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Iglesias-Romero AB, Kaminska K, Quinodoz M, Folcher M, Lin S, Arno G, Calado J, Webster AR, Moulin A, Sousa AB, Coutinho-Santos L, Santos C, Rivolta C. Bi-allelic variants in COQ8B, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, lead to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:2299-2306. [PMID: 39226897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a Mendelian disease characterized by gradual loss of vision, due to the progressive degeneration of retinal cells. Genetically, it is highly heterogeneous, with pathogenic variants identified in more than 100 genes so far. Following a large-scale sequencing screening, we identified five individuals (four families) with recessive and non-syndromic RP, carrying as well bi-allelic DNA changes in COQ8B, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10. Specifically, we detected compound heterozygous assortments of five disease-causing variants (c.187C>T [p.Arg63Trp], c.566G>A [p.Trp189Ter], c.1156G>A [p.Asp386Asn], c.1324G>A [p.Val442Met], and c.1560G>A [p.Trp520Ter]), all segregating with disease according to a recessive pattern of inheritance. Cell-based analysis of recombinant proteins deriving from these genotypes, performed by target engagement assays, showed in all cases a significant decrease in ligand-protein interaction compared to the wild type. Our results indicate that variants in COQ8B lead to recessive non-syndromic RP, possibly by impairing the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, a key component of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Iglesias-Romero
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Marc Folcher
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siying Lin
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Joaquim Calado
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrew R Webster
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratory of Basic Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Santos
- Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, 1150-255 Lisboa, Portugal; iNOVA4Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa NOVA Medical School, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Vicente-García C, Ardila-García L, Padilla-Campos A, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C, Zammit PS, Carvajal JJ, Navas P, Fernández-Ayala DJM. Prenatal and progressive coenzyme Q 10 administration to mitigate muscle dysfunction in mitochondrial disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39354863 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADCK genes encode aarF domain-containing mitochondrial kinases involved in coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis and regulation. Haploinsufficiency of ADCK2 in humans leads to adult-onset physical incapacity with reduced mitochondrial CoQ levels in skeletal muscle, resulting in mitochondrial myopathy and alterations in fatty acid β-oxidation. The sole current treatment for CoQ deficiencies is oral administration of CoQ10, which causes only partial recovery with postnatal treatment, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis for successful intervention. METHODS We used Adck2 heterozygous mice to examine the influence of this gene on muscle structure, function and regeneration throughout development, growth and ageing. This investigation involved techniques including immunohistochemistry, analysis of CoQ levels, mitochondrial respiratory content, muscle transcriptome analysis and functional tests. RESULTS We demonstrated that Adck2 heterozygous mice exhibit defects from embryonic development, particularly in skeletal muscle (1102 genes deregulated). Adck2 heterozygous embryos were 7% smaller in size and displayed signs of delayed development. Prenatal administration of CoQ10 could mitigate these embryonic defects. Heterozygous Adck2 mice also showed a decrease in myogenic cell differentiation, with more severe consequences in 'aged' mice (41.63% smaller) (P < 0.01). Consequently, heterozygous Adck2 mice displayed accelerated muscle wasting associated with ageing in muscle structure (P < 0.05), muscle function (less grip strength capacity) (P < 0.001) and muscle mitochondrial respiration (P < 0.001). Furthermore, progressive CoQ10 administration conferred protective effects on mitochondrial function (P < 0.0001) and skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our work uncovered novel aspects of CoQ deficiencies, revealing defects during embryonic development in mammals for the first time. Additionally, we identified the gradual establishment and progression of the deleterious Adck2 mouse phenotype. Importantly, CoQ10 supplementation demonstrated a protective effect when initiated during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Lorena Ardila-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Padilla-Campos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jaime J Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Cirilli I, Orlando P, Hrelia S, Marcheggiani F, Tiano L, Beghelli D, Angeloni C. Endogenous coenzyme Q content and exogenous bioavailability in D. melanogaster. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37854. [PMID: 39315151 PMCID: PMC11417581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Development and aging significantly impact the cellular levels of Coenzyme Q (CoQ), which is associated with both pathological and physiological conditions. Aim of this study was to describe the CoQ status throughout the lifetime of Drosophila melanogaster, a well-established model in aging studies. CoQ9 and CoQ distribution was analysed across different body segments and various life stages in both male and female flies. The results indicate that CoQ9 is the predominant isoform in every phase of flies' life cycle, with the highest concentrations observed in the thorax. We noted distinct trends in CoQ distribution during aging, which varied according to sex and body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen). Supplementation with two concentrations of CoQ9 and CoQ10 (15 μM and 75 μM) for 2 weeks induced a segment- and sex-specific CoQ uptake. Although 75 μM CoQ10 was more effective in modulating the CoQ status, lifelong treatment with this concentration did not affect the longevity of the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
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Lin KYK, Lam CW, Chan EYH, Lee M, Chung BHY, Fung CW, Rodenburg R, Licht C, Lap-Tak Ma A. Familial thrombotic microangiopathy in a child with coenzyme Q10 deficiency-associated glomerulopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06496-1. [PMID: 39225810 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We report a child with biallelic COQ6 variants presenting with familial thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). A Chinese boy presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome at 8 months old and went into kidney failure requiring peritoneal dialysis at 15 months old. He presented with hypertensive encephalopathy with the triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute on chronic kidney injury at 25 months old following a viral illness. Kidney biopsy showed features of chronic TMA. He was managed with supportive therapy and plasma exchanges and maintained on eculizumab. However, he had another TMA relapse despite complement inhibition a year later. Eculizumab was withdrawn, and supportive therapies, including ubiquinol (50 mg/kg/day) and vitamins, were optimized. He remained relapse-free since then for 4 years. Of note, his elder sister succumbed to multiple organ failure with histological evidence of chronic TMA at the age of 4. Retrospective genetic analysis revealed the same compound heterozygous variants in the COQ6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Ying-Kit Lin
- Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Eugene Yu-Hin Chan
- Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mianne Lee
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Brian Hon-Yin Chung
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cheuk-Wing Fung
- Metabolic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Licht
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alison Lap-Tak Ma
- Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Javed M, Goswami DK, Raj H, Lohana K, Goswami B, Karim A, Warayo A, Farooqi P, Alamy H, Ullah ZO, Mohammad A, Farooqi SA, Ali H, Shuja D, Malik J, Baloch ZQ. Cardiac Manifestations in Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00299. [PMID: 38980048 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) stem from genetic defects affecting enzyme function within specific metabolic pathways, collectively constituting rare conditions with an incidence of less than 1/100,000 births. While IMDs typically manifest with multisystemic symptoms, cardiac manifestations are common, notably hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, they can lead to dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy, as well as noncompacted left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Rhythm disturbances such as atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and ventricular arrhythmias, along with valvular pathologies and ischemic coronary issues, are also prevalent. This study aims to provide a narrative review of IMDs associated with cardiac involvement, delineating the specific cardiac manifestations of each disorder alongside systemic symptoms pivotal for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeena Javed
- From the Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Danish Kumar Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hem Raj
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lohana
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Barkha Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Karim
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Allah Warayo
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Palwasha Farooqi
- Department of Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Haroon Alamy
- Department of Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Zainab Obaid Ullah
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Syed Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hafsah Ali
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Darab Shuja
- Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Cuenca-Gómez JÁ, Lara-Rojas CM, Bonilla-López A. Cardiac manifestations in inherited metabolic diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102587. [PMID: 38653442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) are caused by the functional defect of an enzyme, of genetic origin, that provokes a blockage in a specific metabolic pathway. Individually, IMD are considered rare diseases, with an incidence of less than 1/100,000 births. The symptoms are usually multisystemic, but frequently include cardiac manifestations. Of these, the most common are cardiomyopathies, especially hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, they can cause dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy and non-compacted cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle. Characteristic signs also include rhythm alterations (atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or ventricular arrhythmias), valvular pathology and ischaemic coronary pathologies. The aim of this study is to present a narrative review of the IMD that may produce cardiac involvement. We describe both the specific cardiac manifestations of each disease and the systemic symptoms that guide diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Cuenca-Gómez
- Internal Medicine Service Hospital de Poniente El Ejido, Almería, Spain; Working Group on Minority Diseases of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (GTEM-SEMI), Almería, Spain.
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Steenberge LH, Rogers S, Sung AY, Fan J, Pagliarini DJ. Coenzyme Q 4 is a functional substitute for coenzyme Q 10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107269. [PMID: 38588811 PMCID: PMC11087978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important cofactor and antioxidant for numerous cellular processes, and its deficiency has been linked to human disorders including mitochondrial disease, heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and hypertension. Unfortunately, treatment with exogenous CoQ10 is often ineffective, likely due to its extreme hydrophobicity and high molecular weight. Here, we show that less hydrophobic CoQ species with shorter isoprenoid tails can serve as viable substitutes for CoQ10 in human cells. We demonstrate that CoQ4 can perform multiple functions of CoQ10 in CoQ-deficient cells at markedly lower treatment concentrations, motivating further investigation of CoQ4 as a supplement for CoQ10 deficiencies. In addition, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an initial set of compounds designed to target CoQ4 selectively to mitochondria using triphenylphosphonium. Our results indicate that select versions of these compounds can successfully be delivered to mitochondria in a cell model and be cleaved to produce CoQ4, laying the groundwork for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Steenberge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Y Sung
- University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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8
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Guo Y, Che R, Wang P, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F768-F779. [PMID: 38450435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in the human body, serving as the metabolic factory of the whole organism. When mitochondria are dysfunctional, it can affect all organs of the body. The kidney is rich in mitochondria, and its function is closely related to the development of kidney diseases. Studying the relationship between mitochondria and kidney disease progression is of great interest. In the past decade, scientists have made inspiring progress in investigating the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. This article discusses various mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial quality, including mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA repair, mitochondrial proteolysis and the unfolded protein response, mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondria-derived vesicles, and mitocytosis. The article also highlights the cross talk between mitochondria and other organelles, with a focus on kidney diseases. Finally, the article concludes with an overview of mitochondria-related clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Che
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Vargas-Pérez MDLÁ, Devos DP, López-Lluch G. An AlphaFold Structure Analysis of COQ2 as Key a Component of the Coenzyme Q Synthesis Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38671943 PMCID: PMC11047366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipidic compound that is widely distributed in nature, with crucial functions in metabolism, protection against oxidative damage and ferroptosis and other processes. CoQ biosynthesis is a conserved and complex pathway involving several proteins. COQ2 is a member of the UbiA family of transmembrane prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of the head and tail precursors of CoQ, which is a key step in the process, because its product is the first intermediate that will be modified in the head by the next components of the synthesis process. Mutations in this protein have been linked to primary CoQ deficiency in humans, a rare disease predominantly affecting organs with a high energy demand. The reaction catalyzed by COQ2 and its mechanism are still unknown. Here, we aimed at clarifying the COQ2 reaction by exploring possible substrate binding sites using a strategy based on homology, comprising the identification of available ligand-bound homologs with solved structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and their subsequent structural superposition in the AlphaFold predicted model for COQ2. The results highlight some residues located on the central cavity or the matrix loops that may be involved in substrate interaction, some of which are mutated in primary CoQ deficiency patients. Furthermore, we analyze the structural modifications introduced by the pathogenic mutations found in humans. These findings shed new light on the understanding of COQ2's function and, thus, CoQ's biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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10
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Wei Q, Yu H, Wang P, Xie J, Dong H, Wu Z, Li H. Biallelic variants in the COQ4 gene caused hereditary spastic paraplegia predominant phenotype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14529. [PMID: 38013626 PMCID: PMC11017416 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons. Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in COQ4 have been reported to cause primary CoQ10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7), which is a mitochondrial disease. AIMS We aimed to screened COQ4 variants in a cohort of HSP patients. METHODS A total of 87 genetically unidentified HSP index patients and their available family members were recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all probands. Functional studies were performed to identify the pathogenicity of those uncertain significance variants. RESULTS In this study, five different COQ4 variants were identified in three Chinese HSP pedigrees and two variants were novel, c.87dupT (p.Arg30*), c.304C>T (p.Arg102Cys). More importantly, we firstly described two early-onset pure HSP caused by COQ4 variants. Functional studies in patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed a reduction cellular CoQ10 levels and the abnormal mitochondrial structure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that bilateral variants in the COQ4 gene caused HSP predominant phenotype, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the COQ4-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pei‐Shan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hai‐Lin Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Fu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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11
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Sonuç Kartal G, Koç Yekedüz M, Köse E, Eminoğlu FT. Two Turkish patients with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7: case report and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:260-270. [PMID: 38353291 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 (OMIM 616276) results from bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the COQ4 gene. Common clinical findings include hypotonia, seizures, respiratory distress, and cardiomyopathy. In this report, we present two patients diagnosed with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 along with a review of previously published cases, with the aim being to provide a better understanding of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-month-and-22-day-old male was admitted to our outpatient clinic due to poor feeding and restlessness. He was born following an uneventful pregnancy to a nonconsanguineous marriage. A physical examination revealed hypotonia, a dolichocephaly, periorbital edema, and long eyelashes. Blood tests revealed metabolic acidosis and elevated serum lactate levels, while the genetic analysis revealed a variant previously reported as pathogenic, c.437T>G (p.Phe146Cys), in the COQ4 gene. Genetic tests were also conducted on both mother and father, and it revealed heterozygous variant, 0.437T>G (p.Phe146Cys), in the COQ4 gene. As a result of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with neonatal encephalomyopathy-cardiomyopathy-respiratory distress syndrome (Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7). A 1-year-old male was admitted to our clinic with complaints of hypotonia, seizures, and feeding difficulties. He was born following an uneventful pregnancy to a nonconsanguineous marriage. On his first day of life, he was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to poor feeding and hypotonia. A physical examination revealed microcephaly, a high palate, poor feeding, weak crying, hypotonia, bilateral horizontal nystagmus, and inability to maintain eye contact. Laboratory findings were within normal limits, while a whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous variant previously reported as pathogenic, c.458C>T (p.A153V), in the COQ4 gene. The patient was diagnosed with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7. CONCLUSIONS Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with neurological and dysmorphic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Koç Yekedüz
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Engin Köse
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Tuba Eminoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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12
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Chin HL, Lai PS, Tay SKH. A clinical approach to diagnosis and management of mitochondrial myopathies. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00304. [PMID: 38241155 PMCID: PMC10903095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the different types of mitochondrial myopathies (MM), associated phenotypes, genotypes as well as a practical clinical approach towards disease diagnosis, surveillance, and management. nDNA-related MM are more common in pediatric-onset disease whilst mtDNA-related MMs are more frequent in adults. Genotype-phenotype correlation in MM is challenging due to clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The multisystemic nature of many MMs adds to the diagnostic challenge. Diagnostic approaches utilizing genetic sequencing with next generation sequencing approaches such as gene panel, exome and genome sequencing are available. This aids molecular diagnosis, heteroplasmy detection in MM patients and furthers knowledge of known mitochondrial genes. Precise disease diagnosis can end the diagnostic odyssey for patients, avoid unnecessary testing, provide prognosis, facilitate anticipatory management, and enable access to available therapies or clinical trials. Adjunctive tests such as functional and exercise testing could aid surveillance of MM patients. Management requires a multi-disciplinary approach, systemic screening for comorbidities, cofactor supplementation, avoidance of substances that inhibit the respiratory chain and exercise training. This update of the current understanding on MMs provides practical perspectives on current diagnostic and management approaches for this complex group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Chin
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacey Kiat Hong Tay
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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13
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Atici AE, Crother TR, Noval Rivas M. Mitochondrial quality control in health and cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290046. [PMID: 38020895 PMCID: PMC10657886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. An optimal mitochondrial function is central to supplying tissues with high energy demand, such as the cardiovascular system. In addition to producing ATP as a power source, mitochondria are also heavily involved in adaptation to environmental stress and fine-tuning tissue functions. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) through fission, fusion, mitophagy, and biogenesis ensures the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulate cell survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple CVDs, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, diabetic and genetic cardiomyopathies, and Kawasaki Disease (KD). Thus, MQC is pivotal in promoting cardiovascular health. Here, we outline the mechanisms of MQC and discuss the current literature on mitochondrial adaptation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli E. Atici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Heinz JL, Swagemakers SMA, von Hofsten J, Helleberg M, Thomsen MM, De Keukeleere K, de Boer JH, Ilginis T, Verjans GMGM, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ, Mogensen TH. Whole exome sequencing of patients with varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus induced acute retinal necrosis reveals rare disease-associated genetic variants. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253040. [PMID: 38025266 PMCID: PMC10630912 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are neurotropic human alphaherpesviruses endemic worldwide. Upon primary infection, both viruses establish lifelong latency in neurons and reactivate intermittently to cause a variety of mild to severe diseases. Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare, sight-threatening eye disease induced by ocular VZV or HSV infection. The virus and host factors involved in ARN pathogenesis remain incompletely described. We hypothesize an underlying genetic defect in at least part of ARN cases. Methods We collected blood from 17 patients with HSV-or VZV-induced ARN, isolated DNA and performed Whole Exome Sequencing by Illumina followed by analysis in Varseq with criteria of CADD score > 15 and frequency in GnomAD < 0.1% combined with biological filters. Gene modifications relative to healthy control genomes were filtered according to high quality and read-depth, low frequency, high deleteriousness predictions and biological relevance. Results We identified a total of 50 potentially disease-causing genetic variants, including missense, frameshift and splice site variants and on in-frame deletion in 16 of the 17 patients. The vast majority of these genes are involved in innate immunity, followed by adaptive immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis; in several instances variants within a given gene or pathway was identified in several patients. Discussion We propose that the identified variants may contribute to insufficient viral control and increased necrosis ocular disease presentation in the patients and serve as a knowledge base and starting point for the development of improved diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Heinz
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanna von Hofsten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle M. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin De Keukeleere
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tomas Ilginis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georges M. G. M. Verjans
- HerpeslabNL, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trine H. Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Rebelo AP, Tomaselli PJ, Medina J, Wang Y, Dohrn MF, Nyvltova E, Danzi MC, Garrett M, Smith SE, Pestronk A, Li C, Ruiz A, Jacobs E, Feely SME, França MC, Gomes MV, Santos DF, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Saporta M, Hekimi S, Barrientos A, Weihl C, Shy ME, Marques W, Zuchner S. Biallelic variants in COQ7 cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy with upper motor neuron signs. Brain 2023; 146:4191-4199. [PMID: 37170631 PMCID: PMC10545612 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
COQ7 encodes a hydroxylase responsible for the penultimate step of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis in mitochondria. CoQ10 is essential for multiple cellular functions, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Mutations in COQ7 have been previously associated with primary CoQ10 deficiency, a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic mitochondrial disorder. We identified COQ7 biallelic variants in nine families diagnosed with distal hereditary motor neuropathy with upper neuron involvement, expending the clinical phenotype associated with defects in this gene. A recurrent p.Met1? change was identified in five families from Brazil with evidence of a founder effect. Fibroblasts isolated from patients revealed a substantial depletion of COQ7 protein levels, indicating protein instability leading to loss of enzyme function. High-performance liquid chromatography assay showed that fibroblasts from patients had reduced levels of CoQ10, and abnormal accumulation of the biosynthetic precursor DMQ10. Accordingly, fibroblasts from patients displayed significantly decreased oxygen consumption rates in patients, suggesting mitochondrial respiration deficiency. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from patient fibroblasts showed significantly increased levels of extracellular neurofilament light protein, indicating axonal degeneration. Our findings indicate a molecular pathway involving CoQ10 biosynthesis deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Further studies will be important to evaluate the potential benefits of CoQ10 supplementation in the clinical outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Rebelo
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pedro J Tomaselli
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Medina
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Eva Nyvltova
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark Garrett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Sean E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Ariel Ruiz
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jacobs
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shawna M E Feely
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Gomes
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo F Santos
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario Saporta
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Conrad Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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16
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Hsia CCW. Tissue Perfusion and Diffusion and Cellular Respiration: Transport and Utilization of Oxygen. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:594-611. [PMID: 37541315 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the journey of inspired oxygen after its uptake across the alveolar-capillary interface, and the interplay among tissue perfusion, diffusion, and cellular respiration in the transport and utilization of oxygen. The critical interactions between oxygen and its facilitative carriers (hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells), and with other respiratory and vasoactive molecules (carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide), are emphasized to illustrate how this versatile system dynamically optimizes regional convective transport and diffusive gas exchange. The rates of reciprocal gas exchange in the lung and the periphery must be well-matched and sufficient for meeting the range of energy demands from rest to maximal stress but not excessive as to become toxic. The mobile red blood cells play a vital role in matching tissue perfusion and gas exchange by dynamically regulating the controlled uptake of oxygen and communicating regional metabolic signals across different organs. Intracellular oxygen diffusion and facilitation via myoglobin into the mitochondria, and utilization via electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, are summarized. Physiological and pathophysiological adaptations are briefly described. Dysfunction of any component across this integrated system affects all other components and elicits corresponding structural and functional adaptation aimed at matching the capacities across the entire system and restoring equilibrium under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C W Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Soleimani Damaneh M, Fatahi S, Aryaeian N, Bavi Behbahani H. The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4912-4925. [PMID: 37701221 PMCID: PMC10494615 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 is a potent antioxidant and is necessary for energy production in mitochondria. Clinical data have suggested that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has some beneficial effects on liver function. However, these results are equivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the serum concentration of liver function enzymes. We searched the online databases using relevant keywords up to April 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of CoQ10, compared with a control group, on serum concentrations of liver enzymes were included. We found a significant reduction following supplementation with CoQ10 on serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) based on 15 effect sizes from 13 RCTs (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -5.33 IU/L; 95% CI: -10.63, -0.03; p = .04), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) based on 15 effect sizes from 13 RCTs (WMD = -4.91 IU/L; 95% CI: -9.35, -0.47; p = .03) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) based on eight effect sizes from six RCTs (WMD = -8.07 IU/L; 95% CI: -12.82, -3.32; p = .001; I 2 = 91.6%). However, we found no significant effects of CoQ10 supplementation on alkaline phosphatase concentration (WMD = 1.10 IU/L; 95% CI: -5.98, 8.18; p = .76). CoQ10 supplementation significantly improves circulating ALT, AST, and GGT levels; therefore, it might positively affect liver function. Further high-quality RCTs with more extended intervention periods and larger sample sizes are recommended to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's HealthShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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18
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Wongkittichote P, Duque Lasio ML, Magistrati M, Pathak S, Sample B, Carvalho DR, Ortega AB, Castro MAA, de Gusmao CM, Toler TL, Bellacchio E, Dallabona C, Shinawi M. Phenotypic, molecular, and functional characterization of COQ7-related primary CoQ 10 deficiency: Hypomorphic variants and two distinct disease entities. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 139:107630. [PMID: 37392700 PMCID: PMC10995746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is a group of inborn errors of metabolism caused by defects in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Biallelic pathogenic variants in COQ7, encoding mitochondrial 5-demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase, have been reported in nine patients from seven families. We identified five new patients with COQ7-related primary CoQ10 deficiency, performed clinical assessment of the patients, and studied the functional effects of current and previously reported COQ7 variants and potential treatment options. The main clinical features included a neonatal-onset presentation with severe neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and renal involvement and a late-onset disease presenting with progressive neuropathy, lower extremity weakness, abnormal gait, and variable developmental delay. Baker's yeast orthologue of COQ7, CAT5, is required for growth on oxidative carbon sources and cat5Δ strain demonstrates oxidative growth defect. Expression of wild-type CAT5 could completely rescue the defect; however, yeast CAT5 harboring equivalent human pathogenic variants could not. Interestingly, cat5Δ yeast harboring p.Arg57Gln (equivalent to human p.Arg54Gln), p.Arg112Trp (equivalent to p.Arg107Trp), p.Ile69Asn (equivalent to p.Ile66Asn) and combination of p.Lys108Met and p.Leu116Pro (equivalent to the complex allele p.[Thr103Met;Leu111Pro]) partially rescued the growth defects, indicating these variants are hypomorphic alleles. Supplementation with 2,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-diHB) rescued the growth defect of both the leaky and severe mutants. Overexpression of COQ8 and 2,4-diHB supplementation synergistically restored oxidative growth and respiratory defect. Overall, we define two distinct disease presentations of COQ7-related disorder with emerging genotype-phenotype correlation and validate the use of the yeast model for functional studies of COQ7 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Laura Duque Lasio
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sheel Pathak
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Daniel Rocha Carvalho
- SARAH Network Rehabilitation Hospitals, Genetic Unit, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Augusto Araújo Castro
- Mendelics Genomic Analyses, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Neurogenetics Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio M de Gusmao
- Mendelics Genomic Analyses, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Neurogenetics Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomi L Toler
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Chavira‐Hernández G, Piña‐Avilés CE, Zúñiga‐Ramírez C. Ataxia due to a COQ8A Novel Variant in Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:S41-S44. [PMID: 37636224 PMCID: PMC10448619 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Chavira‐Hernández
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases UnitHospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”GuadalajaraMexico
| | | | - Carlos Zúñiga‐Ramírez
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases UnitHospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”GuadalajaraMexico
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20
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Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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Steenberge LH, Sung AY, Fan J, Pagliarini DJ. Coenzyme Q 4 is a functional substitute for coenzyme Q 10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549963. [PMID: 37503166 PMCID: PMC10370177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) is an important cofactor and antioxidant for numerous cellular processes, and its deficiency has been linked to human disorders including mitochondrial disease, heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and hypertension. Unfortunately, treatment with exogenous oral CoQ 10 is often ineffective, likely due to the extreme hydrophobicity and high molecular weight of CoQ 10 . Here, we show that less hydrophobic CoQ species with shorter isoprenoid tails can serve as viable substitutes for CoQ 10 in human cells. We demonstrate that CoQ 4 can perform multiple functions of CoQ 10 in CoQ-deficient cells at markedly lower treatment concentrations, motivating further investigation of CoQ 4 as a supplement for CoQ 10 deficiencies. In addition, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an initial set of compounds designed to target CoQ 4 selectively to mitochondria using triphenylphosphonium (TPP). Our results indicate that select versions of these compounds can successfully be delivered to mitochondria in a cell model and be cleaved to produce CoQ 4 , laying the groundwork for further development.
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Hojabri M, Gilani A, Irilouzadian R, Nejad biglari H, Sarmadian R. Adolescence Onset Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency With Rare CoQ8A Gene Mutation: A Case Report and Review of Literature. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2023; 16:11795476231188061. [PMID: 37476682 PMCID: PMC10354825 DOI: 10.1177/11795476231188061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Primary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 deficiency-4 (CoQ10D4) is a heterogeneous disorder affecting different age groups. The main clinical manifestation consists of cerebellar ataxia, exercise intolerance, and dystonia. Case report We provide a case of adolescence-onset ataxia, head tremor, and proximal muscle weakness accompanied by psychiatric features and abnormal serum urea (49.4 mg/dL), lactate (7.5 mmol/L), and CoQ10 level (0.4 µg/mL). Brain-MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, and loss of white matter. Whole exome sequencing showed a homozygous missense mutation (c.911C>T; p.A304V) in CoQ8A gene which is a rare mutation and responsible variant of CoQ10D4. After supplementary treatment with CoQ10 50 mg/twice a day for 2 months the clinical symptoms improved. Conclusion These observations highlight the significance of the early diagnosis of potentially treatable CoQ8A mutation as well as patient education and follow-up. Our findings widen the spectrum of CoQ8A phenotypic features so that clinicians be familiar with the disease not only in severe childhood-onset ataxia but also in adolescence with accompanying psychiatric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hojabri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gilani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibe Nejad biglari
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roham Sarmadian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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23
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Amos A, Amos A, Wu L, Xia H. The Warburg effect modulates DHODH role in ferroptosis: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:100. [PMID: 37147673 PMCID: PMC10161480 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death that suppresses tumor growth. It is activated by extensive peroxidation of membrane phospholipids caused by oxidative stress. GPX4, an antioxidant enzyme, reduces these peroxidized membrane phospholipids thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. This enzyme has two distinct subcellular localization; the cytosol and mitochondria. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) complements mitochondrial GPX4 in reducing peroxidized membrane phospholipids. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Its role in ferroptosis inhibition suggests that DHODH inhibitors could have two complementary mechanisms of action against tumors; inhibiting de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and enhancing ferroptosis. However, the link between mitochondrial function and ferroptosis, and the involvement of DHODH in the ETC suggests that its role in ferroptosis could be modulated by the Warburg effect. Therefore, we reviewed relevant literature to get an insight into the possible effect of this metabolic reprogramming on the role of DHODH in ferroptosis. Furthermore, an emerging link between DHODH and cellular GSH pool has also been highlighted. These insights could contribute to the rational design of ferroptosis-based anticancer drugs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvan Amos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, PMB 2339 Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Alex Amos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lirong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - He Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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24
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Monfrini E, Pesini A, Biella F, Sobreira CFR, Emmanuele V, Brescia G, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Hirano M, Comi GP, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Fibroblasts Derived From Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia Referred to Investigate CoQ10 Deficiency. NEUROLOGY GENETICS 2023; 9:e200058. [PMID: 37090936 PMCID: PMC10117701 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10)–deficient cerebellar ataxia can be due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding for CoQ10biosynthetic proteins or associated with defects in protein unrelated to its biosynthesis. Diagnosis is crucial because patients may respond favorably to CoQ10supplementation. The aim of this study was to identify through whole-exome sequencing (WES) the pathogenic variants, and assess CoQ10levels, in fibroblasts from patients with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia referred to investigate CoQ10deficiency.MethodsWES was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 16 patients. Sequencing data were filtered using a virtual panel of genes associated with CoQ10deficiency and/or cerebellar ataxia. CoQ10levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 14 patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsA definite genetic etiology was identified in 8 samples of 16 (diagnostic yield = 50%). The identified genetic causes were pathogenic variants of the genesCOQ8A(ADCK3) (n = 3 samples),ATP1A3(n = 2),PLA2G6(n = 1),SPG7(n = 1), andMFSD8(n = 1). Five novel mutations were found (COQ8An = 3,PLA2G6n = 1, andMFSD8n = 1). CoQ10levels were significantly decreased in 3/14 fibroblast samples (21.4%), 1 carrying compound heterozygousCOQ8Apathogenic variants, 1 harboring a homozygous pathogenicSPG7variant, and 1 with an unknown molecular defect.DiscussionThis work confirms the importance ofCOQ8Agene mutations as a frequent genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia and CoQ10deficiency and suggestsSPG7mutations as a novel cause of secondary CoQ10deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Pesini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Biella
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia F R Sobreira
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Lopez
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina Maria Quinzii
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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25
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Garcia-Becerra C, Rojas A, Höcht C, Bernabeu E, Chiappetta D, Tevez S, Lucangioli S, Flor S, Tripodi V. Characterization and bioavailability of a novel coenzyme Q 10 nanoemulsion used as an infant formula supplement. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122656. [PMID: 36716829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in patients with its deficiency, has greater odds of success if the treatment is carried out early with an appropriate formulation. For neonatal CoQ10 deficiency, infant formula supplementation could be an attractive option. However, solid CoQ10 cannot be solubilized or dispersed in milk matrix leading to an inefficient CoQ10 dosage and poor intestinal absorption. We developed and characterized a high-dose CoQ10 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion suitable to supplement infant formula without modifying its organoleptic characteristics. CoQ10 powder and soy lecithin were solubilized in an oil phase consisted of Labrasol® and LabrafacTM. The aqueous phase was Tween 80, TPGS, methylparaben and propylparaben. O/W nanoemulsion was prepared by adding dropwise the oil phase to the aqueous phase under stirring to a final concentration of CoQ10 9.5 % w/w followed by ultrasonic homogenization. Pharmacotechnical parameters were determined. This formulation resulted to be easily to be dispersed in milk matrix, stable for at least 90 days, with no cytotoxicity in in vitro assays, and higher bioavailability than CoQ10 powder. CoQ10 nanoemulsion supplementation in the infant formula facilitates the individualized administration for the child with accurate dosage, overcome swallowing difficulties and in turn could increase the treatment adherence and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Garcia-Becerra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Rojas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Bernabeu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Chiappetta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sergio Tevez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; PROANALISIS S.A., Av. San Martín 2355, B1661HVJ Bella Vista, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucangioli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sabrina Flor
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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26
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Huerta-Madroñal M, Espinosa-Cano E, Aguilar MR, Vazquez-Lasa B. Antiaging properties of antioxidant photoprotective polymeric nanoparticles loaded with coenzyme-Q10. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213247. [PMID: 36527961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most extensive organ within our body. It is continually subjected to stress factors, among which ultraviolet irradiation, a key factor responsible in skin aging since it leads to reactive oxygen species production. In order to fight against these oxidative species, the human body has an innate robust antioxidant mechanism composed of several different substances, one of which is coenzyme Q10. Its capacity to increase cellular energy production and excellent antioxidant properties have been proved, as well as its antiaging properties being able to attenuate cellular damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts. However, its high hydrophobicity and photolability hampers its therapeutic potential. In this context, the objective of this work consists of the preparation of chitosan-rosmarinic acid conjugate-based nanoparticles to encapsulate coenzyme Q10 with high encapsulation efficiencies in order to improve its bioavailability and broaden its therapeutic use in skin applications. Hyaluronic acid coating was performed giving stable nanoparticles at physiological pH with 382 ± 3 nm of hydrodynamic diameter (0.04 ± 0.02 polydispersity) and - 18 ± 3 mV of surface charge. Release kinetics studies showed a maximum of 82 % mass release of coenzyme Q10 after 40 min, and radical scavenger activity assay confirmed the antioxidant character of chitosan-rosmarinic acid nanoparticles. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan-rosmarinic acid nanoparticles loaded with coenzyme Q10 were biocompatible in human dermal fibroblasts and exhibited interesting photoprotective properties in ultraviolet irradiated cells. In addition, nanoparticles hindered the production of reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6 and metalloproteinase-1, as well as caspase-9 activation maintaining high viability values upon irradiation of dermal fibroblasts. Overall results envision a great potential of these nanovehicles for application in skin disorders or antiaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Huerta-Madroñal
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Espinosa-Cano
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Rosa Aguilar
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca Vazquez-Lasa
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Watanabe C, Osaka H, Watanabe M, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Tokuyama T, Uosaki H, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Onuki T, Ebihara T, Aizawa K, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Yamagata T. Total and reduced/oxidized forms of coenzyme Q 10 in fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100951. [PMID: 36632326 PMCID: PMC9826971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in ATP production through electron transfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. CoQ10 receives electrons from respiratory chain complex I and II to become the reduced form, and then transfers electrons at complex III to become the oxidized form. The redox state of CoQ10 has been reported to be a marker of the mitochondrial metabolic state, but to our knowledge, no reports have focused on the individual quantification of reduced and oxidized CoQ10 or the ratio of reduced to total CoQ10 (reduced/total CoQ10) in patients with mitochondrial diseases. We measured reduced and oxidized CoQ10 in skin fibroblasts from 24 mitochondrial disease patients, including 5 primary CoQ10 deficiency patients and 10 respiratory chain complex deficiency patients, and determined the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio. In primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels were significantly decreased, however, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio was not changed. On the other hand, in mitochondrial disease patients other than primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels did not decrease. However, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio in patients with respiratory chain complex IV and V deficiency was higher in comparison to those with respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Measurement of CoQ10 in fibroblasts proved useful for the diagnosis of primary CoQ10 deficiency. In addition, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio may reflect the metabolic status of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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28
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Rius R, Bennett NK, Bhattacharya K, Riley LG, Yüksel Z, Formosa LE, Compton AG, Dale RC, Cowley MJ, Gayevskiy V, Al Tala SM, Almehery AA, Ryan MT, Thorburn DR, Nakamura K, Christodoulou J. Biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 are associated with an infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1970-1978. [PMID: 36030551 PMCID: PMC9771894 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders resulting from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects. COX11 encodes a copper chaperone that participates in the assembly of complex IV and has not been previously linked to human disease. In a previous study, we identified that COX11 knockdown decreased cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) derived from respiration, and that ATP levels could be restored with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) supplementation. This finding is surprising since COX11 has no known role in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Here, we report a novel gene-disease association by identifying biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 associated with infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies in two unrelated families using trio genome and exome sequencing. Functional studies showed that mutant COX11 fibroblasts had decreased ATP levels which could be rescued by CoQ10 . These results not only suggest that COX11 variants cause defects in energy production but reveal a potential metabolic therapeutic strategy for patients with COX11 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Rius
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lisa G. Riley
- Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Rare Diseases Functional GenomicsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Zafer Yüksel
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - Luke E. Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical school, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark J. Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute & School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Saeed M. Al Tala
- Pediatric DirectorateNeonatal NICU, Armed Forces Hospital SRKhamis MushaytSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences and NeuroscienceUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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29
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Alvi NH, Turkstani BA, Ashi AS, Alzahrani AM, Tawffeq AM. COQ8B-Related Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e31922. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Wang S, Jain A, Novales NA, Nashner AN, Tran F, Clarke CF. Predicting and Understanding the Pathology of Single Nucleotide Variants in Human COQ Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122308. [PMID: 36552517 PMCID: PMC9774615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipid that functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and as a membrane-soluble antioxidant. Deficiencies in CoQ lead to metabolic diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations. There are currently few treatments that can slow or stop disease progression. Primary CoQ10 deficiency can arise from mutations in any of the COQ genes responsible for CoQ biosynthesis. While many mutations in these genes have been identified, the clinical significance of most of them remains unclear. Here we analyzed the structural and functional impact of 429 human missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that give rise to amino acid substitutions in the conserved and functional regions of human genes encoding a high molecular weight complex known as the CoQ synthome (or Complex Q), consisting of the COQ3-COQ7 and COQ9 gene products. Using structures of COQ polypeptides, close homologs, and AlphaFold models, we identified 115 SNVs that are potentially pathogenic. Further biochemical characterizations in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required to validate the pathogenicity of the identified SNVs. Collectively, our results will provide a resource for clinicians during patient diagnosis and guide therapeutic efforts toward combating primary CoQ10 deficiency.
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31
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Jurkute N, Cancellieri F, Pohl L, Li CHZ, Heaton RA, Reurink J, Bellingham J, Quinodoz M, Yioti G, Stefaniotou M, Weener M, Zuleger T, Haack TB, Stingl K, Hoyng CB, Mahroo OA, Hargreaves I, Raymond FL, Michaelides M, Rivolta C, Kohl S, Roosing S, Webster AR, Arno G. Biallelic variants in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway genes cause a retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:60. [PMID: 36266294 PMCID: PMC9581764 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis pathway defects in inherited retinal dystrophy. Individuals affected by inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) underwent exome or genome sequencing for molecular diagnosis of their condition. Following negative IRD gene panel analysis, patients carrying biallelic variants in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway genes were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical records. Haplotypes harbouring the same missense variant were characterised from family genome sequencing (GS) data and direct Sanger sequencing. Candidate splice variants were characterised using Oxford Nanopore Technologies single molecule sequencing. The CoQ10 status of the human plasma was determined in some of the study patients. 13 individuals from 12 unrelated families harboured candidate pathogenic genotypes in the genes: PDSS1, COQ2, COQ4 and COQ5. The PDSS1 variant c.589 A > G was identified in three affected individuals from three unrelated families on a possible ancestral haplotype. Three variants (PDSS1 c.468-25 A > G, PDSS1 c.722-2 A > G, COQ5 c.682-7 T > G) were shown to lead to cryptic splicing. 6 affected individuals were diagnosed with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and 7 had additional clinical findings. This study provides evidence of CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway gene defects leading to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in some cases. Intronic variants outside of the canonical splice-sites represent an important cause of disease. RT-PCR nanopore sequencing is effective in characterising these splice defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurkute
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Francesca Cancellieri
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pohl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catherina H Z Li
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janine Reurink
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Bellingham
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Georgia Yioti
- University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Theresia Zuleger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. .,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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32
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Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Semenova Y, Peana M, Chirumbolo S, Hangan T. Combined Supplementation of Coenzyme Q 10 and Other Nutrients in Specific Medical Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:4383. [PMID: 36297067 PMCID: PMC9609170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a compound with a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant protection. Despite the ubiquitous endogenous biosynthesis, specific medical conditions are associated with low circulating CoQ10 levels. However, previous studies of oral CoQ10 supplementation yielded inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we reviewed previous CoQ10 trials, either single or in combination with other nutrients, and stratified the study participants according to their metabolic statuses and medical conditions. The CoQ10 supplementation trials in elders reported many favorable outcomes. However, the single intervention was less promising when the host metabolic statuses were worsening with the likelihood of multiple nutrient insufficiencies, as in patients with an established diagnosis of metabolic or immune-related disorders. On the contrary, the mixed CoQ10 supplementation with other interacting nutrients created more promising impacts in hosts with compromised nutrient reserves. Furthermore, the results of either single or combined intervention will be less promising in far-advanced conditions with established damage, such as neurodegenerative disorders or cancers. With the limited high-level evidence studies on each host metabolic category, we could only conclude that the considerations of whether to take supplementation varied by the individuals' metabolic status and their nutrient reserves. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Department of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, HP Medical Center, Bangkok 10540, Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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33
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Gherardi G, Corbioli G, Ruzza F, Rizzuto R. CoQ 10 and Resveratrol Effects to Ameliorate Aged-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunctions. Nutrients 2022; 14:4326. [PMID: 36297010 PMCID: PMC9611139 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Firstly, mitochondria regulate energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, they are involved in cell fate decisions by activating the apoptotic intrinsic pathway. Finally, they work as intracellular signaling hubs as a result of their tight regulation of ion and metabolite concentrations and other critical signaling molecules such as ROS. Aging is a multifactorial process triggered by impairments in different cellular components. Among the various molecular pathways involved, mitochondria are key regulators of longevity. Indeed, mitochondrial deterioration is a critical signature of the aging process. In this scenario, we will focus specifically on the age-related decrease in CoQ levels, an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC) and an antioxidant, and how CoQ supplementation could benefit the aging process. Generally, any treatment that improves and sustains mitochondrial functionality is a good candidate to counteract age-related mitochondrial dysfunctions. In recent years, heightened attention has been given to natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function. One of the most famous is resveratrol due to its ability to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and work as an antioxidant agent. This review will discuss recent clinical trials and meta-analyses based on resveratrol and CoQ supplementation, focusing on how these compounds could improve mitochondrial functionality during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corbioli
- Solgar Italia Multinutrient Spa, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ruzza
- Solgar Italia Multinutrient Spa, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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34
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Laugwitz L, Seibt A, Herebian D, Peralta S, Kienzle I, Buchert R, Falb R, Gauck D, Müller A, Grimmel M, Beck-Woedel S, Kern J, Daliri K, Katibeh P, Danhauser K, Leiz S, Alesi V, Baertling F, Vasco G, Steinfeld R, Wagner M, Caglayan AO, Gumus H, Burmeister M, Mayatepek E, Martinelli D, Tamhankar PM, Tamhankar V, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Bonnen PE, Froukh T, Groeschel S, Krägeloh-Mann I, Haack TB, Distelmaier F. Human COQ4 deficiency: delineating the clinical, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes. J Med Genet 2022; 59:878-887. [PMID: 34656997 PMCID: PMC9807242 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human coenzyme Q4 (COQ4) is essential for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis. Pathogenic variants in COQ4 cause childhood-onset neurodegeneration. We aimed to delineate the clinical spectrum and the cellular consequences of COQ4 deficiency. METHODS Clinical course and neuroradiological findings in a large cohort of paediatric patients with COQ4 deficiency were analysed. Functional studies in patient-derived cell lines were performed. RESULTS We characterised 44 individuals from 36 families with COQ4 deficiency (16 newly described). A total of 23 different variants were identified, including four novel variants in COQ4. Correlation analyses of clinical and neuroimaging findings revealed three disease patterns: type 1: early-onset phenotype with neonatal brain anomalies and epileptic encephalopathy; type 2: intermediate phenotype with distinct stroke-like lesions; and type 3: moderate phenotype with non-specific brain pathology and a stable disease course. The functional relevance of COQ4 variants was supported by in vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblast lines. Experiments revealed significantly decreased COQ4 protein levels, reduced levels of cellular CoQ10 and elevated levels of the metabolic intermediate 6-demethoxyubiquinone. CONCLUSION Our study describes the heterogeneous clinical presentation of COQ4 deficiency and identifies phenotypic subtypes. Cell-based studies support the pathogenic characteristics of COQ4 variants. Due to the insufficient clinical response to oral CoQ10 supplementation, alternative treatment strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susana Peralta
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Imke Kienzle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Falb
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Darja Gauck
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amelie Müller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Grimmel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Woedel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Kern
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karim Daliri
- Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pegah Katibeh
- Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katharina Danhauser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gumus
- Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pascal Joset
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Penelope E Bonnen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Center for Rare Disease, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kuriyama N, Nakamura T, Nakazawa H, Wen T, Berra L, Bittner EA, Goverman J, Kaneki M. Bioavailability of Reduced Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol-10) in Burn Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070613. [PMID: 35888737 PMCID: PMC9321044 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction in major trauma, including burn injury. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a metabolite of the mevalonate pathway and an essential cofactor for the electron transport in the mitochondria. In addition, its reduced form (ubiquinol) functions as an antioxidant. Little is known as to whether oral CoQ10 supplementation effectively increases intracellular CoQ10 levels in humans. To study the bioavailability of CoQ10 supplementation, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of reduced CoQ10 (ubiquinol-10) (1800 mg/day, t.i.d.) in burn patients at a single, tertiary-care hospital. Baseline plasma CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in burn patients than in healthy volunteers, although plasma CoQ10/cholesterol ratio did not differ between the groups. CoQ10 supplementation increased plasma concentrations of total and reduced CoQ10 and total CoQ10 content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in burn patients compared with the placebo group. CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly change circulating levels of mitochondrial DNA, inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukins, TNF-α, IFN-γ), or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores compared with the placebo group. This study showed that a relatively high dose of reduced CoQ10 supplementation increased the intracellular CoQ10 content in PBMCs as well as plasma concentrations in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom Steet, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom Steet, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom Steet, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tyler Wen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Edward A. Bittner
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Jeremy Goverman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (N.K.); (T.N.); (H.N.); (T.W.); (L.B.); (E.A.B.)
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom Steet, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-726-8122; Fax: 617-726-8134
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A novel COQ7 mutation causing primarily neuromuscular pathology and its treatment options. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100877. [PMID: 35782625 PMCID: PMC9248208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is necessary as electron transporter in mitochondrial respiration and other cellular functions. CoQ10 is synthesized by all cells and defects in the synthesis pathway result in primary CoQ10 deficiency that frequently leads to severe mitochondrial disease syndrome. CoQ10 is exceedingly hydrophobic, insoluble, and poorly bioavailable, with the result that dietary CoQ10 supplementation produces no or only minimal relief for patients. We studied a patient from Turkey and identified and characterized a new mutation in the CoQ10 biosynthetic gene COQ7 (c.161G > A; p.Arg54Gln). We find that unexpected neuromuscular pathology can accompany CoQ10 deficiency caused by a COQ7 mutation. We also show that by-passing the need for COQ7 by providing the unnatural precursor 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, as has been proposed, is unlikely to be an effective and safe therapeutic option. In contrast, we show for the first time in human patient cells that the respiratory defect resulting from CoQ10 deficiency is rescued by providing CoQ10 formulated with caspofungin (CF/CoQ). Caspofungin is a clinically approved intravenous fungicide whose surfactant properties lead to CoQ10 micellization, complete water solubilization, and efficient uptake by cells and organs in animal studies. These findings reinforce the possibility of using CF/CoQ in the clinical treatment of CoQ10-deficient patients.
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Liu X, Du H, Sun Y, Shao L. Role of abnormal energy metabolism in the progression of chronic kidney disease and drug intervention. Ren Fail 2022; 44:790-805. [PMID: 35535500 PMCID: PMC9103584 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2072743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe clinical syndrome with significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Orderly energy metabolism is essential for normal kidney function and energy metabolism disorders are increasingly recognized as an important player in CKD. Energy metabolism disorders are characterized by ATP deficits and reactive oxygen species increase. Oxygen and mitochondria are essential for ATP production, hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction both affect the energy production process. Renin-angiotensin and adenine signaling pathway also play important regulatory roles in energy metabolism. In addition, disturbance of energy metabolism is a key factor in the development of hereditary nephropathy such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Currently, drugs with clinically clear renal function protection, such as Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers and fenofibrate, have been proven to improve energy metabolism disorders. The sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors 2 that can mediate glucose metabolism disorders not only delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy, but also have significant protective effects in non-diabetic nephropathy. Hypoxia-inducible factor enhances ATP production to the kidney by improving renal oxygen supply and increasing glycolysis, and the mitochondria targeted peptides (SS-31) plays a protective role by stabilizing the mitochondrial inner membrane. Moreover, several drugs are being studied and are predicted to have potential renal protective properties. We propose that the regulation of energy metabolism represents a promising strategy to delay the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huasheng Du
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leping Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Wang Y, Chi H, Xu F, He Z, Li Z, Wu F, Li Y, Zhang G, Peng X, Yu S, Yang J, Zhang W, Yang X. Cadmium chloride-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells via interfering with mitochondrial respiratory chain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113494. [PMID: 35413622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium could induce cell apoptosis, probably related to the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The human renal proximal tubule (HK-2) was used to explore the mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction during apoptosis induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Cell viability was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and different concentrations of 60, 80 and 100 μM were selected to evaluate the mitochondrial toxicity of CdCl2 respectively. Under the CdCl2 treatment for 24 h, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HK-2 cells increased and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was inhibited at the above three concentrations separately. Both ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly at 100 μM concentration. The levels of procaspase-3 and Bcl-2 had fallen in a concentration-dependent manner and Bax was significantly increased at 60, 80 and 100 μM concentration compared with no CdCl2 treatment respectively, which activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could partially resist CdCl2-induced cell apoptosis, while myxothiazol (Myx) promoted the process. Mitochondria relative alterations manifested as inhibition of complex III and V. In addition, both the quantity of mitochondrial coenzyme Q-binding protein CoQ10 homolog B (CoQ10B) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) had decreased significantly. Taken together, CdCl2 induced HK-2 apoptosis due to the mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction by reducing the CoQ10B level, offering a novel evaluating indicator for the environmental toxicity of CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Huiqin Chi
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Zhini He
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Susu Yu
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of public health and preventive medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
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Biallelic variants in TAMM41 are associated with low muscle cardiolipin levels, leading to neonatal mitochondrial disease. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100097. [PMID: 35321494 PMCID: PMC8935507 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with variants in mitochondrial or nuclear genes leading to varied clinical phenotypes. TAMM41 encodes a mitochondrial protein with cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol synthase activity: an essential early step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is a mitochondria-specific phospholipid that is important for many mitochondrial processes. We report three unrelated individuals with mitochondrial disease that share clinical features, including lethargy at birth, hypotonia, developmental delay, myopathy, and ptosis. Whole exome and genome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in TAMM41 in each proband. Western blot analysis in fibroblasts showed a mild oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defect in only one of the three affected individuals. In skeletal muscle samples, however, there was severe loss of subunits of complexes I–IV and a decrease in fully assembled OXPHOS complexes I–V in two subjects as well as decreased TAMM41 protein levels. Similar to the tissue-specific observations on OXPHOS, cardiolipin levels were unchanged in subject fibroblasts but significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of affected individuals. To assess the functional impact of the TAMM41 missense variants, the equivalent mutations were modeled in yeast. All three mutants failed to rescue the growth defect of the Δtam41 strains on non-fermentable (respiratory) medium compared with wild-type TAM41, confirming the pathogenicity of the variants. We establish that TAMM41 is an additional gene involved in mitochondrial phospholipid biosynthesis and modification and that its deficiency results in a mitochondrial disorder, though unlike families with pathogenic AGK (Sengers syndrome) and TAFAZZIN (Barth syndrome) variants, there was no evidence of cardiomyopathy.
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40
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Technical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10 Analysis: Validation of a New HPLC-ED Method. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030528. [PMID: 35326178 PMCID: PMC8944485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical measurement of the CoQ status in different tissues can be performed using HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED). Because the production of the electrochemical cells used with the Coulochem series detectors was discontinued, we aimed to standardize a new HPLC-ED method with new equipment. We report all technical aspects, troubleshooting and its performance in different biological samples, including plasma, skeletal muscle homogenates, urine and cultured skin fibroblasts. Analytical variables (intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity, analytical measurement range, limit of quantification, limit of detection and accuracy) were validated in calibrators and plasma samples and displayed adequate results. The comparison of the results of a new ERNDIM external quality control (EQC) scheme for the plasma CoQ determination between HPLC-ED (Lab 1) and LC-MS/MS (Lab 2) methods shows that the results of the latter were slightly higher in most cases, although a good consistency was generally observed. In conclusion, the new method reported here showed a good analytical performance. The global quality of the EQC scheme results among different participants can be improved with the contribution of more laboratories.
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Xie J, Jiang J, Guo Q. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 and Pathogenic COQ4 Variants: Clinical Presentation, Biochemical Analyses, and Treatment. Front Genet 2022; 12:776807. [PMID: 35154243 PMCID: PMC8826242 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.776807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 (COQ10D7) is a rare mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic COQ4 variants. In this review, we discuss the correlation of COQ4 genotypes, particularly the East Asian-specific c.370G > A variant, with the clinical presentations and therapeutic effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation from an exon-dependent perspective. Pathogenic COQ4 variants in exons 1–4 are associated with less life-threating presentations, late onset, responsiveness to CoQ10 therapy, and a relatively long lifespan. In contrast, pathogenic COQ4 variants in exons 5–7 are associated with early onset, unresponsiveness to CoQ10 therapy, and early death and are more fatal. Patients with the East Asian-specific c.370G > A variant displays intermediate disease severity with multi-systemic dysfunction, which is between that of the patients with variants in exons 1–4 and 5–7. The mechanism underlying this exon-dependent genotype-phenotype correlation may be associated with the structure and function of COQ4. Sex is shown unlikely to be associated with disease severity. While point-of-care high-throughput sequencing would be useful for the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic COQ4 variants, whereas biochemical analyses of the characteristic impairments in CoQ10 biosynthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, as well as the phenotypic rescue of the CoQ10 treatment, are necessary to confirm the pathogenicity of suspicious variants. In addition to CoQ10 derivatives, targeted drugs and gene therapy could be useful treatments for COQ10D7 depending on the in-depth functional investigations and the development of gene editing technologies. This review provides a fundamental reference for the sub-classification of COQ10D7 and aim to advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and prognosis of this disease and possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xie
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayang Jiang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Guo
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:141-161. [PMID: 34621061 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is central to cellular metabolism. It comprises five enzymatic complexes and two mobile electron carriers that work in a mitochondrial respiratory chain. By coupling the oxidation of reducing equivalents coming into mitochondria to the generation and subsequent dissipation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this electron transport chain drives the production of ATP, which is then used as a primary energy carrier in virtually all cellular processes. Minimal perturbations of the respiratory chain activity are linked to diseases; therefore, it is necessary to understand how these complexes are assembled and regulated and how they function. In this Review, we outline the latest assembly models for each individual complex, and we also highlight the recent discoveries indicating that the formation of larger assemblies, known as respiratory supercomplexes, originates from the association of the intermediates of individual complexes. We then discuss how recent cryo-electron microscopy structures have been key to answering open questions on the function of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration and how supercomplexes and other factors, including metabolites, can regulate the activity of the single complexes. When relevant, we discuss how these mechanisms contribute to physiology and outline their deregulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Sena Ozbay H, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S, Baysal I, Gultekinoglu M, Can Eylem C, Ulubayram K, Nemutlu E, Topaloglu R, Ozaltin F. Mitochondria-Targeted CoQ10 Loaded PLGA-b-PEG-TPP Nanoparticles: Their Effects on Mitochondrial Functions of COQ8B HK-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang N, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Tian X, Fang Y, Qi M, Du J, Chen S, Chen S, Li J, Shen B, Wang L. A Family Segregating Lethal Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency Due to Two Novel COQ6 Variants. Front Genet 2022; 12:811833. [PMID: 35111204 PMCID: PMC8802230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.811833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6), as a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by COQ6 mutations, is characterized by progressive infantile-onset nephrotic syndrome resulting in end-stage renal failure and sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we report two Chinese siblings with COQ10D6 who primarily presented with severe metabolic acidosis, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, growth retardation, and muscle hypotonia and died in early infancy. Using whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified two rare recessive nonsense mutations in the COQ6 gene segregating with disease in affected family members: c.249C > G (p.Tyr83Ter) and c.1381C > T (p.Gln461Ter), resulting in two truncated protein products. Both mutations are located in a highly conserved area and are predicted to be pathogenic. Indeed, the death of our patients in early infancy indicates the pathogenicity of the p.Tyr83Ter and p.Gln461Ter variants and highlights the significance of the two variants for COQ6 enzyme function, which is necessary for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10. In conclusion, we discovered a novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variant of the COQ6 gene as a cause of severe COQ10D6 in the two siblings. Based on the clinical history and genetic characteristics of the patients, our cases expand the genotypic spectrum of COQ10D6 and highlight the heterogeneity and severity of clinical features associated with COQ6 mutations. For patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of COQ10D6, early testing for COQ6 mutations is beneficial for disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions as well as disease prevention in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Youmin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xiong Tian
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yicheng Fang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Juping Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Lizhen Wang,
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Lizhen Wang,
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Rauchová H. Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurological diseases. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic substituted benzoquinone, is present in animal and plant cells. It is endogenously synthetized in every cell and involved in a variety of cellular processes. CoQ10 is an obligatory component of the respiratory chain in inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, the presence of CoQ10 in all cellular membranes and in blood. It is the only endogenous lipid antioxidant. Moreover, it is an essential factor for uncoupling protein and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. It also participates in extramitochondrial electron transport and controls membrane physicochemical properties. CoQ10 effects on gene expression might affect the overall metabolism. Primary changes in the energetic and antioxidant functions can explain its remedial effects. CoQ10 supplementation is safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses. CoQ10 does not cause any serious adverse effects in humans or experimental animals. New preparations of CoQ10 that are less hydrophobic and structural derivatives, like idebenone and MitoQ, are being developed to increase absorption and tissue distribution. The review aims to summarize clinical and experimental effects of CoQ10 supplementations in some neurological diseases such as migraine, Parkinson´s disease, Huntington´s disease, Alzheimer´s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich´s ataxia or multiple sclerosis. Cardiovascular hypertension was included because of its central mechanisms controlling blood pressure in the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to recommend CoQ10 as adjunct to conventional therapy in some cases. However, sometimes CoQ10 supplementations are more efficient in animal models of diseases than in human patients (e.g. Parkinson´s disease) or rather vague (e.g. Friedreich´s ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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Yu TJ, Liu YY, Li XG, Lian B, Lu XX, Jin X, Shao ZM, Hu X, Di GH, Jiang YZ. PDSS1-Mediated Activation of CAMK2A-STAT3 Signaling Promotes Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5491-5505. [PMID: 34408002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic alterations are crucial for the development and progression of human cancers. Copy-number gains found in genes encoding metabolic enzymes may induce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) adaptation. However, little is known about how metabolic enzymes regulate TNBC metastasis. Using our previously constructed multiomic profiling of a TNBC cohort, we identified decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1 (PDSS1) as an essential gene for TNBC metastasis. PDSS1 expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and was positively associated with poor survival among patients with TNBC. PDSS1 knockdown inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, PDSS1, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, positively regulated the cellular level of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and intracellular calcium levels, thereby inducing CAMK2A phosphorylation, which is essential for STAT3 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated STAT3 entered the nucleus, promoting oncogenic STAT3 signaling and TNBC metastasis. STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors (e.g., Stattic) effectively blocked PDSS1-induced cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of targeting the previously uncharacterized PDSS1/CAMK2A/STAT3 oncogenic signaling axis, expanding the repertoire of precision medicine in TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel metabolic gene PDSS1 is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and contributes to metastasis, serving as a potential therapeutic target for combating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jian Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bi Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Xi Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Hong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Primary coenzyme Q10 nephropathy, a potentially treatable form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3515-3527. [PMID: 33479824 PMCID: PMC8295399 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a genetically heterogeneous kidney disease that is the second most frequent cause of kidney failure in the first 2 decades of life. Despite the identification of mutations in more than 39 genes as causing SRNS, and the localization of its pathogenesis to glomerular podocytes, the disease mechanisms of SRNS remain poorly understood and no universally safe and effective therapy exists to treat patients with this condition. Recently, genetic research has identified a subgroup of SRNS patients whose kidney pathology is caused by primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency due to recessive mutations in genes that encode proteins in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. Clinical and preclinical studies show that primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with CoQ10 supplements bypassing the biosynthesis defects. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it transports electrons from complexes I and II to complex III. Studies in yeast and mammalian model systems have recently identified the molecular functions of the individual CoQ10 biosynthesis complex proteins, validated these findings, and provided an impetus for developing therapeutic compounds to replenish CoQ10 levels in the tissues/organs and thus prevent the destruction of tissues due to mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiencies. In this review, we will summarize the clinical findings of the kidney pathophysiology of primary CoQ10 deficiencies and discuss recent advances in the development of therapies to counter CoQ10 deficiency in tissues.
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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Minimal mitochondrial respiration is required to prevent cell death by inhibition of mTOR signaling in CoQ-deficient cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:201. [PMID: 34349107 PMCID: PMC8338951 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid-like mobile electron transporter of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Patients with partial loss-of-function mutations in the CoQ biosynthesis pathway suffer from partial primary CoQ deficiency (MIM 607426). This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which presents like mitochondrial disease syndrome (MDS). In addition, many other conditions, including MDS itself, lead to secondary CoQ deficiency. We sought to identify drugs that can alleviate the consequences of the mitochondrial dysfunction that is associated with CoQ deficiency. Loss of the CoQ-biosynthetic enzyme COQ7 prevents CoQ synthesis but leads to the accumulation of the biosynthetic intermediate demethoxyubiquinone (DMQ). Coq7-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) die when rapid ATP generation from glycolysis is prevented. We screened for drugs that could rescue cell death under these conditions. All compounds that were identified inhibit mTOR signaling. In the CoQ-deficient cells, the beneficial action mTOR inhibition appears to be mediated by inhibition of protein translation rather than by stimulation of autophagy. We further studied the Coq7-knockout cells to better determine under which conditions mTOR inhibition could be beneficial. We established that Coq7-knockout cells remain capable of a low level of mitochondrial respiration mediated by DMQ. To obtain more profound mitochondrial dysfunction, we created double-knockout mutant MEFs lacking both Coq7, as well as Pdss2, which is required for sidechain synthesis. These cells make neither CoQ nor DMQ, and their extremely small residual respiration depends on uptake of CoQ from the culture medium. Although these cells are healthy in the presence of sufficient glucose for glycolysis and do not require uridine or pyruvate supplementation, mTOR inhibitors were unable to prevent their death in the absence of sufficient glycolysis. We conclude that, for reasons that remain to be elucidated, the energy-sparing benefits of the inhibition of mTOR signaling require a minimally functional respiratory chain.
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