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Liu Y, Lin F, Yue X, Zhang S, Wang H, Xiao J, Cao H, Shi Y. Inhalation bioaccessibility of imidacloprid in particulate matter: Implications for risk assessment during spraying. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133986. [PMID: 38493632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Adverse health outcomes due to the inhalation of pesticide residues in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are gaining global attention. Quantitative health risk assessments of pesticide inhalation exposure highlight the need to understand the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues. Herein, the inhalation bioaccessibility of imidacloprid in PM was determined using three commonly used in vitro lung modeling methods (Artificial Lysosomal Fluid, Gamble Solution, and Simulated Lung Fluid). To validate its feasibility and effectiveness, we evaluated the bioavailability of imidacloprid using a mouse nasal instillation assay. The in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of imidacloprid was extracted using Gamble Solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1/1000, an oscillation rate of 150 r/min, and an extraction time of 24 h, showed a strong linear correlation with its in vivo liver-based bioavailability (R2 =0.8928). Moreover, the margin of exposure was incorporated into the inhalation exposure risk assessment, considering both formulations and nozzles. The inhalation unit exposure of imidacloprid for residents was 0.95-4.09 ng/m3. The margin of exposure for imidacloprid was determined to be acceptable when considering inhalation bioaccessibility. Taken together, these results indicate that the inhalation bioaccessibility of pesticides should be incorporated into assessments of human health risks posed by PM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Fengxiang Lin
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xingyu Yue
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Novo-Quiza N, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. A multi-residue method for the analysis of organic pollutants released from atmospheric PM 2.5 in simulated biological fluids: Inhalation bioaccessibility and bioavailability estimation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341862. [PMID: 37858566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, there has been a growing interest within the scientific community regarding the study of the fraction that could be released in simulated biological fluids to estimate in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of compounds. Concerning particulate matter (PM), studies were essentially focused on metal (oid)s probably due to more complex methodologies needed for organic compounds, requiring extraction and pre-concentration steps from simulated fluids, followed by chromatographic analysis. Thus, the development of a simple and sensitive methodology for the analysis of multi-class organic compounds released in different inhalation simulated fluids would represent a great contribution to the field. RESULTS In this work, a methodology for the analysis of 49 organic pollutants, including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols released in simulated fluids from PM2.5 samples was developed. After a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) by using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and a simulated body fluid (SBF, filling a dialysis membrane) to obtain in vitro inhalation bioaccessible and bioavailable fractions, respectively; compounds were determined by a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) and a subsequent analysis by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS/MS). Experimental conditions concerning VALLE extraction (extraction time and amount of NaCl (g)) were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD), best MS/MS transitions were selected and matrix-matched calibration combined with use of labelled subrogate standards provided high sensitivity, minimization of matrix effects and recovering losses compensation. SIGNIFICANCE The successful validation results obtained for most of the compounds demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the analysis of multi-class organic pollutants released in ALF and SBF for inhalation bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment, respectively. Furthermore, applicability of the method was proved by analysing 20 p.m.2.5 samples, being the proposed in vitro PBET dialyzability approach for assessing organic pollutant's inhalation bioavailability applied to PM2.5 samples for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Natalia Novo-Quiza
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Liu X, Wang X, Xue Q, Tian Y, Feng Y. Inhalation bioaccessibility and risk assessment for PM-bound organic components: Co-effects of component physicochemical properties, PM properties, and sources. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132291. [PMID: 37591173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation bioaccessibility and deposition in respiratory tracts of organic components in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are key factors for accurately estimating health risks and understanding human exposures. This study evaluated the in-vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives, phthalic acid esters (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in size-resolved PM from a Chinese megacity. The bioaccessibility ranged from 0.2% to 77.8% in the heating period (HP), and from 0.7% to 94.2% in the non-heating period (NHP). Result suggests that less hydrophobic organics might be more bioaccessible. Bioaccessibility of medium logKow organics in sizes > 0.65 µm was significantly inhibited by high carbon fractions, indicating the co-effects. Then, this is the first study to explore effects of sources on inhalation bioaccessibility of organics. Coal and biomass combustion in HP and traffic emission in NHP negatively correlated with bioaccessibility. Secondary particles also negatively correlated with bioaccessibility of medium logKow organics. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancer risk (HQ) for all measured components in PM10 were estimated after considering the bioaccessibility and deposition efficiencies and the HQ and ILCR were within the acceptable range. BaP and DEHP were strong contributors to HQ and ILCR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yinchang Feng
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Novo-Quiza N, Pernas-Castaño C, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Inhalation bioaccessibility of multi-class organic pollutants associated to atmospheric PM 2.5: Correlation with PM 2.5 properties and health risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119577. [PMID: 35688393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a global concern due to the adverse effects in human health. In the last years, scientific community has been adopted the assessment of the PM2.5-bound pollutant fraction that could be released (bioaccessible fraction) in simulated lung fluids (SLFs) to achieve a better understanding of PM risk assessment and toxicological studies. Thus, bioaccessibility of 49 organic pollutants, including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols in PM2.5 samples was evaluated. The proposed method consists of a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) by using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) to obtain bioaccessible fractions, followed by a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) and a final analysis by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS/MS). The highest inhalation bioaccessibility ratio was found for bisphenol A (BPA) with an average of 83%, followed by OPFRs, PAEs and PAHs (with average bioaccessibilities of 68%, 41% and 34%, respectively). Correlations between PM2.5 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and bioaccessibility ratios were also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested that PAHs, PAES and OPFRs bioaccessibility ratios could be positively correlated with PM2.5 carbonaceous content. Furthermore, both inverse and positive correlations on PAHs, PAEs and OPFRs bioaccessibilites could be accounted for some major ions and metal (oid)s associated to PM2.5, whereas no correlations comprising considered PM2.5 major ions and metal (oid)s contents and BPA bioaccessibility was observed. In addition, health risk assessment of target PM2.5-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed in the study area considering both total and bioaccessible concentrations, being averaged human health risks within the safe carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Natalia Novo-Quiza
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Pernas-Castaño
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Shi F, Ju J, Zhang X, Zheng R, Xiong F, Liu J. Evaluating the inhalation bioaccessibility of traffic-impacted particulate matter-bound PAHs in a road tunnel by simulated lung fluids. Sci Total Environ 2022; 832:155046. [PMID: 35390378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most highly concerned pollutants bound on traffic-impacted particulate matter (TIPM). The inhaled TIPM-bound PAHs risk has attracted much attention, whereas the inhalation bioaccessibility, a method to refine the exposure risk assessment, has not yet been extensively introduced in the exposure risk assessment. Thus, in vitro assays using artificial lung fluids including artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), Gamble's solution (GS), and modified GS (MGS) were conducted to assess the inhalation bioaccessibility of USEPA 16 PAHs in TIPM collected from an expressway tunnel, the influence factors of PAHs' inhalation bioaccessibility were explored, and the exposure risk of TIPM-bound PAHs was estimated based on inhalation bioaccessibility. Results showed that the average PAHs concentrations were 30.5 ± 12.9 ng/m3, 36.2 ± 5.19 ng/m3, and 39.9 ± 4.31 ng/m3 in the tunnel inlet PM2.5, TSP, and tunnel center PM2.5, respectively. Phe, Flt, Pyr, Nap, Chr, BbF, and BkF were found as the dominant species in TSP and PM2.5, indicating a dominant contribution of PAHs from diesel-fueled vehicular emissions. The bioaccessible fractions measured for different PAH species in tunnel PM2.5 and TSP were highly variable, which can be attributed to PAHs' physicochemical properties, size, and carbonaceous materials of TIPM. The addition of Tenax into SLF as an "adsorption sink" can greatly increase PAHs' inhalation bioaccessibility, but DPPC has a limited effect on tunnel PM-bound PAHs' bioaccessibility. The incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) of tunnel inlet PM2.5-bound PAHs evaluated according to their total mass concentration exceeded the threshold (1.0 × 10-6) set by the USEPA, whereas the ILCRs estimated based on the inhalation bioaccessibility were far below the threshold. Hence, it is vitally important to take into consideration of pollutant's bioaccessibility to refine health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingxue Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ronggang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- JiangXi Gannan Highway Survey and Design Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Huang Y, Hu H, Fu B, Zou C, Liu H, Liu X, Wang L, Luo G, Yao H. Fine particulate-bound arsenic and selenium from coal-fired power plants: Formation, removal and bioaccessibility. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153723. [PMID: 35150677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in fine particulate matter (PM10) have attracted increasing attentions due to their health effects. However, the emission control of fine particulate-bound arsenic and selenium (fine particulate-bound As/Se) from coal-fired power plants still faces various challenges. Understanding the formation and characteristics of fine particulate-bound As/Se is crucial for developing specific control technologies. This study clarifies the formation mechanism, removal characteristics, and inhalation bioaccessibility of fine particulate-bound As/Se from industrial coal-fired power plants through methods including aerosol generation, As/Se speciation determination, and in vitro bioaccessibility testing. The findings demonstrated that PM1 from pulverized coal-fired (PC) boilers was enriched with As/Se in terms of concentration and mass distribution. Instead, As/Se was mainly distributed in PM2.5-10 from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. Limestone injection in CFB boilers promoted As/Se enrichment in coarse PM. Fine particulate-bound As was mainly formed by chemical adsorption of As vapors by Ca-minerals, while the formation of fine particulate-bound Se was closely related to active Ca-minerals and Fe-minerals. Furthermore, Ca-bound As was easy to remove by electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and the removal of physically adsorbed SeO2(s) was difficult, which was caused by the specific resistivity of different mineral components. Importantly, finer particulate-bound As/Se posed higher inhalation bioaccessibility, following the order of PM1 ≥ PM1-2.5 > PM2.5-10. In particular, Ca-bound Se in fine PM owned high bioaccessibility. Based on these findings, measures were proposed to suppress the formation of fine particulate-bound As/Se in the furnace and/or strengthen its removal in the post-combustion stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Biao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangqian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Li S, Qiu Y, Chang M, Sun Z, He F, Li H. Effect of Soil Properties and Aging Time on Oral and Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:967-974. [PMID: 34132817 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soils spiked with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) or Cu(NO3)2 and aged as long as 90 days were utilized to investigate effect of soil properties and aging on oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of CuO NPs. Results showed that oral bioaccessibility of CuO NPs in gastric phase (GP) ranged from 70% to 84%, it significantly decreased to 50%-70% in intestinal phase (IP). The inhalation bioaccessibility of CuO NPs in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) ranged from 66% to 85%, and much higher than that in Gamble's solution (GS, 3.3%-23%). By comparing CuO NPs to Cu(NO3)2 bioaccessibility, insignificant difference was found. The aging time (D15 and D90) had limited effect on their oral and inhalation bioaccessibility. CEC and free Al were positively and clay content was negatively correlated with CuO NPs inhalation bioaccessibility, while Cu(NO3)2 inhalation bioaccessibility decreased with increasing soil clay content and pH. Our findings provide an essential basis to evaluate the human health risks of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Minghui Chang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zongquan Sun
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fang He
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Helian Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Zupančič M, Šušteršič M, Bavec Š, Gosar M. Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in household dust from former Hg mining district, Idrija, Slovenia. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:3505-3531. [PMID: 33570697 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the main sources of potential chronic exposure to potentially toxic elements is household dust, especially in an environment with known point sources of PTE pollution. The literature review clearly shows that the total concentrations of an element in the environment do not provide information to predict its bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of PTE present in household dust in the small town of Idrija, the site of the former mercury mine. Unified bioaccessibility method was used to assess oral bioaccessibility of PTE in the stomach and intestine, while inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed by extraction of household dust samples with two synthetic extraction solutions-Gamble's solution (GS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). A low bioaccessibility of mercury was observed in all synthetic solutions (less than 3%). The highest bioaccessibility of PTE was observed in ALF solution, especially for Zn, Pb and Cd. Only a slightly lower bioaccessibility of these three elements was also observed in the stomach, while the bioaccessibility of other elements in the gastric phase was less than 40%. In general, the bioaccessibility of all elements decreased in the intestine. With the exception of Cr, the lowest bioaccessibility of the elements was observed in GS. Daily ingestion and inhalation doses of PTE from household dust were calculated and their values were below the available recommended or tolerable daily intakes of PTE from food according to the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zupančič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Špela Bavec
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Gosar
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhao Z, Luo XS, Jing Y, Li H, Pang Y, Wu L, Chen Q, Jin L. In vitro assessments of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PM 2.5 trace metals in respiratory and digestive systems and their oxidative potential. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:124638. [PMID: 33308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental issue. As a key aerosol component, PM2.5 associated toxic trace metals pose significant health risks by inhalation and ingestion, but the evidences and mechanisms were insufficient and not well understood just by their total environmental concentrations. To accurately assess the potential risks of airborne metals, a series of in vitro physiologically based tests with synthetic human lung and gastrointestinal fluids were conducted to assess both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of various PM2.5 bound metals in the respiratory and digestive systems from both urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city. Moreover, the chemical acellular toxicity test [dithiothreitol (DTT) assay] and source analysis were performed. Generally, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of investigated metals were element and body fluid dependent. Source oriented metals in PM2.5 showed diverse bioaccessibility in different human organs. The PM2.5 induced oxidative potential was mainly contributed by the bioaccessible/bioavailable transition metals such as Fe, Ni and Co from metallurgic dust and traffic emission. Future researches on the toxicological mechanisms of airborne metals incorporating the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and toxicity tests are directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yuanshu Jing
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lichun Wu
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Expósito A, Markiv B, Ruiz-Azcona L, Santibáñez M, Fernández-Olmo I. Understanding how methodological aspects affect the release of trace metal(loid)s from urban dust in inhalation bioaccessibility tests. Chemosphere 2021; 267:129181. [PMID: 33340883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in ambient particulate matter (PM) has been recently used to represent the risk of inhalation exposure. Nevertheless, different methodological factors affect the bioaccessibility values; among these, the type and composition of surrogate biological fluids and the liquid to solid ratio have been revealed to be the most important. To better understand how these methodological aspects affect the bioaccessibility, a reference material corresponding to urban dust (SRM1648a) was contacted with synthetic biological fluids commonly used in the literature representing surrogate fluids that may interact with fine (Gamble's solutions, artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF)) and coarse particles (gastric fluid), for liquid to solid (L/S) ratios ranging from 500 to 20,000. Visual MINTEQ 3.1. was used to enhance the discussion on how the solubility of metals in the leaching solution depends on the composition of the simulated fluids and the speciation of metals. The results obtained indicate that a small change in the composition of Gamble's solution (the presence of glycine) may increase significantly the bioaccessibility at a L/S ratio of 5,000. The highest bioaccessibility of most of the studied metal(loid)s at a L/S ratio of 5,000 was found for ALF fluid. The study of the effect of the L/S ratio showed that metal(loid)s bioaccessibility in Gamble's fluid increased logarithmically with increasing L/S ratio, while it remained practically constant in ALF and gastric fluid. This different behavior is explained assuming that the leaching of metal(loid)s in Gamble's solution is solubility-controlled, while in ALF and gastric fluid is availability-controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Expósito
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain.
| | - B Markiv
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
| | - L Ruiz-Azcona
- Department of Nursing. Global Health Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
| | - M Santibáñez
- Department of Nursing. Global Health Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Olmo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
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11
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Concha-Graña E, Fernández-Amado M, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Inhalation bioaccessibility estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from atmospheric particulate matter (PM 10): Influence of PM 10 composition and health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127847. [PMID: 32814136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed in 65 atmospheric particulate matter samples (PM10) collected at an Atlantic coastal European urban site. The proposed method consists on a physiologically based extraction (PBET) by using Gamble's solution followed by a vortex assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The use of a micro-extraction technique combined with FLD detection, provides a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and low-cost methodology to PAHs quantification in bioaccessible fractions. Accuracy of the bioaccessibility study was assessed by means of a mass balance approaches using a PM10 filter and a certified reference material (ERM-CZ100). High-moderate inhalation bioaccessibilities were found for phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Ft) and pyrene (Pyr) (average ratios in the 52-65% range); while dibenz (a,h)anthracene (DBahA), indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) and benzo (g,h,i)perylene (BghiP) were observed to be less bioaccessibles (average ratios in the 11-14% range). Relationship between PM10 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and PAHs bioaccessibility ratios was also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that PAHs bioaccessibility percentage is dependent on anthropogenic (eBC, UVPM and Sb concentrations) and marine sources of PM10. Predicted PAHs bioaccessibilities after applying a multiple linear regression model based on marine and anthropogenic source of PM10 could also be established. Health risk assessment of target PM10-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed considering bioaccessibility concentrations by using hazard index (HI) and BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) approaches, suggesting no carcinogenic risk in the area during the sampling campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Amado
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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12
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van der Kallen CC, Gosselin M, Zagury GJ. Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils: Assessment of particle size influence. Sci Total Environ 2020; 734:139412. [PMID: 32464400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples adjacent to ten CCA-treated utility poles were collected, sieved into four fractions (<2 mm, 250-90 μm, 90-20 μm and <20 μm), and characterized for their total metal(loid) (As, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn) content and physico-chemical properties. Oral bioaccessibility tests were performed using In Vitro Gastrointestinal (IVG) method for fractions 250-90 μm and 90-20 μm. Inhalation bioaccessibility tests were performed in particle size fraction <20 μm using two simulated lung fluids: artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble's solution (GS). The total concentration of metal(loid)s increased with decreasing particle size. Oral As bioaccessibility (%) increased with increasing particle size in 9 out of 10 soils (p < .05), but oral As bioaccessibility expressed in mg/kg was not significantly different for both particle size. Oral Cu bioaccessibility (% and mg/kg) was not influenced by particle size, but oral Cr bioaccessibility (% and mg/kg) increased when reducing particle size (p < .05), although Cr bioaccessibility was very low (< 8%). Oral bioaccessibility (%) of metal(loid)s decreased in the order: Cu > As > Pb > Zn > Cr. Bioaccessibility (%) in simulated lung fluids decreased in the order: Cu > Zn > As > Pb ≈ Cr using ALF, and As > Cu using GS solution. For all elements, inhalation bioaccessibility (% and mg/kg) using ALF was higher than oral bioaccessibility, except for Pb bioaccessibility (mg/kg) in two samples. However, solubility of metal(loid)s in GS presented the lowest values. Copper showed the highest oral and inhalation bioaccessibility (%) and Cr showed the lowest. Moreover, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity in particle size 90-20 μm were negatively correlated with Cu and Pb oral bioaccessibility (%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C van der Kallen
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gosselin
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gerald J Zagury
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada.
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13
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Gosselin M, Zagury GJ. Metal(loid)s inhalation bioaccessibility and oxidative potential of particulate matter from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124557. [PMID: 31422311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Field-collected chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils and associated particulate matter (PM) were characterized for their total metal(loid)s content (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and physicochemical properties. Copper, Ni, Pb and Zn fractionation (using sequential extraction) and inhalation bioaccessibility (using two lung fluids) of trace elements were assessed in PM samples. In Gamble's solution (GS), low average bioaccessibility (up to 12%) was observed for As, Cu, Mn, and Ni. A strong correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.005, n = 9) between the soluble and exchangeable fraction (F1) and bioaccessibility in GS was observed for Cu. Inhalation bioaccessibility in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) was higher for Cu (avg. 78.5 ± 4.2%), Mn (avg. 56.8 ± 12.1%), Zn (avg. 54.8 ± 24.5%) and As (avg. 45.4 ± 18.8%). Strong correlations between inhalation bioaccessibility in ALF and the mobile (i.e. F1+F2) metal fraction were observed for all tested metals (i.e. (Cu (r = 0.95, p < 0.005), Ni (r = 0.79, p < 0.05), Pb (r = 0.92, p < 0.005) and Zn (r = 0.98, p < 0.005)), n = 9). The oxidative potential (OP) of PM was also assessed using an ascorbate (AA) depletion assay (OPAA). Mobile Cu fractions were deemed to be the main factor influencing OPAA ((F1 (r = 0.99, p < 0.005), F2 (r = 0.97, p < 0.005)), n = 9) in PM samples. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.005, n = 10) was also observed between Cu bioaccessibility in GS and OPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gosselin
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gerald J Zagury
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal (QC), H3C 3A7, Canada.
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14
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Li Y, Juhasz AL, Ma LQ, Cui X. Inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs in PM 2.5: Implications for risk assessment and toxicity prediction. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:56-64. [PMID: 30195131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 46 PM2.5 samples collected from Nanjing, China were analyzed for total PAH concentration, with 14 samples assessed for PAH inhalation bioaccessibility and dioxin toxicity. The concentration of 19 PAH compounds in PM2.5 ranged from 4.03 to 102 ng m-3. When PAH inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed using simulated epithelial lung fluid, mean bioaccessibility values ranged from 3.21% (Benzo(c)fluorene) to 44.2% (Acenaphthylene). Benzo(a)pyrene concentration in 50% of the PM2.5 samples exceeded the Chinese air quality standard of 2.5 ng m-3, however, when bioaccessibility was considered, all samples were below the criterion. Similarly, the cancer risk probability for all PM2.5 samples was >10-4 incidences on the basis of total PAH concentration, while only 37% of samples posed a risk >10-4 after incorporation of bioaccessibility. Dioxin toxicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs was also investigated by characterizing mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 superfamily members in human lung cells (A549 cell). Compared to total PAH concentration, the use of bioaccessible concentration was better at predicting dioxin toxicity of PM2.5-associated PAHs (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.40-0.83 with p < 0.05). This study indicates that PAH inhalation bioaccessibility is an important consideration when assessing and predicting the risk posed by PM2.5 particles, which is particularly important for countries with deteriorating air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Kastury F, Smith E, Juhasz AL. A critical review of approaches and limitations of inhalation bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s from ambient particulate matter or dust. Sci Total Environ 2017; 574:1054-1074. [PMID: 27672736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of metal(loid)s in ambient particulate matter (APM) represents a significant exposure pathway to humans. Although exposure assessment associated with this pathway is currently based on total metal(loid) content, a bioavailability (i.e. absorption in the systemic circulation) and/or bioaccessibility (i.e. solubility in simulated lung fluid) based approach may more accurately quantify exposure. Metal(loid) bioavailability-bioaccessibility assessment from APM is inherently complex and lacks consensus. This paper reviews the discrepancies that impede the adoption of a universal protocol for the assessment of inhalation bioaccessibility. Exposure assessment approaches for in-vivo bioavailability, in-vitro cell culture and in-vitro bioaccessibility (composition of simulated lungs fluid, physico-chemical and methodological considerations) are critiqued in the context of inhalation exposure refinement. An important limitation of bioavailability and bioaccessibility studies is the use of considerably higher than environmental metal(loid) concentration, which diminishing their relevance to human exposure scenarios. Similarly, individual metal(loid) studies have been criticised due to complexities of APM metal(loid) mixtures which may impart synergistic or antagonistic effects compared to single metal(loid) exposure. Although a number of different simulated lung fluid (SLF) compositions have been used in metal(loid) bioaccessibility studies, information regarding the comparative leaching efficiency among these different SLF and comparisons to in-vivo bioavailability data is lacking. In addition, the particle size utilised is often not representative of what is deposited in the lungs while assay parameters (extraction time, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and agitation) are often not biologically relevant. Research needs are identified in order to develop robust in-vitro bioaccessibility protocols for the assessment or prediction of metal(loid) bioavailability in APM for the refinement of inhalation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kastury
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Euan Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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16
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Li SW, Li HB, Luo J, Li HM, Qian X, Liu MM, Bi J, Cui XY, Ma LQ. Influence of pollution control on lead inhalation bioaccessibility in PM2.5: A case study of 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing. Environ Int 2016; 94:69-75. [PMID: 27209002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution controls were implemented to improve the air quality for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in Nanjing. To investigate the influence of pollution control on Pb inhalation bioaccessibility in PM2.5, samples were collected before, during, and after YOG. The objectives were to identify Pb sources in PM2.5 using stable isotope fingerprinting technique and compare Pb inhalation bioaccessibility in PM2.5 using two simulated lung fluids. While artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) simulates interstitial fluid at pH 7.4, Gamble's solution simulates fluid in alveolar macrophages at pH 4.5. The Pb concentration in PM2.5 samples during YOG (88.2ngm(-3)) was 44-48% lower than that in non-YOG samples. Based on stable Pb isotope ratios, Pb in YOG samples was mainly from coal combustion while Pb in non-YOG samples was from coal combustion and smelting activities. While Pb bioaccessibility in YOG samples was lower than those in non-YOG samples (59-79% vs. 55-87%) by ALF, it was higher than those in non-YOG samples (11-29% vs. 5.3-21%) based on Gamble's solution, attributing to the lower pH and organic acids in ALF. Different Pb bioaccessibility in PM2.5 between samples resulted from changes in Pb species due to pollution control. PbSO4 was the main Pb species in PM2.5 from coal combustion, which was less soluble in ALF than PbO from smelting activities, but more soluble in Gamble's solution. This study showed it is important to consider Pb bioaccessibility during pollution control as source control not only reduced Pb contamination in PM2.5 but also influenced Pb bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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17
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Boisa N, Elom N, Dean JR, Deary ME, Bird G, Entwistle JA. Development and application of an inhalation bioaccessibility method (IBM) for lead in the PM10 size fraction of soil. Environ Int 2014; 70:132-42. [PMID: 24934854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An approach for assessing the inhalation bioaccessibility of Pb in the PM10 size fraction is presented, using an in vitro simulated epithelial lung fluid to represent the extracellular environment of the lung. The developed inhalation bioaccessibility method (IBM) is applied to a range of urban surface soils and mining wastes obtained from Mitrovica, Kosovo, a site where impacts upon human health following exposure to Pb have been internationally publicised. All Pb determinations were undertaken by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The pseudo-total concentration of Pb (microwave acid digestion using aqua-regia) varied between matrices: smelter (20,900-72,800mgkg(-1)), topsoil (274-13,700mgkg(-1)), and tailings (2990mgkg(-1)-25,300mgkg(-1)). The in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility was typically several orders of magnitude lower: smelter (7.0-965mgkg(-1)), topsoil (9.8-1060mgkg(-1)), and tailings (0.7mgkg(-1)-49.2mgkg(-1)). The % inhalation bioaccessibility ranged from 0.02 to 11.0%, with the higher inhalation bioaccessible Pb concentrations being observed for samples from the Bosniak Mahalla area of Mitrovica (an area proposed for the relocation of internally displaced peoples). The estimated inhalation dose (for adults) calculated from the PM10 pseudo-total Pb concentration ranged from 0.369 to 1.284μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (smelter), 0.005-0.242μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (topsoil), and 0.053-0.446μgkg(-1)BWday(-1) (tailings). When daily inhalation doses were calculated using the bioaccessible Pb concentration the modelled exposure doses were much lower: smelter (0.0001-0.0170μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)), topsoil (0.0002-0.0187μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)) and tailings (0.0001-0.0009μgkg(-1)BWday(-1)). Modelled for the neutral pH conditions of the interstitial lung environment, the results indicate a low potential inhalation bioaccessibility for Pb in these samples. Given the already elevated environmental Pb burden experienced by the local population, where significant prolonged dust or particulate generating activities are taking place, or where the inhaled particles are phagocytized, then inhalation exposure has the potential to significantly add to the overall Pb burden. Such data are important for local policy makers to better enable them to assess risk, especially in areas where soils/dusts have elevated levels of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndokiari Boisa
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Nwabueze Elom
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John R Dean
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Michael E Deary
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Graham Bird
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jane A Entwistle
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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