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Wang J, Shao W, Liu Z, Kesavan G, Zeng Z, Shurin MR, Star A. Diagnostics of Tuberculosis with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1957-1966. [PMID: 38484361 PMCID: PMC11059104 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still threatening millions of people's lives, especially in developing countries. One of the major factors contributing to the ongoing epidemic of TB is the lack of a fast, efficient, and inexpensive diagnostic strategy. In this work, we developed a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistor (FET) device functionalized with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B antibody (Ab85B) to detect the major M. tuberculosis-secreted antigen 85B (Ag85B). Through optimizing the device fabrication process by evaluating the mass of the antibody and the concentration of the gating electrolyte, our Ab85B-SWCNT FET devices achieved the detection of the Ag85B spiked in phosphate-buffered saline (calibration samples) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 fg/mL. This SWCNT FET biosensor also showed good sensing performance in biological matrices including artificial sputum and can identify Ag85B in serum after introducing bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the blocking layer. Furthermore, our BSA-blocked Ab85B-SWCNT FET devices can distinguish between TB-positive and -negative clinical samples, promising the application of SWCNT FET devices in point-of-care TB diagnostics. Moreover, the robustness of this SWCNT-based biosensor to the TB diagnosis in blood serum was enhanced by blocking SWCNT devices directly with a glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA layer, enabling future applications of these SWCNT-based biosensors in clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wenting Shao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zhengru Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ganesh Kesavan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zidao Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department
of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Le TN, Descanzo MJN, Hsiao WWW, Soo PC, Peng WP, Chang HC. Fluorescent nanodiamond immunosensors for clinical diagnostics of tuberculosis. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3533-3542. [PMID: 38526339 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are carbon nanoparticles containing a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy defects as color centers. These centers have exceptional photostability and unique quantum properties, making them useful for ultrasensitive biosensing applications. This work employed FNDs conjugated with antibodies as magneto-optical immunosensors for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics using competitive spin-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay (SELFIA). ESAT6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a clinical marker of TB. We evaluated the assay's performance using the recombinant ESAT6 antigen and its antibodies noncovalently coated on FNDs. A detection limit of ∼0.02 ng mL-1 was achieved with the lateral flow membrane strip pre-structured with a narrow channel of 1 mm width. Adopting a cut-off value of 24.0 ng mm-1 for 100-nm FNDs on the strips, the method detected 49 out of 50 clinical samples with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexes. In contrast, none of the assays for 10 clinical samples with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates exhibited the presence of ESAT6. These results suggest that the SELFIA platform is applicable for TB detection and can differentiate TB from NTM infections, which also affect the human respiratory system. The FND-enabled immunosensing techniques are versatile and promising for early detection of TB and other diseases, opening a new avenue for biomedical applications of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | | | - Wesley W-W Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Soo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Peng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Qin X, Paul R, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Cheng X, Liu Y. Multiplex solid-phase RPA coupled CRISPR-based visual detection of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 14:100381. [PMID: 38293281 PMCID: PMC10827331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge to the world's public health and led to over 6.9 million deaths reported to date. A rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective point-of-care virus detection device is essential for the control and surveillance of the contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The study presented here aimed to demonstrate a solid-phase isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification coupled CRISPR-based (spRPA-CRISPR) assay for on-chip multiplexed, sensitive and visual COVID-19 DNA detection. The assay targets the SARS-CoV-2 structure protein encoded genomes and can simultaneously detect two specific genes without cross-interaction. The amplified target sequences were immobilized on the one-pot device surface and detected using the mixed Cas12a-crRNA collateral cleavage of reporter-released fluorescent signal when specific genes were recognized. The endpoint signal can be directly visualized for rapid detection of COVID-19. The system was tested with samples of a broad range of concentrations (20 to 2 × 104 copies) and showed analytical sensitivity down to 20 copies per microliter. Furthermore, a low-cost blue LED flashlight (~$12) was used to provide a visible SARS-CoV-2 detection signal of the spRPA-CRISPR assay which could be purchased online easily. Thus, our platform provides a sensitive and easy-to-read multiplexed gene detection method that can specifically identify low concentration genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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Dong B, He Z, Li Y, Xu X, Wang C, Zeng J. Improved Conventional and New Approaches in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:924410. [PMID: 35711765 PMCID: PMC9195135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Timely diagnosis and effective treatment are essential in the control of TB. Conventional smear microscopy still has low sensitivity and is unable to reveal the drug resistance of this bacterium. The traditional culture-based diagnosis is time-consuming, since usually the results are available after 3–4 weeks. Molecular biology methods fail to differentiate live from dead M. tuberculosis, while diagnostic immunology methods fail to distinguish active from latent TB. In view of these limitations of the existing detection techniques, in addition to the continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB, in recent years there has been an increase in the demand for simple, rapid, accurate and economical point-of-care approaches. This review describes the development, evaluation, and implementation of conventional diagnostic methods for TB and the rapid new approaches for the detection of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqun He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li T, Soelberg SD, Taylor Z, Sakthivelpathi V, Furlong CE, Kim JH, Ahn SG, Han PD, Starita LM, Zhu J, Chung JH. Highly Sensitive Immunoresistive Sensor for Point-Of-Care Screening for COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:149. [PMID: 35323418 PMCID: PMC8946488 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care (POC) screening of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires further improvements to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive detection. Here we describe an immunoresistive sensor on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film for simple, inexpensive, and highly sensitive COVID-19 screening. The sensor is composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with monoclonal antibodies that bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Silver electrodes are silkscreen-printed on SWCNTs to reduce contact resistance. We determine the SARS-CoV-2 status via the resistance ratio of control- and SARS-CoV-2 sensor electrodes. A combined measurement of two adjacent sensors enhances the sensitivity and specificity of the detection protocol. The lower limit of detection (LLD) of the SWCNT assay is 350 genome equivalents/mL. The developed SWCNT sensor shows 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity in clinical sample testing. Further, our device adds benefits of a small form factor, simple operation, low power requirement, and low assay cost. This highly sensitive film sensor will facilitate rapid COVID-19 screening and expedite the development of POC screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (T.L.); (Z.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Scott D. Soelberg
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.D.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Zachary Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (T.L.); (Z.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Vigneshwar Sakthivelpathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (T.L.); (Z.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Clement E. Furlong
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.D.S.); (C.E.F.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;
| | - Sang-gyeun Ahn
- Industrial Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Peter D. Han
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (P.D.H.); (L.M.S.)
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (P.D.H.); (L.M.S.)
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, and Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (T.L.); (Z.T.); (V.S.)
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