchuk I, Pokroy B, Ilan M. Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge Theonella conica. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3923. [PMID: 39018411 PMCID: PMC466961 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge Theonella conica accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of Zanzibar, Indian Ocean. The element is found in various sponge body fractions and correlates to selenium. We further investigated the microbial composition of the sponge and compared it to its more studied congener, Theonella swinhoei. Our analysis illuminates the symbiotic bacterium Entotheonella sp. and its role in molybdenum accumulation. Through microscopic and analytical methods, we provide evidence of intracellular spheres within Entotheonella sp. that exhibit high molybdenum content, further unraveling the intricate mechanisms behind molybdenum accumulation in this sponge species and its significance in the broader context of molybdenum biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Shoham
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ray Keren
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Lavy
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Micha Ilan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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2
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Scuvée D, Goñi-Urriza M, Tessier E, Gassie C, Ranchou-Peyruse M, Amouroux D, Guyoneaud R, Khalfaoui-Hassani B. Molybdate inhibits mercury methylation capacity of Pseudodesulfovibrio hydrargyri BerOc1 regardless of the growth metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42686-42697. [PMID: 38878247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Molybdate inhibits sulfate respiration in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). It is used as an inhibitor to indirectly evaluate the role of SRB in mercury methylation in the environment. Here, the SRB Pseudodesulfovibrio hydrargyri BerOc1 was used to assess the effect of molybdate on cell growth and mercury methylation under various metabolic conditions. Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA was used as the non-SRB counterpart strain with the ability to methylate mercury. While PCA growth and methylation are not affected by molybdate, 1 mM of molybdate inhibits BerOc1 growth under sulfate respiration (50% inhibition) but also under fumarate respiration (complete inhibition). Even more surprising, mercury methylation of BerOc1 is totally inhibited at 0.1 mM of molybdate when grown under sulfate or fumarate respiration with pyruvate as the electron donor. As molybdate is expected to reduce cellular ATP level, the lower Hg methylation observed with pyruvate could be the consequence of lower energy production. Although molybdate alters the expression of hgcA (mercury methylation marker) and sat (involved in sulfate reduction and molybdate sensitivity) in a metabolism-dependent manner, no relationship with mercury methylation rates could be found. Our results show, for the first time, a specific mercury methylation inhibition by molybdate in SRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Scuvée
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Marisol Goñi-Urriza
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Claire Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | | | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
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3
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Baker IR, Girguis PR. Sulfur cycling likely obscures dynamic biologically-driven iron redox cycling in contemporary methane seep environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13263. [PMID: 38705733 PMCID: PMC11070330 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea methane seeps are amongst the most biologically productive environments on Earth and are often characterised by stable, low oxygen concentrations and microbial communities that couple the anaerobic oxidation of methane to sulfate reduction or iron reduction in the underlying sediment. At these sites, ferrous iron (Fe2+) can be produced by organoclastic iron reduction, methanotrophic-coupled iron reduction, or through the abiotic reduction by sulfide produced by the abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria at these sites. The prevalence of Fe2+in the anoxic sediments, as well as the availability of oxygen in the overlying water, suggests that seeps could also harbour communities of iron-oxidising microbes. However, it is unclear to what extent Fe2+ remains bioavailable and in solution given that the abiotic reaction between sulfide and ferrous iron is often assumed to scavenge all ferrous iron as insoluble iron sulfides and pyrite. Accordingly, we searched the sea floor at methane seeps along the Cascadia Margin for microaerobic, neutrophilic iron-oxidising bacteria, operating under the reasoning that if iron-oxidising bacteria could be isolated from these environments, it could indicate that porewater Fe2+ can persist is long enough for biology to outcompete pyritisation. We found that the presence of sulfate in our enrichment media muted any obvious microbially-driven iron oxidation with most iron being precipitated as iron sulfides. Transfer of enrichment cultures to sulfate-depleted media led to dynamic iron redox cycling relative to abiotic controls and sulfate-containing cultures, and demonstrated the capacity for biogenic iron (oxyhydr)oxides from a methane seep-derived community. 16S rRNA analyses revealed that removing sulfate drastically reduced the diversity of enrichment cultures and caused a general shift from a Gammaproteobacteria-domainated ecosystem to one dominated by Rhodobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria). Our data suggest that, in most cases, sulfur cycling may restrict the biological "ferrous wheel" in contemporary environments through a combination of the sulfur-adapted sediment-dwelling ecosystems and the abiotic reactions they influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R. Baker
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Peter R. Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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4
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Wan H, Wang G, Zhang T, Xu Z, Liu H. Bacterial adhesion and corrosion behavior of different pure metals induced by sulfate reducing bacteria. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:333-347. [PMID: 38836545 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2357308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The corrosion behaviors of four pure metals (Fe, Ni, Mo and Cr) in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were investigated in enriched artificial seawater (EASW) after 14-day incubation. Metal Fe and metal Ni experienced weight losses of 1.96 mg cm-2 and 1.26 mg cm-2, respectively. In contrast, metal Mo and metal Cr exhibited minimal weight losses, with values of only 0.05 mg cm-2 and 0.03 mg cm-2, respectively. In comparison to Mo (2.2 × 106 cells cm-2) or Cr (1.4 × 106 cells cm-2) surface, the sessile cell counts on Fe (4.0 × 107 cells cm-2) or Ni (3.1 × 107 cells cm-2) surface was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tiansui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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5
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Jespersen M, Wagner T. Assimilatory sulfate reduction in the marine methanogen Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01398-8. [PMID: 37277534 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus is the only known methanogen that grows on sulfate as its sole sulfur source, uniquely uniting methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Here we use physiological, biochemical and structural analyses to provide a snapshot of the complete sulfate reduction pathway of this methanogenic archaeon. We find that later steps in this pathway are catalysed by atypical enzymes. PAPS (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) released by APS kinase is converted into sulfite and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) by a PAPS reductase that is similar to the APS reductases of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. A non-canonical PAP phosphatase then hydrolyses PAP. Finally, the F420-dependent sulfite reductase converts sulfite to sulfide for cellular assimilation. While metagenomic and metatranscriptomic studies suggest that the sulfate reduction pathway is present in several methanogens, the sulfate assimilation pathway in M. thermolithotrophicus is distinct. We propose that this pathway was 'mix-and-matched' through the acquisition of assimilatory and dissimilatory enzymes from other microorganisms and then repurposed to fill a unique metabolic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jespersen
- Microbial Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tristan Wagner
- Microbial Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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6
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Rios-Valenciana EE, Menezes O, Romero J, Blubaum C, Krzmarzick MJ, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA. Elucidating the mechanisms associated with the anaerobic biotransformation of the emerging contaminant nitroguanidine. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119496. [PMID: 36535085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitroguanidine (NQ) is a constituent of gas generators for automobile airbags, smokeless pyrotechnics, insecticides, propellants, and new insensitive munitions formulations applied by the military. During its manufacture and use, NQ can easily spread in soils, ground, and surface waters due to its high aqueous solubility. Very little is known about the microbial biotransformation of NQ. This study aimed to elucidate important mechanisms operating during NQ anaerobic biotransformation. To achieve this goal, we developed an anaerobic enrichment culture able to reduce NQ to nitrosoguanidine (NsoQ), which was further abiotically transformed to cyanamide. Effective electron donors for NQ biotransformation were lactate and, to a lesser extent, pyruvate. The results demonstrate that the enrichment process selected a sulfate-reducing culture that utilized lactate as its electron donor and sulfate as its electron acceptor while competing with NQ as an electron sink. A unique property of the culture was its requirement for exogenous nitrogen (e.g., from yeast extract or NH4Cl) for NQ biotransformation since NQ itself did not serve as a nitrogen source. The main phylogenetic groups associated with the NQ-reducing culture were sulfate-reducing and fermentative bacteria, namely Cupidesulfovibrio oxamicus (63.1% relative abundance), Dendrosporobacter spp. (12.0%), and Raoultibacter massiliens (10.9%). The molecular ecology results corresponded to measurable physiological properties of the most abundant members. The results establish the conditions for NQ anaerobic biotransformation and the microbial community associated with the process, improving our present comprehension of NQ environmental fate and assisting the development of NQ remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Rios-Valenciana
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Osmar Menezes
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Corey Blubaum
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Mark J Krzmarzick
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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7
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Bärenstrauch M, Vanhove AS, Allégra S, Peuble S, Gallice F, Paran F, Lavastre V, Girardot F. Microbial diversity and geochemistry of groundwater impacted by steel slag leachates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156987. [PMID: 35772557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand long-term impacts of steel slag material on aquifer geochemistry and microbial communities, we conducted four sampling campaigns in the Gier alluvial groundwater (Loire, France). In its northern part, the aquifer flows under a 200,000 m3 steel slag exhibiting high levels of chromium and molybdenum. Geochemical analyses of the water table revealed the existence of water masses with different chemical signatures. They allowed us to identify an area particularly contaminated by leachates from the slag heap, whatever the sampling period. Water samples from this area were compared to non-contaminated samples, with geochemical characteristics similar to the river samples. To follow changes in microbial communities, the V3-V4 region of 16 s rRNA gene was sequenced. Overall, we observed lower diversity indices in contaminated areas, with higher relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Myxococcota phyla, while several Proteobacteria orders exhibited lower relative abundances. In particular, one single genus among the Verrucomicrobiota, Candidatus Omnitrophus, represented up to 36 % of total taxon abundance in areas affected by steel slag leachates. A large proportion of taxa identified in groundwater were also detected in the upstream river, indicating strong river-groundwater interactions. Our findings pave the way for future research work on C. Omnitrophus remediation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bärenstrauch
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Audrey S Vanhove
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Séverine Allégra
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Steve Peuble
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Gallice
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Paran
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Véronique Lavastre
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre Planètes Environnement LGL-TPE, CNRS -UMR 5276, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Françoise Girardot
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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8
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Zhang L, Philben M, Taş N, Johs A, Yang Z, Wullschleger SD, Graham DE, Pierce EM, Gu B. Unravelling biogeochemical drivers of methylmercury production in an Arctic fen soil and a bog soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118878. [PMID: 35085651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arctic tundra soils store a globally significant amount of mercury (Hg), which could be transformed to the neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) upon warming and thus poses serious threats to the Arctic ecosystem. However, our knowledge of the biogeochemical drivers of MeHg production is limited in these soils. Using substrate addition (acetate and sulfate) and selective microbial inhibition approaches, we investigated the geochemical drivers and dominant microbial methylators in 60-day microcosm incubations with two tundra soils: a circumneutral fen soil and an acidic bog soil, collected near Nome, Alaska, United States. Results showed that increasing acetate concentration had negligible influences on MeHg production in both soils. However, inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) completely stalled MeHg production in the fen soil in the first 15 days, whereas addition of sulfate in the low-sulfate bog soil increased MeHg production by 5-fold, suggesting prominent roles of SRB in Hg(II) methylation. Without the addition of sulfate in the bog soil or when sulfate was depleted in the fen soil (after 15 days), both SRB and methanogens contributed to MeHg production. Analysis of microbial community composition confirmed the presence of several phyla known to harbor microorganisms associated with Hg(II) methylation in the soils. The observations suggest that SRB and methanogens were mainly responsible for Hg(II) methylation in these tundra soils, although their relative contributions depended on the availability of sulfate and possibly syntrophic metabolisms between SRB and methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Michael Philben
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Neslihan Taş
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
| | - Alexander Johs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ziming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David E Graham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Eric M Pierce
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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9
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Banker RMW, Lipovac J, Stachowicz JJ, Gold DA. Sodium molybdate does not inhibit sulfate-reducing bacteria but increases shell growth in the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262939. [PMID: 35139090 PMCID: PMC8827440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on microbe-host interactions has revealed an important nexus between the environment, microbiome, and host fitness. Marine invertebrates that build carbonate skeletons are of particular interest in this regard because of predicted effects of ocean acidification on calcified organisms, and the potential of microbes to buffer these impacts. Here we investigate the role of sulfate-reducing bacteria, a group well known to affect carbonate chemistry, in Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) shell formation. We reared oyster larvae to 51 days post fertilization and exposed organisms to control and sodium molybdate conditions, the latter of which is thought to inhibit bacterial sulfate reduction. Contrary to expectations, we found that sodium molybdate did not uniformly inhibit sulfate-reducing bacteria in oysters, and oysters exposed to molybdate grew larger shells over the experimental period. Additionally, we show that microbiome composition, host gene expression, and shell size were distinct between treatments earlier in ontogeny, but became more similar by the end of the experiment. Although additional testing is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms, our work provides preliminary evidence that M. gigas is capable of regulating microbiome dysbiosis caused by environmental perturbations, which is reflected in shell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne M. W. Banker
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Lipovac
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Gold
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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10
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Voskuhl L, Brusilova D, Brauer VS, Meckenstock RU. Inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria with formate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6510814. [PMID: 35040992 PMCID: PMC8831227 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite hostile environmental conditions, microbial communities have been found in µL-sized water droplets enclosed in heavy oil of the Pitch Lake, Trinidad. Some droplets showed high sulfate concentrations and surprisingly low relative abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a previous study. Hence, we investigated here whether sulfate reduction might be inhibited naturally. Ion chromatography revealed very high formate concentrations around 2.37 mM in 21 out of 43 examined droplets. Since these concentrations were unexpectedly high, we performed growth experiments with the three sulfate-reducing type strains Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfobacter curvatus, and Desulfococcus multivorans, and tested the effects of 2.5, 8 or 10 mM formate on sulfate reduction. Experiments demonstrated that 8 or 10 mM formate slowed down the growth rate of D. vulgaris and D. curvatus and the sulfate reduction rate of D. curvatus and D. multivorans. Concerning D. multivorans, increasing formate concentrations delayed the onsets of growth and sulfate reduction, which were even inhibited completely while formate was added constantly. Contrary to previous studies, D. multivorans was the only organism capable of formate consumption. Our study suggests that formate accumulates in the natural environment of the water droplets dispersed in oil and that such levels are very likely inhibiting sulfate-reducing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Voskuhl
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Faculty of Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB) - Aquatic Microbiology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - D Brusilova
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Faculty of Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB) - Aquatic Microbiology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - V S Brauer
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Faculty of Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB) - Aquatic Microbiology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - R U Meckenstock
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Faculty of Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB) - Aquatic Microbiology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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11
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Torun F, Hostins B, De Schryver P, Boon N, De Vrieze J. Molybdate effectively controls sulphide production in a shrimp pond model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111797. [PMID: 34339704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of shrimp is often performed in earthen outdoor ponds in which the high input of feed and faeces on the bottom can result in deterioration of the water quality, which negatively impacts the animals and the environment. Here, we investigate the potential of sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3·1.5H2O2) to control sulphide production in a simulated shrimp pond bottom system that included the sediment, overlaying artificial seawater and organic matter input in the form of shrimp feed and shrimp faeces. Sediment depth gradient measurements of oxygen, H2S and pH were obtained during 7 days of incubation using microelectrodes. The most significant impact in terms of H2S, was observed for 50 mg/L sodium molybdate. At the water-sediment interface, there was up to 73% less H2S detected for this treatment in comparison to a control treatment, while in the deeper layers of the sediment it was up to 47% less H2S. The residual sulphate concentrations in the molybdate treated samples were 16 ± 4% higher than the control, indicating an inhibition in sulphate reduction. Nitrate and sodium percarbonate treatments also showed a limited capacity to decrease H2S entering in the water column, yet no clear difference in H2S concentrations in the sediment compared to the control were observed. Molybdate treatment appears to work through the inhibition of sulphate reducing bacteria in situ for the control of H2S production better than the chemical oxygen boosters or nitrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Torun
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium; Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, PO box, 2411, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, Reactor Engineering and Safety (CREaS), Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO box, 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Vieto S, Rojas-Gätjens D, Jiménez JI, Chavarría M. The potential of Pseudomonas for bioremediation of oxyanions. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:773-789. [PMID: 34369104 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-metal, metal and metalloid oxyanions occur naturally in minerals and rocks of the Earth's crust and are mostly found in low concentrations or confined in specific regions of the planet. However, anthropogenic activities including urban development, mining, agriculture, industrial activities and new technologies have increased the release of oxyanions to the environment, which threatens the sustainability of natural ecosystems, in turn affecting human development. For these reasons, the implementation of new methods that could allow not only the remediation of oxyanion contaminants but also the recovery of valuable elements from oxyanions of the environment is imperative. From this perspective, the use of microorganisms emerges as a strategy complementary to physical, mechanical and chemical methods. In this review, we discuss the opportunities that the Pseudomonas genus offers for the bioremediation of oxyanions, which is derived from its specialized central metabolism and the high number of oxidoreductases present in the genomes of these bacteria. Finally, we review the current knowledge on the transport and metabolism of specific oxyanions in Pseudomonas species. We consider that the Pseudomonas genus is an excellent starting point for the development of biotechnological approaches for the upcycling of oxyanions into added-value metal and metalloid byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Vieto
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - José I Jiménez
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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13
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Roth S, Poulin BA, Baumann Z, Liu X, Zhang L, Krabbenhoft DP, Hines ME, Schaefer JK, Barkay T. Nutrient Inputs Stimulate Mercury Methylation by Syntrophs in a Subarctic Peatland. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741523. [PMID: 34675906 PMCID: PMC8524442 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change dramatically impacts Arctic and subarctic regions, inducing shifts in wetland nutrient regimes as a consequence of thawing permafrost. Altered hydrological regimes may drive changes in the dynamics of microbial mercury (Hg) methylation and bioavailability. Important knowledge gaps remain on the contribution of specific microbial groups to methylmercury (MeHg) production in wetlands of various trophic status. Here, we measured aqueous chemistry, potential methylation rates (kmeth), volatile fatty acid (VFA) dynamics in peat-soil incubations, and genetic potential for Hg methylation across a groundwater-driven nutrient gradient in an interior Alaskan fen. We tested the hypotheses that (1) nutrient inputs will result in increased methylation potentials, and (2) syntrophic interactions contribute to methylation in subarctic wetlands. We observed that concentrations of nutrients, total Hg, and MeHg, abundance of hgcA genes, and rates of methylation in peat incubations (kmeth) were highest near the groundwater input and declined downgradient. hgcA sequences near the input were closely related to those from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanogens, and syntrophs. Hg methylation in peat incubations collected near the input source (FPF2) were impacted by the addition of sulfate and some metabolic inhibitors while those down-gradient (FPF5) were not. Sulfate amendment to FPF2 incubations had higher kmeth relative to unamended controls despite no effect on kmeth from addition of the sulfate reduction inhibitor molybdate. The addition of the methanogenic inhibitor BES (25 mM) led to the accumulation of VFAs, but unlike molybdate, it did not affect Hg methylation rates. Rather, the concurrent additions of BES and molybdate significantly decreased kmeth, suggesting a role for interactions between SRB and methanogens in Hg methylation. The reduction in kmeth with combined addition of BES and molybdate, and accumulation of VFA in peat incubations containing BES, and a high abundance of syntroph-related hgcA sequences in peat metagenomes provide evidence for MeHg production by microorganisms growing in syntrophy. Collectively the results suggest that wetland nutrient regimes influence the activity of Hg methylating microorganisms and, consequently, Hg methylation rates. Our results provide key information about microbial Hg methylation and methylating communities under nutrient conditions that are expected to become more common as permafrost soils thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Roth
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Brett A Poulin
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zofia Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - David P Krabbenhoft
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Mercury Research Laboratory, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Mark E Hines
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jeffra K Schaefer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Tamar Barkay
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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14
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Ma C, Gong C. Expression, Purification and Characterization of a ZIP Family Transporter from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Protein J 2021; 40:776-785. [PMID: 34101092 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ZIP family transport zinc ions from the extracellular medium across the plasma membrane or from the intracellular compartments across endomembranes, which play fundamental roles in metal homeostasis and are broadly involved in physiological and pathological processes. Desulfovibrio is the predominant sulphate-reducing bacteria in human colonic microbiota, but also a potential choice for metal bioremediation. while, there are no published studies describing the zinc transporters from Desulfovibrio up to now. In this study, we obtained for the first time a heterologously expressed ZIP homolog from Desulfovibrio vulgaris, termed dvZip. The purified dvZip was reconstituted into proteoliposomes, and confirmed its zinc transport ability in vitro. By combining topology prediction, homology modeling and phylogenetic approaches, we also noticed that dvZip belongs to the GufA and probably have 8 transmembrane α-helical segments (TM 1-8) in which both termini are located on the extracellular, with TM2, 4, 5 and 7 create an inner bundle. We believe that purification and characterization of zinc (probably also cadmium) transporters from Desulfovibrio vulgaris such as dvZip could shed light on understanding of metal homeostasis of Desulfovibrio and provided protein products for future detailed function and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- Protein Facility, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Caixia Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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15
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Mahle R, Mandal D, Kumbhakar P, Chandra A, Tiwary CS, Banerjee R. A study of microbially fabricated bio-conjugated quantum dots for pico-molar sensing of H 2O 2 and glucose. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:157-166. [PMID: 33084629 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) as bio-detectors have been intensively explored owing to their size dependent optical properties and are still envisioned to be used in a plethora of biomedical and healthcare areas. However, the medical application of the biosensors demands the ultrasensitive detection of the analytes, which is usually limited for the conventional methods of colorimetric and fluorescence detection. The Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) process, exploited by QDs, translates the close association between the analyte and the detector into optical properties and thus promises the effective detection of biomolecules. FRET based detection systems for biomolecules utilize surface-functionalized QDs which are usually modified post production using different organic groups. In this work, a novel protocol was formulated to produce bio-functionalized QDs with controlled chemical and optical characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the first-ever biological green synthesis of MoS2 QDs using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bio-functionalized QDs show green luminescence with a quantum yield of 42%, supporting their application as an optical sensor. These QDs are utilized to detect the pico-molar concentration of glucose, which makes them ideal for early diabetes detection and many biomedical applications. Also, the ability to sense pico-molar levels of H2O2 opens the path for its utilization in apprehending the plant signaling pathways under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddhy Mahle
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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16
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Wang Y, Roth S, Schaefer JK, Reinfelder JR, Yee N. Production of methylmercury by methanogens in mercury contaminated estuarine sediments. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:6006876. [PMID: 33242089 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are known to produce neurotoxic methylmercury [MeHg] when elemental mercury [Hg(0)] is provided as the sole mercury source. In this study, we examined the formation of MeHg in anaerobic incubations of sediment collected from the San Jacinto River estuary (Texas, USA) amended with aqueous Hg(0) to investigate the microbial communities involved in the conversion of Hg(0) to MeHg. The results show that the addition of the methanogen inhibitor 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) significantly decreased MeHg production. The mercury methylation gene, hgcA, was detected in these sediments using archaeal specific primers, and 16S rRNA sequencing showed that a member of the Methanosarcinaceae family of methanogens was active. These results suggest that methanogenic archaea play an underappreciated role in the production of MeHg in estuarine sediments contaminated with Hg(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 14 College Farm Road, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Spencer Roth
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 14 College Farm Road, NJ 08901, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 76 Lipman Drive, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jeffra K Schaefer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 14 College Farm Road, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John R Reinfelder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 14 College Farm Road, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nathan Yee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 14 College Farm Road, NJ 08901, USA
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17
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INTERACTION OF OBLIGATE ANAEROBIC DESTROYER OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE Clostridium butyricum GMP1 WITH SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS OF TOXIC METALS Cr(VI), Mo(VI) AND W(VI). BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing pollution of environment by toxic metals is the urgent problem requiring effective solution worldwide. The goal of the work was to study the dynamics of the interaction of Cr(VI), Mo(VI), W(VI) compounds with obligate anaerobic microorganisms Clostridium butyricum GMP1, which ferment organic compounds with the synthesis of hydrogen. The standard methods were used to determine рН and redox potential (Eh), the gas composition, and the concentration of metals. The application Clostridium butyricum GMP1 was showed to be useful to investigate its interaction with toxic metals. The higher redox potential of metal provided the opportunity for its faster and more effective reduction. The patterns of the reduction of toxic metals Cr(VI), Mo(VI) and W(VI) by obligate anaerobic strain Clostridium butyricum GMP1 were obtained. The experimental data confirmed the thermodynamically calculated correlation between the redox potential of the metal reduction to insoluble form and effectiveness of its removal. Obtained results can serve as the basis for further optimization and development of environmental biotechnologies for wastewater treatment with the simultaneous destruction of solid organic waste and hydrogen synthesis.
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18
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Löffler M, Kümmel S, Vogt C, Richnow HH. H 2 Kinetic Isotope Fractionation Superimposed by Equilibrium Isotope Fractionation During Hydrogenase Activity of D. vulgaris Strain Miyazaki. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1545. [PMID: 31354654 PMCID: PMC6636216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined 2H stable isotope fractionation at natural abundances associated with hydrogenase activity by whole cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Miyazaki F expressing a NiFe(Se) hydrogenase. Inhibition of sulfate reduction by molybdate inhibited the overall oxidation of hydrogen but still facilitated an equilibrium isotope exchange reaction with water. The theoretical equilibrium isotope exchange δ2H-values of the chemical exchange reaction were identical to the hydrogenase reaction, as confirmed using three isotopically different waters with δ2H-values of – 62, +461, and + 1533‰. Expected kinetic isotope fractionation of hydrogen oxidation by non-inhibited cells was also superimposed by an equilibrium isotope exchange. The isotope effects were solely catalyzed biotically as hydrogen isotope signatures did not change in control experiments without cells of D. vulgaris Miyazaki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Löffler
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Qian Z, Tianwei H, Mackey HR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Guanghao C. Recent advances in dissimilatory sulfate reduction: From metabolic study to application. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:162-181. [PMID: 30508713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are a group of diverse anaerobic microorganisms omnipresent in natural habitats and engineered environments that use sulfur compounds as the electron acceptor for energy metabolism. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR)-based techniques mediated by SRB have been utilized in many sulfate-containing wastewater treatment systems worldwide, particularly for acid mine drainage, groundwater, sewage and industrial wastewater remediation. However, DSR processes are often operated suboptimally and disturbances are common in practical application. To improve the efficiency and robustness of SRB-based processes, it is necessary to study SRB metabolism and operational conditions. In this review, the mechanisms of DSR processes are reviewed and discussed focusing on intracellular and extracellular electron transfer with different electron donors (hydrogen, organics, methane and electrodes). Based on the understanding of the metabolism of SRB, responses of SRB to environmental stress (pH-, temperature-, and salinity-related stress) are summarized at the species and community levels. Application in these stressed conditions is discussed and future research is proposed. The feasibility of recovering energy and resources such as biohydrogen, hydrocarbons, polyhydroxyalkanoates, magnetite and metal sulfides through the use of SRB were investigated but some long-standing questions remain unanswered. Linking the existing scientific understanding and observations to practical application is the challenge as always for promotion of SRB-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Tianwei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Chen Guanghao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Budhraja R, Ding C, Walter P, Wagner S, Reemtsma T, Gary Sawers R, Adrian L. The impact of species, respiration type, growth phase and genetic inventory on absolute metal content of intact bacterial cells. Metallomics 2019; 11:925-935. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Absolute metal ion content was determined from whole cells of different microbial species and changes were related to growth conditions and change of encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Chair of Geobiotechnology
| | - Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Philipp Walter
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - R. Gary Sawers
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology
- Martin-Luther Universität
- Halle
- Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Chair of Geobiotechnology
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21
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Abstract
Impaired Paneth cell expression of antimicrobial protein (AMP) lysozyme is found in patients with Crohn's disease with the autophagy gene ATG16L1 risk allele, in mice with mutations in autophagy genes Atg16L1, Atg5 and Atg7, and in Irgm1 knockout mice. Defective autophagy is also associated with expansion of resident Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal lumen. These findings suggest that autophagy may control extracellular resident microbes by governing expression of lysozyme. To test the hypothesis that autophagy may have a defensive role in host response to resident extracellular microbes, we investigated the relationship between gut microbes, autophagy, and lysozyme. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with fecal slurry (FS), representing the resident microbial community; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); or butyrate, representing microbial products; or a representative resident Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DSV). FS, LPS, and DSV inhibited lysozyme expression, whereas butyrate had no effect. Induction of autophagy by rapamycin countered this inhibition, whereas silencing of the autophagy gene Irgm1 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of LPS on lysozyme expression. LPS also inhibited lysozyme activity against DSV and autophagy reversed this effect. Our results provide a novel insight into an interaction between gut bacteria, autophagy and AMP whereby autophagy may defend the host by countering the suppression of antimicrobial protein by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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22
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Dalby FR, Hansen MJ, Feilberg A. Application of Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and 33S Isotope Labeling for Monitoring Sulfur Processes in Livestock Waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2100-2107. [PMID: 29338206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfur compounds emitted from livestock production cause odor nuisance for local residents. The microbial processes responsible for this are not well described in swine manure and a method for monitoring the biological processes is necessary to develop strategic abatement technologies. In this study, Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry and isotope-labeled sulfate were combined and applied to elucidate the sulfur processes in swine manure with high time resolution. We successfully monitored reduction of isotope 33S labeled sulfate into corresponding 33S hydrogen sulfide and found that some of the 33S hydrogen sulfide was further methylated into 33S methanethiol. The isotope patterns in reduced sulfur compounds together with usage of inhibitors enabled us to calculate a sulfate reduction rate of 1.03 ± 0.18 mM/day equivalent to 76.9 ± 3.0% of total hydrogen sulfide emissions. Cysteine degradation constituted 20.2 ± 2.7% of the total hydrogen sulfide produced and the remaining hydrogen sulfide came from demethylation of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide. Another source to methanethiol, besides hydrogen sulfide methylation, was methionine degradation, which contributed with 78.3 ± 2.5% of the methanethiol production, whereas the remaining 21.7 ± 2.5% came from hydrogen sulfide methylation. This study suggests, therefore, that emissions of odorous sulfur compounds from swine manure can be reduced by inhibiting methionine degradation and sulfate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R Dalby
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael J Hansen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Feilberg
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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23
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Bao P, Li GX, Sun GX, Xu YY, Meharg AA, Zhu YG. The role of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the coupling of element biogeochemical cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:398-408. [PMID: 28918271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) represent a diverse group of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms that are ubiquitous in anoxic habitats. In addition to their important role in both sulfur and carbon cycles, SRP are important biotic and abiotic regulators of a variety of sulfur-driven coupled biogeochemical cycling of elements, including: oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine and metal(loid)s. SRP gain energy form most of the coupling of element transformation. Once sulfate-reducing conditions are established, sulfide precipitation becomes the predominant abiotic mechanism of metal(loid)s transformation, followed by co-precipitation between metal(loid)s. Anthropogenic contamination, since the industrial revolution, has dramatically disturbed sulfur-driven biogeochemical cycling; making sulfur coupled elements transformation complicated and unpredictable. We hypothesise that sulfur might be detoxication agent for the organic and inorganic toxic compounds, through the metabolic activity of SRP. This review synthesizes the recent advances in the role of SRP in coupled biogeochemical cycling of diverse elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China
| | - Guo-Xiang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, PR China
| | - Yao-Yang Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China
| | - Andrew A Meharg
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, PR China.
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24
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Parra-Orobio BA, Donoso-Bravo A, Ruiz-Sánchez JC, Valencia-Molina KJ, Torres-Lozada P. Effect of inoculum on the anaerobic digestion of food waste accounting for the concentration of trace elements. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:342-349. [PMID: 28988832 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of renewable energy in the form of methane from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) varies depending on factors such as the quantity and quality of the inoculum. This research evaluated the influence of trace elements (Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Al, Mg, Co, Ni, and Mo) present in inoculum from different sources (wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): 2 agro-industrial WWTPs and 1 municipal WWTP) on the AD of FW. This study found that the source of the inoculum determines the content of macronutrients and trace elements, which can alter the requirements of the AD process and therefore affect methane production. The inoculum obtained from municipal WWTPs contain potentially inhibitory concentrations of Zn and Al that negatively affect methane production (<70 mL CH4·gVS-1), the hydrolysis constant (<0.19 d-1), and the lag-phase (>7 days). It was also found that high concentrations of trace elements such as Ni (35.2 mg kg-1) and Mo (15.4 mg kg-1) in the inoculum increase methane production (140.7 mL CH4·gVS-1) and hydrolysis constant (>0.18d-1) in addition to presenting short lag-phase (<1 day) in the AD of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Donoso-Bravo
- Inria Chile, Av. Apoquindo 2827, piso 12, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Juan Camilo Ruiz-Sánchez
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
| | | | - Patricia Torres-Lozada
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
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Zeng Q, Hao T, Mackey HR, Wei L, Guo G, Chen G. Alkaline textile wastewater biotreatment: A sulfate-reducing granular sludge based lab-scale study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 332:104-111. [PMID: 28285103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the feasibility of treating dyeing wastewater with sulfate reducing granular sludge was explored, focusing on decolorization/degradation of azo dye (Procion Red HE-7B) and the performance of microbial consortia under alkaline conditions (pH=11). Efficiency of HE-7B degradation was influenced strongly by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration which was examined in the range of 500-3000mg/L. COD removal efficiency was reduced at high COD concentration, while specific removal rate was enhanced to 17.5 mg-COD/gVSSh-1. HE-7B removal was also improved at higher organic strength with more than 90% removal efficiency and a first-rate removal constant of 5.57h-1 for dye degradation. Three dye-degradation metabolites were identified by HPLC-MS. The granular structure provided enhanced removal performance for HE-7B and COD in comparison to a near-identical floc SRB system and the key functional organisms were identified by high throughput sequencing. This study demonstrates an example of a niche application where SRB granules can be applied for high efficient and cost-effective treatment of a wastewater under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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Autophagy Genes of Host Responds to Disruption of Gut Microbial Community by Antibiotics. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1486-1497. [PMID: 28466260 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective autophagic machinery, such as that in Crohn's disease patients homozygous for ATG16L1 risk allele, is associated with alteration of resident gut bacterial communities. However, whether or not host autophagy responds to changes in the resident gut microbial community is not known. Here, we investigated the effect of antibiotic-induced disruption of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) on autophagy gene expression and the expression of antimicrobial peptides/protein (AMP) over time. AIM To test the hypothesis that antibiotic treatment may cause time-dependent changes in gut bacterial density, autophagy genes, and antimicrobial protein/peptide gene expression. METHODS Mice (n = 8 per group) were treated with antibiotic cocktail and sacrificed at different intervals of recovery (days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42) post-antibiotics. DNA and RNA were extracted from small intestinal tissues. Bacterial density, expression of host autophagy genes, and AMP genes were analyzed by relative quantitative PCR. Fold change difference in comparison with untreated control group was calculated using 2-ΔΔCt method. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Gut bacterial density changed in a time-dependent fashion in response to antibiotic treatment. These changes were concurrent with upregulation of autophagy genes and antimicrobial peptide/protein gene expression. We further showed that an oral gavage of a resident microbe Desulfovibrio, which bloomed in antibiotic-treated animals, induced Atg5 and lysozyme (Lyz) gene expression. CONCLUSION Autophagy genes respond to dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. This response may be a host mechanism to detect and possibly correct dysbiosis by activating antimicrobial peptides/proteins that control the microbial load in the gut.
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Dahl TW, Chappaz A, Hoek J, McKenzie CJ, Svane S, Canfield DE. Evidence of molybdenum association with particulate organic matter under sulfidic conditions. GEOBIOLOGY 2017; 15:311-323. [PMID: 27997756 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical behavior of molybdenum (Mo) in the oceans is closely linked to the presence of sulfide species in anoxic environments, where Fe availability may play a key role in the Mo scavenging. Here, we show that Mo(VI) is reduced in the presence of particulate organic matter (represented by sulfate-reducing bacteria). Molybdenum was immobilized at the surface of both living cells and dead/lysed cells, but not in cell-free control experiments. Experiments were carried out at four different Mo concentrations (0.1 to 2 mm) to yield cell-associated Mo precipitates with little or no Fe, consisting of mainly Mo(IV)-sulfide compounds with molecular structures similar to Mo enzymes and to those found in natural euxinic sediments. Therefore, we propose that Mo removal in natural sulfidic waters can proceed via a non-Fe-assisted pathway that requires particulate organic matter (dead or living sulfate-reducing bacteria). This pathway has implications for global marine Mo cycling and the current use of Mo-based proxies for paleo-environmental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Dahl
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - A Chappaz
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - J Hoek
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - C J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - S Svane
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - D E Canfield
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Kiran MG, Pakshirajan K, Das G. Heavy metal removal from multicomponent system by sulfate reducing bacteria: Mechanism and cell surface characterization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:62-70. [PMID: 26847522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combined effect of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Pb(II) and Zn(II) on each other removal by anaerobic biomass under sulfate reducing condition. Statistically valid Plackett-Burman design of experiments was employed to carry out this mixture study. The results obtained showed a maximum removal of Cu(II) (98.9%), followed by Ni(II) (97%), Cd(II) (94.8%), Zn(II) (94.6%), Pb(II) (94.4%) and Fe(III) (93.9%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the sulfate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction revealed that the effect due to copper was highly significant (P value<0.05) on sulfate and COD removal. To establish the role of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the metal removal process, surface morphology and composition of the metal loaded biomass were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) integrated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results obtained revealed that the metal precipitates are associated with the outer and inner cell surface of the SRB as a result of the sulfide generated by SRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gopi Kiran
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Gopal Das
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Ritz NL, Lin DM, Wilson MR, Barton LL, Lin HC. Sulfate-reducing bacteria slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27477318 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) serves as a mammalian cell-derived gaseous neurotransmitter. The intestines are exposed to a second source of this gas by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Bismuth subsalicylate binds H2 S rendering it insoluble. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SRB may slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion. METHODS Eighty mice were randomized to five groups consisting of Live SRB, Killed SRB, SRB+Bismuth, Bismuth, and Saline. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a common strain of SRB, was administered by gavage at the dose of 1.0 × 109 cells along with rhodamine, a fluorescent dye. Intestinal transit was measured 50 minutes after gavage by euthanizing the animals, removing the small intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve and visualizing the distribution of rhodamine across the intestine using an imaging system (IVIS, Perkin-Elmer). Intestinal transit (n=50) was compared using geometric center (1=minimal movement, 100=maximal movement). H2 S concentration (n=30) was also measured when small intestinal luminal content was allowed to generate this gas. KEY RESULTS The Live SRB group had slower intestinal transit as represented by a geometric center score of 40.2 ± 5.7 when compared to Saline: 73.6 ± 5.7, Killed SRB: 77.9 ± 6.9, SRB+Bismuth: 81.0 ± 2.0, and Bismuth: 73.3 ± 4.2 (P<.0001). Correspondingly, the Live SRB group had the highest luminal H2 S concentration of 4181.0 ± 968.0 ppb compared to 0 ± 0 ppb for the SRB+Bismuth group (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Live SRB slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice. Our results demonstrate that intestinal transit is slowed by SRB and this effect could be abolished by H2 S-binding bismuth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Ritz
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D M Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M R Wilson
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - L L Barton
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Simulation of the inhibition of microbial sulfate reduction in a two-compartment upflow bioreactor subjected to molybdate injection. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ritz NL, Burnett BJ, Setty P, Reinhart KM, Wilson MR, Alcock J, Singh SB, Barton LL, Lin HC. Sulfate-reducing bacteria impairs working memory in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 157:281-7. [PMID: 26861176 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of gut microbes to bi-directionally communicate with the brain and vice versa form the basis of the gut microbiome-central nervous system axis. It has been shown that inoculation with pathogenic gut bacteria alters the behavior of mice; however, it is not known whether or not non-pathogenic resident microbes have similar effects. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the administration of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), a specific group of resident gut bacteria that generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), impair learning and memory performance in mice tested in an 8-arm radial maze and Morris water maze. We found that mice spent more time in the center of the maze when they were gavaged with live SRB as compared to mice given saline (control), lactulose+mannitol (L/M), or killed SRB. SRB-gavaged mice were also tested using the Morris water maze and were found to take longer to complete the test, spend more time further from the platform, and have a longer path length to reach the platform. This effect of SRB on maze performance was associated with a higher concentration of H2S in the small intestine and cecum. We conclude that SRB, a specific resident gut bacterial species, could impair cognitive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Ritz
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burnett
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Prashanth Setty
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Katelyn M Reinhart
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melissa R Wilson
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sudha B Singh
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry L Barton
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Wong HL, Smith DL, Visscher PT, Burns BP. Niche differentiation of bacterial communities at a millimeter scale in Shark Bay microbial mats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15607. [PMID: 26499760 PMCID: PMC4620479 DOI: 10.1038/srep15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern microbial mats can provide key insights into early Earth ecosystems, and Shark Bay, Australia, holds one of the best examples of these systems. Identifying the spatial distribution of microorganisms with mat depth facilitates a greater understanding of specific niches and potentially novel microbial interactions. High throughput sequencing coupled with elemental analyses and biogeochemical measurements of two distinct mat types (smooth and pustular) at a millimeter scale were undertaken in the present study. A total of 8,263,982 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which were affiliated to 58 bacterial and candidate phyla. The surface of both mats were dominated by Cyanobacteria, accompanied with known or putative members of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The deeper anoxic layers of smooth mats were dominated by Chloroflexi, while Alphaproteobacteria dominated the lower layers of pustular mats. In situ microelectrode measurements revealed smooth mats have a steeper profile of O2 and H2S concentrations, as well as higher oxygen production, consumption, and sulfate reduction rates. Specific elements (Mo, Mg, Mn, Fe, V, P) could be correlated with specific mat types and putative phylogenetic groups. Models are proposed for these systems suggesting putative surface anoxic niches, differential nitrogen fixing niches, and those coupled with methane metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Lun Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela-Lee Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Pieter T. Visscher
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P. Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
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Changes in metabolic pathways of Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 cells induced by molybdate excess. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 20:311-22. [PMID: 25488518 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) intensifies the problems associated to corrosion of metals and the solution entails significant economic costs. Although molybdate can be used to control the negative effects of these organisms, the mechanisms triggered in the cells exposed to Mo-excess are poorly understood. In this work, the effects of molybdate ions on the growth and morphology of the SRB Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 (DaG20) were investigated. In addition, the cellular localization, ion uptake and regulation of protein expression were studied. We found that molybdate concentrations ranging between 50 and 150 µM produce a twofold increase in the doubling time with this effect being more significant at 200 µM molybdate (five times increase in the doubling time). It was also observed that 500 µM molybdate completely inhibits the cellular growth. On the context of protein regulation, we found that several enzymes involved in energy metabolism, cellular division and metal uptake processes were particularly influenced under the conditions tested. An overall description of some of the mechanisms involved in the DaG20 adaptation to molybdate-stress conditions is discussed.
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Lancaster WA, Menon AL, Scott I, Poole FL, Vaccaro BJ, Thorgersen MP, Geller J, Hazen TC, Hurt RA, Brown SD, Elias DA, Adams MWW. Metallomics of two microorganisms relevant to heavy metal bioremediation reveal fundamental differences in metal assimilation and utilization. Metallomics 2014; 6:1004-13. [PMID: 24706256 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although as many as half of all proteins are thought to require a metal cofactor, the metalloproteomes of microorganisms remain relatively unexplored. Microorganisms from different environments are likely to vary greatly in the metals that they assimilate, not just among the metals with well-characterized roles but also those lacking any known function. Herein we investigated the metal utilization of two microorganisms that were isolated from very similar environments and are of interest because of potential roles in the immobilization of heavy metals, such as uranium and chromium. The metals assimilated and their concentrations in the cytoplasm of Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Hildenborough (DvH) and Enterobacter cloacae strain Hanford (EcH) varied dramatically, with a larger number of metals present in Enterobacter. For example, a total of 9 and 19 metals were assimilated into their cytoplasmic fractions, respectively, and DvH did not assimilate significant amounts of zinc or copper whereas EcH assimilated both. However, bioinformatic analysis of their genome sequences revealed a comparable number of predicted metalloproteins, 813 in DvH and 953 in EcH. These allowed some rationalization of the types of metal assimilated in some cases (Fe, Cu, Mo, W, V) but not in others (Zn, Nd, Ce, Pr, Dy, Hf and Th). It was also shown that U binds an unknown soluble protein in EcH but this incorporation was the result of extracellular U binding to cytoplasmic components after cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Lancaster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Life Sciences Bldg., Athens, GA 30602-7229, USA.
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Hao TW, Xiang PY, Mackey HR, Chi K, Lu H, Chui HK, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. A review of biological sulfate conversions in wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 65:1-21. [PMID: 25086411 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of waters contaminated with sulfur containing compounds (S) resulting from seawater intrusion, the use of seawater (e.g. seawater flushing, cooling) and industrial processes has become a challenging issue since around two thirds of the world's population live within 150 km of the coast. In the past, research has produced a number of bioengineered systems for remediation of industrial sulfate containing sewage and sulfur contaminated groundwater utilizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The majority of these studies are specific with SRB only or focusing on the microbiology rather than the engineered application. In this review, existing sulfate based biotechnologies and new approaches for sulfate contaminated waters treatment are discussed. The sulfur cycle connects with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, thus a new platform of sulfur based biotechnologies incorporating sulfur cycle with other cycles can be developed, for the removal of sulfate and other pollutants (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and metal) from wastewaters. All possible electron donors for sulfate reduction are summarized for further understanding of the S related biotechnologies including rates and benefits/drawbacks of each electron donor. A review of known SRB and their environmental preferences with regard to bioreactor operational parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, salinity etc.) shed light on the optimization of sulfur conversion-based biotechnologies. This review not only summarizes information from the current sulfur conversion-based biotechnologies for further optimization and understanding, but also offers new directions for sulfur related biotechnology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-wei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peng-yu Xiang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kun Chi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Lu
- SYSU-HKUST Joint Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ho-kwong Chui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; SYSU-HKUST Joint Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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TupA: a tungstate binding protein in the periplasm of Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11783-98. [PMID: 24992597 PMCID: PMC4139814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TupABC system is involved in the cellular uptake of tungsten and belongs to the ABC (ATP binding cassette)-type transporter systems. The TupA component is a periplasmic protein that binds tungstate anions, which are then transported through the membrane by the TupB component using ATP hydrolysis as the energy source (the reaction catalyzed by the ModC component). We report the heterologous expression, purification, determination of affinity binding constants and crystallization of the Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 TupA. The tupA gene (locus tag Dde_0234) was cloned in the pET46 Enterokinase/Ligation-Independent Cloning (LIC) expression vector, and the construct was used to transform BL21 (DE3) cells. TupA expression and purification were optimized to a final yield of 10 mg of soluble pure protein per liter of culture medium. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out showing that TupA binds both tungstate and molybdate ions and has no significant interaction with sulfate, phosphate or perchlorate. Quantitative analysis of metal binding by isothermal titration calorimetry was in agreement with these results, but in addition, shows that TupA has higher affinity to tungstate than molybdate. The protein crystallizes in the presence of 30% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350 using the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method. The crystals diffract X-rays beyond 1.4 Å resolution and belong to the P21 space group, with cell parameters a = 52.25 Å, b = 42.50 Å, c = 54.71 Å, β = 95.43°. A molecular replacement solution was found, and the structure is currently under refinement.
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Correia RRS, Martins de Oliveira DC, Guimarães JRD. Mercury methylation in mesocosms with and without the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 96:124-130. [PMID: 23829936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic pollutant and spreads to several compartments in the environment. Previous in-vitro studies showed that roots of aquatic macrophytes are sites of methylmercury formation, performed mainly by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The objective of this study was to observe MMHg formation and distribution among filtered water (0.2µm), suspended and settled particles and macrophyte roots during seventeen days, in (203)Hg- spiked mesocosms with and without live Eichhornia crassipes whole plants and a SRB inhibitor. Root samples were also incubated in-vitro for comparison of MM(203)Hg formation under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. To evaluate the effect of SRB inhibition by sodium molybdate on total heterotrophic activity, the latter was measured by (3)H-leucine uptake. Inhibition of Hg methylation by sodium molybdate decreased with time in mesocosms. MMHg averaged 10, 12.4 and 0.23 percent of total (203)Hg present in filtered water, suspended particles and roots respectively. In vitro MMHg formation in roots averaged 5.54 percent of total added (203)Hg, with a clearer SRB inhibition effect than in mesocosms. Though significant, MMHg formation in roots from in-vivo mesocosms was one order of magnitude lower than previously found in in-vitro incubations of roots alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rose Silva Correia
- Laboratório de Traçadores Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G/CCS/Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
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New family of tungstate-responsive transcriptional regulators in sulfate-reducing bacteria. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4466-75. [PMID: 23913324 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00679-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace elements molybdenum and tungsten are essential components of cofactors of many metalloenzymes. However, in sulfate-reducing bacteria, high concentrations of molybdate and tungstate oxyanions inhibit growth, thus requiring the tight regulation of their homeostasis. By a combination of bioinformatic and experimental techniques, we identified a novel regulator family, tungstate-responsive regulator (TunR), controlling the homeostasis of tungstate and molybdate in sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria. The effector-sensing domains of these regulators are similar to those of the known molybdate-responsive regulator ModE, while their DNA-binding domains are homologous to XerC/XerD site-specific recombinases. Using a comparative genomics approach, we identified DNA motifs and reconstructed regulons for 40 TunR family members. Positional analysis of TunR sites and putative promoters allowed us to classify most TunR proteins into two groups: (i) activators of modABC genes encoding a high-affinity molybdenum and tungsten transporting system and (ii) repressors of genes for toluene sulfonate uptake (TSUP) family transporters. The activation of modA and modBC genes by TunR in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough was confirmed in vivo, and we discovered that the activation was diminished in the presence of tungstate. A predicted 30-bp TunR-binding motif was confirmed by in vitro binding assays. A novel TunR family of bacterial transcriptional factors controls tungstate and molybdate homeostasis in sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria. We proposed that TunR proteins participate in protection of the cells from the inhibition by these oxyanions. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of a family of bacterial transcriptional factors evolved from site-specific recombinases.
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Wang D. Redox chemistry of molybdenum in natural waters and its involvement in biological evolution. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:427. [PMID: 23267355 PMCID: PMC3528336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition element molybdenum (Mo) possesses diverse valances (+II to +VI), and is involved in forming cofactors in more than 60 enzymes in biology. Redox switching of the element in these enzymes catalyzes a series of metabolic reactions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the element therefore plays a fundamental role in the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling. In the present oxygenated waters, oxidized Mo(VI) predominates thermodynamically, whilst reduced Mo species are mainly confined within specific niches including cytoplasm. Only recently has the reduced Mo(V) been separated from Mo(VI) in sulfidic mats and even in some reducing waters. Given the presence of reduced Mo(V) in contemporary anaerobic habitats, it seems that reduced Mo species were present in the ancient reducing ocean (probably under both ferruginous and sulfidic conditions), prompting the involvement of Mo in enzymes including nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. During the global transition to oxic conditions, reduced Mo species were constrained to specific anaerobic habitats, and efficient uptake systems of oxidized Mo(VI) became a selective advantage for current prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some prokaryotes are still able to directly utilize reduced Mo if any exists in ambient environments. In total, this mini-review describes the redox chemistry and biogeochemistry of Mo over the Earth’s history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
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Gonzalez-Gil G, Lopes SIC, Saikaly PE, Lens PNL. Leaching and accumulation of trace elements in sulfate reducing granular sludge under concomitant thermophilic and low pH conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:238-246. [PMID: 23073114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The leaching and/or accumulation of trace elements in sulfate reducing granular sludge systems was investigated. Two thermophilic up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors operated at pH 5 were fed with sucrose (4 gCOD l(reactor)(-1)d(-1)) and sulfate at different COD/SO(4)(2-) ratios. During the start-up of such acidogenic systems, an initial leaching of trace elements from the inoculum sludge occurred regardless of trace elements supplementation in the reactor influent. The granular sludge maintained the physical structure despite high Fe leaching. After start-up and nonetheless the acidic conditions, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Se were retained or accumulated by the sludge when added. Particularly, Ni and Co accumulated in the carbonates and exchangeable fractions ensuring potential bioavailability. Otherwise, the initial stock in the inoculum sludge sufficed to operate the process for nearly 1 year without supplementation of trace elements and no significant sludge wash-out occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gonzalez-Gil
- Pollution Prevention and Control Core, UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Dissimilatory sulfate and sulfur reduction evolved billions of years ago and while the bacteria and archaea that use this unique metabolism employ a variety of electron donors, H(2) is most commonly used as the energy source. These prokaryotes use multiheme c-type proteins to shuttle electrons from electron donors, and electron transport complexes presumed to contain b-type hemoproteins contribute to proton charging of the membrane. Numerous sulfate and sulfur reducers use an alternate pathway for heme synthesis and, frequently, uniquely specific axial ligands are used to secure c-type heme to the protein. This review presents some of the types and functional activities of hemoproteins involved in these two dissimilatory reduction pathways.
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Gisin J, Müller A, Pfänder Y, Leimkühler S, Narberhaus F, Masepohl B. A Rhodobacter capsulatus member of a universal permease family imports molybdate and other oxyanions. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:5943-52. [PMID: 20851900 PMCID: PMC2976454 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00742-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an important trace element that is toxic at high concentrations. To resolve the mechanisms underlying Mo toxicity, Rhodobacter capsulatus mutants tolerant to high Mo concentrations were isolated by random transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. The insertion sites of six independent isolates mapped within the same gene predicted to code for a permease of unknown function located in the cytoplasmic membrane. During growth under Mo-replete conditions, the wild-type strain accumulated considerably more Mo than the permease mutant. For mutants defective for the permease, the high-affinity molybdate importer ModABC, or both transporters, in vivo Mo-dependent nitrogenase (Mo-nitrogenase) activities at different Mo concentrations suggested that ModABC and the permease import molybdate in nanomolar and micromolar ranges, respectively. Like the permease mutants, a mutant defective for ATP sulfurylase tolerated high Mo concentrations, suggesting that ATP sulfurylase is the main target of Mo inhibition in R. capsulatus. Sulfate-dependent growth of a double mutant defective for the permease and the high-affinity sulfate importer CysTWA was reduced compared to those of the single mutants, implying that the permease plays an important role in sulfate uptake. In addition, permease mutants tolerated higher tungstate and vanadate concentrations than the wild type, suggesting that the permease acts as a general oxyanion importer. We propose to call this permease PerO (for oxyanion permease). It is the first reported bacterial molybdate transporter outside the ABC transporter family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gisin
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfänder
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franz Narberhaus
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Masepohl
- Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Enzymologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Constance, Germany, Molekulare Enzymologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Nielsen ME, Wu DM, Girguis PR, Reimers CE. Influence of substrate on electron transfer mechanisms in chambered benthic microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8671-8677. [PMID: 20028069 DOI: 10.1021/es9013773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated whether the addition of an exogenous electron donor would affect power production in laboratory-scale benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFC) by differentially influencing microbially mediated electron transfer processes. Six BMFCs were operated for over one year in a temperature-controlled laboratory. Three BMFCs relied on endogenous electron donors, and three were supplemented with lactate. The supplemented BMFCs generated more cumulative charge, but did not generate higher average current between periods of lactate enrichment. Coulombic efficiencies during the lactate treatments ranged from 25 to 65% suggesting that lactate utilization was variably coupled to power production. Cumulative electron flux resulting from lactate additions and chemical changes within the anode chamber, as well as a difference in the anode-hosted microbial communities indicated that lactate supplementation promoted sulfate reduction. After the addition of molybdate to suppress sulfate reduction and sulfur disproportionation, all BMFCs continued to produce current, but no longer responded to lactate additions. Chemical data support a two-step cycle in which endogenous organic carbon and/or supplemented lactate fuel sulfate reduction resulting in sulfide and simple organic molecules (such as acetate) that can act as the electron donors for the BMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Nielsen
- College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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