1
|
Zhao H, Chen W, Li F, Wang X, Pan X, Liu Y, Wang L, Sun W, Li F, Jiang S. Dissecting the long-term neurobehavioral impact of embryonic benz[a]anthracene exposure on zebrafish: Social dysfunction and molecular pathway activation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172615. [PMID: 38657801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), a prevalent environmental contaminant within the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon class, poses risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. The impact of BaA on neural development and subsequent social behavior patterns remains inadequately explored. In this investigation, we employed the zebrafish as a model to examine the persisting effects of BaA exposure on social behaviors across various developmental stages, from larvae, juveniles to adults, following embryonic exposure. Our findings indicate that BaA exposure during embryogenesis yields lasting neurobehavioral deficits into adulthood. Proteomic analysis highlights that BaA may impair neuro-immune crosstalk in zebrafish larvae. Remarkably, our proteomic data also hint at the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) pathway by BaA, leading to the hypothesis that this pathway may be implicated in the disruption of neuro-immune interactions, contributing to observable behavioral disruptions. In summary, our findings suggest that early exposure to BaA disrupts social behaviors, such as social ability and shoaling behaviors, from the larval stage through to maturity in zebrafish, potentially through the detrimental effects on neuro-immune processes mediated by the AHR-CYP1A pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichu Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weiran Chen
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren F, Yang C, Feng K, Shang Q, Liu J, Kang X, Wang X, Wang X. An exploration of causal relationships between nine neurological diseases and the risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7101-7118. [PMID: 38663930 PMCID: PMC11087125 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some preceding researches have observed that certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, may affect breast cancer risk. However, whether there are causal relationships between these neurological conditions and breast cancer is inconclusive. This study was designed to explore whether neurological disorders affected the risks of breast cancer overall and of the two subtypes (ER+ and ER-). METHODS In the course of this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for nine neurological diseases (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, generalized epilepsy, intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral atherosclerosis, brain glioblastoma, and benign meningeal tumour) were collected from the Complex Trait Genetics lab and the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extensively associated with these neurological ailments had been recognized as instrumental variables (IVs). GWAS data on breast cancer were collected from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses as well as multivariable MR analyses were performed to determine whether these SNPs contributed to breast cancer risk. Additionally, the accuracy of the results was evaluated using the false discovery rate (FDR) multiple correction method. Both heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated by analyzing sensitivities. RESULTS According to the results of two-sample MR analyses, Alzheimer's disease significantly reduced the risks of overall (OR 0.925, 95% CI [0.871-0.982], P = 0.011) and ER+ (OR 0.912, 95% CI [0.853-0.975], P = 0.007) breast cancer, but there was a negative result in ER- breast cancer. However, after multiple FDR corrections, the effect of Alzheimer's disease on overall breast cancer was not statistically significant. In contrast, multiple sclerosis significantly increased ER+ breast cancer risk (OR 1.007, 95% CI [1.003-1.011], P = 0.001). In addition, the multivariable MR analyses showed that Alzheimer's disease significantly reduced the risk of ER+ breast cancer (IVW: OR 0.929, 95% CI [0.864-0.999], P=0.047; MR-Egger: OR 0.916, 95% CI [0.846-0.992], P=0.031); however, multiple sclerosis significantly increased the risk of ER+ breast cancer (IVW: OR 1.008, 95% CI [1.003-1.012], P=4.35×10-4; MR-Egger: OR 1.008, 95% CI [1.003-1.012], P=5.96×10-4). There were no significant associations between the remainder of the neurological diseases and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study found the trends towards a decreased risk of ER+ breast cancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease and an increased risk in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, due to the limitations of Mendelian randomization, we cannot determine whether there are definite causal relationships between neurological diseases and breast cancer risk. For conclusive evidences, more prospective randomized controlled trials will be needed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiyu Kang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali M, Wani SUD, Dey T, Sridhar SB, Qadrie ZL. A common molecular and cellular pathway in developing Alzheimer and cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101625. [PMID: 38225990 PMCID: PMC10788207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major diseases and still, there is no clearly defined molecular mechanism. There is an opposite relation between cancer and AD which are the proportion of emerging cancer was importantly slower in AD patients, whereas slow emerging AD in patients with cancer. In cancer, regulation of cell mechanisms is interrupted by an increase in cell survival and proliferation, while on the contrary, AD is related to augmented neuronal death, that may be either produced by or associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposition. Stated that the probability that disruption of mechanisms takes part in the regulation of cell survival/death and might be implicated in both diseases. The mechanism of actions such as DNA-methylation, genetic polymorphisms, or another mechanism of actions that induce alteration in the action of drugs with significant roles in resolving the finding to repair and live or die might take part in the pathogenesis of these two ailments. The functions of miRNA, p53, Pin1, the Wnt signaling pathway, PI3 KINASE/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway GRK2 signaling pathway, and the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress are presented in this review as potential candidates which hypothetically describe inverse relations between cancer and AD. Innovative materials almost mutual mechanisms in the aetiology of cancer and AD advocates novel treatment approaches. Among these treatment strategies, the most promising use treatment such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, protein kinase C, and bexarotene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagar, Nagamagala, Bellur, Karnataka, 571418, India
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Sathvik B. Sridhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, PO Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biochemical interaction of pyrvinium in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating calcium dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110020. [PMID: 35750223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a poor clinical prognosis and increases the risk of chronic kidney failure (CKD). It is a common complication of organ failure in hospitalised patients (10-15% of all hospitalizations) and in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with an incidence of up to 50%. Concerning ICU, AKI has a mortality rate ranging from 27% to 35%, rising to 60%-65% when dialysis is needed, with roughly 5%-20% of survivors requiring dialysis on discharge. AKI is believed to cause over 7 million deaths per year worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment for AKI or its progression to CKD. When activated by AKI, numerous pathways have been suggested as possible contributors to CKD progression. Wnt/β-catenin is a crucial regulator of kidney development that increases following the injury. Despite the overwhelming evidence that Wnt/β-catenin promotes AKI, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a hallmark of CKD progression, is also promoted by this pathway. The therapeutic potential of Wnt/β-catenin in the treatment of AKI and the progression from AKI to CKD is being studied. This hypothesis aims to determine whether the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor pyrvinium has a beneficial effect on the renal dysfunction and damage caused by Gentamicin.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagu P, Sharma V, Behl T, Pathan AKA, Mehta V. Molecular Insights to the Wnt Signaling During Alzheimer's Disorder: a Potential Target for Therapeutic Interventions. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:679-690. [PMID: 34997460 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, Wnt signaling is crucial for neurogenesis, and it also regulates neuronal development, neuronal maturation, neuronal differential, and proliferation. Impaired Wnt signaling pathways are associated with enhanced levels of amyloid-β, reduced β-catenin levels, and increased expression of GSK-3β enzyme, suggesting its direct association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disorder (AD). These findings are consolidated by reports where activation of Wnt signaling by genetic factors and pharmacological intervention has improved the cognitive functions in animals and restored neurogenesis in the adult brain. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been identified that modulate Wnt signaling in the adult brain and promote neurogenesis and alleviate behavioral dysfunction. These molecules include lithium, valproic acid, ethosuximide, selenomethionine, curcumin, andrographolide, xanthoceraside, huperzine A, pyridostigmine, ginkgolide-B, ricinine, cannabidiol, and resveratrol. These molecules are associated with the DKK1 and GSK-3β inhibition and β-catenin stabilization along with their effects on neurogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and differentiation in the hippocampus through modulation of Wnt signaling and thereby could prove beneficial in the management of AD pathogenesis. Although modulation of the Wnt signaling seems to suggest to be promising in the management of AD, unfortunately, most of the literature available for the association of Wnt signaling and AD pathogenesis is either from preclinical studies or post-mortem brain. Therefore, it will be interesting to understand the role of Wnt signaling in AD patients, and a rigorous investigation could provide us with a better understanding of AD pathogenesis and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nagu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amjad Khan A Pathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zabłocka A, Kazana W, Sochocka M, Stańczykiewicz B, Janusz M, Leszek J, Orzechowska B. Inverse Correlation Between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: Short Overview. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6335-6349. [PMID: 34523079 PMCID: PMC8639554 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The negative association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer suggests that susceptibility to one disease may protect against the other. When biological mechanisms of AD and cancer and relationship between them are understood, the unsolved problem of both diseases which still touches the growing human population could be overcome. Actual information about biological mechanisms and common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, age-related metabolic deregulation, and family history is presented here. Common signaling pathways, e.g., p53, Wnt, role of Pin1, and microRNA, are discussed as well. Much attention is also paid to the potential impact of chronic viral, bacterial, and fungal infections that are responsible for the inflammatory pathway in AD and also play a key role to cancer development. New data about common mechanisms in etiopathology of cancer and neurological diseases suggests new therapeutic strategies. Among them, the use of nilotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, protein kinase C, and bexarotene is the most promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Kazana
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Bartla 5, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Janusz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Orzechowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spencer PS, Kisby GE. Role of Hydrazine-Related Chemicals in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1953-1969. [PMID: 34379394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine-related chemicals (HRCs) with carcinogenic and neurotoxic potential are found in certain mushrooms and plants used for food and in products employed in various industries, including aerospace. Their propensity to induce DNA damage (mostly O6-, N7- and 8-oxo-guanine lesions) resulting in multiple downstream effects is linked with both cancer and neurological disease. For cycling cells, unrepaired DNA damage leads to mutation and uncontrolled mitosis. By contrast, postmitotic neurons attempt to re-enter the cell cycle but undergo apoptosis or nonapoptotic cell death. Biomarkers of exposure to HRCs can be used to explore whether these substances are risk factors for sporadic amyotrophic laterals sclerosis and other noninherited neurodegenerative diseases, which is the focus of this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Glen E Kisby
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mossink B, Negwer M, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N. The emerging role of chromatin remodelers in neurodevelopmental disorders: a developmental perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2517-2563. [PMID: 33263776 PMCID: PMC8004494 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are a large group of disorders in which early insults during brain development result in a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of clinical diagnoses. Mutations in genes coding for chromatin remodelers are overrepresented in NDD cohorts, pointing towards epigenetics as a convergent pathogenic pathway between these disorders. In this review we detail the role of NDD-associated chromatin remodelers during the developmental continuum of progenitor expansion, differentiation, cell-type specification, migration and maturation. We discuss how defects in chromatin remodelling during these early developmental time points compound over time and result in impaired brain circuit establishment. In particular, we focus on their role in the three largest cell populations: glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and glia cells. An in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal role of chromatin remodelers during neurodevelopment can contribute to the identification of molecular targets for treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mossink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Negwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moorthy H, Govindaraju T. Dendrimer Architectonics to Treat Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases with Implications in Theranostics and Personalized Medicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1115-1139. [PMID: 35014470 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions in a single platform namely theranostics has become a cornerstone for personalized medicine. Theranostics platform facilitates noninvasive detection and treatment while allowing the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in case of chronic conditions of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Theranostic tools function by themselves or with the aid of carrier, viz. liposomes, micelles, polymers, or dendrimers. The dendrimer architectures (DA) are well-characterized molecular nanoobjects with a large number of terminal functional groups to enhance solubility and offer multivalency and multifunctional properties. Various noninvasive diagnostic tools like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), gamma scintigraphy, and optical techniques have been accomplished utilizing DAs for simultaneous imaging and drug delivery. Obstacles in the formulation design, drug loading, payload delivery, biocompatibility, overcoming cellular membrane and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and systemic circulation remain a bottleneck in translational efforts. This review focuses on the diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic potential of DA-based nanocarriers in treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders like AD and Parkinson's disease (PD), among others. In view of the inverse relationship between cancer and AD, designing suitable DA-based theranostic nanodrug with high selectivity has tremendous implications in personalized medicine to treat cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
β-Catenin Regulates Wound Healing and IL-6 Expression in Activated Human Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110479. [PMID: 33171974 PMCID: PMC7694627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is prominent in most neurodegenerative disorders and is often associated with neuroinflammation. The molecular mechanisms regulating astrocyte-linked neuropathogenesis during injury, aging and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the implications of the wingless type (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway in regulating astrocyte function during gliosis. First, we identified that HIV-associated inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced mediators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway including β-catenin and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF)-1 expression in astrocytes. Next, we investigated the regulatory role of β-catenin on primary aspects of reactive astrogliosis, including proliferation, migration and proinflammatory responses, such as IL-6. Knockdown of β-catenin impaired astrocyte proliferation and migration as shown by reduced cyclin-D1 levels, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and wound healing. HIV-associated cytokines, IL-1β alone and in combination with TNF-α, strongly induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 and IL-6; however, only IL-6 levels were regulated by β-catenin as demonstrated by knockdown and pharmacological stabilization. In this context, IL-6 levels were negatively regulated by β-catenin. To better understand this relationship, we examined the crossroads between β-catenin and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. While NF-κB expression was significantly increased by IL-1β and TNF-α, NF-κB levels were not affected by β-catenin knockdown. IL-1β treatment significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation, which inhibits β-catenin degradation. Further, pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β increased nuclear translocation of both β-catenin and NF-κB p65 into the nucleus in the absence of any other inflammatory stimuli. HIV+ human astrocytes show increased IL-6, β-catenin and NF-κB expression levels and are interconnected by regulatory associations during HAND. In summary, our study demonstrates that HIV-associated inflammation increases β-catenin pathway mediators to augment activated astrocyte responses including migration and proliferation, while mitigating IL-6 expression. These findings suggest that β-catenin plays an anti-inflammatory role in activated human astrocytes during neuroinflammatory pathologies, such as HAND.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ording AG, Horváth-Puhó E, Veres K, Glymour MM, Rørth M, Sørensen HT, Henderson VW. Cancer and risk of Alzheimer's disease: Small association in a nationwide cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:953-964. [PMID: 32432415 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small observational studies with short-term follow-up suggest that cancer patients are at reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to the general population. METHODS A nationwide cohort study using Danish population-based health registries (1980-2013) with cancer patients (n = 949,309) to identify incident diagnoses of AD. We computed absolute reductions in risk attributed to cancer and standardized incidence rate ratios (SIRs) accounting for survival time, comparing the observed to expected number of AD cases. RESULTS During up to 34 years of follow-up of cancer survivors, the attributable risk reduction was 1.3 per 10,000 person-years, SIR = 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.92-0.96). SIRs were similar after stratification by sex, age, and cancer stage, and approached that of the general population for those surviving >10 years. DISCUSSION Inverse associations between cancer and AD were small and diminished over time. Incidence rates in cancer survivors approached those of the general population, suggesting limited association between cancer and AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Ording
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Katalin Veres
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mikael Rørth
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez-Fernandez C, González P, Rodríguez FJ. New insights into Wnt signaling alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a potential therapeutic target? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1580-1589. [PMID: 32209757 PMCID: PMC7437582 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, which leads to progressive paralysis of skeletal muscles and, ultimately, respiratory failure between 2–5 years after symptom onset. Unfortunately, currently accepted treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are extremely scarce and only provide modest benefit. As a consequence, a great effort is being done by the scientific community in order to achieve a better understanding of the different molecular and cellular processes that influence the progression and/or outcome of this neuropathological condition and, therefore, unravel new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, a growing number of experimental evidences have recently shown that, besides its well-known physiological roles in the developing and adult central nervous system, the Wnt family of proteins is involved in different neuropathological conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These proteins are able to modulate, at least, three different signaling pathways, usually known as canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) signaling pathways. In the present review, we aim to provide a general overview of the current knowledge that supports the relationship between the Wnt family of proteins and its associated signaling pathways and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. Altogether, the currently available knowledge suggests that Wnt signaling modulation might be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate the histopathological and functional deficits associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and thus improve the progression and outcome of this neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pau González
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Toledo, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ording AG, Veres K, Horváth-Puhó E, Glymour MM, Rørth M, Henderson VW, Sørensen HT. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases and the Risk of Cancer: A Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1269-1277. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne G. Ording
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katalin Veres
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mikael Rørth
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henrik T. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen S, Guo D, Zhang W, Xie Y, Yang H, Cheng B, Wang L, Yang R, Bi J, Feng Z. Biglycan, a Nitric Oxide-Downregulated Proteoglycan, Prevents Nitric Oxide-Induced Neuronal Cell Apoptosis via Targeting Erk1/2 and p38 Signaling Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:68-76. [PMID: 30088173 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, induces apoptosis and mediates neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. Biglycan (BGN), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, was demonstrated to exert anti-apoptosis function in various disease models. However, little is known about the effect of BGN on NO-induced neurotoxicity. Here, for the first time, we reported that BGN protects against NO-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-EP1 cells. This is supported by the finding that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, triggered downregulation of BGN in SH-EP1 cells, and over-expression of BGN strikingly attenuated NO-induced nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis of neuronal cells. More importantly, BGN remarkably blocked NO-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p38 signaling, but not JNK MAPK pathway in neuronal cells. Furthermore, inhibiting Erk1/2 by U0126 or p38 by SB203580 partially protected against NO-induced cell death. Conversely, downregulation of BGN by siRNA aggravated NO-induced neuronal cell death, which was not attenuated by U0126 or SB203580. These findings indicated that BGN, downregulated by NO, prevents NO-induced neuronal cell apoptosis via targeting Erk1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Our results strongly suggest that BGN could be explored for the prevention of NO-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Haijie Yang
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Binfeng Cheng
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Bi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Stem cells are commonly defined as undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewing and giving rise to a large number of differentiated progeny. It is becoming increasingly apparent that there exist cancer stem cells (CSCs) from which the cells of any given malignancy arise, whereby only a few cells out of a population of cancer cells are able to initiate tumor formation. These CSCs, like their normal counterparts, are characterized by self-renewal and the ability to “differentiate” into all of the cell types in the original tumor. Current chemotherapeutic strategies involve using non-specific cytotoxic agents that target rapidly cycling cells. Although this may reduce disease burden in many cases, these therapies may miss the rare, self-renewing population that truly gives rise to the malignancy (the CSC). This review will focus on the recent discovery of stem cell-like cells in human brain tumors, putative “brain cancer stem cells,” which exhibit the properties of self-renewal and the ability to recapitulate the original tumor heterogeneity. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of these cells to self-renew and maintain quiescence may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies that will allow for more efficacious and less toxic therapies for these devastating malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Lasky
- Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Libro R, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The role of the Wnt canonical signaling in neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2016; 158:78-88. [PMID: 27370940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin or Wnt canonical pathway controls multiple biological processes throughout development and adult life. Growing evidences have suggested that deregulation of the Wnt canonical pathway could be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The Wnt canonical signaling is a pathway tightly regulated, which activation results in the inhibition of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) function and in increased β-catenin activity, that migrates into the nucleus, activating the transcription of the Wnt target genes. Conversely, when the Wnt canonical pathway is turned off, increased levels of GSK-3β promote β-catenin degradation. Hence, GSK-3β could be considered as a key regulator of the Wnt canonical pathway. Of note, GSK-3β has also been involved in the modulation of inflammation and apoptosis, determining the delicate balance between immune tolerance/inflammation and neuronal survival/neurodegeneration. In this review, we have summarized the current acknowledgements about the role of the Wnt canonical pathway in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with particular regard to the main in vitro and in vivo studies in this field, by reviewing 85 research articles about.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaliana Libro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crespi BJ, Go MC. Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:216-53. [PMID: 26354001 PMCID: PMC4600345 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Go
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Majchrzak-Celińska A, Słocińska M, Barciszewska AM, Nowak S, Baer-Dubowska W. Wnt pathway antagonists, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and PPP2R2B, are methylated in gliomas and SFRP1 methylation predicts shorter survival. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:189-97. [PMID: 26337424 PMCID: PMC4830852 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of Wnt signaling is observed in various cancers, including gliomas, and might be related to the methylation of the genes encoding antagonists of this signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to assess the methylation status of the promoter regions of six Wnt negative regulators and to determine their prognostic value in clinical samples of gliomas of different grades. The methylation of SFRP1, SFRP2, PPP2R2B, DKK1, SOX17, and DACH1 was analyzed in 64 glioma samples using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. Promoter methylation in at least one of the analyzed genes was found in 81.3 % of the tumors. All benign tumors [grade I according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification] lacked the methylation of the studied genes, whereas grade II, III, and IV tumors were, in most cases, methylation-positive. The methylation index correlated with the patient's age. The most frequently methylated genes were SFRP1 and SFRP2 (73.4 % and 46.9 %, respectively), followed by SOX17 (20.3 %) and PPP2R2B (10.9 %); DKK1 and DACH1 were basically unmethylated (1.6 %). SFRP1 methylation negatively correlated with patients' survival time, and was significantly more frequent in older patients and those with higher grade tumors. Overall, the results of this study indicate that aberrant promoter methylation of Wnt pathway antagonists is common in gliomas, which may be the possible cause of up-regulation of this signaling pathway often observed in these tumors. Moreover, SFRP1 promoter methylation can be regarded as a potential indicator of glioma patients' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Słocińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Nowak
- Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McLoon LK, Harandi VM, Brännström T, Andersen PM, Liu JX. Wnt and extraocular muscle sparing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5482-96. [PMID: 25125606 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The extraocular muscles (EOM) and their motor neurons are spared in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In limb muscle, axon retraction from the neuromuscular junctions occurs early in the disease. Wnts, a conserved family of secreted signaling molecules, play a critical role in neuromuscular junction formation. This is the first study to examine Wnt signaling for its potential involvement in maintenance of normal morphology in EOM in ALS. METHODS Extraocular muscle and limb muscle axons, neuromuscular junctions, and myofibers from control, aging, and ALS subjects and the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS were quantified for their expression of Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, and β-catenin. RESULTS All four Wnt isoforms were expressed in most axon profiles in all human EOM. Significantly fewer were positive for Wnt1, Wnt3a, and Wnt7a in the human limb muscles. Similar differential patterns in Wnt myofiber expression were also seen except in the case of Wnt7a, where expression was elevated. In the SOD1(G93A) mouse, all four Wnt isoforms were significantly decreased in the neuromuscular junctions at the terminal stage compared to values in age-matched controls. β-Catenin was activated in a subset of myofibers in EOM and limb muscle in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS The differences in expression of Wnts in EOM and limb muscle, particularly at the neuromuscular junction level, suggest that they play a role in the pathophysiology of ALS. Collectively, the data support a role for signaling of Wnts in the preservation of the EOM in ALS and their dysregulation and the subsequent development of pathology in the ALS limb muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vahid M Harandi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tourette C, Farina F, Vazquez-Manrique RP, Orfila AM, Voisin J, Hernandez S, Offner N, Parker JA, Menet S, Kim J, Lyu J, Choi SH, Cormier K, Edgerly CK, Bordiuk OL, Smith K, Louise A, Halford M, Stacker S, Vert JP, Ferrante RJ, Lu W, Neri C. The Wnt receptor Ryk reduces neuronal and cell survival capacity by repressing FOXO activity during the early phases of mutant huntingtin pathogenicity. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001895. [PMID: 24960609 PMCID: PMC4068980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt receptor Ryk is an evolutionary-conserved protein important during neuronal differentiation through several mechanisms, including γ-secretase cleavage and nuclear translocation of its intracellular domain (Ryk-ICD). Although the Wnt pathway may be neuroprotective, the role of Ryk in neurodegenerative disease remains unknown. We found that Ryk is up-regulated in neurons expressing mutant huntingtin (HTT) in several models of Huntington's disease (HD). Further investigation in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse striatal cell models of HD provided a model in which the early-stage increase of Ryk promotes neuronal dysfunction by repressing the neuroprotective activity of the longevity-promoting factor FOXO through a noncanonical mechanism that implicates the Ryk-ICD fragment and its binding to the FOXO co-factor β-catenin. The Ryk-ICD fragment suppressed neuroprotection by lin-18/Ryk loss-of-function in expanded-polyQ nematodes, repressed FOXO transcriptional activity, and abolished β-catenin protection of mutant htt striatal cells against cell death vulnerability. Additionally, Ryk-ICD was increased in the nucleus of mutant htt cells, and reducing γ-secretase PS1 levels compensated for the cytotoxicity of full-length Ryk in these cells. These findings reveal that the Ryk-ICD pathway may impair FOXO protective activity in mutant polyglutamine neurons, suggesting that neurons are unable to efficiently maintain function and resist disease from the earliest phases of the pathogenic process in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cendrine Tourette
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Charles Foix Hospital, Functional Exploration Unit, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francesca Farina
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Rafael P. Vazquez-Manrique
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Orfila
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Voisin
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Hernandez
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Offner
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - J. Alex Parker
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Menet
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Jinho Kim
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jungmok Lyu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Si Ho Choi
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kerry Cormier
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina K. Edgerly
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Olivia L. Bordiuk
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karen Smith
- VA Bedford Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Louise
- Pasteur Institute, Cytometry Platform, Paris, France
| | - Michael Halford
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Stacker
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Vert
- Mines ParisTech, Center for Computational Biology, Fontainebleau, France
- Curie Institute, Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 900, Paris, France
| | - Robert J. Ferrante
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wange Lu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Neri
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neurodegeneration caused by polyglutamine expansion is regulated by P-glycoprotein in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2013; 195:857-70. [PMID: 24037265 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide CAG repeat disorders are caused by expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) domains in certain proteins leading to fatal neurodegenerative disorders and are characterized by accumulation of inclusion bodies in the neurons. Clearance of these inclusion bodies holds the key to improve the disease phenotypes, which affects basic cellular processes such as transcription, protein degradation and cell signaling. In the present study, we show that P-glycoprotein (P-gp), originally identified as a causative agent of multidrug-resistant cancer cells, plays an important role in ameliorating the disease phenotype. Using a Drosophila transgenic strain that expresses a stretch of 127 glutamine repeats, we demonstrate that enhancing P-gp levels reduces eye degeneration caused by expression of polyQ, whereas reducing it increases the severity of the disease. Increase in polyQ inclusion bodies represses the expression of mdr genes, suggesting a functional link between P-gp and polyQ. P-gp up-regulation restores the defects in the actin organization and precise array of the neuronal connections caused by inclusion bodies. β-Catenin homolog, Armadillo, also interacts with P-gp and regulates the accumulation of inclusion bodies. These results thus show that P-gp and polyQ interact with each other, and changing P-gp levels can directly affect neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
22
|
González P, Fernández-Martos CM, Arenas E, Rodríguez FJ. The Ryk receptor is expressed in glial and fibronectin-expressing cells after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:806-17. [PMID: 23320533 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins play a critical role in central nervous system development and have been implicated in several neuropathologies, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Ryk, an unconventional Wnt receptor, regulates axonal regeneration after SCI, although its expression pattern in this neuropathology remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to define the spatiotemporal and cellular pattern of Ryk expression after a contusive SCI in adult rats using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Under physiological conditions, Ryk is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels, but not in oligodendrocytes, microglia, NG2+ glial precursor cells, or axonal projections. Following SCI, we observed an increase in Ryk mRNA expression from 24 h post-injury until 7 days post-injury, whereas its protein levels were significantly augmented at 7 and 14 days post-injury. Moreover, the spatial and cellular Ryk expression pattern was altered in the damaged tissue, where this receptor was observed in reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages, NG2+ glial precursors, fibronectin+ cells, oligodendrocytes, and axons. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ryk is expressed in the unlesioned spinal cord and that, after SCI, its spatiotemporal and cellular expression pattern changed dramatically, being expressed in cells involved in the spinal cord response to damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau González
- Molecular Neurology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-HNP, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hunter S, Arendt T, Brayne C. The senescence hypothesis of disease progression in Alzheimer disease: an integrated matrix of disease pathways for FAD and SAD. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:556-70. [PMID: 23546742 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterised in life by cognitive decline and behavioural symptoms and post-mortem by the neuropathological hallmarks including the microtubule-associated protein tau-reactive tangles and neuritic plaques and amyloid-beta-protein-reactive senile plaques. Greater than 95 % of AD cases are sporadic (SAD) with a late onset and <5 % of AD cases are familial (FAD) with an early onset. FAD is associated with various genetic mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS)1 and PS2. As yet, no disease pathway has been fully accepted and there are no treatments that prevent, stop or reverse the cognitive decline associated with AD. Here, we review and integrate available environmental and genetic evidence associated with all forms of AD. We present the senescence hypothesis of AD progression, suggesting that factors associated with AD can be seen as partial stressors within the matrix of signalling pathways that underlie cell survival and function. Senescence pathways are triggered when stressors exceed the cells ability to compensate for them. The APP proteolytic system has many interactions with pathways involved in programmed senescence and APP proteolysis can both respond to and be driven by senescence-associated signalling. Disease pathways associated with sporadic disease may be different to those involving familial genetic mutations. The interpretation we provide strongly points to senescence as an additional underlying causal process in dementia progression in both SAD and FAD via multiple disease pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hunter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spatio-temporal expression pattern of frizzled receptors after contusive spinal cord injury in adult rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50793. [PMID: 23251385 PMCID: PMC3519492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt proteins are a large family of molecules that are critically involved in multiple central nervous system (CNS) developmental processes. Experimental evidences suggest a role for this family of proteins in many CNS disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a major neuropathology owing to its high prevalence and chronic sensorimotor functional sequelae. Interestingly, most Wnt proteins and their inhibitors are expressed in the uninjured spinal cord, and their temporal expression patterns are dramatically altered after injury. However, little is known regarding the expression of their better-known receptors, the Frizzled family, after SCI. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Frizzled receptors in the damaged spinal cord. Findings Based on the evidence that Wnts are expressed in the spinal cord and are transcriptionally regulated by SCI in adulthood, we analysed the spatio-temporal mRNA and protein expression patterns of Frizzled receptors after contusive SCI using quantitative RT-PCR and single and double immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our results show that almost all of the 10 known Frizzled receptors were expressed in specific spatial patterns in the uninjured spinal cords. Moreover, the Frizzled mRNAs and proteins were expressed after SCI, although their expression patterns were altered during the temporal progression of SCI. Finally, analysis of cellular Frizzled 5 expression pattern by double immunohistochemistry showed that, in the uninjured spinal cord, this receptor was expressed in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia and NG2+ glial precursors. After injury, Frizzled 5 was not only still expressed in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and NG2+ glial precursors but also in axons at all evaluated time points. Moreover, Frizzled 5 was expressed in reactive microglia/macrophages from 3 to 14 days post-injury. Conclusions Our data suggest the involvement of Frizzled receptors in physiological spinal cord function and in the cellular and molecular events that characterise its neuropathology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Carlsson E, Krohn K, Ovaska K, Lindberg P, Häyry V, Maliniemi P, Lintulahti A, Korja M, Kivisaari R, Hussein S, Sarna S, Niiranen K, Hautaniemi S, Haapasalo H, Ranki A. Neuron navigator 3 alterations in nervous system tumors associate with tumor malignancy grade and prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:191-201. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Carlsson
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Kai Krohn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
- CliniXion Oy, Tampere FI‐33520, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Häyry
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Anu Lintulahti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Miikka Korja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku FI‐20520, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Samer Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Niiranen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Spencer P, Fry RC, Kisby GE. Unraveling 50-Year-Old Clues Linking Neurodegeneration and Cancer to Cycad Toxins: Are microRNAs Common Mediators? Front Genet 2012; 3:192. [PMID: 23060898 PMCID: PMC3460211 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of overlapping molecular signaling activated by a chemical trigger of cancer and neurodegeneration is new, but the path to this discovery has been long and potholed. Six conferences (1962–1972) examined the puzzling neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties of a then-novel toxin [cycasin: methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-β-d-glucoside] in cycad plants used traditionally for food and medicine on Guam where a complex neurodegenerative disease plagued the indigenous population. Affected families showed combinations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism (P), and/or a dementia (D) akin to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Modernization saw declining disease rates on Guam and remarkable changes in clinical phenotype (ALS was replaced by P-D and then by D) and in two genetically distinct ALS-PDC-affected populations (Kii-Japan, West Papua-Indonesia) that used cycad seed medicinally. MAM forms DNA lesions – repaired by O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) – that perturb mouse brain development and induce malignant tumors in peripheral organs. The brains of young adult MGMT-deficient mice given a single dose of MAM show DNA lesion-linked changes in cell-signaling pathways associated with miRNA-1, which is implicated in colon, liver, and prostate cancers, and in neurological disease, notably AD. MAM is metabolized to formaldehyde, a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde-responsive miRNAs predicted to modulate MAM-associated genes in the brains of MGMT-deficient mice include miR-17-5p and miR-18d, which regulate genes involved in tumor suppression, DNA repair, amyloid deposition, and neurotransmission. These findings marry cycad-associated ALS-PDC with colon, liver, and prostate cancer; they also add to evidence linking changes in microRNA status both to ALS, AD, and parkinsonism, and to cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spencer
- Global Health Center, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kalathur RKR, Hernández-Prieto MA, Futschik ME. Huntington's disease and its therapeutic target genes: a global functional profile based on the HD Research Crossroads database. BMC Neurol 2012; 12:47. [PMID: 22741533 PMCID: PMC3492045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region in the huntingtin gene. Although the disease is triggered by the mutation of a single gene, intensive research has linked numerous other genes to its pathogenesis. To obtain a systematic overview of these genes, which may serve as therapeutic targets, CHDI Foundation has recently established the HD Research Crossroads database. With currently over 800 cataloged genes, this web-based resource constitutes the most extensive curation of genes relevant to HD. It provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to survey molecular mechanisms involved in HD in a holistic manner. Methods To gain a synoptic view of therapeutic targets for HD, we have carried out a variety of bioinformatical and statistical analyses to scrutinize the functional association of genes curated in the HD Research Crossroads database. In particular, enrichment analyses were performed with respect to Gene Ontology categories, KEGG signaling pathways, and Pfam protein families. For selected processes, we also analyzed differential expression, using published microarray data. Additionally, we generated a candidate set of novel genetic modifiers of HD by combining information from the HD Research Crossroads database with previous genome-wide linkage studies. Results Our analyses led to a comprehensive identification of molecular mechanisms associated with HD. Remarkably, we not only recovered processes and pathways, which have frequently been linked to HD (such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and calcium signaling), but also found strong indications for other potentially disease-relevant mechanisms that have been less intensively studied in the context of HD (such as the cell cycle and RNA splicing, as well as Wnt and ErbB signaling). For follow-up studies, we provide a regularly updated compendium of molecular mechanism, that are associated with HD, at http://hdtt.sysbiolab.eu Additionally, we derived a candidate set of 24 novel genetic modifiers, including histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1), CDK5 regulatory subunit 2 (CDK5R2), and coactivator 1ß of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARGC1B). Conclusions The results of our study give us an intriguing picture of the molecular complexity of HD. Our analyses can be seen as a first step towards a comprehensive list of biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways involved in HD, and may provide a basis for the development of more holistic disease models and new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kiran Reddy Kalathur
- Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Wnt proteins are best known for their profound roles in cell patterning, because they are required for the embryonic development of all animal species studied to date. Besides regulating cell fate, Wnt proteins are gaining increasing recognition for their roles in nervous system development and function. New studies indicate that multiple positive and negative Wnt signaling pathways take place simultaneously during the formation of vertebrate and invertebrate neuromuscular junctions. Although some Wnts are essential for the formation of NMJs, others appear to play a more modulatory role as part of multiple signaling pathways. Here we review the most recent findings regarding the function of Wnts at the NMJ from both vertebrate and invertebrate model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Koles
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mizuno S, Iijima R, Ogishima S, Kikuchi M, Matsuoka Y, Ghosh S, Miyamoto T, Miyashita A, Kuwano R, Tanaka H. AlzPathway: a comprehensive map of signaling pathways of Alzheimer's disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:52. [PMID: 22647208 PMCID: PMC3411424 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. To clarify pathogenesis of AD, thousands of reports have been accumulating. However, knowledge of signaling pathways in the field of AD has not been compiled as a database before. Description Here, we have constructed a publicly available pathway map called “AlzPathway” that comprehensively catalogs signaling pathways in the field of AD. We have collected and manually curated over 100 review articles related to AD, and have built an AD pathway map using CellDesigner. AlzPathway is currently composed of 1347 molecules and 1070 reactions in neuron, brain blood barrier, presynaptic, postsynaptic, astrocyte, and microglial cells and their cellular localizations. AlzPathway is available as both the SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) map for CellDesigner and the high resolution image map. AlzPathway is also available as a web service (online map) based on Payao system, a community-based, collaborative web service platform for pathway model curation, enabling continuous updates by AD researchers. Conclusions AlzPathway is the first comprehensive map of intra, inter and extra cellular AD signaling pathways which can enable mechanistic deciphering of AD pathogenesis. The AlzPathway map is accessible at http://alzpathway.org/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Concordant signaling pathways produced by pesticide exposure in mice correspond to pathways identified in human Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36191. [PMID: 22563483 PMCID: PMC3341364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the etiology of 90 percent of the patients is unknown. Pesticide exposure is a major risk factor for PD, and paraquat (PQ), pyridaben (PY) and maneb (MN) are amongst the most widely used pesticides. We studied mRNA expression using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in the ventral midbrain (VMB) and striatum (STR) of PQ, PY and paraquat+maneb (MNPQ) treated mice, followed by pathway analysis. We found concordance of signaling pathways between the three pesticide models in both the VMB and STR as well as concordance in these two brain areas. The concordant signaling pathways with relevance to PD pathogenesis were e.g. axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as pathways not previously linked to PD, e.g. basal cell carcinoma, human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and role of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Human PD pathways previously identified by expression analysis, concordant with VMB pathways identified in our study were axonal guidance signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, IL-6 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, TGF-β signaling, PPAR signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Human PD pathways concordant with the STR pathways in our study were Wnt/β-catenin signaling, axonal guidance signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (Ppard) and G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) were common genes in VMB and STR identified by network analysis. In conclusion, the pesticides PQ, PY and MNPQ elicit common signaling pathways in the VMB and STR in mice, which are concordant with known signaling pathways identified in human PD, suggesting that these pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. The analysis of these networks and pathways may therefore lead to improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, and potential novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wexler EM, Rosen E, Lu D, Osborn GE, Martin E, Raybould H, Geschwind DH. Genome-wide analysis of a Wnt1-regulated transcriptional network implicates neurodegenerative pathways. Sci Signal 2012; 4:ra65. [PMID: 21971039 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are critical to mammalian brain development and function. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway involves the stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin; however, Wnt also signals through alternative, noncanonical pathways. To gain a systems-level, genome-wide view of Wnt signaling, we analyzed Wnt1-stimulated changes in gene expression by transcriptional microarray analysis in cultured human neural progenitor (hNP) cells at multiple time points over a 72-hour time course. We observed a widespread oscillatory-like pattern of changes in gene expression, involving components of both the canonical and the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. A higher-order, systems-level analysis that combined independent component analysis, waveform analysis, and mutual information-based network construction revealed effects on pathways related to cell death and neurodegenerative disease. Wnt effectors were tightly clustered with presenilin1 (PSEN1) and granulin (GRN), which cause dominantly inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), respectively. We further explored a potential link between Wnt1 and GRN and found that Wnt1 decreased GRN expression by hNPs. Conversely, GRN knockdown increased WNT1 expression, demonstrating that Wnt and GRN reciprocally regulate each other. Finally, we provided in vivo validation of the in vitro findings by analyzing gene expression data from individuals with FTD. These unbiased and genome-wide analyses provide evidence for a connection between Wnt signaling and the transcriptional regulation of neurodegenerative disease genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Wexler
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
A literature review was conducted on the genetic and developmental bases of autism in relation to genes and pathways associated with cancer risk. Convergent lines of evidence from four types of analysis: (1) recent theoretical studies on the causes of autism, (2) epidemiological studies, (3) genetic analyses linking autism with mutations in tumor suppressor genes and other cancer-associated genes and pathways, and (4) contrasts with schizophrenia, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease indicate that autism may involve altered cancer risk. This evidence should motivate further epidemiological studies, and it provides useful insights into the nature of the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors underlying the etiologies of autism, other neurological conditions, and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby (B.C.), British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma A, Hu XT, Napier TC, Al-Harthi L. Methamphetamine and HIV-1 Tat down regulate β-catenin signaling: implications for methampetamine abuse and HIV-1 co-morbidity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 6:597-607. [PMID: 21744004 PMCID: PMC3714216 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse exacerbates HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The underlying mechanism for this effect is not entirely clear but likely involves cooperation between Meth and HIV-1 virotoxins, such as the transactivator of transcription, Tat. HIV-1 Tat mediates damage in the CNS by inducing inflammatory processes including astrogliosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates survival processes for both neurons and astrocytes. Here, we evaluated the impact of Meth on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in astrocytes transfected with Tat. Meth and Tat downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by >50%, as measured by TOPflash reporter activity in both an astrocytoma cell line and primary human fetal astrocytes. Meth and Tat also downregulated LEF-1 transcript by >30%. LEF-1 is a key partner of β-catenin to regulate cognate gene expression. Interestingly, estrogen, which induces β-catenin signaling in a cell-type specific manner, at physiological concentrations of 1.5 and 3 nM normalized individual Meth and Tat effects on β-catenin signaling but not their combined effects. These findings suggest that Meth and Tat likely exert different mechanisms to mediate down regulation of β-catenin signaling. The consequences of which may contribute to the pathophysiologic effects of HIV-1 and Meth co-morbidity in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, 614 Cohn, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiu-Ti Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Center for AIDS Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Celeste Napier
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Center for AIDS Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, 614 Cohn, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Chicago Center for AIDS Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Is neurodegenerative disease a long-latency response to early-life genotoxin exposure? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:3889-921. [PMID: 22073019 PMCID: PMC3210588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex, a disappearing neurodegenerative disease linked to use of the neurotoxic cycad plant for food and/or medicine, is intensively studied because the neuropathology (tauopathy) is similar to that of Alzheimer's disease. Cycads contain neurotoxic and genotoxic principles, notably cycasin and methylazoxymethanol, the latter sharing chemical relations with nitrosamines, which are derived from nitrates and nitrites in preserved meats and fertilizers, and also used in the rubber and leather industries. This review includes new data that influence understanding of the neurobiological actions of cycad and related genotoxins and the putative mechanisms by which they might trigger neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Towards a more robust approach to selecting and prosecuting promising targets and compounds. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:25-34. [PMID: 21426044 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many factors that influence predictivity in drug discovery and impact on productivity within the pharmaceutical industry. This article will concentrate on just two aspects; first, the role of investigating target modulation within a (human) disease setting, from target selection through screening to animal models, and second, potential developments in the analysis and probing of the chemical space appropriate for drug discovery and, in particular, steps to improve predictivity thus moving to a more forward-looking process. The activities associated with target selection should develop significantly over the next 5-10 years leading to a more robust association of target modulation with disease modification. In addition, better understanding of the opportunities for target modulators should drive and improve the selection of ligands suitable for therapeutic applications. Within these areas it will be important to move away from a retrospective consideration of druggable targets towards a forward-looking approach based on holistic (disease context) profiling of both (progressable) targets and subsequently their ligands. Improvements in the predictive analysis and probing of the chemical space will be needed to confront both safety and efficacy end points that currently remain major reasons for failure in the clinic. It is hoped that improvements in data visualization together with chemocentric mining of the literature will facilitate better interrogation of development and clinical data, potentially modifying research project plans to better address these key issues.
Collapse
|
36
|
The cycad genotoxin MAM modulates brain cellular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disease and cancer in a DNA damage-linked manner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20911. [PMID: 21731631 PMCID: PMC3121718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the genotoxic metabolite of the cycad azoxyglucoside cycasin, induces genetic alterations in bacteria, yeast, plants, insects and mammalian cells, but adult nerve cells are thought to be unaffected. We show that the brains of adult C57BL6 wild-type mice treated with a single systemic dose of MAM acetate display DNA damage (O6-methyldeoxyguanosine lesions, O6-mG) that remains constant up to 7 days post-treatment. By contrast, MAM-treated mice lacking a functional gene encoding the DNA repair enzyme O6-mG DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) showed elevated O6-mG DNA damage starting at 48 hours post-treatment. The DNA damage was linked to changes in the expression of genes in cell-signaling pathways associated with cancer, human neurodegenerative disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. These data are consistent with the established developmental neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties of MAM in rodents. They also support the hypothesis that early-life exposure to MAM-glucoside (cycasin) has an etiological association with a declining, prototypical neurodegenerative disease seen in Guam, Japan, and New Guinea populations that formerly used the neurotoxic cycad plant for food or medicine, or both. These findings suggest environmental genotoxins, specifically MAM, target common pathways involved in neurodegeneration and cancer, the outcome depending on whether the cell can divide (cancer) or not (neurodegeneration). Exposure to MAM-related environmental genotoxins may have relevance to the etiology of related tauopathies, notably, Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li W, Henderson LJ, Major EO, Al-Harthi L. IFN-gamma mediates enhancement of HIV replication in astrocytes by inducing an antagonist of the beta-catenin pathway (DKK1) in a STAT 3-dependent manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6771-8. [PMID: 21562161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Typically, IFN-γ is an antiviral cytokine that inhibits the replication of many viruses, including HIV. However, in the CNS, IFN-γ induces HIV-productive replication in astrocytes. Although astrocytes in vitro are refractory to HIV replication, recent in vivo evidence demonstrated that astrocytes are infected by HIV, and their degree of infection is correlated with proximity to activated macrophages/microglia. The ability of IFN-γ to induce HIV replication in astrocytes suggests that the environmental milieu is critical in regulating the permissiveness of astrocytes to HIV infection. We evaluated the mechanism by which IFN-γ relieves restricted HIV replication in astrocytes. We demonstrate that although astrocytes have robust endogenous β-catenin signaling, a pathway that is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, IFN-γ diminished β-catenin signaling in astrocytes by 40%, as evaluated by both active β-catenin protein expression and β-catenin-mediated T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer reporter (TOPflash) activity. Further, IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of β-catenin signaling was dependent on its ability to induce an antagonist of the β-catenin signaling pathway, Dickkopf-related protein 1, in a STAT 3-dependent manner. Inhibition of STAT3 and Dickkopf-related protein 1 abrogated the ability of IFN-γ to enhance HIV replication in astrocytes. These data demonstrated that IFN-γ induces HIV replication in astrocytes by antagonizing the β-catenin pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report to point to an intricate cross-talk between IFN-γ signaling and β-catenin signaling that may have biologic and virologic effects on HIV outcome in the CNS, as well as on broader processes where the two pathways interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In this review, I describe how evolutionary genomics is uniquely suited to spearhead advances in understanding human disease risk, owing to the privileged position of genes as fundamental causes of phenotypic variation, and the ability of population genetic and phylogenetic methods to robustly infer processes of natural selection, drift, and mutation from genetic variation at the levels of family, population, species, and clade. I first provide an overview of models for the origins and maintenance of genetically based disease risk in humans. I then discuss how analyses of genetic disease risk can be dovetailed with studies of positive and balancing selection, to evaluate the degree to which the 'genes that make us human' also represent the genes that mediate risk of polygenic disease. Finally, I present four basic principles for the nascent field of human evolutionary medical genomics, each of which represents a process that is nonintuitive from a proximate perspective. Joint consideration of these principles compels novel forms of interdisciplinary analyses, most notably studies that (i) analyze tradeoffs at the level of molecular genetics, and (ii) identify genetic variants that are derived in the human lineage or in specific populations, and then compare individuals with derived versus ancestral alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang L, Yang X, Yang S, Zhang J. The Wnt /β-catenin signaling pathway in the adult neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 33:1-8. [PMID: 21073552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.7483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in neural development, β-catenin is a central component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which not only performs the function of transmitting information in the cytoplasm, but also translocates to the nucleus-activating target gene transcription. The target genes in neural tissues have not been fully revealed, but the effects of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult neurogenesis have been demonstrated by ongoing research, which are significative to the basic research and treatment of neuronal degeneration diseases. Here, we review key findings to show the characteristics of β-catenin and its pivotal nature in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a number of molecular studies. We also review current literature on the role of β-catenin in adult neurogenesis, which consists of an active process encompassing the proliferation, migration, differentiation and final synaptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries,Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Patterns and risks of human disease have evolved. In this article, I review evidence regarding the importance of recent adaptive evolution, positive selection, and genomic conflicts in shaping the genetic and phenotypic architectures of polygenic human diseases. Strong recent selection in human populations can create and maintain genetically based disease risk primarily through three processes: increased scope for dysregulation from recent human adaptations, divergent optima generated by intraspecific genomic conflicts, and transient or stable deleterious by-products of positive selection caused by antagonistic pleiotropy, ultimately due to trade-offs at the levels of molecular genetics, development, and physiology. Human disease due to these processes appears to be concentrated in three sets of phenotypes: cognition and emotion, reproductive traits, and life-history traits related to long life-span. Diverse, convergent lines of evidence suggest that a small set of tissues whose pleiotropic patterns of gene function and expression are under especially strong selection-brain, placenta, testis, prostate, breast, and ovary-has mediated a considerable proportion of disease risk in modern humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C., Canada V5A 1S6.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosi MC, Luccarini I, Grossi C, Fiorentini A, Spillantini MG, Prisco A, Scali C, Gianfriddo M, Caricasole A, Terstappen GC, Casamenti F. Increased Dickkopf-1 expression in transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2010; 112:1539-51. [PMID: 20050968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
Cerpa W, Farías GG, Godoy JA, Fuenzalida M, Bonansco C, Inestrosa NC. Wnt-5a occludes Abeta oligomer-induced depression of glutamatergic transmission in hippocampal neurons. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:3. [PMID: 20205789 PMCID: PMC2823745 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ;) oligomers have been recognized to be early and key intermediates in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related synaptic dysfunction. Aβ oligomers block hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and impair rodent spatial memory. Wnt signaling plays an important role in neural development, including synaptic differentiation. Results We report here that the Wnt signaling activation prevents the synaptic damage triggered by Aβ oligomers. Electrophysiological analysis of Schaffer collaterals-CA1 glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices indicates that Wnt-5a increases the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) and both AMPA and NMDA components of the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), without modifying the paired pulse facilitation (PPF). Conversely, in the presence of Aβ oligomers the fEPSP and EPSCs amplitude decreased without modification of the PPF, while the postsynaptic scaffold protein (PSD-95) decreased as well. Co-perfusion of hippocampal slices with Wnt-5a and Aβ oligomers occludes against the synaptic depression of EPSCs as well as the reduction of PSD-95 clusters induced by Aβ oligomers in neuronal cultures. Taken together these results indicate that Wnt-5a and Aβ oligomers inversely modulate postsynaptic components. Conclusion These results indicate that post-synaptic damage induced by Aβ oligomers in hippocampal neurons is prevented by non-canonical Wnt pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología "Joaquín V, Luco" (CRCP), MIFAB, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Although WNTs have been long thought of as regulators of cell fate, recent studies highlight their involvement in crucial aspects of synaptic development in the nervous system. Particularly compelling are recent studies of the neuromuscular junction in nematodes, insects, fish and mammals. These studies place WNTs as major determinants of synapse differentiation and neurotransmitter receptor clustering.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pećina-Slaus N, Majić Z, Musani V, Zeljko M, Cupić H. Report on mutation in exon 15 of the APC gene in a case of brain metastasis. J Neurooncol 2009; 97:143-8. [PMID: 19711014 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzes exon 15 of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) in a 49-year-old male patient with brain metastasis. The primary site was lung carcinoma. PCR method and direct DNA sequencing of the metastasis and autologous lymphocyte samples identified the presence of a somatic mutation. The substitution was at position 5883 G-A in the metastasis tissue. The mutation was confirmed by RFLP analysis using Msp I endonuclease, since the mutation strikes the Msp I restriction site. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the lack of protein expression of this tumor suppressor gene. The main molecular activator of the wnt pathway, beta-catenin, was expressed, and located in the nucleus. The mutation is a silent mutation that might have consequences in the creation of a new splice site. Different single-base substitutions in APC exons need not only be evaluated by the predicted change in amino acid sequence, but rather at the nucleotide level itself. In our opinion, such silent mutations should also be incorporated in mutation detection rate and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Slaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schmeisser MJ, Grabrucker AM, Bockmann J, Boeckers TM. Synaptic cross-talk between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and LAPSER1-beta-catenin at excitatory synapses. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29146-57. [PMID: 19703901 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation in the brain is thought to be depending upon long lasting plastic changes of synaptic contacts that require alterations on the transcriptional level. Here, we characterize LAPSER1, a putative cytokinetic tumor suppressor that binds directly to ProSAP2/Shank3 and the synaptic Rap-Gap protein SPAR1 as a novel postsynaptic density component. Postsynaptic LAPSER1 is in complex with all important members of the canonical Wnt pathway including beta-catenin. Upon N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent activation, LAPSER1 and beta-catenin comigrate from the postsynaptic density to the nucleus and induce the transcription and translation of known beta-catenin target genes, including Tcfe2a and c-Myc. The nuclear export and cytoplasmic redistribution of beta-catenin is tightly regulated by LAPSER1. We postulate a postsynaptic cross-talk between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and a LAPSER1-beta-catenin complex that results in a self-regulated, synaptic activity-dependent expression of beta-catenin target genes. This calls for a novel role of Tcfe2a and c-Myc in plastic changes of neural tissue.
Collapse
|
46
|
Behrens MI, Lendon C, Roe CM. A common biological mechanism in cancer and Alzheimer's disease? Curr Alzheimer Res 2009; 6:196-204. [PMID: 19519301 DOI: 10.2174/156720509788486608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two common disorders for which the final pathophysiological mechanism is not yet clearly defined. In a prospective longitudinal study we have previously shown an inverse association between AD and cancer, such that the rate of developing cancer in general with time was significantly slower in participants with AD, while participants with a history of cancer had a slower rate of developing AD. In cancer, cell regulation mechanisms are disrupted with augmentation of cell survival and/or proliferation, whereas conversely, AD is associated with increased neuronal death, either caused by, or concomitant with, beta amyloid (Abeta) and tau deposition. The possibility that perturbations of mechanisms involved in cell survival/death regulation could be involved in both disorders is discussed. Genetic polymorphisms, DNA methylation or other mechanisms that induce changes in activity of molecules with key roles in determining the decision to "repair and live"- or "die" could be involved in the pathogenesis of the two disorders. As examples, the role of p53, Pin1 and the Wnt signaling pathway are discussed as potential candidates that, speculatively, may explain inverse associations between AD and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Behrens
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Clínica Alemana Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nikuseva Martić T, Pećina-Slaus N, Kusec V, Kokotović T, Musinović H, Tomas D, Zeljko M. Changes of AXIN-1 and beta-catenin in neuroepithelial brain tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2009; 16:75-9. [PMID: 19633924 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-009-9190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study changes of components of Wnt signaling pathway--axin (AXIN1) and beta-catenin (CTNNB1) in a sample of 72 neuroepithelial brain tumors were investigated. AXIN-1 gene was tested by PCR/loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Immunostaining and image analysis revealed the quantity and localization of relevant proteins. Polymorphic marker for AXIN-1, showed LOH in 11.1% of tumors. LOH was distributed to 6.3% of glioblastomas, one was found in neuroepithelial dysembrioplastic tumor and one in medulloblastoma. Down regulation of axin expression and up regulation of beta-catenin were detected in the analyzed tumors. Axin was observed in the cytoplasm in 68.8% of samples, in 28.1% in both the cytoplasm and nucleus and 3.1% had no expression. Beta-catenin was observed mainly in the nucleus and cytoplasm (59.4%). Expression in 34.4% of samples was in the cytoplasm and 6.3% showed no expression. Comparison of mean values of relative increase of axin and beta-catenin showed that they are significantly reversely proportional (P = 0.014). Relative quantity of beta-catenin in patients with gross deletion of AXIN1 was significantly higher in comparison to patients without LOH (P = 0.040). Our results demonstrate that changes of key components of the Wnt signaling play a role in neuroepithelial brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Nikuseva Martić
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mayburd AL. Expression variation: its relevance to emergence of chronic disease and to therapy. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5921. [PMID: 19526064 PMCID: PMC2692004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stochastic fluctuations in the protein turnover underlie the random emergence of neural precursor cells from initially homogenous cell population. If stochastic alteration of the levels in signal transduction networks is sufficient to spontaneously alter a phenotype, can it cause a sporadic chronic disease as well – including cancer? Methods Expression in >80 disease-free tissue environments was measured using Affymetrix microarray platform comprising 54675 probe-sets. Steps were taken to suppress the technical noise inherent to microarray experiment. Next, the integrated expression and expression variability data were aligned with the mechanistic data covering major human chronic diseases. Results Measured as class average, variability of expression of disease associated genes measured in health was higher than variability of random genes for all chronic pathologies. Anti-cancer FDA approved targets were displaying much higher variability as a class compared to random genes. Same held for magnitude of gene expression. The genes known to participate in multiple chronic disorders demonstrated the highest variability. Disease-related gene categories displayed on average more intricate regulation of biological function vs random reference, were enriched in adaptive and transient functions as well as positive feedback relationships. Conclusions A possible causative link can be suggested between normal (healthy) state gene expression variation and inception of major human pathologies, including cancer. Study of variability profiles may lead to novel diagnostic methods, therapies and better drug target prioritization. The results of the study suggest the need to advance personalized therapy development.
Collapse
|
49
|
Eun JW, Kwack SJ, Noh JH, Jung KH, Kim JK, Bae HJ, Xie H, Ryu JC, Ahn YM, Min JH, Park WS, Lee JY, Rhee GS, Nam SW. Transcriptomic configuration of mouse brain induced by adolescent exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 237:91-101. [PMID: 19285098 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amphetamine derivative (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally to obtain an enhanced affiliative emotional response. MDMA is a potent monoaminergic neurotoxin with the potential to damage brain serotonin and/or dopamine neurons. As the majority of MDMA users are young adults, the risk that users may expose the fetus to MDMA is a concern. However, the majority of studies on MDMA have investigated the effects on adult animals. Here, we investigated whether long-term exposure to MDMA, especially in adolescence, could induce comprehensive transcriptional changes in mouse brain. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse brain regions demonstrated significant gene expression changes in the cerebral cortex. Supervised analysis identified 1028 genes that were chronically dysregulated by long-term exposure to MDMA in adolescent mice. Functional categories most represented by this MDMA characteristic signature are intracellular molecular signaling pathways of neurotoxicity, such as, the MAPK signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, long-term potentiation, and the long-term depression signaling pathway. Although these resultant large-scale molecular changes remain to be studied associated with functional brain damage caused by MDMA, our observations delineate the possible neurotoxic effects of MDMA on brain function, and have therapeutic implications concerning neuro-pathological conditions associated with MDMA abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, Microdissection Genomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pahnke J, Wolkenhauer O, Krohn M, Walker LC. Clinico-pathologic function of cerebral ABC transporters - implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2008; 5:396-405. [PMID: 18690837 DOI: 10.2174/156720508785132262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it has become evident that ABC transporters fulfill important barrier functions in normal organs and during disease processes. Most importantly, resistance to drugs in cancer cells led to intense oncological and pharmacological investigations in which researchers were able to highlight important pharmacological interactions of chemotherapeuticals with ABC transporter function. Recently, the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the maintenance of neuronal stem cells have been linked to the activity of ABC transporters. Here, we summarize findings from cell culture experiments, animal models and studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, we discuss pharmacological interactions and computational methods for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pahnke
- University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NRL), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|