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Lyons-Darden T, Heim KE, Han L, Haines L, Sayes CM, Oller AR. Bioaccessibility of Metallic Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Four Simulated Biological Fluids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:877. [PMID: 38786832 PMCID: PMC11123708 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of metals from substances and alloys is increasingly used as part of the assessment to predict potential toxicity. However, data are sparse on the metal bioaccessibility from nanoparticle (NP) size metal substances. This study examines nickel ion release from metallic nickel and nickel oxide micron particles (MPs) and NPs in simulated biological fluids at various timepoints including those relevant for specific routes of exposure. The results suggest that MPs of both metallic nickel and nickel oxide generally released more nickel ions in acidic simulated biological fluids (gastric and lysosomal) than NPs of the same substance, with the largest differences being for nickel oxide. In more neutral pH fluids (interstitial and perspiration), nickel metal NPs released more nickel ions than MPs, with nickel oxide results showing a higher release for MPs in interstitial fluid yet a lower release in perspiration fluid. Various experimental factors related to the particle, fluid, and extraction duration were identified that can have an impact on the particle dissolution and release of nickel ions. Overall, the results suggest that based on nickel release alone, nickel NPs are not inherently more hazardous than nickel MPs. Moreover, analyses should be performed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of various experimental factors and correlation with in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Lyons-Darden
- NiPERA, Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA;
| | - Katherine E. Heim
- NiPERA, Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA;
| | - Li Han
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (L.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Laura Haines
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (L.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Christie M. Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Adriana R. Oller
- Oller Consulting, 722 Gaston Manor Drive, Durham, NC 27703, USA;
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2
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Caporale AG, Porfido C, Roggero PP, Di Palma A, Adamo P, Pinna MV, Garau G, Spagnuolo M, Castaldi P, Diquattro S. Long-term effect of municipal solid waste compost on the recovery of a potentially toxic element (PTE)-contaminated soil: PTE mobility, distribution and bioaccessibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122858-122874. [PMID: 37979102 PMCID: PMC10724333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Compost from municipal solid waste (MSWC) can represent a resource for the environmental management of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), since it can reduce their mobility and improve soil fertility. However, the long-term impact of compost on soil recovery has been poorly investigated. To this end, the influence of a MSWC added at different rates (i.e. 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% w/w) to a multi-PTE-contaminated (e.g. Sb 412 mg kg-1, Pb 2664 mg kg-1 and Zn 7510 mg kg-1) sub-acidic soil (pH 6.4) was evaluated after 6 years since its addition. The MSWC significantly enhanced soil fertility parameters (i.e. total organic carbon, Olsen P and total N) and reduced the PTE labile fractions. The distribution maps of PTEs detected through µXRF analysis revealed the presence of Zn and Pb carbonates in the amended soils, or the formation of complexes between these PTEs and the functional groups of MSWC. A higher oral, inhalation and dermal bioaccessibility of each PTE was detected in the soil fine-grained fractions (< 2 and 2-10 µm) than in coarse particles (10-20 and 20-50 µm). The MSWC amendment generally did not modify the PTE bioaccessibility, while the relative bioaccessibility of cationic PTEs was greater than that of anionic ones (e.g. Cd > Zn > Pb > Sb > As). Pb and Sb showed the highest hazard quotients (e.g. 2.2 and 10 for Sb and Pb, respectively, in children). Overall, the results indicated that the MSWC used can be an effective option for the recovery of PTE-contaminated soils, even in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giandonato Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Porfido
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Roggero
- Dipartimento Di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Di Ricerca Sulla Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
- Research Institute On Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (IRET-CNR) Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Pinna
- Dipartimento Di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Garau
- Dipartimento Di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Spagnuolo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Castaldi
- Dipartimento Di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Nucleo Di Ricerca Sulla Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Diquattro
- Dipartimento Di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Di Ricerca Sulla Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Taxell P, Huuskonen P. Toxicity assessment and health hazard classification of stainless steels. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105227. [PMID: 35817207 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steels are widely used iron-based alloys that contain chromium and, typically, other alloying elements. The chromium(III)-rich surface oxide of stainless steels efficiently limits the release (bioaccessibility) of their metal constituents in most physiological environments, influencing the toxicity of the alloy. Of the constituents and impurities of stainless steels, nickel and cobalt are of particular interest, primarily due to skin sensitization and repeated-dose inhalation toxicity of nickel, and (inhalation) carcinogenicity of cobalt. A review of the available toxicological data on stainless steels, and the toxicological, mechanistic, and bioaccessibility data on their constituent metals supports the low toxicity and non-carcinogenicity of stainless steels. The comparative metal release, rather than the bulk composition of stainless steels, needs to be considered when assessing their health hazard classification according to the UN Globally Harmonized System, and the corresponding EU CLP regulation. As an illustrative example, a 28-day inhalation toxicity study on stainless steel powder showed no signs of lung toxicity at exposure levels at which significant toxicity would have been expected on the basis of its bulk nickel content. This finding is associated with the low bioaccessibility of nickel from the alloy in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Taxell
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland.
| | - Pasi Huuskonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
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Verougstraete V, Danzeisen R, Viegas V, Marsh P, Oller A. A tiered approach to investigate the inhalation toxicity of cobalt substances. Tier 1: Bioaccessibility testing. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 129:105124. [PMID: 35093462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioelution tests measure in vitro the release of metal ion in surrogate physiological conditions (termed "bioaccessibility") and estimate the potential bioavailability relative to that of a known reference metal substance. Bioaccessibility of cobalt ion from twelve cobalt substances was tested in three artificial lung fluids (interstitial, alveolar and lysosomal) to gather information about the substances' fate and potential bioavailability in the respiratory tract after inhalation. The results can be used as one line of evidence to support grouping and read-across for substances lacking in vivo data, and where in vivo testing is not readily justifiable. Strong differences were observed in the dissolution behaviour of the substances in the different fluids, with the cobalt substances generally being less soluble in neutral pH fluids and more soluble in the acidic pH fluid. The resulting database, presented with its strengths and limitations, was used to support the formulation of an initial grouping of these cobalt substances into three categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Danzeisen
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK
| | - Vanessa Viegas
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK
| | - Paul Marsh
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK
| | - Adriana Oller
- NiPERA Inc, 2525 Meridian Parkway suite 240, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
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Vallabani NVS, Alijagic A, Persson A, Odnevall I, Särndahl E, Karlsson HL. Toxicity evaluation of particles formed during 3D-printing: Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory response in lung and macrophage models. Toxicology 2022; 467:153100. [PMID: 35032623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or "3D-printing" is a ground-breaking technology that enables the production of complex 3D parts. Its rapid growth calls for immediate toxicological investigations of possible human exposures in order to estimate occupational health risks. Several laser-based powder bed fusion AM techniques are available of which many use metal powder in the micrometer range as feedstock. Large energy input from the laser on metal powders generates several by-products, like spatter and condensate particles. Due to often altered physicochemical properties and composition, spatter and condensate particles can result in different toxicological responses compared to the original powder particles. The toxicity of such particles has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of condensate/spatter particles formed and collected upon selective laser melting (SLM) printing of metal alloy powders, including a nickel-chromium-based superalloy (IN939), a nickel-based alloy (Hastelloy X, HX), a high-strength maraging steel (18Ni300), a stainless steel (316L), and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Toxicological endpoints investigated included cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus formation), and inflammatory response (cytokine/chemokine profiling) following exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) or monocytes/macrophages (THP-1). The results showed no or minor cytotoxicity in the doses tested (10-100 μg/mL). Furthermore, no ROS generation or formation of micronucleus was observed in the HBEC cells. However, an increase in DNA strand breaks (detected by comet assay) was noted in cells exposed to HX, IN939, and Ti6Al4V, whereas no evident release of pro-inflammatory cytokine was observed from macrophages. Particle and surface characterization showed agglomeration in solution and different surface oxide compositions compared to the nominal bulk content. The extent of released nickel was small and related to the nickel content of the surface oxides, which was largely different from the bulk content. This may explain the limited toxicity found despite the high Ni bulk content of several powders. Taken together, this study suggests relatively low acute toxicity of condensates/spatter particles formed during SLM-printing using IN939, HX, 18Ni300, 316L, and Ti6Al4V as original metal powders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andi Alijagic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kelepertzis E, Chrastný V, Botsou F, Sigala E, Kypritidou Z, Komárek M, Skordas K, Argyraki A. Tracing the sources of bioaccessible metal(loid)s in urban environments: A multidisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144827. [PMID: 33529817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the links between sources of magnetic particles and bioaccessibility of metal(loids) in environmental sampling media is crucial for better evaluating human health risks, although relevant information in the scientific literature is scarce. Here, soil, road and house dust samples from a heavy industrial area in Greece were characterized in a multidisciplinary study combining magnetic measurements, SEM/EDS analyses, bioaccessibility measurements and Pb isotopic analyses of bioaccessible Pb. The oral and inhalable bioaccessible fractions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were assessed by applying simulated gastric and lung solutions. SEM/EDS analysis revealed the abundant presence of anthropogenic Fe-containing spherules of industrial origin in all sampling media, often containing minor contents of Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. The inhalation bioaccessibility (%) in all environmental compartments was higher than the oral one for most elements analyzed in the present study. Clear associations between magnetic susceptibility and bioaccessible amounts of most of analyzed elements were encountered for the soil and road dust. The isotopic analyses of bioaccessible Pb showed that there are significant differences in the isotopic ratios between total and bioaccessible Pb. We conclude that Pb solubilized by the simulated gastric and lung extractions is principally anthropogenic, representing a mixture of industrial Pb and Pb related to the past usage of leaded petrol. Low values of 206Pb/207Pb were accompanied by high bioaccessible contents of Cd, Pb and Zn indicating that anthropogenic (mostly industrial) sources exert influence on the bioaccessible forms of these metals. Coupling magnetic and bioaccessibility measurements with stable isotopic technique of bioaccessible Pb is more reliable for determining Pb and other metal sources with high oral and inhalation bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Fotini Botsou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sigala
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Skordas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
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7
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Innes E, Yiu HHP, McLean P, Brown W, Boyles M. Simulated biological fluids - a systematic review of their biological relevance and use in relation to inhalation toxicology of particles and fibres. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:217-248. [PMID: 33905298 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1903386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of simulated biological fluids (SBFs) is a promising in vitro technique to better understand the release mechanisms and possible in vivo behaviour of materials, including fibres, metal-containing particles and nanomaterials. Applications of SBFs in dissolution tests allow a measure of material biopersistence or, conversely, bioaccessibility that in turn can provide a useful inference of a materials biodistribution, its acute and long-term toxicity, as well as its pathogenicity. Given the wide range of SBFs reported in the literature, a review was conducted, with a focus on fluids used to replicate environments that may be encountered upon material inhalation, including extracellular and intracellular compartments. The review aims to identify when a fluid design can replicate realistic biological conditions, demonstrate operation validation, and/or provide robustness and reproducibility. The studies examined highlight simulated lung fluids (SLFs) that have been shown to suitably replicate physiological conditions, and identify specific components that play a pivotal role in dissolution mechanisms and biological activity; including organic molecules, redox-active species and chelating agents. Material dissolution was not always driven by pH, and likewise not only driven by SLF composition; specific materials and formulations correspond to specific dissolution mechanisms. It is recommended that SLF developments focus on biological predictivity and if not practical, on better biological mimicry, as such an approach ensures results are more likely to reflect in vivo behaviour regardless of the material under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Innes
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Humphrey H P Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Brown
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
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8
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Boim AGF, Patinha C, Wragg J, Cave M, Alleoni LRF. Respiratory bioaccessibility and solid phase partitioning of potentially harmful elements in urban environmental matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142791. [PMID: 33097248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies regarding the role of geochemical processes in urban environmental matrices (UEM) and their influence on respiratory bioaccessibility in humans are scarce in humid tropical regions, especially in Brazil. Contaminated UEM are potentially hazardous to humans if particles <10 μm in diameter are inhaled and reach the tracheobronchial region. In this study, we evaluated samples collected in Brazilian UEMs with a large environmental liability left by former mining industries and in a city with strong industrial expansion. UEM samples were classified into soil, sediment and mine tailings according to the characteristics of the collection sites. The respiratory bioaccessibility of potentially harmful elements (PHE) was evaluated using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5), and the BCR-sequential extraction was performed to evaluate how the respiratory bioaccessibility of the PHE was related to the solid phase partitioning. The bioaccessible fraction (BAF) ranged from 54 to 98% for Cd; 21-89% for Cu; 46-140% for Pb, 35-88% for Mn and; 41-84% for Zn. The average BAF of the elements decreased in the following order: Soil: Cd > Pb > Mn > Zn > Cu; Tailing: Pb > Cd > Zn > Mn > Cu; and Sediments: Pb > Mn > Cd > Zn > Cu. BCR-fractions were useful to predict the PHE bioaccessibility (R2 = 0.79-0.98), thus suggesting that particle geochemistry and mineralogy can influence PHE behaviour in the pulmonary fluid. Therefore, this approach provides a combination of quantitative and qualitative data, which allows us to carry out a more realistic assessment of the current situation of the potentially contaminated site and possible alternatives for decision making by the stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexys Giorgia Friol Boim
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Patinha
- GEOBIOTEC, Geosciences Department, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joanna Wragg
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Mark Cave
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Khelifi F, Caporale AG, Hamed Y, Adamo P. Bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals in soil, sediments and tailings from a north Africa phosphate-mining area: Insight into human health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111634. [PMID: 33213991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of phosphate mining/processing industrial activities on the environment and human health is crucial to properly manage and minimize the risks over time. In this work, we studied the inhalation and dermal bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals (PTM) in different particle-size fractions of urban soil, sediments and tailings from Gafsa-Metlaoui phosphate mining area, to assess afterwards the non-carcinogenic (NCR) and carcinogenic (CR) risks for the health of local citizens and workers constantly exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) originating from these sources of contamination. Samples were separated in particle-size fractions by centrifugation and consecutive cycles of sedimentation and decanting. The pseudo-total concentrations and bioaccessible fractions of PTM were extracted by aqua regia and in vitro bioaccessibility tests, respectively. Both sediments and tailings showed higher-than-background concentrations of PTM (mainly Cd, Zn and Cr), with a tendency to accumulate these metals in fine particles (<10 μm). In urban soil, only Cd was above the background concentration. The bioaccessibility of PTM via inhalation was significantly higher in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) than in simulated epithelial lung fluid (SELF): basically, Cd was the most bioaccessible metal (relative bioaccessibility up to 80%), followed by the medium-to-high bioaccessible Zn (47%), Pb (46%) and Cu (39%), and the least bioaccessible Cr (16%). In synthetic skin surface liquid (NIHS 96-10), only Cd was bioaccessible at worrying extent (20-44%). On the basis of US.EPA risk assessment, the exposure to PTM bioaccessible fractions or pseudo-total concentrations would not cause serious NCR and CR risks for human health. Significant health risks (Hazard Index >1 and CR > 10-4), especially for children, can occur if ingestion route is also considered. The findings underline the need for adequate protection of contaminated soil, sediments and mine tailings laying nearby urban agglomerates, to reduce the health risks for inhabitants and workers of Gafsa-Metlaoui mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Khelifi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia; Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Antonio G Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Younes Hamed
- Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Campus Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre on the "Earth Critical Zone" for Supporting the Landscape and Agroenvironment Management (CRISP), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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10
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Wang X, Odnevall Wallinder I, Hedberg Y. Bioaccessibility of Nickel and Cobalt Released from Occupationally Relevant Alloy and Metal Powders at Simulated Human Exposure Scenarios. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 64:659-675. [PMID: 32320011 PMCID: PMC7328476 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) release from chromium-alloy powders (different stainless steels and a nickel-based Inconel alloy) compared with Ni and Co metal powders was investigated at simulated human exposure scenarios (ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation) between 2 and 168 h. All investigated powders consisted of particles sized within the respirable range. The powder particles and their surface reactivity were studied by means of nitrogen adsorption and electrochemical, spectroscopic (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy), light scattering, and microscopic techniques. The release of both Ni and Co was highest in the acidic and complexing fluids simulating the gastric environment and an inhalation scenario of small powders (artificial lysosomal fluid). Relatively high corrosion resistance and lower levels of released Ni and Co were observed in all fluids for all alloy powders compared with the corresponding pure metals. The extent of released metals was low for powders with a passive surface oxide. This study strongly emphasizes the importance of considering alloying effects in toxicological classification and/or regulation of Ni and Co in alloys and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Wang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas v. 51, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Gosselin M, Zagury GJ. Metal(loid)s inhalation bioaccessibility and oxidative potential of particulate matter from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124557. [PMID: 31422311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Field-collected chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils and associated particulate matter (PM) were characterized for their total metal(loid)s content (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and physicochemical properties. Copper, Ni, Pb and Zn fractionation (using sequential extraction) and inhalation bioaccessibility (using two lung fluids) of trace elements were assessed in PM samples. In Gamble's solution (GS), low average bioaccessibility (up to 12%) was observed for As, Cu, Mn, and Ni. A strong correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.005, n = 9) between the soluble and exchangeable fraction (F1) and bioaccessibility in GS was observed for Cu. Inhalation bioaccessibility in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) was higher for Cu (avg. 78.5 ± 4.2%), Mn (avg. 56.8 ± 12.1%), Zn (avg. 54.8 ± 24.5%) and As (avg. 45.4 ± 18.8%). Strong correlations between inhalation bioaccessibility in ALF and the mobile (i.e. F1+F2) metal fraction were observed for all tested metals (i.e. (Cu (r = 0.95, p < 0.005), Ni (r = 0.79, p < 0.05), Pb (r = 0.92, p < 0.005) and Zn (r = 0.98, p < 0.005)), n = 9). The oxidative potential (OP) of PM was also assessed using an ascorbate (AA) depletion assay (OPAA). Mobile Cu fractions were deemed to be the main factor influencing OPAA ((F1 (r = 0.99, p < 0.005), F2 (r = 0.97, p < 0.005)), n = 9) in PM samples. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.005, n = 10) was also observed between Cu bioaccessibility in GS and OPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gosselin
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gerald J Zagury
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Talha M, Ma Y, Lin Y, Pan Y, Kong X, Sinha O, Behera C. Corrosion performance of cold deformed austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications. CORROSION REVIEWS 2019; 37:283-306. [DOI: 10.1515/corrrev-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAustenitic stainless steels possess an excellent balance of strength and ductility along with the high ability to further raise their strength during cold deformation (CD). Corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels (SSs) is affected by cold deformation because passive films on the surface of steels are expected to be modified. A low level of CD enhances the surface diffusion, which results in the formation of a stable passive film leading to an increase in the corrosion resistance in neutral chloride solutions. The chromium content in the passive film on a deformed steel surface is usually richer, with a higher Cr/Fe ratio than that formed on annealed steels. A higher chromium content makes surface films more stable, which improves the corrosion resistance. However, severe CD results in the formation of strain-induced martensite phase and deformation twins, which decreases the localized corrosion resistance by increasing the number of active anodic sites on the surface. The corrosion resistance, especially the pitting resistance, in SSs is diminished with increasing volume fraction of the martensite. In this review, we highlighted the failure modes of corrosion of stainless steel implants, factors affecting corrosion, and effect of CD on mechanical properties and emphatically on the corrosion resistance of SSs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talha
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yucong Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Kong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 434023 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - O.P. Sinha
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - C.K. Behera
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India
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Atapour M, Wei Z, Chaudhary H, Lendel C, Odnevall Wallinder I, Hedberg Y. Metal release from stainless steel 316L in whey protein - And simulated milk solutions under static and stirring conditions. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hernández-Pellón A, Nischkauer W, Limbeck A, Fernández-Olmo I. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility and inhalation risk assessment: A comparison between an urban and an industrial area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:140-149. [PMID: 29704775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The content of metal(loid)s in particulate matter (PM) is of special concern due to their contribution to overall (PM) toxicity. In this study, the bioaccessibility and human health risk of potentially toxic metal(loid)s associated with PM10 were investigated in two areas of the Cantabrian region (northern Spain) with different levels of exposure: an industrial area mainly influenced by a ferromanganese alloy plant; and an urban area consisting mainly of residential and commercial activities, but also affected, albeit to a lesser extent by the ferroalloy plant. Total content and bioaccessible fractions in simulated lung fluids (SLFs) of Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Sb, Mo, Cd and Pb were determined by ICP-MS. Gamble's solution and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) were used to mimic different conditions inside the human respiratory system. A health risk assessment was performed based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) methodology. Most metal(loid)s showed moderate and high bioaccessibility in Gamble's solution and ALF, respectively. Despite the high variability between the samples, metal(loid) bioaccessibility was found to be higher on average at the industrial site, suggesting a greater hazard to human health in the proximity of the main metal(loid) sources. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the non-carcinogenic risk associated with Mn exposure was above the safe limit (HQ> 1) under all the studied scenarios at the industrial site and under some specific scenarios at the urban location. The estimated carcinogenic inhalation risk for Cd exposure at the industrial site was found to be within the range between 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-4 (uncertainty range) under some scenarios. The results obtained in this study indicate that Mn and Cd inhalation exposure occurring in the vicinities of the studied areas may pose a human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernández-Pellón
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - W Nischkauer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Limbeck
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Wood MH, Payagalage CG, Geue T. Bovine Serum Albumin and Fibrinogen Adsorption at the 316L Stainless Steel/Aqueous Interface. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5057-5065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Thomas Geue
- Laboratory of Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Mei N, Belleville L, Cha Y, Olofsson U, Odnevall Wallinder I, Persson KA, Hedberg YS. Size-separated particle fractions of stainless steel welding fume particles - A multi-analytical characterization focusing on surface oxide speciation and release of hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:527-535. [PMID: 28886565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Welding fume of stainless steels is potentially health hazardous. The aim of this study was to investigate the manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) speciation of welding fume particles and their extent of metal release relevant for an inhalation scenario, as a function of particle size, welding method (manual metal arc welding, metal arc welding using an active shielding gas), different electrodes (solid wires and flux-cored wires) and shielding gases, and base alloy (austenitic AISI 304L and duplex stainless steel LDX2101). Metal release investigations were performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.3, 37°, 24h. The particles were characterized by means of microscopic, spectroscopic, and electroanalytical methods. Cr was predominantly released from particles of the welding fume when exposed in PBS [3-96% of the total amount of Cr, of which up to 70% as Cr(VI)], followed by Mn, nickel, and iron. Duplex stainless steel welded with a flux-cored wire generated a welding fume that released most Cr(VI). Nano-sized particles released a significantly higher amount of nickel compared with micron-sized particle fractions. The welding fume did not contain any solitary known chromate compounds, but multi-elemental highly oxidized oxide(s) (iron, Cr, and Mn, possibly bismuth and silicon).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mei
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Belleville
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Cha
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Machine Design, Brinellvägen 83, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Olofsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Machine Design, Brinellvägen 83, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K-A Persson
- Swerea KIMAB, Box 7047, SE-16407, Kista, Sweden
| | - Y S Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stebounova LV, Gonzalez-Pech NI, Peters TM, Grassian VH. Physicochemical properties of air discharge-generated manganese oxide nanoparticles: Comparison to welding fumes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2018; 2018:696-707. [PMID: 30519473 PMCID: PMC6275102 DOI: 10.1039/c7en01046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to high doses of manganese (Mn) via inhalation, dermal contact or direct consumption can cause adverse health effects. Welding fumes are a major source of manganese containing nanoparticles in occupational settings. Understanding the physicochemical properties of manganese-containing nanoparticles can be a first step in understanding their toxic potential following exposure. In particular, here we compare the size, morphology and Mn oxidation states of Mn oxide nanoparticles generated in the laboratory by arc discharge to those from welding collected in heavy vehicle manufacturing. Fresh nanoparticles collected at the exit of the spark discharge generation chamber consisted of individual or small aggregates of primary particles. These nanoparticles were allowed to age in a chamber to form chain-like aggregates of primary particles with morphologies very similar to welding fumes. The primary particles were a mixture of hausmannite (Mn3O4), bixbyite (Mn2O3) and manganosite (MnO) phases, whereas aged samples revealed a more amorphous structure. Both Mn2+ and Mn3+, as in double valence stoichiometry present in Mn3O4, and Mn3+, as in Mn2O3 and MnOOH, were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the nanoparticles in the laboratory nanoparticles and welding fumes. Dissolution studies conducted for these two Mn samples (aged and fresh fume) reveal different release kinetics of Mn ions in artificial lysosomal fluid (pH 4.5) and very limited dissolution in Gamble's solution (pH 7.4). Taken together, these data suggest several important considerations for understanding the health effects of welding fumes. First, the method of particle generation affects the crystallinity and phase of the oxide. Second, welding fumes consist of multiple oxidation states whether they are amorphous or crystalline or occur as isolated nanoparticles or agglomerates. Third, although the dissolution behavior depends on conditions used for nanoparticle generation, the dissolution of Mn oxide nanoparticles in the lysosome may promote Mn ions translocation into various organs causing toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Stebounova
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Thomas M Peters
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA
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18
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Zeng Q, Zhang J, Cheng H, Chen L, Qi Z. Corrosion properties of steel in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid systems for desulfurization application. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosivity of [BMIM]HSO4-based systems for desulfurization applications were investigated by weight loss and surface analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hongye Cheng
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Max Planck Partner Group at the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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Surface passivity largely governs the bioaccessibility of nickel-based powder particles at human exposure conditions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:162-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Latvala S, Hedberg J, Di Bucchianico S, Möller L, Odnevall Wallinder I, Elihn K, Karlsson HL. Nickel Release, ROS Generation and Toxicity of Ni and NiO Micro- and Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159684. [PMID: 27434640 PMCID: PMC4951072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to airborne nickel is associated with an elevated risk for respiratory tract diseases including lung cancer. Therefore, the increased production of Ni-containing nanoparticles necessitates a thorough assessment of their physical, chemical, as well as toxicological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the characteristics of nickel metal (Ni) and nickel oxide (NiO) particles with a focus on Ni release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Four Ni-containing particles of both nano-size (Ni-n and NiO-n) and micron-size (Ni-m1 and Ni-m2) were tested. The released amount of Ni in solution was notably higher in artificial lysosomal fluid (e.g. 80–100 wt% for metallic Ni) than in cell medium after 24h (ca. 1–3 wt% for all particles). Each of the particles was taken up by the cells within 4 h and they remained in the cells to a high extent after 24 h post-incubation. Thus, the high dissolution in ALF appeared not to reflect the particle dissolution in the cells. Ni-m1 showed the most pronounced effect on cell viability after 48 h (alamar blue assay) whereas all particles showed increased cytotoxicity in the highest doses (20–40 μg cm2) when assessed by colony forming efficiency (CFE). Interestingly an increased CFE, suggesting higher proliferation, was observed for all particles in low doses (0.1 or 1 μg cm-2). Ni-m1 and NiO-n were the most potent in causing acellular ROS and DNA damage. However, no intracellular ROS was detected for any of the particles. Taken together, micron-sized Ni (Ni-m1) was more reactive and toxic compared to the nano-sized Ni. Furthermore, this study underlines that the low dose effect in terms of increased proliferation observed for all particles should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Latvala
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonas Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Möller
- Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karine Elihn
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Metal release from stainless steel in biological environments: A review. Biointerphases 2016; 11:018901. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4934628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dalipi R, Borgese L, Casaroli A, Boniardi M, Fittschen U, Tsuji K, Depero L. Study of metal release from stainless steels in simulated food contact by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mazinanian N, Wallinder IO, Hedberg Y. Influence of Citric Acid on the Metal Release of Stainless Steels. CORROSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.14773/cst.2015.14.4.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mörsdorf A, Odnevall Wallinder I, Hedberg Y. Bioaccessibility of micron-sized powder particles of molybdenum metal, iron metal, molybdenum oxides and ferromolybdenum--Importance of surface oxides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:447-57. [PMID: 26032492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The European chemical framework REACH requires that hazards and risks posed by chemicals, including alloys and metals, that are manufactured, imported or used in different products (substances or articles) are identified and proven safe for humans and the environment. Metals and alloys need hence to be investigated on their extent of released metals (bioaccessibility) in biologically relevant environments. Read-across from available studies may be used for similar materials. This study investigates the release of molybdenum and iron from powder particles of molybdenum metal (Mo), a ferromolybdenum alloy (FeMo), an iron metal powder (Fe), MoO2, and MoO3 in different synthetic body fluids of pH ranging from 1.5 to 7.4 and of different composition. Spectroscopic tools and cyclic voltammetry have been employed to characterize surface oxides, microscopy, light scattering and nitrogen absorption for particle characterization, and atomic absorption spectroscopy to quantify released amounts of metals. The release of molybdenum from the Mo powder generally increased with pH and was influenced by the fluid composition. The mixed iron and molybdenum surface oxide of the FeMo powder acted as a barrier both at acidic and weakly alkaline conditions. These findings underline the importance of the surface oxide characteristics for the bioaccessibility of metal alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mörsdorf
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mazinanian N, Odnevall Wallinder I, Hedberg Y. Comparison of the influence of citric acid and acetic acid as simulant for acidic food on the release of alloy constituents from stainless steel AISI 201. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inter-laboratory validation of bioaccessibility testing for metals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:170-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Correlation between surface physicochemical properties and the release of iron from stainless steel AISI 304 in biological media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:216-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Herting G, Jiang T, Sjöstedt C, Odnevall Wallinder I. Release of Si from silicon, a ferrosilicon (FeSi) alloy and a synthetic silicate mineral in simulated biological media. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107668. [PMID: 25225879 PMCID: PMC4166662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique quantitative bioaccessibility data has been generated, and the influence of surface/material and test media characteristics on the elemental release process were assessed for silicon containing materials in specific synthetic body fluids at certain time periods at a fixed loading. The metal release test protocol, elaborated by the KTH team, has previously been used for classification, ranking, and screening of different alloys and metals. Time resolved elemental release of Si, Fe and Al from particles, sized less than 50 µm, of two grades of metallurgical silicon (high purity silicon, SiHG, low purity silicon, SiLG), an alloy (ferrosilicon, FeSi) and a mineral (aluminium silicate, AlSi) has been investigated in synthetic body fluids of varying pH, composition and complexation capacity, simple models of for example dermal contact and digestion scenarios. Individual methods for analysis of released Si (as silicic acid, Si(OH)4) in synthetic body fluids using GF-AAS were developed for each fluid including optimisation of solution pH and graphite furnace parameters. The release of Si from the two metallurgical silicon grades was strongly dependent on both pH and media composition with the highest release in pH neutral media. No similar effect was observed for the FeSi alloy or the aluminium silicate mineral. Surface adsorption of phosphate and lactic acid were believed to hinder the release of Si whereas the presence of citric acid enhanced the release as a result of surface complexation. An increased presence of Al and Fe in the material (low purity metalloid, alloy or mineral) resulted in a reduced release of Si in pH neutral media. The release of Si was enhanced for all materials with Al at their outermost surface in acetic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Herting
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tao Jiang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carin Sjöstedt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stockmann-Juvala H, Hedberg Y, Dhinsa NK, Griffiths DR, Brooks PN, Zitting A, Wallinder IO, Santonen T. Inhalation toxicity of 316L stainless steel powder in relation to bioaccessibility. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:1137-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112472354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) considers metallic alloys, such as nickel (Ni)-containing stainless steel (SS), as mixtures of substances, without considering that alloys behave differently compared to their constituent metals. This study presents an approach using metal release, explained by surface compositional data, for the prediction of inhalation toxicity of SS AISI 316L. The release of Ni into synthetic biological fluids is >1000-fold lower from the SS powder than from Ni metal, due to the chromium(III)-rich surface oxide of SS. Thus, it was hypothesized that the inhalation toxicity of SS is significantly lower than what could be predicted based on Ni metal content. A 28-day inhalation study with rats exposed to SS 316L powder (<4 µm, mass median aerodynamic diameter 2.5–3.0 µm) at concentrations up to 1.0 mg/L showed accumulation of metal particles in the lung lobes, but no signs of inflammation, although Ni metal caused lung toxicity in a similar published study at significantly lower concentrations. It was concluded that the bioaccessible (released) fraction, rather than the elemental nominal composition, predicts the toxicity of SS powder. The study provides a basis for an approach for future validation, standardization and risk assessment of metal alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stockmann-Juvala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Chemical Safety Team, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - NK Dhinsa
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd. (formerly SafePharm Laboratories Ltd.), Derbyshire, UK
| | - DR Griffiths
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd. (formerly SafePharm Laboratories Ltd.), Derbyshire, UK
| | - PN Brooks
- Consultant in Experimental Pathology, Derbyshire, UK
| | - A Zitting
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Chemical Safety Team, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Odnevall Wallinder
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Chemical Safety Team, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Hedberg Y, Wang X, Hedberg J, Lundin M, Blomberg E, Wallinder IO. Surface-protein interactions on different stainless steel grades: effects of protein adsorption, surface changes and metal release. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1015-33. [PMID: 23378148 PMCID: PMC3620448 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Implantation using stainless steels (SS) is an example where an understanding of protein-induced metal release from SS is important when assessing potential toxicological risks. Here, the protein-induced metal release was investigated for austenitic (AISI 304, 310, and 316L), ferritic (AISI 430), and duplex (AISI 2205) grades in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solution containing either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or lysozyme (LSZ). The results show that both BSA and LSZ induce a significant enrichment of chromium in the surface oxide of all stainless steel grades. Both proteins induced an enhanced extent of released iron, chromium, nickel and manganese, very significant in the case of BSA (up to 40-fold increase), whereas both proteins reduced the corrosion resistance of SS, with the reverse situation for iron metal (reduced corrosion rates and reduced metal release in the presence of proteins). A full monolayer coverage is necessary to induce the effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hedberg
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Hedberg Y, Mazinanian N, Odnevall Wallinder I. Metal release from stainless steel powders and massive sheets--comparison and implication for risk assessment of alloys. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:381-392. [PMID: 25208703 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Industries that place metal and alloy products on the market are required to demonstrate that they are safe for all intended uses, and that any risks to humans, animals or the environment are adequately controlled. This requires reliable and robust in vitro test procedures. The aim of this study is to compare the release of alloy constituents from stainless steel powders of different grades (focus on AISI 316L) and production routes into synthetic body fluids with the release of the same metals from massive sheets in relation to material and surface characteristics. The comparison is justified by the fact that the difference between massive surfaces and powders from a metal release/dissolution and surface perspective is not clearly elucidated within current legislations. Powders and abraded and aged (24 h) massive sheets were exposed to synthetic solutions of relevance for biological settings and human exposure routes, for periods of up to one week. Concentrations of released iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese in solution were measured, and the effect of solution pH, acidity, complexation capacity, and proteins elucidated in relation to surface oxide composition and its properties. Implications for risk assessments based on in vitro metal release data from alloys are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Div. Surface and Corrosion Science, Dept. Chemistry, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Nickel release and surface characteristics of fine powders of nickel metal and nickel oxide in media of relevance for inhalation and dermal contact. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 65:135-46. [PMID: 23142754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Differences in surface oxide characteristics and extent of nickel release have been investigated in two thoroughly characterized micron-sized (mainly <4 μm) nickel metal powders and a nickel oxide bulk powder when immersed in two different synthetic fluids, artificial sweat (ASW-pH 6.5) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-pH 4.5) for time periods up to 24h. The investigation shows significantly more nickel released from the nickel metal powders (<88%) compared to the NiO powder (<0.1%), attributed to differences in surface properties. Significantly more nickel was released from the nickel metal powder with a thin surface oxide predominantly composed of non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (probably Ni(2)O(3)), compared to the release from the nickel metal powder with a thicker surface oxide predominantly composed of NiO and to a lesser extent Ni(2)O(3) (88% and 25% release after 24 h in ALF, respectively). Significantly lower amounts of nickel were released from the nickel metal powders in ASW (2.2% and <1%, respectively). The importance of particle and surface characteristics for any reliable risk assessment is discussed, and generated data compared with literature findings on bioaccessibility (released fraction) of nickel from powders of nickel metal and nickel oxide, and massive forms of nickel metal and nickel-containing alloys.
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33
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Hedberg Y, Lundin M, Jacksén J, Emmer Å, Blomberg E, Odnevall Wallinder I. Chromium–protein complexation studies by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry and MALDI-TOF–MS. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Hedberg Y, Hedberg J, Wallinder IO. Particle Characteristics and Metal Release From Natural Rutile (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and Zircon Particles in Synthetic Body Fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.31006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lundin M, Hedberg Y, Jiang T, Herting G, Wang X, Thormann E, Blomberg E, Wallinder IO. Adsorption and protein-induced metal release from chromium metal and stainless steel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 366:155-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Lupescu A, Jilani K, Zelenak C, Zbidah M, Qadri SM, Lang F. Hexavalent chromium-induced erythrocyte membrane phospholipid asymmetry. Biometals 2011; 25:309-18. [PMID: 22080200 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent (VI) chromium is a global contaminant with cytotoxic activity. Chromium (VI) induces oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, malignant transformation and may trigger carcinogenesis and at the same time apoptosis. The toxic effects of chromium (VI) at least partially result from mitochondrial injury and DNA damage. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei but may experience an apoptosis-like suicidal cell death, i.e. eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Eryptosis may result from increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, ATP depletion and/or ceramide formation. The present study explored, whether chromium (VI) triggers eryptosis. Fluo-3-fluorescence was employed to determine cytosolic Ca(2+)-concentration, forward scatter to estimate cell volume, binding of fluorescent annexin V to detect phosphatidylserine exposure, hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant to quantify hemolysis, luciferin-luciferase to determine cytosolic ATP concentration and fluorescent anti-ceramide antibodies to uncover ceramide formation. A 48 h exposure to chromium (VI) (≥10 μM) significantly increased cytosolic Ca(2+)-concentration, decreased ATP concentration (20 μM), decreased forward scatter, increased annexin V-binding and increased (albeit to a much smaller extent) hemolysis. Chromium (VI) did not significantly modify ceramide formation. The effect of 20 μM chromium (VI) on annexin V binding was partially reversed in the nominal absence of Ca(2+). The present observations disclose a novel effect of chromium (VI), i.e. Ca(2+) entry and cytosolic ATP depletion in erythrocytes, effects resulting in eryptosis with cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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