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Kilic A, Emecen Sanli M, Ozsaydı Aktasoglu E, Gokalp S, Biberoğlu G, Inci A, Okur I, Suheyl Ezgu F, Tumer L. Endocrinological and metabolic profile of Gaucher disease patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:413-418. [PMID: 38624096 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme deficiency. Gaucher cells transformed from the macrophages by progressive sphingolipid accumulation and infiltrate bone marrow, spleen, liver, and other organs. The accumulation of substrate causes inflammation, compromised cellular homeostasis, and disturbed autophagy. It has been hypothesized that this proinflammatory state of GD leads cytokines and chemokines release. As a result of inflammatory process, the cellular dysfunction caused by disruption of cellular signaling, organelle dysfunction, or autoimmune antibodies may affect endocrine profile of GD patients such as hormone levels, lipid profile, and bone mineral density status. METHODS A total of 13 patients confirmed to have GD, 12 non-neuronopathic type and one subacute neuronopathic type, were enrolled in our study. RESULTS The median treatment duration in the enzyme therapy was 13.33 years (9-26 years). At least one endocrinological abnormality was detected in blood tests of nine patients. Hyperinsulinism was the most common finding although fasting blood glucose levels HgbA1c levels were normal in all patients. Two patients had osteopenia, and osteoporosis was detected in two patients. Low HDL levels were detected in six patients, but HDL levels below 23 mg/dL associated with disease severity have been detected in two patients who have not receiving enzyme replacement therapy. None of patients had thyroidal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study had revealed endocrinological abnormalities in GD patients that have not led any severe morbidity in our patients. However, thyroid hormone abnormalities, insulin resistance, or lipid profile abnormalities may cause unpredictable comorbidities. Endocrinological assessment in GD patients in routine follow-up may prevent possible clinical manifestation in long term as well as can define efficacy of ERT on endocrine abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kilic
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Merve Emecen Sanli
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ekin Ozsaydı Aktasoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabire Gokalp
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gürsel Biberoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Inci
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Suheyl Ezgu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Leyla Tumer
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Gazı University Faculty of Medicine, Eminiyet Mahallesi, Yenimahalle/Ankara, Türkiye
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Ersoy M, Pişkinpaşa H. Evaluation of endocrinological involvement and metabolic status in patients with Gaucher disease Type 1 and Fabry disease under enzyme replacement therapy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:519-527. [PMID: 35245971 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) and Fabry disease (FD) are the two most common lysosomal storage diseases. For over three decades, effective enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) have changed the fate of patients and offered a longer chance of survival and improve their quality of life. METHODS The clinical and molecular findings, endocrinological features and metabolic status of 26 patients (16 with FD, and 10 with GD1) were evaluated. The results were compared to age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. RESULTS Patients with GD1 and FD were followed for 7.2 ± 4.7 and 6.4 ± 4.3 years, respectively. Calcium and magnesium levels in patients with GD1 were lower than in controls (p=0.01; p=0.002). Osteoporosis was detected in 20% (n=2) of GD1 patients and 12.5% (n=2) of FD patients. The HbA1c value of GD1 patients was significantly lower than both in control and Fabry patients (p=0.004; and p=0.007, respectively). There was a negative correlation between LysoGb3 and female gender (p=0.04; r=-0.49), but no correlation was found with any other biochemical parameters. There was a negative correlation between the LysoGb1 level and the neutrophil (p=0.03; r=-0.711) and thrombocyte levels (p=0.02; r=-0.767), and a positive correlation with ferritin levels (p<0.001; r=0.867). CONCLUSION Long time effective ERT seems to have beneficial effects on metabolic and hormonal status as well as primary target organs in both FD and GD1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamide Pişkinpaşa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gaucher Disease Diagnosis Using Lyso-Gb1 on Dry Blood Spot Samples: Time to Change the Paradigm? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031627. [PMID: 35163551 PMCID: PMC8835963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, the gold standard for diagnosing Gaucher disease (GD) has been detecting reduced β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity in peripheral blood cells combined with GBA1 mutation analysis. The use of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens offers many advantages, including easy collection, the need for a small amount of blood, and simpler transportation. However, DBS has limitations for measuring GCase activity. In this paper, we recount our cross-sectional study and publish seven years of experience using DBS samples and levels of the deacylated form of glucocerebroside, glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), for GD diagnosis. Of 444 screened subjects, 99 (22.3%) were diagnosed with GD at a median (range) age of 21 (1–78) years. Lyso-Gb levels for genetically confirmed GD patients vs. subjects negative to GD diagnosis were 252 (9–1340) ng/mL and 5.4 (1.5–16) ng/mL, respectively. Patients diagnosed with GD1 and mild GBA1 variants had lower median (range) lyso-Gb1, 194 (9–1050), compared to GD1 and severe GBA1 variants, 447 (38–1340) ng/mL, and neuronopathic GD, 325 (116–1270) ng/mL (p = 0.001). Subjects with heterozygous GBA1 variants (carrier) had higher lyso-Gb1 levels, 5.8 (2.5–15.3) ng/mL, compared to wild-type GBA1, 4.9 (1.5–16), ng/mL (p = 0.001). Lyso-Gb1 levels, median (range), were 5 (2.7–10.7) in heterozygous GBA1 carriers with Parkinson’s disease (PD), similar to lyso-Gb1 levels in subjects without PD. We call for a paradigm change for the diagnosis of GD based on lyso-Gb1 measurements and confirmatory GBA1 mutation analyses in DBS. Lyso-Gb1 levels could not be used to differentiate between heterozygous GBA1 carriers and wild type.
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Carubbi F, Barbato A, Burlina AB, Francini F, Mignani R, Pegoraro E, Landini L, De Danieli G, Bruni S, Strazzullo P. Nutrition in adult patients with selected lysosomal storage diseases. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:733-744. [PMID: 33589321 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders affecting the function of lysosomes and are characterized by an accumulation of undigested substrates within several cell types. In recent years there have been substantial advances in supportive care and drug treatment for some LSDs, leading to improved patient survival, as seen in Gaucher, Pompe and Fabry disease and some Mucopolysaccharidoses; however, many symptoms still persist. Thus it is now even more important to improve patients' quality of life and reduce symptoms and comorbidities. One potential way of achieving this goal is through adjunct nutritional therapy, which is challenging as patients may be overweight with associated consequences, or malnourished, or underweight. Furthermore, drugs used to treat LSDs can modify the metabolic status and needs of patients. There are currently not enough data to make specific dietary recommendations for individual LSDs; however, suggestions can be made for managing clinical manifestations of the diseases, as well as treatment-associated adverse events. The metabolic and nutritional status of adult patients must be regularly assessed and individualized dietary plans may be created to cater to a patient's specific needs. Damage to the autophagic process is a common feature in LSDs that is potentially sensitive to dietary manipulation and needs to be assessed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carubbi
- U.O.C. Medicina metabolica AOU Modena, Metabolic Medicine Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
| | - Antonio Barbato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto B Burlina
- U.O.C. Malattie Metaboliche Ereditarie, Major Operational Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Francini
- U.O. Nutrizione Clinica, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Renzo Mignani
- U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi dell'Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, Nephrology Operational Unit of the Infermi Hospital in Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Landini
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria - Sestri Levante Hospital, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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López de Frutos L, García-González E, García-Rodríguez B, González-Irazabal Y, Lahoz C, Irún P, Cebolla JJ, Giraldo P. Serum protein profile analysis in lysosomal storage disorders patients. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:430-436. [PMID: 32745579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a well-established technique to identify alterations in plasma protein profiles, caused by diseases as multiple myeloma (MM). In addition, it could be a cost-effective technique to discover new plasma biomarkers. Relation between MM and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) as Gaucher disease has been set out but, it has not been evaluated on other LSDs nor the utility of the SPE as first step on LSDs biomarkers discovery projects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stored plasma samples at diagnosis from several LSDs patients underwent analysis. Quality control was checked prior to the SPE was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The analysis for monoclonal spikes and the differences between each fraction on patients' samples vs the control data previously published, were evaluated. Furthermore, immunoprotein quantification and free light chains ratio were done by nephelometry and turbidimetry. RESULTS Seventy-five samples of LSD patients at diagnosis, were assessed. The frequency of the MGUS on LSDs patients was not higher than in general population whereas one lysosomal acid lipase deficiency infant showed increased IgA and kappa deviation. Regarding to the usefulness of SPE in biomarkers discovery, statistically significant differences were observed on SPE fractions between LSDs and healthy population. DISCUSSION The evaluation of SPE fractions can be a useful tool to understand pathophysiologic aspects in LDSs and, to simplify new marker discovery projects. In some of them, the MGUS appearance is a risk factor for the MM development despite its frequency is not increased on the studied LSDs at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López de Frutos
- GIIS-012. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Fundación para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y Otras Lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Elena García-González
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Lahoz
- Fundación para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y Otras Lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jorge J Cebolla
- GIIS-012. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Fundación para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y Otras Lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Novel biomarkers for lysosomal storage disorders: Metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:195-209. [PMID: 32561345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by the accumulation of specific disease substrates inside the lysosomes of various cells, eventually leading to the deterioration of cellular function and multisystem organ damage. With the continuous discovery and validation of novel and advanced therapies for most LSDs, there is an urgent need to discover more versatile and clinically relevant biomarkers. The utility of these biomarkers should ideally extend beyond the screening and diagnosis of LSDs to the evaluation of disease severity and monitoring of therapy. Metabolomic and proteomic approaches provide the means to the discovery and validation of such novel biomarkers. This is achieved mainly through the application of various mass spectrometric techniques to common and easily accessible biological samples, such as plasma, urine and dried blood spots. In this review, we tried to summarize the complexity of the lysosomal disorders phenotypes, their current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the various techniques supporting metabolomic and proteomic studies and finally we tried to explore the newly discovered biomarkers for most LSDs and their reported clinical values.
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Kałużna M, Trzeciak I, Ziemnicka K, Machaczka M, Ruchała M. Endocrine and metabolic disorders in patients with Gaucher disease type 1: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:275. [PMID: 31791361 PMCID: PMC6889605 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gaucher disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent lysosomal storage diseases and is associated with hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including nutritional status disorders, hypermetabolic state with high resting energy expenditures, peripheral insulin resistance, hypoadiponectinaemia, leptin and ghrelin impairments, hypolipidaemia, linear growth deceleration and growth hormone deficiency, delayed puberty, hypocalcaemia and vitamin D deficiency. Specific treatments for GD such as enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy display significant effects on the metabolic profile of GD patients. Main body of the abstract Hormonal and metabolic disturbances observed in both adult and paediatric patients with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) are discussed in this review. The PubMed database was used to identify articles on endocrine and metabolic disorders in GD1. GD1 appears to facilitate the development of disorders of nutrition, glucose metabolism and vitamin D insufficiency. Metabolic and hormonal diseases may have a significant impact on the course of the underlying disease and patient quality of life. Conclusions Conditions relating to hormones and metabolism can be wide-ranging in GD1. Obtained findings were intrinsic to GD either as a deleterious process or a compensatory response and some changes detected may represent co-morbidities. Actively seeking and diagnosing endocrine and metabolic disorders are strongly recommended in GD1 patients to optimize healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kałużna
- Ward of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases Ward, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Isabella Trzeciak
- Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Ward of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases Ward, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Machaczka
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Internal Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Ward of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases Ward, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Sulaiman RA. Inherited metabolic disorders and dyslipidaemia. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:384-390. [PMID: 31757783 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic dyslipidaemia is a diverse group of multisystem disorders. Patients may present to various specialities from early childhood to late in adult life, and it usually takes longer before the diagnosis is established. Increased awareness of these disorders among clinicians is imperative for early diagnosis. This best practice review provides an overview of primary dyslipidaemias, highlighting their clinical presentation, relevant biochemical and molecular tests. It also addresses the emerging role of genetics in the early diagnosis and prevention of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raashda A Sulaiman
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nascimbeni F, Cassinerio E, Dalla Salda A, Motta I, Bursi S, Donatiello S, Spina V, Cappellini MD, Carubbi F. Prevalence and predictors of liver fibrosis evaluated by vibration controlled transient elastography in type 1 Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:64-72. [PMID: 30115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long-term liver-related complications of Gaucher disease (GD) include cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although liver fibrosis is the main determinant of adverse liver-related clinical outcomes, it has rarely been evaluated in previously published cohorts of GD patients. We aimed at: assessing the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis in a cohort of patients with type 1 GD; identifying its predictors among GD-related variables, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and metabolic features. METHODS 37 adult type 1 GD patients from two Italian academic referral centers were prospectively submitted to vibration controlled transient elastography (Fibroscan®); significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness ≥7 kPa. RESULTS Median liver stiffness was 4.6 [3-15.1] kPa and 7 patients (19%) had significant fibrosis. Significant fibrosis was associated with splenectomy (p = .046) and with scores (DS3: p = .002; SSI: p = .026) and biomarkers (ACE: p = .016; HDL cholesterol: p = .004) of GD severity. Length of ERT was significantly lower in GD patients with significant fibrosis. In the subgroup of 29 patients who were on stable ERT for at least 24 months, further to splenectomy, GD severity and non-N370S GBA1 genotypes, also diastolic blood pressure, BMI and the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components emerged as factors significantly associated with significant fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Significant fibrosis is present in a remarkable proportion of adult type 1 GD patients. Splenectomy, GD severity and GBA1 genotypes are major GD-related predictors of liver fibrosis. Length of ERT is inversely correlated with liver disease in GD patients, suggesting a beneficial effect of ERT on liver fibrosis. However, GD patients on stable ERT should be monitored for metabolic complications, since MetS features may enhance liver disease progression despite optimal GD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nascimbeni
- Regional Referral Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, Civil Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cassinerio
- Rare Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, "Ca' Granda" Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalla Salda
- Regional Referral Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, Civil Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Motta
- Rare Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, "Ca' Granda" Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Bursi
- Regional Referral Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, Civil Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Spina
- Radiology Division, Civil Hospital, AOU, Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Rare Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, "Ca' Granda" Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Carubbi
- Regional Referral Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, Civil Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Diagnosis and Management of Gaucher Disease in India – Consensus Guidelines of the Gaucher Disease Task Force of the Society for Indian Academy of Medical Genetics and the Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Indian Pediatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Justification
Gaucher disease (GD) is amongst the most frequently occurring lysosomal storage disorder in all ethnicities. The clinical manifestations and natural history of GD is highly heterogeneous with extreme geographic and ethnic variations. The literature on GD has paucity of information and optimal management guidelines for Indian patients.
Process
Gaucher Disease Task Force was formed under the auspices of the Society for Indian Academy of Medical Genetics. Invited experts from various specialties formulated guidelines for the management of patients with GD. A writing committee was formed and the draft guidelines were circulated by email to all members for comments and inputs. The guidelines were finalized in December 2016 at the annual meeting of the Indian Academy of Medical Genetics.
Objectives
These guidelines are intended to serve as a standard framework for treating physicians and the health care systems for optimal management of Gaucher disease in India and to define unique needs of this patient population.
Recommendations
Manifestations of GD are protean and a high index of suspicion is essential for timely diagnosis. Patients frequently experience diagnostic delays during which severe irreversible complications occur. Leucocyte acid β-glucosidase activity is mandatory for establishing the diagnosis of Gaucher disease; molecular testing can help identify patients at risk of neuronopathic disease. Enzyme replacement therapy for type 1 and type 3 Gaucher disease is the standard of care. Best outcomes are achieved by early initiation of therapy before onset of irreversible complications. However, in setting of progressive neurological symptoms such as seizures and or/neuroregression, ERT is not recommended, as it cannot cross the blood brain barrier. The recommendations herein are for diagnosis, for initiation of therapy, therapeutic goals, monitoring and follow up of patients. We highlight that prevention of recurrence of the disease through genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis is essential in India, due to uniformly severe phenotypes encountered in our population.
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Energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk and liver disease burden in adult patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 68:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Watad S, Abu-Saleh N, Yousif A, Agbaria A, Rosenbaum H. The role of high density lipoprotein in Type 1 Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 68:43-46. [PMID: 27876360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I Gaucher Disease (GD1) is known to be associated with hypocholesterolemia and reduced levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). In this study we aimed to correlate disease severity with HDL levels and to evaluate the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on HDL levels as well as estimating the frequency of cardiovascular events in GD. Two groups of GD1 patients were evaluated: 30 untreated and 36 patients on ERT. Disease severity, biomarkers of GD and lipid levels were evaluated in the two groups. The Zimran Severity Score Index (SSI) was used to estimate disease severity and the effect of ERT on HDL levels was evaluated, as well as the frequency of cardiovascular disease. GD1 patients with more severe disease (SSI median 11) had significantly lower levels of HDL (median 23mg/dL), compared to patients with milder (SSI median 4.5) disease (median 37mg/dL p=0.001). HDL levels increased after ERT. Despite lower HDL levels in patients with more severe disease, a low frequency of cardiovascular events was detected. HDL level should be used in GD as a biomarker for diagnosis, monitoring and estimation of ERT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmas Watad
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niroz Abu-Saleh
- Department of Oncology, Nazareth Towers Clalit, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Awni Yousif
- Department of Oncology, Nazareth Towers Clalit, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Abed Agbaria
- Department of Oncology, Nazareth Towers Clalit, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenbaum
- Department of Oncology, Nazareth Towers Clalit, Nazareth, Israel.
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[Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease type B) in adulthood: A retrospective multicentric study of 28 adult cases]. Rev Med Interne 2016; 38:291-299. [PMID: 27884455 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.10.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with a clinical spectrum ranging from a neurovisceral infantile form (Niemann-Pick disease type A) to a chronic visceral form also encountered in adults (Niemann-Pick disease type B, NP-B). METHODS Retrospective multicentric analysis of French adult patients with ASMD over the period 1985-March 2015. Clinical, biological, and imaging data were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (19 males, 9 females) were analyzed. Diagnosis was made before the age of 10 years in 16 cases. Main symptoms at diagnosis were spleen/liver enlargement and interstitial lung disease. Biological abnormalities included: thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 000/mm3) in 24 cases including 4 patients with platelet count <60 000/mm3, constantly low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (n=6), monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (n=5), normal prothrombin level discordant with low factor V (n=5), elevated chitotriosidase level (n=11). The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by deficient acid sphingomyelinase enzyme activity. SMPD1 gene sequencing was performed in 25 cases. The frequent p.R610del mutation was largely predominant, constituting 62% of the non-related alleles. During the follow-up period, three patients died before 50 years of age from cirrhosis, heart failure and lung insufficiency, respectively. CONCLUSION ASMD in adulthood (NP-B) associates spleen/liver enlargement and interstitial lung disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for reducing the risk of complications, improving quality of life, and avoiding inappropriate procedures such as splenectomy. To date, only symptomatic therapy is available. A phase 2/3 therapeutic trial with IV infusion of recombinant enzyme is on-going.
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Drugan C, Drugan TC, Miron N, Grigorescu-Sido P, Naşcu I, Cătană C. Evaluation of neopterin as a biomarker for the monitoring of Gaucher disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:379-86. [PMID: 26903266 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2016.1144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarker research is an important area of investigation in Gaucher disease, caused by an inherited deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. We evaluated the usefulness of neopterin, as a novel biomarker reflecting chronic inflammation and immune system activation in Gaucher disease and analysed its evolution in response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). METHODS Circulating plasma neopterin levels in 31 patients with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease were measured before and after the onset of ERT and were compared with those of 18 healthy controls. Plasma chitotriosidase activity was also monitored, as a reference biomarker, against which we evaluated the evolution of neopterin. RESULTS Neopterin levels were significantly increased in treatment-naïve patients (mean 11.90 ± 5.82 nM) compared with controls (6.63 ± 5.59 nM, Mann-Whitney U test P = 0.001), but returned to normal levels (6.92 ± 4.66 nM) following ERT. Investigating the diagnostic value of neopterin by receiver operating characteristic analysis, we found a cut-off value of 7.613 nM that corresponds to an area under the curve of 0.780 and indicates a good discrimination capacity, with a sensitivity of 0.774 and a specificity of 0.778. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that measurement of circulating neopterin may be considered as a novel test for the confirmation of diagnosis and monitoring of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention in Gaucher disease. Plasma neopterin levels reflect the global accumulation and activation of Gaucher cells and the extent of chronic immune activation in this disorder. CONCLUSION Neopterin may be an alternative storage cell biomarker in Gaucher disease, especially in chitotriosidase-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Drugan
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Tudor C Drugan
- b Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Nicolae Miron
- c Department of Clinical Immunology , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Paula Grigorescu-Sido
- d Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Clinic I , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ioana Naşcu
- d Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Clinic I , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Cristina Cătană
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Doneda D, Lopes AL, Teixeira BC, Mittelstadt SD, Moulin CC, Schwartz IV. Ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels in Gaucher disease type I patients on enzyme replacement therapy. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:727-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fuller M, Szer J, Stark S, Fletcher JM. Rapid, single-phase extraction of glucosylsphingosine from plasma: A universal screening and monitoring tool. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:6-10. [PMID: 26232157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosylsphingosine (GluSph) has emerged as a biomarker for the inherited metabolic disorder, Gaucher disease (GD). We developed a simple laboratory test to measure plasma GluSph and show that elevated GluSph is diagnostic for GD as well as informing on disease burden for monitoring patients on treatment. METHODS GluSph was measured from a single-phase total lipid extraction of 0.01 mL of plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry and concentrations extrapolated from a seven point standard curve (0.04 to 20 pmoL). A total of 1464 samples were tested and longitudinal assessment of an additional 20 GD patients. RESULTS All patients with GD had elevated GluSph compared to unaffected controls and 16 other metabolic disorders. GluSph was also slightly elevated in three patients with Krabbe disease but not at concentrations to confuse a GD diagnosis. GluSph correlated with chitotriosidase in the majority of GD patients on treatment who were informative for this marker. CONCLUSIONS GluSph can be easily measured from 0.01 mL of plasma and is useful as a diagnostic marker for GD with the current platform suited to high-throughput screening. It outperforms other GD biomarkers for biochemical monitoring of patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology [at Women's and Children's Hospital], 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Jeff Szer
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Medicine, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Samantha Stark
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology [at Women's and Children's Hospital], 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Janice M Fletcher
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology [at Women's and Children's Hospital], 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Zimmermann A, Grigorescu-Sido P, Rossmann H, Lackner KJ, Drugan C, Al Khzouz C, Bucerzan S, Naşcu I, Zimmermann T, Leucuţa D, Weber MM. Dynamic changes of lipid profile in Romanian patients with Gaucher disease type 1 under enzyme replacement therapy: a prospective study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:555-63. [PMID: 22976766 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia in Gaucher disease includes reduced total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C). No prospective analysis of lipid profile changes in treatment-naïve patients under enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available. METHODS We analyzed lipid profile changes during ERT in a prospective controlled manner. Twelve treatment-naïve patients, Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1), 29.5 ± 12.9 years, 4M/8F. Diagnosis was made by enzymatic measurement and mutational analysis. Total-, LDL-, and HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), and LDL subfractions were assessed before the start of ERT with imiglucerase and biannually for 3 years. Patients were matched with healthy controls before and after 3 years of ERT. RESULTS At baseline, we found severely reduced HDL-C concentrations (23.6 ± 5.4 mg/dl) and enhanced LDL/HDL ratios (3.1 ± 0.7). HDL-C increased after 6 months (29.2 ± 5.7, p = 0.023), LDL/HDL ratio decreased after 30 months (2.5 ± 0.5, p = 0.039). TG, even not consistently enhanced at baseline (128 ± 31.3 mg/dl), yet higher than in controls (p < 0.001), decreased after 18 months, being comparable with controls after 3 years of ERT. Small, dense LDL (mg/dl) increased continuously without significant difference to controls. After 3 years of ERT, only reduced HDL-C concentrations persisted as a potentially atherogenic alteration; however, mean concentrations markedly improved (42.9 ± 8.3 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Lipid parameters correlated with six markers of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective controlled study regarding lipid profile dynamics during ERT (glucocerebrosidase) in initially treatment-naïve GD1 patients. The most important changes were reduced HDL-C and enhanced LDL/HDL ratio. Their dynamics during ERT and correlations with markers of disease activity suggest that they can be considered markers of disease severity and follow-up in Gaucher patients under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Zimmermann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany,
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Thomas A, Mehta A, Hughes D. Diagnosing Gaucher disease: An on-going need for increased awareness amongst haematologists. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:212-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Di Rocco M, Andria G, Bembi B, Carubbi F, Giona F, Giuffrida G, Linari S, Sibilio M, Spina V, Cappellini MD. Minimal disease activity in Gaucher disease: criteria for definition. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:521-5. [PMID: 22954583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease type I is a metabolic disorder caused by a genetic deficiency of lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase that leads to accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages, thus causing damage in different organ systems. Enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase improves organ impairment and clinical manifestations, but patients differ in response to treatment. While clinical remission is the most desirable therapeutic outcome, a more realistic goal in patients with high disease burden is reasonably good clinical status despite persistence of residual biochemical or imaging abnormalities. Therefore, the concept of minimal disease activity--used in certain haematological or rheumatologic conditions--needs to be introduced in Gaucher disease, with a level of disease activity that patients and physicians consider a useful treatment target. In this paper, we propose specific parameters and criteria for defining minimal disease activity in Gaucher disease and its stability over time, based on three major systemic domains typically involved: haematological, visceral, and skeletal. Biomarker parameters were not included as criteria, because currently they do not adequately reflect disease evolution in individual patients. Neurological and respiratory domains were also excluded, as their involvement per se indicates severe disease unlikely to respond to enzyme replacement therapy and achieve minimal disease status. Our goal in defining minimal disease activity and stability is to identify a tool to facilitate treatment decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Khan A, Hangartner T, Weinreb NJ, Taylor JS, Mistry PK. Risk factors for fractures and avascular osteonecrosis in type 1 Gaucher disease: a study from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1839-48. [PMID: 22692814 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that overall disease activity or the severity of involvement of individual disease compartments, as measured by clinical and surrogate markers, predict the risk of avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) or fractures in type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1). We applied our risk-set matched case-control method to identify four patient groups within the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry based on the presence and absence of AVN and fractures. Characteristics of GD1 were examined by comparing the distributions of each risk factor in cases versus matched controls using conditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Potential risk factors included hematological and visceral parameters, GD1 biomarkers, white blood cells, GBA1 genotype, and spine and femur dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Z-scores. In the total population of 5894 ICGG Gaucher Registry patients, 544 experienced at least one episode of AVN; 2008 reported no history of AVN. Clinical and surrogate markers of disease activity were similar in patients with and without AVN; patients with AVN were 1.6 times more likely to be anemic compared to matched controls (OR = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.38, p < 0.05). For fractures, 319 patients suffered fractures and 1233 had no prior history of fractures. Clinical and surrogate markers of disease in patients with and without fractures were similar, except for mean lumbar spine DXA Z-scores. Among patients with fractures, 49.3% had DXA Z-scores ≤ -1 compared to 31.0% in the control group. Compared to controls with Z-scores > -1.0, GD1 patients exhibiting Z-scores ≤ -1 had an OR of 5.55 (95% CI, 1.81-17.02, p < 0.01) for fracture. In GD1, after controlling for gender, year of birth, treatment status, and splenectomy status, we identified new risk factors for AVN and fractures. Concurrent anemia was associated with an increased risk for AVN. Low bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was a strong risk factor for fractures of the spine and femur in GD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneal Khan
- Metabolic Diseases Clinic, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gort L, José Coll M. Diagnóstico, biomarcadores y alteraciones bioquímicasde la enfermedad de Gaucher. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 137 Suppl 1:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(11)70011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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