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Monfrini E, Pesini A, Biella F, Sobreira CFR, Emmanuele V, Brescia G, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Hirano M, Comi GP, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Fibroblasts Derived From Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia Referred to Investigate CoQ10 Deficiency. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200058. [PMID: 37090936 PMCID: PMC10117701 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10)–deficient cerebellar ataxia can be due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding for CoQ10biosynthetic proteins or associated with defects in protein unrelated to its biosynthesis. Diagnosis is crucial because patients may respond favorably to CoQ10supplementation. The aim of this study was to identify through whole-exome sequencing (WES) the pathogenic variants, and assess CoQ10levels, in fibroblasts from patients with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia referred to investigate CoQ10deficiency.MethodsWES was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 16 patients. Sequencing data were filtered using a virtual panel of genes associated with CoQ10deficiency and/or cerebellar ataxia. CoQ10levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 14 patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsA definite genetic etiology was identified in 8 samples of 16 (diagnostic yield = 50%). The identified genetic causes were pathogenic variants of the genesCOQ8A(ADCK3) (n = 3 samples),ATP1A3(n = 2),PLA2G6(n = 1),SPG7(n = 1), andMFSD8(n = 1). Five novel mutations were found (COQ8An = 3,PLA2G6n = 1, andMFSD8n = 1). CoQ10levels were significantly decreased in 3/14 fibroblast samples (21.4%), 1 carrying compound heterozygousCOQ8Apathogenic variants, 1 harboring a homozygous pathogenicSPG7variant, and 1 with an unknown molecular defect.DiscussionThis work confirms the importance ofCOQ8Agene mutations as a frequent genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia and CoQ10deficiency and suggestsSPG7mutations as a novel cause of secondary CoQ10deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Pesini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Biella
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia F R Sobreira
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Lopez
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina Maria Quinzii
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Lopez-Gomez C, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Lee EJ, Kleiner G, Tadesse S, Xie J, Akman HO, Gao G, Hirano M. Synergistic Deoxynucleoside and Gene Therapies for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:640-652. [PMID: 34338329 PMCID: PMC9307066 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal recessive human thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) mutations cause TK2 deficiency, which typically manifests as a progressive and fatal mitochondrial myopathy in infants and children. Treatment with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides deoxycytidine and thymidine ameliorates mitochondrial defects and extends the lifespan of Tk2 knock-in mouse (Tk2KI ) and compassionate use deoxynucleoside therapy in TK2 deficient patients have shown promising indications of efficacy. To augment therapy for Tk2 deficiency, we assessed gene therapy alone and in combination with deoxynucleoside therapy in Tk2KI mice. METHODS We generated pAAVsc CB6 PI vectors containing human TK2 cDNA (TK2). Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TK2 was administered to Tk2KI , which were serially assessed for weight, motor functions, and survival as well as biochemical functions in tissues. AAV-TK2 treated mice were further treated with deoxynucleosides. RESULTS AAV9 delivery of human TK2 cDNA to Tk2KI mice efficiently rescued Tk2 activity in all the tissues tested except the kidneys, delayed disease onset, and increased lifespan. Sequential treatment of Tk2KI mice with AAV9 first followed by AAV2 at different ages allowed us to reduce the viral dose while further prolonging the lifespan. Furthermore, addition of deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine supplementation to AAV9 + AAV2 treated Tk2KI mice dramatically improved mtDNA copy numbers in the liver and kidneys, animal growth, and lifespan. INTERPRETATION Our data indicate that AAV-TK2 gene therapy as well as combination deoxynucleoside and gene therapies is more effective in Tk2KI mice than pharmacological alone. Thus, combination of gene therapy with substrate enhancement is a promising therapeutic approach for TK2 deficiency and potentially other metabolic disorders. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Gomez
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria/Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria J Sanchez-Quintero
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Area del Corazón. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eung Jeon Lee
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Gulio Kleiner
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Saba Tadesse
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jun Xie
- Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Hasan Orhan Akman
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Guangping Gao
- Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA.,Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Michio Hirano
- H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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3
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Richard P, Feng S, Tsai YL, Li W, Rinchetti P, Muhith U, Irizarry-Cole J, Stolz K, Sanz LA, Hartono S, Hoque M, Tadesse S, Seitz H, Lotti F, Hirano M, Chédin F, Tian B, Manley JL. SETX (senataxin), the helicase mutated in AOA2 and ALS4, functions in autophagy regulation. Autophagy 2020; 17:1889-1906. [PMID: 32686621 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1796292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETX (senataxin) is an RNA/DNA helicase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and the DNA damage response through resolution of R-loop structures. Mutations in SETX result in either of two distinct neurodegenerative disorders. SETX dominant mutations result in a juvenile form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) called ALS4, whereas recessive mutations are responsible for ataxia called ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). How mutations in the same protein can lead to different phenotypes is still unclear. To elucidate AOA2 disease mechanisms, we first examined gene expression changes following SETX depletion. We observed the effects on both transcription and RNA processing, but surprisingly observed decreased R-loop accumulation in SETX-depleted cells. Importantly, we discovered a strong connection between SETX and the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, reflecting a direct effect on transcription of autophagy genes. We show that SETX depletion inhibits the progression of autophagy, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, decreased ability to clear protein aggregates, as well as mitochondrial defects. Analysis of AOA2 patient fibroblasts also revealed a perturbation of the autophagy pathway. Our work has thus identified a novel function for SETX in the regulation of autophagy, whose modulation may have a therapeutic impact for AOA2.Abbreviations: 3'READS: 3' region extraction and deep sequencing; ACTB: actin beta; ALS4: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; AOA2: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2; APA: alternative polyadenylation; AS: alternative splicing; ATG7: autophagy-related 7; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; ChIP: chromatin IP; Chloro: chloroquine; CPT: camptothecin; DDR: DNA damage response; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; DRIP: DNA/RNA IP; DSBs: double strand breaks; EBs: embryoid bodies; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GO: gene ontology; HR: homologous recombination; HTT: huntingtin; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; KD: knockdown; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MN: motor neuron; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PASS: PolyA Site Supporting; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RNAPII: RNA polymerase II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia; SETX: senataxin; SMA: spinal muscular atrophy; SMN1: survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSS: transcription start site; TTS: transcription termination site; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WB: western blot; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; XRN2: 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Richard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Stellate Therapeutics, JLABS @ NYC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yueh-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Paola Rinchetti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ubayed Muhith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Irizarry-Cole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharine Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stella Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Gene Expression and Regulation Program, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Barca E, Ganetzky RD, Potluri P, Juanola-Falgarona M, Gai X, Li D, Jalas C, Hirsch Y, Emmanuele V, Tadesse S, Ziosi M, Akman HO, Chung WK, Tanji K, McCormick EM, Place E, Consugar M, Pierce EA, Hakonarson H, Wallace DC, Hirano M, Falk MJ. USMG5 Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutation impairs mitochondrial complex V dimerization and ATP synthesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3305-3312. [PMID: 29917077 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a frequent, heterogeneous pediatric presentation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disease, manifesting with psychomotor retardation and necrotizing lesions in brain deep gray matter. OXPHOS occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane through the integrated activity of five protein complexes, of which complex V (CV) functions in a dimeric form to directly generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mutations in several different structural CV subunits cause Leigh syndrome; however, dimerization defects have not been associated with human disease. We report four Leigh syndrome subjects from three unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish families harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.87 + 1G>C) in a novel CV subunit disease gene, USMG5. The Ashkenazi population allele frequency is 0.57%. This mutation produces two USMG5 transcripts, wild-type and lacking exon 3. Fibroblasts from two Leigh syndrome probands had reduced wild-type USMG5 mRNA expression and undetectable protein. The mutation did not alter monomeric CV expression, but reduced both CV dimer expression and ATP synthesis rate. Rescue with wild-type USMG5 cDNA in proband fibroblasts restored USMG5 protein, increased CV dimerization and enhanced ATP production rate. These data demonstrate that a recurrent USMG5 splice-site founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population causes autosomal recessive Leigh syndrome by reduction of CV dimerization and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marti Juanola-Falgarona
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, LA, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Place
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Kleiner G, Barca E, Ziosi M, Emmanuele V, Xu Y, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, Qiao C, Tadesse S, Area-Gomez E, Lopez LC, Quinzii CM. CoQ 10 supplementation rescues nephrotic syndrome through normalization of H 2S oxidation pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3708-3722. [PMID: 30251690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, is the most common phenotype associated with primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and is very responsive to CoQ10 supplementation, although the pathomechanism is not clear. Here, using a mouse model of CoQ deficiency-associated NS, we show that long-term oral CoQ10 supplementation prevents kidney failure by rescuing defects of sulfides oxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress, despite only incomplete normalization of kidney CoQ levels and lack of rescue of CoQ-dependent respiratory enzymes activities. Liver and kidney lipidomics, and urine metabolomics analyses, did not show CoQ metabolites. To further demonstrate that sulfides metabolism defects cause oxidative stress in CoQ deficiency, we show that silencing of sulfide quinone oxido-reductase (SQOR) in wild-type HeLa cells leads to similar increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in HeLa cells depleted of the CoQ biosynthesis regulatory protein COQ8A. While CoQ10 supplementation of COQ8A depleted cells decreases ROS and increases SQOR protein levels, knock-down of SQOR prevents CoQ10 antioxidant effects. We conclude that kidney failure in CoQ deficiency-associated NS is caused by oxidative stress mediated by impaired sulfides oxidation and propose that CoQ supplementation does not significantly increase the kidney pool of CoQ bound to the respiratory supercomplexes, but rather enhances the free pool of CoQ, which stabilizes SQOR protein levels rescuing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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6
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Ziosi M, Di Meo I, Kleiner G, Gao XH, Barca E, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Tadesse S, Jiang H, Qiao C, Rodenburg RJ, Scalais E, Schuelke M, Willard B, Hatzoglou M, Tiranti V, Quinzii CM. Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:96-111. [PMID: 27856618 PMCID: PMC5210092 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an electron acceptor for sulfide‐quinone reductase (SQR), the first enzyme of the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Here, we show that lack of CoQ in human skin fibroblasts causes impairment of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, proportional to the residual levels of CoQ. Biochemical and molecular abnormalities are rescued by CoQ supplementation in vitro and recapitulated by pharmacological inhibition of CoQ biosynthesis in skin fibroblasts and ADCK3 depletion in HeLa cells. Kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice, which only have ~15% residual CoQ concentrations and are clinically affected, showed (i) reduced protein levels of SQR and downstream enzymes, (ii) accumulation of hydrogen sulfides, and (iii) glutathione depletion. These abnormalities were not present in brain, which maintains ~30% residual CoQ and is clinically unaffected. In Pdss2kd/kd mice, we also observed low levels of plasma and urine thiosulfate and increased blood C4‐C6 acylcarnitines. We propose that impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway induced by decreased levels of CoQ causes accumulation of sulfides and consequent inhibition of short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and glutathione depletion, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belinda Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Protein Sequencing, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Lopez-Gomez C, Levy RJ, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Juanola-Falgarona M, Barca E, Garcia-Diaz B, Tadesse S, Garone C, Hirano M. Deoxycytidine and Deoxythymidine Treatment for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:641-652. [PMID: 28318037 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), a critical enzyme in the mitochondrial pyrimidine salvage pathway, is essential for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance. Mutations in the nuclear gene, TK2, cause TK2 deficiency, which manifests predominantly in children as myopathy with mtDNA depletion. Molecular bypass therapy with the TK2 products, deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), prolongs the life span of Tk2-deficient (Tk2-/- ) mice by 2- to 3-fold. Because we observed rapid catabolism of the deoxynucleoside monophosphates to deoxythymidine (dT) and deoxycytidine (dC), we hypothesized that: (1) deoxynucleosides might be the major active agents and (2) inhibition of deoxycytidine deamination might enhance dTMP+dCMP therapy. METHODS To test these hypotheses, we assessed two therapies in Tk2-/- mice: (1) dT+dC and (2) coadministration of the deaminase inhibitor, tetrahydrouridine (THU), with dTMP+dCMP. RESULTS We observed that dC+dT delayed disease onset, prolonged life span of Tk2-deficient mice and restored mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain enzyme activities and levels. In contrast, dCMP+dTMP+THU therapy decreased life span of Tk2-/- animals compared to dCMP+dTMP. INTERPRETATION Our studies demonstrate that deoxynucleoside substrate enhancement is a novel therapy, which may ameliorate TK2 deficiency in patients. Ann Neurol 2017;81:641-652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca J Levy
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Maria J Sanchez-Quintero
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Martí Juanola-Falgarona
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Caterina Garone
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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8
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Barca E, Kleiner G, Tang G, Ziosi M, Tadesse S, Masliah E, Louis ED, Faust P, Kang UJ, Torres J, Cortes EP, Vonsattel JPG, Kuo SH, Quinzii CM. Decreased Coenzyme Q10 Levels in Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellum. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:663-72. [PMID: 27235405 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In familial and sporadic multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been associated with mutations in COQ2, which encodes the second enzyme in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. Cerebellar ataxia is the most common presentation of CoQ10 deficiency, suggesting that the cerebellum might be selectively vulnerable to low levels of CoQ10 To investigate whether CoQ10 deficiency represents a common feature in the brains of MSA patients independent of the presence of COQ2 mutations, we studied CoQ10 levels in postmortem brains of 12 MSA, 9 Parkinson disease (PD), 9 essential tremor (ET) patients, and 12 controls. We also assessed mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial mass, and levels of enzymes involved in CoQ biosynthesis. Our studies revealed CoQ10 deficiency in MSA cerebellum, which was associated with impaired CoQ biosynthesis and increased oxidative stress in the absence of COQ2 mutations. The levels of CoQ10 in the cerebella of ET and PD patients were comparable or higher than in controls. These findings suggest that CoQ10 deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of MSA. Because no disease modifying therapies are currently available, increasing CoQ10 levels by supplementation or upregulation of its biosynthesis may represent a novel treatment strategy for MSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Barca
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Guomei Tang
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Saba Tadesse
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Elan D Louis
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Phyllis Faust
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Un J Kang
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Jose Torres
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Etty P Cortes
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Jean-Paul G Vonsattel
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV)
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (EB, GK, GT, MZ, ST, UJK, S-HK, CMQ); UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (EB); Department of Neuroscience and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California (EM); Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (EDL); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York (PF, JT, EPC, J-PGV); and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (JT, EPC, J-PGV).
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9
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Garcia-Diaz B, Barca E, Balreira A, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Krishna S, Naini A, Mariotti C, Castellotti B, Quinzii CM. Lack of aprataxin impairs mitochondrial functions via downregulation of the APE1/NRF1/NRF2 pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4516-29. [PMID: 25976310 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in APTX, which encodes the DNA strand-break repair protein aprataxin (APTX). CoQ10 deficiency has been identified in fibroblasts and muscle of AOA1 patients carrying the common W279X mutation, and aprataxin has been localized to mitochondria in neuroblastoma cells, where it enhances preservation of mitochondrial function. In this study, we show that aprataxin deficiency impairs mitochondrial function, independent of its role in mitochondrial DNA repair. The bioenergetics defect in AOA1-mutant fibroblasts and APTX-depleted Hela cells is caused by decreased expression of SDHA and genes encoding CoQ biosynthetic enzymes, in association with reductions of APE1, NRF1 and NRF2. The biochemical and molecular abnormalities in APTX-depleted cells are recapitulated by knockdown of APE1 in Hela cells and are rescued by overexpression of NRF1/2. Importantly, pharmacological upregulation of NRF1 alone by 5-aminoimidazone-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide does not rescue the phenotype, which, in contrast, is reversed by the upregulation of NRF2 by rosiglitazone. Accordingly, we propose that the lack of aprataxin causes reduction of the pathway APE1/NRF1/NRF2 and their target genes. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of APTX in transcription regulation of mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of AOA1 via a novel pathomechanistic pathway, which may be relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, UOC of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | | | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Health Science Technological Park (PTS), University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain and
| | | | - Sindhu Krishna
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ali Naini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unitâ di Genetica delle Malattie Neurodegenerative e Metaboliche, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- Unitâ di Genetica delle Malattie Neurodegenerative e Metaboliche, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan 20126, Italy
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10
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Garone C, Garcia-Diaz B, Emmanuele V, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Akman HO, Tanji K, Quinzii CM, Hirano M. Deoxypyrimidine monophosphate bypass therapy for thymidine kinase 2 deficiency. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1016-27. [PMID: 24968719 PMCID: PMC4154130 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in the thymidine kinase 2 gene (TK2) cause mitochondrial DNA depletion, multiple deletions, or both due to loss of TK2 enzyme activity and ensuing unbalanced deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pools. To bypass Tk2 deficiency, we administered deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine monophosphates (dCMP+dTMP) to the Tk2 H126N (Tk2(-/-)) knock-in mouse model from postnatal day 4, when mutant mice are phenotypically normal, but biochemically affected. Assessment of 13-day-old Tk2(-/-) mice treated with dCMP+dTMP 200 mg/kg/day each (Tk2(-/-200dCMP/) (dTMP)) demonstrated that in mutant animals, the compounds raise dTTP concentrations, increase levels of mtDNA, ameliorate defects of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, and significantly prolong their lifespan (34 days with treatment versus 13 days untreated). A second trial of dCMP+dTMP each at 400 mg/kg/day showed even greater phenotypic and biochemical improvements. In conclusion, dCMP/dTMP supplementation is the first effective pharmacologic treatment for Tk2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Garone
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Human Genetics Joint PhD Program, University of Bologna and Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Pediatric Clinic University of Genoa IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan O Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Kirk K, Gennings C, Hupf JC, Tadesse S, D'Aurelio M, Kawamata H, Valsecchi F, Mitsumoto H, Manfredi G. Bioenergetic markers in skin fibroblasts of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:620-4. [PMID: 25090982 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism could influence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and progressive lateral sclerosis (PLS) pathogenesis and the response to therapy. We developed a novel assay to simultaneously assess mitochondrial content and membrane potential in patients' skin fibroblasts. In ALS and PLS fibroblasts, membrane potential was increased and mitochondrial content decreased, relative to healthy controls. In ALS higher mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with age at diagnosis, and in PLS it correlated with disease severity. These unprecedented findings in ALS and PLS fibroblasts could shed new light onto disease pathogenesis and help in developing biomarkers to predict disease evolution and the individual response to therapy in motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryne Kirk
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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12
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Garone C, Garcia-Diaz B, Emmanuele V, Tadesse S, Akman H, Tanji K, Quinzii C, Hirano M. P17.19 Deoxypyrimidine monophosphates treatment for thymidine kinase 2 deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Quinzii CM, Garone C, Emmanuele V, Tadesse S, Krishna S, Dorado B, Hirano M. Tissue-specific oxidative stress and loss of mitochondria in CoQ-deficient Pdss2 mutant mice. FASEB J 2012; 27:612-21. [PMID: 23150520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-209361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary human CoQ(10) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous diseases caused by mutations in PDSS2 and other genes required for CoQ(10) biosynthesis. Our in vitro studies of PDSS2 mutant fibroblasts, with <20% CoQ(10) of control cells, revealed reduced activity of CoQ(10)-dependent complex II+III and ATP synthesis, without amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), markers of oxidative damage, or antioxidant defenses. In contrast, COQ2 and ADCK3 mutant fibroblasts, with 30-50% CoQ(10) of controls, showed milder bioenergetic defects but significantly increased ROS and oxidation of lipids and proteins. We hypothesized that absence of oxidative stress markers and cell death in PDSS2 mutant fibroblasts were due to the extreme severity of CoQ(10) deficiency. Here, we have investigated in vivo effects of Pdss2 deficiency in affected and unaffected organs of CBA/Pdss2(kd/kd) mice at presymptomatic, phenotypic-onset, and end-stages of the disease. Although Pdss2 mutant mice manifest widespread CoQ(9) deficiency and mitochondrial respiratory chain abnormalities, only affected organs show increased ROS production, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA depletion, and reduced citrate synthase activity, an index of mitochondrial mass. Our data indicate that kidney-specific loss of mitochondria triggered by oxidative stress may be the cause of renal failure in Pdss2(kd/kd) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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14
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Emmanuele V, López LC, López L, Berardo A, Naini A, Tadesse S, Wen B, D'Agostino E, Solomon M, DiMauro S, Quinzii C, Hirano M. Heterogeneity of coenzyme Q10 deficiency: patient study and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 69:978-83. [PMID: 22490322 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2012.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) deficiency has been associated with 5 major clinical phenotypes: encephalomyopathy, severe infantile multisystemic disease, nephropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and isolated myopathy. Primary CoQ(10) deficiency is due to defects in CoQ(10) biosynthesis, while secondary forms are due to other causes. A review of 149 cases, including our cohort of 76 patients, confirms that CoQ(10) deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome that mainly begins in childhood and predominantly manifests as cerebellar ataxia. Coenzyme Q(10) measurement in muscle is the gold standard for diagnosis. Identification of CoQ(10) deficiency is important because the condition frequently responds to treatment. Causative mutations have been identified in a small proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Garcia-Diaz B, Barros M, Sanna-Cherchi S, Emmanuele V, Akman H, Ferreiro-Barros C, Horvath R, Tadesse S, El Gharaby N, DiMauro S, De Vivo D, Shokr A, Hirano M, Quinzii C. Infantile encephaloneuromyopathy and defective mitochondrial translation are due to a homozygous RMND1 mutation. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:729-36. [PMID: 23022099 PMCID: PMC3484479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects of mitochondrial protein synthesis are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. We previously described a male infant who was born to consanguineous parents and who presented with severe congenital encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, and lactic acidosis associated with deficiencies of multiple mitochondrial respiratory-chain enzymes and defective mitochondrial translation. In this work, we have characterized four additional affected family members, performed homozygosity mapping, and identified a homozygous splicing mutation in the splice donor site of exon 2 (c.504+1G>A) of RMND1 (required for meiotic nuclear division-1) in the affected individuals. Fibroblasts from affected individuals expressed two aberrant transcripts and had decreased wild-type mRNA and deficiencies of mitochondrial respiratory-chain enzymes. The RMND1 mutation caused haploinsufficiency that was rescued by overexpression of the wild-type transcript in mutant fibroblasts; this overexpression increased the levels and activities of mitochondrial respiratory-chain proteins. Knockdown of RMND1 via shRNA recapitulated the biochemical defect of the mutant fibroblasts, further supporting a loss-of-function pathomechanism in this disease. RMND1 belongs to the sif2 family, an evolutionary conserved group of proteins that share the DUF155 domain, have unknown function, and have never been associated with human disease. We documented that the protein localizes to mitochondria in mammalian and yeast cells. Further studies are necessary for understanding the function of this protein in mitochondrial protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mario H. Barros
- Departament of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hasan O. Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Rita Horvath
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nader El Gharaby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugshan General Hospital, P.O. Box 5860, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Darryl C. De Vivo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aly Shokr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugshan General Hospital, P.O. Box 5860, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catarina M. Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy is a rare multisystemic autosomic recessive disorder characterized by: onset typically before the age of 30 years; ptosis; progressive external ophthalmoplegia; gastrointestinal dysmotility; cachexia; peripheral neuropathy; and leucoencephalopathy. The disease is caused by mutations in the TYMP gene encoding thymidine phosphorylasethymine phosphorylase. Anecdotal reports suggest that allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell transplantation may be beneficial for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, but is associated with a high mortality. After selecting patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy and had severe thymidine phosphorylase deficiency in the buffy coat (<10% of normal activity), we reviewed their medical records and laboratory studies. We identified 102 patients (50 females) with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy and an average age of 32.4 years (range 11-59 years). We found 20 novel TYMP mutations. The average age-at-onset was 17.9 years (range 5 months to 35 years); however, the majority of patients reported the first symptoms before the age of 12 years. The patient distribution suggests a relatively high prevalence in Europeans, while the mutation distribution suggests founder effects for a few mutations, such as c.866A>G in Europe and c.518T>G in the Dominican Republic, that could guide genetic screening in each location. Although the sequence of clinical manifestations in the disease varied, half of the patients initially had gastrointestinal symptoms. We confirmed anecdotal reports of intra- and inter-familial clinical variability and absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in the disease, suggesting genetic modifiers, environmental factors or both contribute to disease manifestations. Acute medical events such as infections often provoked worsening of symptoms, suggesting that careful monitoring and early treatment of intercurrent illnesses may be beneficial. We observed endocrine/exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which had not previously been reported. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant mortality between the ages of 20 and 40 years due to infectious or metabolic complications. Despite increasing awareness of this illness, a high proportion of patients had been misdiagnosed. Early and accurate diagnosis of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, together with timely treatment of acute intercurrent illnesses, may retard disease progression and increase the number of patients eligible for allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Garone
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY 10032, USA
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17
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López LC, Akman HO, García-Cazorla A, Dorado B, Martí R, Nishino I, Tadesse S, Pizzorno G, Shungu D, Bonilla E, Tanji K, Hirano M. Unbalanced deoxynucleotide pools cause mitochondrial DNA instability in thymidine phosphorylase-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:714-22. [PMID: 19028666 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication and repair of DNA require equilibrated pools of deoxynucleoside triphosphate precursors. This concept has been proven by in vitro studies over many years, but in vivo models are required to demonstrate its relevance to multicellular organisms and to human diseases. Accordingly, we have generated thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and uridine phosphorylase (UP) double knockout (TP(-/-)UP(-/-)) mice, which show severe TP deficiency, increased thymidine and deoxyuridine in tissues and elevated mitochondrial deoxythymidine triphosphate. As consequences of the nucleotide pool imbalances, brains of mutant mice developed partial depletion of mtDNA, deficiencies of respiratory chain complexes and encephalopathy. These findings largely account for the pathogenesis of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE), the first inherited human disorder of nucleoside metabolism associated with somatic DNA instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C López
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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18
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Valentino ML, Martí R, Tadesse S, López LC, Manes JL, Lyzak J, Hahn A, Carelli V, Hirano M. Thymidine and deoxyuridine accumulate in tissues of patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3410-4. [PMID: 17612528 PMCID: PMC1986782 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 06/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disease due to ECGF1 gene mutations causing thymidine phosphorylase (TP) deficiency. Analysis of post-mortem samples of five MNGIE patients and two controls, revealed TP activity in all control tissues, but not in MNGIE samples. Converse to TP activity, thymidine and deoxyuridine were absent in control samples, but present in all tissues of MNGIE patients. Concentrations of both nucleosides in the tissues were generally higher than those observed in plasma of MNGIE patients. Our observations indicate that in the absence of TP activity, tissues accumulate nucleosides, which are excreted into plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Valentino
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th Street, P&S 4-443, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Hirano M, Martí R, Casali C, Tadesse S, Uldrick T, Fine B, Escolar DM, Valentino ML, Nishino I, Hesdorffer C, Schwartz J, Hawks RG, Martone DL, Cairo MS, DiMauro S, Stanzani M, Garvin JH, Savage DG. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation corrects biochemical derangements in MNGIE. Neurology 2006; 67:1458-60. [PMID: 16971696 PMCID: PMC4345106 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240853.97716.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a multisystemic autosomal recessive disease due to primary thymidine phosphorylase (TP) deficiency. To restore TP activity, we performed reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantations (alloSCTs) in two patients. In the first, alloSCT failed to engraft, but the second achieved mixed donor chimerism, which partially restored buffy coat TP activity and lowered plasma nucleosides. Thus, alloSCT can correct biochemical abnormalities in the blood of patients with MNGIE, but clinical efficacy remains unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St., P&S 4-443, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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20
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Martí R, Verschuuren JJGM, Buchman A, Hirano I, Tadesse S, van Kuilenburg ABP, van Gennip AH, Poorthuis BJHM, Hirano M. Late-onset MNGIE due to partial loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity. Ann Neurol 2005; 58:649-52. [PMID: 16178026 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). All MNGIE patients have had severe loss of TP function and prominent plasma accumulations of the TP substrates thymidine (dThd) and deoxyuridine (dUrd). Here, we report for the first time to our knowledge three MNGIE patients with later onset, milder phenotype, and less severe TP dysfunction, compared with typical MNGIE patients. This report demonstrates a direct relationship between the biochemical defects and clinical phenotypes in MNGIE and supports the notion that reduction of dThd and dUrd accumulation or TP replacement could be useful therapy for MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Martí
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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21
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Abstract
An investigation was made into coccidiosis of 190 scavenging indigenous chickens between September 2000 and April 2001 in three selected agroclimatic zones, in central Ethiopia. This was done through clinical, postmortem and microscopic examinations. Data were processed by chi-square and Mantel-Haenzel test. The study indicated that 25.8% (49/190) of the chickens were infected with coccidiosis and found to harbour one to four different species of Eimeria. Of these infected chickens, 30 (15.8%) and 19 (10.0%) were positive for clinical and sub-clinical coccidiosis, respectively. There was a significant altitude difference (chi2 = 14.7, p <0.001) in coccidiosis prevalence: 42.2% in chickens from highland region followed by 21.5% in mid-altitude and 13.1% in low-altitude areas. When quantified, the prevalence of coccidiosis was 2.66 and 4.83 times higher in the high-altitude than in mid-altitude (odds ratio, OR = 2.66, p<0.05) and low-altitude (OR = 4.83, p<0.001) chickens. The pathogenic Eimeria species responsible for clinical coccidiosis were E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. With increasing demand for poultry products in developing countries, knowledge of production constraints in traditional management practices could help devise control strategies for constraints on backyard poultry production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ashenafi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
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22
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Martí R, Spinazzola A, Tadesse S, Nishino I, Nishigaki Y, Hirano M. Definitive Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy by Biochemical Assays. Clin Chem 2004; 50:120-4. [PMID: 14633909 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.026179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). The clinical manifestations of MNGIE are recognizable and homogeneous, but in the early stages, the disease is often misdiagnosed. This study assesses the reliability of biochemical assays to diagnose MNGIE.
Methods: We studied 180 patients with clinical features suggestive of MNGIE, 14 asymptomatic TP mutation carriers, and 20 controls. TP enzyme activity in the buffy coat was determined by a fixed-time method, and the plasma nucleosides thymidine (dThd) and deoxyuridine (dUrd) were assessed by a gradient-elution reversed phase HPLC method. TP was sequenced through standard procedures in patients who met the clinical criteria for MNGIE.
Results:Twenty-five of the 180 patients fulfilled the clinical criteria for MNGIE and had homozygous or compound heterozygous TP mutations. All had drastically decreased TP activity [mean (SD), 10 (15) nmol thymine formed · h−1 · (mg protein)−1 vs 634 (217) nmol thymine formed · h−1 · (mg protein)−1 for the controls]. Relative to the control mean, TP activities were reduced to 35% in mutation carriers and 65% in MNGIE-like patients. All 25 MNGIE patients had detectable plasma dThd [8.6 (3.4) μmol/L] and dUrd [14.2 (4.4) μmol/L]. Controls, carriers, and MNGIE-like patients showed no detectable plasma dThd and dUrd.
Conclusions:We propose a diagnostic algorithm based on the determination of plasma dThd and dUrd, TP activity in buffy coat, or both to make a definitive diagnosis of MNGIE. Increased concentrations of dThd (>3 μmol/L) and dUrd (>5 μmol/L) in plasma or a decrease in buffy coat TP activity to ≤8% relative to controls is sufficient to diagnose MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Martí
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Tadesse S, Woldemeskel M, Medhia G, Tibbo M, Molla B, Abate G, Britton S. T-cell responses to Mycobacterium avium PPD antigens in gastro-intestinal helminth co-infected chickens in Central Ethiopia. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2003; 24:57-72. [PMID: 12680607 DOI: 10.1081/ias-120018469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted on extensively reared chickens of three selected agro-climatic zones in Central Ethiopia to examine the predisposing effect of gastro-intestinal helminthes to intestinal Mycobacterium avium when it occurs as co-infection. This was done through a Lymphocyte Stimulation Test (LST) using avian PPD on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the blood of chickens and gross examination of digestive tract for the presence of helminth parasites. Data were analyzed using the statistical softwares SAS (1994) and Intercooled STATA version 6. Fourteen (14.7%) out of the 95 examined chickens were positive in in vitro LST showing stimulation index (SI) > or = 2. There was a significant (chi2 = 9.93, P < 0.01) difference in prevalence of M. avium by altitude: highest in chickens from lowland (27.8%) areas, followed by 13.3% in chickens from mid altitude and none was reacted to LST from highland region. A significant relationship (chi2 = 9.58, P < 0.01) in cestode co-infection with M. avium was found. There was no significant (chi2 = 1.66, P > 0.05) relationship in nematode co-infection with M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tadesse
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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24
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Nishigaki Y, Tadesse S, Bonilla E, Shungu D, Hersh S, Keats BJB, Berlin CI, Goldberg MF, Vockley J, DiMauro S, Hirano M. A novel mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation in a patient with features of MERRF and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Neuromuscul Disord 2003; 13:334-40. [PMID: 12868503 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a patient with clinical features of both myoclonus epilepsy ragged-red fibers (MERRF) and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), we identified a novel guanine-to-adenine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation at nucleotide 3255 (G3255A) of the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene. Approximately 5% of the skeletal muscle fibers had excessive mitochondria by succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry while a smaller proportion showed cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency. In skeletal muscle, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, I + III, II + III, and IV were reduced. The G3255A transition was heteroplasmic in all tissues tested: muscle (53%), urine sediment (67%), peripheral leukocytes (22%), and cultured skin fibroblasts (< 2%). The mutation was absent in 50 control DNA samples. Single-fiber analysis revealed a higher proportion of mutation in COX-deficient RRF (94% +/- 5, n = 25) compared to COX-positive non-RRF (18% +/- 9, n = 21). The identification of yet another tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation reinforces the concept that this gene is a hot-spot for pathogenic mtDNA mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/metabolism
- Adult
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Guanine/metabolism
- Humans
- Kearns-Sayre Syndrome/genetics
- MERRF Syndrome/genetics
- Male
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Mitochondrial
- RNA, Transfer, Leu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeon, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 4-443, New York, NY 10032, USA
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25
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Marti R, Spinazzola A, Nishino I, Andreu AL, Naini A, Tadesse S, Oliver JA, Hirano M. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy and thymidine metabolism: results and hypotheses. Mitochondrion 2002; 2:143-7. [PMID: 16120316 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7249(02)00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2001] [Accepted: 02/27/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disease with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and is caused by mutations in the nuclear gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). The cardinal clinical manifestations are ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, peripheral neuropathy, and leukoencephalopathy. Skeletal muscle shows mitochondrial abnormalities, including ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, together with mtDNA depletion, multiple deletions or both. In MNGIE patients, TP mutations cause a loss-of-function of the cytosolic enzyme, TP. As a direct consequence of the TP defect, thymidine metabolism is altered. High blood levels of this nucleoside are likely to lead to mtDNA defects even in cells that do not express TP, such as skeletal muscle. We hypothesize that high concentrations of thymidine affect dNTP (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate) metabolism in mitochondria more than in cytosol or nuclei, because mitochondrial dNTPs depend mainly on the thymidine salvage pathway, whereas nuclear dNTPs depend mostly on de novo pathway. The imbalance in the mitochondrial dNTP homeostasis affects mtDNA replication, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Marti
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, P&S 4-443, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 , USA
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26
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Gamez J, Ferreiro C, Accarino ML, Guarner L, Tadesse S, Martí RA, Andreu AL, Raguer N, Cervera C, Hirano M. Phenotypic variability in a Spanish family with MNGIE. Neurology 2002; 59:455-7. [PMID: 12177387 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of a Spanish family with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy are reported. The proband presented with severe gastrointestinal dysmotility and the affected sister had extraocular muscle weakness. In both affected individuals, biochemical defects of thymidine phosphorylase and a pathogenic G-to-A transition mutation at nucleotide 435 in the thymidine phosphorylase gene were identified. The first thymidine phosphorylase mutation identified in Spain showed phenotypic variability at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gamez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Gral, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Spinazzola A, Marti R, Nishino I, Andreu AL, Naini A, Tadesse S, Pela I, Zammarchi E, Donati MA, Oliver JA, Hirano M. Altered thymidine metabolism due to defects of thymidine phosphorylase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:4128-33. [PMID: 11733540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive human disease due to mutations in the thymidine phosphorylase (TP) gene. TP enzyme catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine to thymine and 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate. We present evidence that thymidine metabolism is altered in MNGIE. TP activities in buffy coats were reduced drastically in all 27 MNGIE patients compared with 19 controls. All MNGIE patients had much higher plasma levels of thymidine than normal individuals and asymptomatic TP mutation carriers. In two patients, the renal clearance of thymidine was approximately 20% that of creatinine, and because hemodialysis demonstrated that thymidine is ultrafiltratable, most of the filtered thymidine is likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney. In vitro, fibroblasts from controls catabolized thymidine in medium; by contrast, MNGIE fibroblasts released thymidine. In MNGIE, severe impairment of TP enzyme activity leads to increased plasma thymidine. In patients who are suspected of having MNGIE, determination of TP activity in buffy coats and thymidine levels in plasma are diagnostic. We hypothesize that excess thymidine alters mitochondrial nucleoside and nucleotide pools leading to impaired mitochondrial DNA replication, repair, or both. Therapies to reduce thymidine levels may be beneficial to MNGIE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Spinazzola
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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28
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Hirano M, Marti R, Ferreiro-Barros C, Vilà MR, Tadesse S, Nishigaki Y, Nishino I, Vu TH. Defects of intergenomic communication: autosomal disorders that cause multiple deletions and depletion of mitochondrial DNA. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2001; 12:417-27. [PMID: 11735376 DOI: 10.1006/scdb.2001.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depletion and multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with a growing number of autosomal diseases that have been classified as defects of intergenomic communication. MNGIE, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with mtDNA alterations is due to mutations in thymidine phosphorylase that may cause imbalance of the mitochondrial nucleotide pool. Subsequently, mutations in the mitochondrial proteins adenine nucleotide translocator 1, Twinkle, and polymerase gamma have been found to cause autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple deletions of mtDNA. Uncovering the molecular bases of intergenomic communication defects will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for maintaining mtDNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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29
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Opial D, Boehnke M, Tadesse S, Lietz-Partzsch A, Flammer J, Munier F, Mermoud A, Hirano M, Flückiger F, Mojon DS. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutations in normal-tension glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239:437-40. [PMID: 11561792 DOI: 10.1007/s004170100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, increased optic nerve cupping has been reported by several authors. Recently, a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation at nucleotide 11778 typically associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was identified in a patient treated for glaucoma but lacking typical signs of LHON. The question arises: should all normal-tension glaucoma patients be further evaluated for LHON? METHODS we screened 54 unselected patients with normal-tension glaucoma (age range 20-96 years, 16 men and 38 women) for the primary mtDNA LHON mutations at nucleotides 3460, 11778 and 14484. RESULTS none of the patients harboured the mtDNA mutations at nucleotides 3460, 11778 or 14484 (95% confidence intervals for each mutation ranged from 0% to 5.3%). CONCLUSIONS primary LHON mtDNA mutations are rare or absent in unselected normal-tension glaucoma patients. Therefore, unselected normal-tension glaucoma patients should not be screened for these mutations. It is probable that only normal-tension glaucoma patients with atypical features (rapid progression, early deep central scotoma, pallor of neuroretinal rim, elevated disc, peripapillary teleangiectasia) or a positive family history of visual loss compatible with a matrilinear transmission should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Opial
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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30
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Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Papadimitriou A, Hammans S, Steiner I, Hahn CD, Connolly AM, Verloes A, Guimar�es J, Maillard I, Hamano H, Donati MA, Semrad CE, Russell JA, Andreu AL, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Vu TH, Tadesse S, Nygaard TG, Nonaka I, Hirano I, Bonilla E, Rowland LP, DiMauro S, Hirano M. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: An autosomal recessive disorder due to thymidine phosphorylase mutations. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200006)47:6<792::aid-ana12>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Copeland RA, Marcinkeviciene J, Haque TS, Kopcho LM, Jiang W, Wang K, Ecret LD, Sizemore C, Amsler KA, Foster L, Tadesse S, Combs AP, Stern AM, Trainor GL, Slee A, Rogers MJ, Hobbs F. Helicobacter pylori-selective antibacterials based on inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:33373-8. [PMID: 10938275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004451200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a class of pyrazole-based compounds that are potent inhibitors of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of Helicobacter pylori but that do not inhibit the cognate enzymes from Gram-positive bacteria or humans. In culture these compounds inhibit the growth of H. pylori selectively, showing no effect on other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria or human cell lines. These compounds represent the first examples of H. pylori-specific antibacterial agents. Cellular activity within this structural class appears to be due to dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition. Minor structural changes that abrogate in vitro inhibition of the enzyme likewise eliminate cellular activity. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these compounds increase upon addition of orotate to the culture medium in a concentration-dependent manner, consistent with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition as the mechanism of cellular inhibition. The data presented here suggest that targeted inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis may be a valuable mechanism for the development of antimicrobial agents selective for H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Copeland
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, the Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, and the Antimicrobials Group, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0400, USA
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32
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Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Papadimitriou A, Hammans S, Steiner I, Hahn CD, Connolly AM, Verloes A, Guimarães J, Maillard I, Hamano H, Donati MA, Semrad CE, Russell JA, Andreu AL, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Vu TH, Tadesse S, Nygaard TG, Nonaka I, Hirano I, Bonilla E, Rowland LP, DiMauro S, Hirano M. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: an autosomal recessive disorder due to thymidine phosphorylase mutations. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:792-800. [PMID: 10852545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disorder defined clinically by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility; cachexia; ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, or both; peripheral neuropathy; leukoencephalopathy; and mitochondrial abnormalities. The disease is caused by mutations in the thymidine phosphorylase (TP) gene. TP protein catalyzes phosphorolysis of thymidine to thymine and deoxyribose 1-phosphate. We identified 21 probands (35 patients) who fulfilled our clinical criteria for MNGIE. MNGIE has clinically homogeneous features but varies in age at onset and rate of progression. Gastrointestinal dysmotility is the most prominent manifestation, with recurrent diarrhea, borborygmi, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Patients usually die in early adulthood (mean, 37.6 years; range, 26-58 years). Cerebral leukodystrophy is characteristic. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has depletion, multiple deletions, or both. We have identified 16 TP mutations. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were present in all patients tested. Leukocyte TP activity was reduced drastically in all patients tested, 0.009 +/- 0.021 micromol/hr/mg (mean +/- SD; n = 16), compared with controls, 0.67 +/- 0.21 micromol/hr/mg (n = 19). MNGIE is a recognizable clinical syndrome caused by mutations in thymidine phosphorylase. Severe reduction of TP activity in leukocytes is diagnostic. Altered mitochondrial nucleoside and nucleotide pools may impair mtDNA replication, repair, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nishino
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Phyu S, Tadesse A, Mustafa T, Tadesse S, Jonsson R, Bjune G. Diversity of lung and spleen immune responses in mice with slowly progressive primary tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:147-54. [PMID: 10652161 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the compartmentalized immune response, in terms of cytokine secretion and cell activation, in lungs and spleens of mice with slowly progressive primary tuberculosis. Immunocyte populations from both organs were isolated and stimulated with concanavalin A, purified protein derivatives and MPT 59. Production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell activation was measured using a tetrazolium colorimetric assay. The IFN-gamma and IL-4 levels in the supernatants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (Ag)-stimulated lung immunocytes from infected mice were higher than the levels from uninfected mice. However, only IL-4 levels were raised in the supernatants of Ag-stimulated spleen immunocytes from infected mice. Spontaneous and Ag-stimulated immunocyte activation was lower only in the lungs of infected mice compared with uninfected mice. The level of lung immunocyte activation was inversely associated with the extent of gross pulmonary pathology. In conclusion, cytokine secretion and cell activation were different between lungs and spleens in slowly progressive primary murine tuberculosis. Cytokine diversity may explain the confinement of tuberculous lesions in the lungs and the absence of lesions in the spleens of mice with slowly progressive tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phyu
- Centre for International Health, Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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