1
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Busseau I, Mockly S, Houbron É, Somaï H, Seitz H. Evaluation of microRNA variant maturation prior to genome edition. Biochimie 2024; 217:86-94. [PMID: 37385398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the functionality of individual microRNA/target sites is a crucial issue. Genome editing techniques should theoretically permit a fine functional exploration of such interactions, allowing the mutation of microRNAs or individual binding sites in a complete in vivo setting, therefore abrogating or restoring individual interactions on demand. A major limitation to this experimental strategy is the influence of microRNA sequence on its accumulation level, which introduces a confounding effect when assessing phenotypic rescue by compensatorily mutated microRNA and target site. Here we describe a simple assay to identify microRNA variants most likely to accumulate at wild-type levels even though their sequence has been mutated. In this assay, quantification of a reporter construct in cultured cells predicts the efficiency of an early biogenesis step, the Drosha-dependent cleavage of microRNA precursors, which appears to be a major determinant of microRNA accumulation in our variant collection. This system allowed the generation of a mutant Drosophila strain expressing a bantam microRNA variant at wild-type levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Busseau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sophie Mockly
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Élisabeth Houbron
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hedi Somaï
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Janati-Idrissi S, de Abreu MR, Guyomar C, de Mello F, Nguyen T, Mechkouri N, Gay S, Montfort J, Gonzalez A, Abbasi M, Bugeon J, Thermes V, Seitz H, Bobe J. Looking for a needle in a haystack: de novo phenotypic target identification reveals Hippo pathway-mediated miR-202 regulation of egg production. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:738-754. [PMID: 38059397 PMCID: PMC10810276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microRNA (miRNA) functions has been hampered by major difficulties in identifying their biological target(s). Currently, the main limitation is the lack of a suitable strategy to identify biologically relevant targets among a high number of putative targets. Here we provide a proof of concept of successful de novo (i.e. without prior knowledge of its identity) miRNA phenotypic target (i.e. target whose de-repression contributes to the phenotypic outcomes) identification from RNA-seq data. Using the medaka mir-202 knock-out (KO) model in which inactivation leads to a major organism-level reproductive phenotype, including reduced egg production, we introduced novel criteria including limited fold-change in KO and low interindividual variability in gene expression to reduce the list of 2853 putative targets to a short list of 5. We selected tead3b, a member of the evolutionarily-conserved Hippo pathway, known to regulate ovarian functions, due to its remarkably strong and evolutionarily conserved binding affinity for miR-202-5p. Deleting the miR-202-5p binding site in the 3' UTR of tead3b, but not of other Hippo pathway members sav1 and vgll4b, triggered a reduced egg production phenotype. This is one of the few successful examples of de novo functional assignment of a miRNA phenotypic target in vivo in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cervin Guyomar
- Sigenae, GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Nazim Mechkouri
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Anne Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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3
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Abstract
A prolific scientific literature attributes pro- or anti-oncogenic properties to many human microRNAs ("miRNAs"). While many of these studies are based on unpersuasive analyses, one candidate suppressor tumour miRNA, miR-34a, appeared convincing enough to be administered to human patients in a clinical trial-with disappointing outcomes. Here, we review possible reasons for that failure, and their implications for other miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mockly
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Weizel A, Distler T, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Seitz H, Budday S. Time-dependent hyper-viscoelastic parameter identification of human articular cartilage and substitute materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105618. [PMID: 36566662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulations are a valuable tool to understand which processes during mechanical stimulations of hydrogels for cartilage replacement influence the behavior of chondrocytes and contribute to the success or failure of these materials as implants. Such simulations critically rely on the correct prediction of the material response through appropriate material models and corresponding parameters. In this study, we identify hyper-viscoelastic material parameters for numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics® v. 5.6 for human articular cartilage and two replacement materials, the commercially available ChondroFillerliquid and oxidized alginate gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogels. We incorporate the realistic experimental boundary conditions into an inverse parameter identification scheme based on data from multiple loading modes simultaneously, including cyclic compression-tension and stress relaxation experiments. We provide individual parameter sets for the unconditioned and conditioned responses and discuss how viscoelastic effects are related to the materials' microstructure. ADA-GEL and ChondroFillerliquid exhibit faster stress relaxation than cartilage with lower relaxation time constants, while cartilage has the largest viscoelastic stress contribution. The elastic response predominates in ADA-GEL and ChondroFillerliquid, while the viscoelastic response predominates in cartilage. These results will help to simulate mechanical stimulations, support the development of suitable materials with distinct mechanical properties in the future and provide parameters and insight into the time-dependent material behavior of human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weizel
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - T Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Budday
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Houbron É, Mockly S, Rafasse S, Gros N, Muriaux D, Seitz H. Biochemistry-informed design selects potent siRNAs against SARS-CoV-2. RNA Biol 2023; 20:272-280. [PMID: 37272117 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) offers an efficient way to repress genes of interest, and it is widely used in research settings. Clinical applications emerged more recently, with 5 approved siRNAs (the RNA guides of the RNAi effector complex) against human diseases. The development of siRNAs against the SARS-CoV-2 virus could therefore provide the basis of novel COVID-19 treatments, while being easily adaptable to future variants or to other, unrelated viruses. Because the biochemistry of RNAi is very precisely described, it is now possible to design siRNAs with high predicted activity and specificity using only computational tools. While previous siRNA design algorithms tended to rely on simplistic strategies (raising fully complementary siRNAs against targets of interest), our approach uses the most up-to-date mechanistic description of RNAi to allow mismatches at tolerable positions and to force them at beneficial positions, while optimizing siRNA duplex asymmetry. Our pipeline proposes 8 siRNAs against SARS-CoV-2, and ex vivo assessment confirms the high antiviral activity of 6 out of 8 siRNAs, also achieving excellent variant coverage (with several 3-siRNA combinations recognizing each correctly-sequenced variant as of September2022). Our approach is easily generalizable to other viruses as long as avariant genome database is available. With siRNA delivery procedures being currently improved, RNAi could therefore become an efficient and versatile antiviral therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Houbron
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Mockly
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophia Rafasse
- CEMIPAI UAR 3725 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Gros
- CEMIPAI UAR 3725 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- CEMIPAI UAR 3725 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRIM, UMR 9004 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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6
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Mockly S, Houbron É, Seitz H. A rationalized definition of general tumor suppressor microRNAs excludes miR-34a. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4703-4712. [PMID: 35474387 PMCID: PMC9071449 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors, a consensual definition of tumor suppressing miRNAs is still missing. Similarly to coding genes, we propose that tumor suppressor miRNAs must show evidence of genetic or epigenetic inactivation in cancers, and exhibit an anti-tumorigenic (e.g., anti-proliferative) activity under endogenous expression levels. Here we observe that this definition excludes the most extensively studied tumor suppressor candidate miRNA, miR-34a. In analyzable cancer types, miR-34a does not appear to be down-regulated in primary tumors relatively to normal adjacent tissues. Deletion of miR-34a is occasionally found in human cancers, but it does not seem to be driven by an anti-tumorigenic activity of the miRNA, since it is not observed upon smaller, miR-34a-specific alterations. Its anti-proliferative action was observed upon large, supra-physiological transfection of synthetic miR-34a in cultured cells, and our data indicates that endogenous miR-34a levels do not have such an effect. Our results therefore argue against a general tumor suppressive function for miR-34a, providing an explanation to the lack of efficiency of synthetic miR-34a administration against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mockly
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Élisabeth Houbron
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and university of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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7
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Polley C, Radlof W, Hauschulz F, Benz C, Sander M, Seitz H. Morphological and mechanical characterisation of three-dimensional gyroid structures fabricated by electron beam melting for the use as a porous biomaterial. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104882. [PMID: 34740017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufactured porous biomaterials based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are a highly discussed topic in the literature. With their unique properties in terms of open porosity, large surface area and surface curvature, they are considered to have bone mimicking properties and remarkable osteogenic potential. In this study, scaffolds of gyroid unit cells of different sizes consisting of a Ti6Al4V alloy were manufactured additively by electron beam melting (EBM). The scaffolds were analysed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to determine their morphological characteristics and, subsequently, subjected to mechanical tests to investigate their quasi-static compressive properties and fatigue resistance. All scaffolds showed an average open porosity of 71-81%, with an average pore size of 0.64-1.41 mm, depending on the investigated design. The design with the smallest unit cell shows the highest quasi-elastic gradient (QEG) as well as the highest compressive offset stress and compression strength. Furthermore, the fatigue resistance of all unit cell size (UCS) variations showed promising results. In detail, the smallest unit cells achieved fatigue strength at 106 cycles at 45% of their compressive offset stress, which is comparatively good for additively manufactured porous biomaterials. In summary, it is demonstrated that the mechanical properties can be significantly modified by varying the unit cell size, thus enabling the scaffolds to be specifically tailored to avoid stress shielding and ensure implant safety. Together with the morphological properties of the gyroid unit cells, the fabricated scaffolds represent a promising approach for use as a bone substitute material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Polley
- Chair of Microfluidics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - W Radlof
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - F Hauschulz
- Chair of Microfluidics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Benz
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Sander
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - H Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Brechin V, Shinohara F, Saito JI, Seitz H, Tomari Y. Mechanistic analysis of the enhanced RNAi activity by 6-mCEPh-purine at the 5' end of the siRNA guide strand. RNA 2021; 27:151-162. [PMID: 33177187 PMCID: PMC7812867 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073775.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A key approach for improving siRNA efficacy is chemical modifications. Through an in silico screening of modifications at the 5'-end nucleobase of the guide strand, an adenine-derived compound called 6-(3-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)-purine (6-mCEPh-purine) was identified to improve the RNAi activity in cultured human cells and in vivo mouse models. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how this chemical modification enhances the siRNA potency. Here, we used a series of biochemical approaches to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the 6-mCEPh-purine modification at each step in the assembly of the RNAi effector complex called RISC. We found that the modification improves the formation of mature RISC at least in two different ways, by fixing the loading orientation of siRNA duplexes and increasing the stability of mature RISC after passenger strand ejection. Our data will provide a molecular platform for further development of chemically modified siRNA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Brechin
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Shinohara
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Saito
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Yukihide Tomari
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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9
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Weizel A, Distler T, Schneidereit D, Friedrich O, Bräuer L, Paulsen F, Detsch R, Boccaccini A, Budday S, Seitz H. Complex mechanical behavior of human articular cartilage and hydrogels for cartilage repair. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:113-128. [PMID: 33080391 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of cartilage tissue plays a crucial role in physiological mechanotransduction processes of chondrocytes and pathological changes like osteoarthritis. Therefore, intensive research activities focus on the identification of implant substitute materials that mechanically mimic the cartilage extracellular matrix. This, however, requires a thorough understanding of the complex mechanical behavior of both native cartilage and potential substitute materials to treat cartilage lesions. Here, we perform complex multi-modal mechanical analyses of human articular cartilage and two surrogate materials, commercially available ChondroFillerliquid, and oxidized alginate-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogels. We show that all materials exhibit nonlinearity and compression-tension asymmetry. However, while hyaline cartilage yields higher stresses in tension than in compression, ChondroFillerliquid and ADA-GEL exhibit the opposite trend. These characteristics can be attributed to the materials' underlying microstructure: Both cartilage and ChondroFillerliquid contain fibrillar components, but the latter constitutes a bi-phasic structure, where the 60% nonfibrillar hydrogel proportion dominates the mechanical response. Of all materials, ChondroFillerliquid shows the most pronounced viscous effects. The present study provides important insights into the microstructure-property relationship of cartilage substitute materials, with vital implications for mechanically-driven material design in cartilage engineering. In addition, we provide a data set to create mechanical simulation models in the future.
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10
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Hebras J, Marty V, Personnaz J, Mercier P, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Aguirrebengoa M, Seitz H, Pradere JP, Guiard BP, Cavaille J. Reassessment of the involvement of Snord115 in the serotonin 2c receptor pathway in a genetically relevant mouse model. eLife 2020; 9:60862. [PMID: 33016258 PMCID: PMC7673782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SNORD115 has been proposed to promote the activity of serotonin (HTR2C) receptor via its ability to base pair with its pre-mRNA and regulate alternative RNA splicing and/or A-to-I RNA editing. Because SNORD115 genes are deleted in most patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), diminished HTR2C receptor activity could contribute to the impaired emotional response and/or compulsive overeating characteristic of this disease. In order to test this appealing but never demonstrated hypothesis in vivo, we created a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Snord115 knockout mouse. Surprisingly, we uncovered only modest region-specific alterations in Htr2c RNA editing profiles, while Htr2c alternative RNA splicing was unchanged. These subtle changes, whose functional relevance remains uncertain, were not accompanied by any discernible defects in anxio-depressive-like phenotypes. Energy balance and eating behavior were also normal, even after exposure to high-fat diet. Our study raises questions concerning the physiological role of SNORD115, notably its involvement in behavioural disturbance associated with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Hebras
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Personnaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Mercier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marion Aguirrebengoa
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- IGH (CNRS and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Phillipe Pradere
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cavaille
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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11
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Hebras J, Marty V, Personnaz J, Mercier P, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Aguirrebengoa M, Seitz H, Pradere JP, Guiard BP, Cavaille J. Re-assessment of the involvement of Snord115 in the serotonin 2C receptor pathway in a genetically relevant mouse model. eLife 2020. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.62018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SNORD115 has been proposed to promote the activity of serotonin (HTR2C) receptor via its ability to base-pair with its pre-mRNA and regulate alternative RNA splicing and/or A-to-I RNA editing. Because SNORD115 genes are deleted in most patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), diminished HTR2C receptor activity could contribute to the impaired emotional response and/or compulsive overeating characteristic of this disease. In order to test this appealing but never demonstrated hypothesis in vivo, we created a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Snord115 knockout mouse. Surprisingly, we uncovered only modest region-specific alterations in Htr2c RNA editing profiles while Htr2c alternative RNA splicing was unchanged. These subtle changes, whose functional relevance remains uncertain, were not accompanied by any discernible defects in anxio-depressive-like phenotypes. Energy balance and eating behaviour were also normal, even after exposure to high fat diet. Our study raises questions concerning the physiological role of SNORD115, notably its involvement in behavioural disturbance associated with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Richard P, Feng S, Tsai YL, Li W, Rinchetti P, Muhith U, Irizarry-Cole J, Stolz K, Sanz LA, Hartono S, Hoque M, Tadesse S, Seitz H, Lotti F, Hirano M, Chédin F, Tian B, Manley JL. SETX (senataxin), the helicase mutated in AOA2 and ALS4, functions in autophagy regulation. Autophagy 2020; 17:1889-1906. [PMID: 32686621 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1796292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETX (senataxin) is an RNA/DNA helicase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and the DNA damage response through resolution of R-loop structures. Mutations in SETX result in either of two distinct neurodegenerative disorders. SETX dominant mutations result in a juvenile form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) called ALS4, whereas recessive mutations are responsible for ataxia called ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). How mutations in the same protein can lead to different phenotypes is still unclear. To elucidate AOA2 disease mechanisms, we first examined gene expression changes following SETX depletion. We observed the effects on both transcription and RNA processing, but surprisingly observed decreased R-loop accumulation in SETX-depleted cells. Importantly, we discovered a strong connection between SETX and the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, reflecting a direct effect on transcription of autophagy genes. We show that SETX depletion inhibits the progression of autophagy, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, decreased ability to clear protein aggregates, as well as mitochondrial defects. Analysis of AOA2 patient fibroblasts also revealed a perturbation of the autophagy pathway. Our work has thus identified a novel function for SETX in the regulation of autophagy, whose modulation may have a therapeutic impact for AOA2.Abbreviations: 3'READS: 3' region extraction and deep sequencing; ACTB: actin beta; ALS4: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; AOA2: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2; APA: alternative polyadenylation; AS: alternative splicing; ATG7: autophagy-related 7; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; ChIP: chromatin IP; Chloro: chloroquine; CPT: camptothecin; DDR: DNA damage response; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; DRIP: DNA/RNA IP; DSBs: double strand breaks; EBs: embryoid bodies; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GO: gene ontology; HR: homologous recombination; HTT: huntingtin; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; KD: knockdown; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MN: motor neuron; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PASS: PolyA Site Supporting; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RNAPII: RNA polymerase II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia; SETX: senataxin; SMA: spinal muscular atrophy; SMN1: survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSS: transcription start site; TTS: transcription termination site; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WB: western blot; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; XRN2: 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Richard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Stellate Therapeutics, JLABS @ NYC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yueh-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Paola Rinchetti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ubayed Muhith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Irizarry-Cole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharine Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stella Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Gene Expression and Regulation Program, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Seitz
- IGH, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Rekowska N, Teske M, Arbeiter D, Brietzke A, Konasch J, Riess A, Mau R, Eickner T, Seitz H, Grabow N. Biocompatibility and thermodynamic properties of PEGDA and two of its copolymer. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1093-1096. [PMID: 31946084 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the last years substantial effort was taken in order to provide an effective and safe pharmacotherapy that can be adjusted to the individual needs of patients. Stereolithography is a simple and accurate additive manufacturing technology. According to these characteristics, it may offer unique opportunities for the industrial fabrication of structured drug delivery systems (DDS), which can be tailored to individual needs. During the stereolithographic process photopolymerizable biomaterial is transformed, layer by layer, into the designed polymer DDS. Combined with inkjet printing in an innovative 3D building system it enables selective and precise incorporation of the drug depot into the basic body of the DDS. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a hydrophilic and low-immunogenic compound, is a suitable material as drug depot in a photopolymerizable basic biomaterial for this purpose. By combination of PEGDA with other acrylates, the physical properties of the DDS can be adjusted towards the desired characteristics. Therefore, it should be possible to modify the drug release profile through the positioning of drug depots and the diffusion of the drug and adjust it for a wide range of applications. In this study we investigated basic biological and thermodynamic properties of conventionally photocured systems consisting of PEGDA and its coacrylates: 1,3-butanediol diacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. Our preliminary outcomes demonstrate the hydrophilic character of the samples and the importance of a rinsing process. They also show that the addition of different amounts of co-monomers influence the glass transition temperature, which increases with increasing content of coacrylate. Therefore, PEGDA/comonomer composition can be used as a tool for the modification of drug release properties. Consequently, these materials may be regarded as interesting and promising components for DDS via novel additive manufacturing with the ability of highly controlled drug release.
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15
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Weizel A, Zimmermann J, Riess A, Kruger S, Bader R, Rienen UV, Seitz H. Numerical simulation of the electric field distribution in an electrical stimulation device for scaffolds settled with cartilaginous cells. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:6481-6484. [PMID: 31947326 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is a promising approach to enhance cell viability and differentiation. We aim to develop a stimulation device for the investigation and realization of cartilaginous cell engineering. The stimulation setup is capable of applying well-defined electric fields to several scaffolds at the same time. The setup consists of a flat plate with multiple test tubes for the scaffolds. A flexible printed circuit board containing a separate pair of electrodes for each tube is fixed at the bottom of the plate. In this context, numerical simulation using Finite Element Method (FEM) is a valuable tool to gain a better understanding of the electric field distribution in such devices. The thin insulating layer of the flexible printed circuit board allows sufficient field strength to be achieved at moderate input voltages but presents challenges for modelling. In simulations, thin layers would usually require a fine discretization with many degrees of freedom (DOF). This leads to large models, which are expensive regarding memory and computation time. Based on the 'contact impedance' boundary condition available in COMSOL Multiphysics® 5.4, an alternative approach is proposed that can model thin layers in capacitively coupled setups. The resulting electric field distribution in the new stimulation setup is presented and discussed.
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16
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Amar L, Seitz H. Editorial: miRNA Regulatory Pathways in Metazoans. Advances From in vivo and ex vivo Studies. Front Genet 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30886628 PMCID: PMC6409324 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Amar
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake, Institute of Neuroscience Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR 9197 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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17
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Pinzón N, Bertrand S, Subirana L, Busseau I, Escrivá H, Seitz H. Functional lability of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in animals. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007915. [PMID: 30779744 PMCID: PMC6396948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) in many eukaryotes, and RNAi amplification constitutes the only known function for eukaryotic RdRPs. Yet in animals, classical model organisms can elicit RNAi without possessing RdRPs, and only nematode RNAi was shown to require RdRPs. Here we show that RdRP genes are much more common in animals than previously thought, even in insects, where they had been assumed not to exist. RdRP genes were present in the ancestors of numerous clades, and they were subsequently lost at a high frequency. In order to probe the function of RdRPs in a deuterostome (the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum), we performed high-throughput analyses of small RNAs from various Branchiostoma developmental stages. Our results show that Branchiostoma RdRPs do not appear to participate in RNAi: we did not detect any candidate small RNA population exhibiting classical siRNA length or sequence features. Our results show that RdRPs have been independently lost in dozens of animal clades, and even in a clade where they have been conserved (cephalochordates) their function in RNAi amplification is not preserved. Such a dramatic functional variability reveals an unexpected plasticity in RNA silencing pathways. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene regulation system in eukaryotes. In non-animal eukaryotes, it necessitates RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (“RdRPs”). Among animals, only nematodes appear to require RdRPs for RNAi. Yet additional animal clades have RdRPs and it is assumed that they participate in RNAi. Here, we find that RdRPs are much more common in animals than previously thought, but their genes were independently lost in many lineages. Focusing on a species with RdRP genes (a cephalochordate), we found that it does not use them for RNAi. While RNAi is the only known function for eukaryotic RdRPs, our results suggest additional roles. Eukaryotic RdRPs thus have a complex evolutionary history in animals, with frequent independent losses and apparent functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pinzón
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and université de Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Stéphanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lucie Subirana
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Isabelle Busseau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and université de Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Hector Escrivá
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and université de Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
MicroRNAs and their Argonaute protein partners constitute the RISC complex, which can repress specific target mRNAs. The identification of microRNA targets is of central importance, and various experimental and computational methods have been developed over the last 15 years. Most experimental methods are based on the assumption that mRNAs which interact physically with the RISC complex constitute regulatory targets and, similarly, some computational methods only aim at predicting physical interactors for RISC. Besides specific limitations, which we discuss for each method, the mere concept of assuming a functional role for every detected molecular event is likely to identify many deceptive interactions (i.e., interactions that really exist at the molecular scale, but without controlling any biological function at the macroscopic scale).In order to select biologically important interactions, some computational tools interrogate the phylogenetic conservation of microRNA/mRNA interactions, thus theoretically selecting only biologically relevant targets. Yet even comparative genomics can yield false positives.Conceptual and technical limitations for all these techniques tend to be overlooked by the scientific community. This review sums them up, emphasizing on the implications of these issues on our understanding of microRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mockly
- IGH (CNRS and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- IGH (CNRS and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France.
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19
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Buesen R, Chorley BN, da Silva Lima B, Daston G, Deferme L, Ebbels T, Gant TW, Goetz A, Greally J, Gribaldo L, Hackermüller J, Hubesch B, Jennen D, Johnson K, Kanno J, Kauffmann HM, Laffont M, McMullen P, Meehan R, Pemberton M, Perdichizzi S, Piersma AH, Sauer UG, Schmidt K, Seitz H, Sumida K, Tollefsen KE, Tong W, Tralau T, van Ravenzwaay B, Weber RJM, Worth A, Yauk C, Poole A. Applying 'omics technologies in chemicals risk assessment: Report of an ECETOC workshop. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91 Suppl 1:S3-S13. [PMID: 28958911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prevailing knowledge gaps in linking specific molecular changes to apical outcomes and methodological uncertainties in the generation, storage, processing, and interpretation of 'omics data limit the application of 'omics technologies in regulatory toxicology. Against this background, the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) convened a workshop Applying 'omics technologies in chemicals risk assessment that is reported herein. Ahead of the workshop, multi-expert teams drafted frameworks on best practices for (i) a Good-Laboratory Practice-like context for collecting, storing and curating 'omics data; (ii) the processing of 'omics data; and (iii) weight-of-evidence approaches for integrating 'omics data. The workshop participants confirmed the relevance of these Frameworks to facilitate the regulatory applicability and use of 'omics data, and the workshop discussions provided input for their further elaboration. Additionally, the key objective (iv) to establish approaches to connect 'omics perturbations to phenotypic alterations was addressed. Generally, it was considered promising to strive to link gene expression changes and pathway perturbations to the phenotype by mapping them to specific adverse outcome pathways. While further work is necessary before gene expression changes can be used to establish safe levels of substance exposure, the ECETOC workshop provided important incentives towards achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Ebbels
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy W Gant
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Public Health England (PHE), United Kingdom
| | | | - John Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, USA
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Italy
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
| | | | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jun Kanno
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | | | - Madeleine Laffont
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Belgium
| | | | - Richard Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefania Perdichizzi
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands; IRAS Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humain (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), France
| | | | | | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA
| | - Tewes Tralau
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Germany
| | | | - Ralf J M Weber
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Italy
| | - Carole Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Alan Poole
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Belgium.
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20
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Eckenfelder A, Ségéral E, Pinzón N, Ulveling D, Amadori C, Charpentier M, Nidelet S, Concordet JP, Zagury JF, Paillart JC, Berlioz-Torrent C, Seitz H, Emiliani S, Gallois-Montbrun S. Argonaute proteins regulate HIV-1 multiply spliced RNA and viral production in a Dicer independent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4158-4173. [PMID: 28003477 PMCID: PMC5397155 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Argonaute (Ago) proteins associate with microRNAs (miRNAs) to form the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing of target mRNAs. As key players in anti-viral defense, Ago proteins are thought to have the ability to interact with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA. However, the role of this interaction in regulating HIV-1 replication has been debated. Here, we used high throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) to explore the interaction between Ago2 and HIV-1 RNA in infected cells. By only considering reads of 50 nucleotides length in our analysis, we identified more than 30 distinct binding sites for Ago2 along the viral RNA genome. Using reporter assays, we found four binding sites, located near splice donor sites, capable of repressing Luciferase gene expression in an Ago-dependent manner. Furthermore, inhibition of Ago1 and Ago2 levels in cells expressing HIV-1 led to an increase of viral multiply spliced transcripts and to a strong reduction in the extracellular CAp24 level. Depletion of Dicer did not affect these activities. Our results highlight a new role of Ago proteins in the control of multiply spliced HIV-1 transcript levels and viral production, independently of the miRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Eckenfelder
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Emmanuel Ségéral
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Natalia Pinzón
- CNRS, UPR 1142, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Montpellier 34396, France
| | - Damien Ulveling
- CNAM, Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications (EA 4627), Paris 75003, France
| | - Céline Amadori
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Marine Charpentier
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75231, France
| | - Sabine Nidelet
- Plateforme MGX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR5203, INSERM, U661, Montpellier 34094, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM, U1154, CNRS, UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75231, France
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- CNAM, Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications (EA 4627), Paris 75003, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Paillart
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- CNRS, UPR 1142, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Montpellier 34396, France
| | - Stéphane Emiliani
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Sarah Gallois-Montbrun
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
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21
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Abstract
microRNAs are currently believed to control a large diversity of physiologic processes, through the collective repression of thousands of target genes. Both experimental and computational analyses indeed suggest that each microRNA regulates tens or hundreds of genes. But some observations suggest that the phenotypic consequences of many published miRNA/mRNA interactions are dubious. For example, the reported amplitude of miRNA-guided repression is very small, while biologic processes tend to be robust to small changes in gene expression. We recently showed, on one particular miRNA, that for most predicted targets, miRNA-guided repression is even smaller than inter-individual variability among wild-type specimens. We also put forward several sources of computational false positives. These issues are generally neglected by the scientific community, probably resulting in the frequent publication of irreproducible or misinterpreted results regarding microRNA function. We propose novel types of analyses, easily accessible to the community, that could help improve microRNA target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Seitz
- a Institut de Génétique Humaine UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier , 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier CEDEX 5 , France
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22
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Rodríguez-Martínez M, Pinzón N, Ghommidh C, Beyne E, Seitz H, Cayrou C, Méchali M. The gastrula transition reorganizes replication-origin selection in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:290-299. [PMID: 28112731 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although some features underlying replication-origin activation in metazoan cells have been determined, little is known about their regulation during metazoan development. Using the nascent-strand purification method, here we identified replication origins throughout Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic development and found that the origin repertoire is thoroughly reorganized after gastrulation onset. During the pluripotent embryonic stages (pregastrula), potential cruciform structures and open chromatin are determining factors that establish replication origins. The observed enrichment of replication origins in transcription factor-binding sites and their presence in promoters of highly transcribed genes, particularly operons, suggest that transcriptional activity contributes to replication initiation before gastrulation. After the gastrula transition, when embryonic differentiation programs are set, new origins are selected at enhancers, close to CpG-island-like sequences, and at noncoding genes. Our findings suggest that origin selection coordinates replication initiation with transcriptional programs during metazoan development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Ghommidh
- Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hervé Seitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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23
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24
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25
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Pinzón N, Li B, Martinez L, Sergeeva A, Presumey J, Apparailly F, Seitz H. microRNA target prediction programs predict many false positives. Genome Res 2016; 27:234-245. [PMID: 28148562 PMCID: PMC5287229 DOI: 10.1101/gr.205146.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the current view, each microRNA regulates hundreds of genes. Computational tools aim at identifying microRNA targets, usually selecting evolutionarily conserved microRNA binding sites. While the false positive rates have been evaluated for some prediction programs, that information is rarely put forward in studies making use of their predictions. Here, we provide evidence that such predictions are often biologically irrelevant. Focusing on miR-223-guided repression, we observed that it is often smaller than inter-individual variability in gene expression among wild-type mice, suggesting that most predicted targets are functionally insensitive to that microRNA. Furthermore, we found that human haplo-insufficient genes tend to bear the most highly conserved microRNA binding sites. It thus appears that biological functionality of microRNA binding sites depends on the dose-sensitivity of their host gene and that, conversely, it is unlikely that every predicted microRNA target is dose-sensitive enough to be functionally regulated by microRNAs. We also observed that some mRNAs can efficiently titrate microRNAs, providing a reason for microRNA binding site conservation for inefficiently repressed targets. Finally, many conserved microRNA binding sites are conserved in a microRNA-independent fashion: Sequence elements may be conserved for other reasons, while being fortuitously complementary to microRNAs. Collectively, our data suggest that the role of microRNAs in normal and pathological conditions has been overestimated due to the frequent overlooking of false positive rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pinzón
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Blaise Li
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Martinez
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Sergeeva
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Jessy Presumey
- INSERM, U1183, IRMB, University Hospital St Éloi, 34295 Montpellier, France.,University of Medicine, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Apparailly
- INSERM, U1183, IRMB, University Hospital St Éloi, 34295 Montpellier, France.,University of Medicine, 34060 Montpellier, France.,Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases, University Hospital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
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26
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Hoffmann S, Clauss S, Berger IM, Weiß B, Montalbano A, Röth R, Bucher M, Klier I, Wakili R, Seitz H, Schulze-Bahr E, Katus HA, Flachsbart F, Nebel A, Guenther SP, Bagaev E, Rottbauer W, Kääb S, Just S, Rappold GA. Coding and non-coding variants in the SHOX2 gene in patients with early-onset atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:36. [PMID: 27138930 PMCID: PMC4853439 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia with a strong genetic component. Molecular pathways involving the homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 control the development and function of the cardiac conduction system in mouse and zebrafish. Here we report the analysis of human SHOX2 as a potential susceptibility gene for early-onset AF. To identify causal variants and define the underlying mechanisms, results from 378 patients with early-onset AF before the age of 60 years were analyzed and compared to 1870 controls or reference datasets. We identified two missense mutations (p.G81E, p.H283Q), that were predicted as damaging. Transactivation studies using SHOX2 targets and phenotypic rescue experiments in zebrafish demonstrated that the p.H283Q mutation severely affects SHOX2 pacemaker function. We also demonstrate an association between a 3'UTR variant c.*28T>C of SHOX2 and AF (p = 0.00515). Patients carrying this variant present significantly longer PR intervals. Mechanistically, this variant creates a functional binding site for hsa-miR-92b-5p. Circulating hsa-miR-92b-5p plasma levels were significantly altered in AF patients carrying the 3'UTR variant (p = 0.0095). Finally, we demonstrate significantly reduced SHOX2 expression levels in right atrial appendages of AF patients compared to patients with sinus rhythm. Together, these results suggest a genetic contribution of SHOX2 in early-onset AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Weiß
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonino Montalbano
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Röth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madeline Bucher
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Klier
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de génétique humaine (CNRS UPR 1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabina Pw Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Bagaev
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Royo H, Seitz H, ElInati E, Peters AHFM, Stadler MB, Turner JMA. Silencing of X-Linked MicroRNAs by Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005461. [PMID: 26509798 PMCID: PMC4624941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the pachytene stage of meiosis in male mammals, the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced by Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). MSCI is conserved in therian mammals and is essential for normal male fertility. Transcriptomics approaches have demonstrated that in mice, most or all protein-coding genes on the X chromosome are subject to MSCI. However, it is unclear whether X-linked non-coding RNAs behave in a similar manner. The X chromosome is enriched in microRNA (miRNA) genes, with many exhibiting testis-biased expression. Importantly, high expression levels of X-linked miRNAs (X-miRNAs) have been reported in pachytene spermatocytes, indicating that these genes may escape MSCI, and perhaps play a role in the XY-silencing process. Here we use RNA FISH to examine X-miRNA expression in the male germ line. We find that, like protein-coding X-genes, X-miRNAs are expressed prior to prophase I and are thereafter silenced during pachynema. X-miRNA silencing does not occur in mouse models with defective MSCI. Furthermore, X-miRNAs are expressed at pachynema when present as autosomally integrated transgenes. Thus, we conclude that silencing of X-miRNAs during pachynema in wild type males is MSCI-dependent. Importantly, misexpression of X-miRNAs during pachynema causes spermatogenic defects. We propose that MSCI represents a chromosomal mechanism by which X-miRNAs, and other potential X-encoded repressors, can be silenced, thereby regulating genes with critical late spermatogenic functions. During male germ cell formation, the X and the Y chromosomes are inactivated. This process is conserved and it is essential for germ cell generation. It is believed that X/Y silencing affects all protein-coding genes, but the status of miRNAs and other non-coding genes needs further investigation. MicroRNAs from the X-chromosome (X-miRNAs) have been reported as potential silencing escapers, and they have been proposed to play a role in the inactivation mechanism itself. By looking at the individual cell level, we show unambiguously that X-miRNAs are subject to X/Y silencing, a finding that contradicts the current literature. Moreover, we generated mouse mutants in which we forced expression of X-miRNAs during X/Y silencing, and this lead to germ cell death. We propose that X/Y silencing can influence transcription of essential germ cell genes by regulating X-repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Royo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Elias ElInati
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael B. Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James M. A. Turner
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Seitz H, Mueller S, Rausch V. SY05ALCOHOL AND CANCERSY05-1CARCINOGENIC ETHENO DNA ADDUCTS GENERATED DURING INFLAMMATION AND CYP2E1 INDUCTION IN VARIOUS TISSUES FOLLOWING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv076.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Tarver JE, Cormier A, Pinzón N, Taylor RS, Carré W, Strittmatter M, Seitz H, Coelho SM, Cock JM. microRNAs and the evolution of complex multicellularity: identification of a large, diverse complement of microRNAs in the brown alga Ectocarpus. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6384-98. [PMID: 26101255 PMCID: PMC4513859 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently convincing evidence that microRNAs have evolved independently in at least six different eukaryotic lineages: animals, land plants, chlorophyte green algae, demosponges, slime molds and brown algae. MicroRNAs from different lineages are not homologous but some structural features are strongly conserved across the eukaryotic tree allowing the application of stringent criteria to identify novel microRNA loci. A large set of 63 microRNA families was identified in the brown alga Ectocarpus based on mapping of RNA-seq data and nine microRNAs were confirmed by northern blotting. The Ectocarpus microRNAs are highly diverse at the sequence level with few multi-gene families, and do not tend to occur in clusters but exhibit some highly conserved structural features such as the presence of a uracil at the first residue. No homologues of Ectocarpus microRNAs were found in other stramenopile genomes indicating that they emerged late in stramenopile evolution and are perhaps specific to the brown algae. The large number of microRNA loci in Ectocarpus is consistent with the developmental complexity of many brown algal species and supports a proposed link between the emergence and expansion of microRNA regulatory systems and the evolution of complex multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Tarver
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK Genome Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, The National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Cormier
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Natalia Pinzón
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Richard S Taylor
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Martina Strittmatter
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
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30
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Chambeyron S, Seitz H. Insect small non-coding RNA involved in epigenetic regulations. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2014; 1:1-9. [PMID: 32846724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs can not only guide post-transcriptional repression of target genes, but some of them can also direct heterochromatin formation of specific genomic loci. Here we review the published literature on small RNA-guided epigenetic regulation in insects. The recent development of novel analytical technologies (deep sequencing and RNAi screens) has led to the identification of some of the factors involved in these processes, as well as their molecular mechanism and subcellular localization. Other findings uncovered an additional mode of epigenetic control, where maternally inherited small RNAs can affect phenotypes in a stable, transgenerational manner. The evolutive history of small RNA effector proteins in insects suggests that these two modes of regulation are variably conserved among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Chambeyron
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPR 1142, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPR 1142, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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31
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Schumacher S, Victor T, Seitz H. Detection of antibiotic resistances of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on DNA microarrays. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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32
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Abstract
In bilaterians, which comprise most of extant animals, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the majority of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) via base-pairing of a short sequence (the miRNA “seed”) to the target, subsequently promoting translational inhibition and transcript instability. In plants, many miRNAs guide endonucleolytic cleavage of highly complementary targets. Because little is known about miRNA function in nonbilaterian animals, we investigated the repertoire and biological activity of miRNAs in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a representative of Cnidaria, the sister phylum of Bilateria. Our work uncovers scores of novel miRNAs in Nematostella, increasing the total miRNA gene count to 87. Yet only a handful are conserved in corals and hydras, suggesting that microRNA gene turnover in Cnidaria greatly exceeds that of other metazoan groups. We further show that Nematostella miRNAs frequently direct the cleavage of their mRNA targets via nearly perfect complementarity. This mode of action resembles that of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and plant miRNAs. It appears to be common in Cnidaria, as several of the miRNA target sites are conserved among distantly related anemone species, and we also detected miRNA-directed cleavage in Hydra. Unlike in bilaterians, Nematostella miRNAs are commonly coexpressed with their target transcripts. In light of these findings, we propose that post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs functions differently in Cnidaria and Bilateria. The similar, siRNA-like mode of action of miRNAs in Cnidaria and plants suggests that this may be an ancestral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu Moran
- Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Center for Organismal Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Lochbrunner S, Vehse M, Seitz H, Klinkenberg ED, Meiwes-Broer KH. Machining of Biocompatible Ceramics with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4093/bmt-2013-4093.xml. [PMID: 24042670 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cornelsen M, Petersen S, Dietsch K, Rudolph A, Schmitz K, Sternberg K, Seitz H. Infiltration of 3D printed tricalciumphosphate scaffolds with biodegradable polymers and biomolecules for local drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4090/bmt-2013-4090.xml. [PMID: 24042685 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Tsukamoto H, Stickel F, Seitz H, Rao R, Gangwar R, Samak G, Mir H, Chaudhry K, Manda B, Nagy L, Sood A, Nagy L, Chiang D, Roychowdhury S. S13 * MULTIPLE HITS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Szabo G, Dooley S, Mueller S, Seitz H, Bataller R, Sanyal A, Caravati C. S04 * ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS ESBRA & NIAAA JOINT SYMPOSIUM. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Schuckit M, O'Brien C, Seitz H, De Witte P. PL1 * FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL OF RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ALCOHOLISM: FROM IDEA TO PREVENTION. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wurst F, Allen J, Thon N, Litten R, Dom G, Seitz H, Bobes J, Preuss U. S22 * LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE SYMPOSIUM OF THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF ADDICTION SOCIETES (EUFAS) II. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska M, Laurans L, Jurczyk K, Lachtara M, Kornak D, Dooley S, Hofmann S, Rakoczy P, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Meyer C, Stickel F, Patsenker E, Buch S, Hampe J, Datz C, Seitz H, Trabut JB, Gagni C, Patel V, Mueller S, Rausch V, Peccerella T, Seitz H, Stickel F, Yagmur E, Herzig S, Longerich T, Mueller S, Yagmur E, Seitz H, Stickel F, Longerich T, Bantel H, Houchi H, Nguyen-Khac E, Dreher ML, Naassila M, Borodinsky A, Razvodovsky Y. ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE. Alcohol Alcohol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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40
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Wojnar M, Klimkiewicz A, Seitz H. 14th Congress of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA) September 8-11, 2013 Warsaw, Poland. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48 Suppl 1:i1-63. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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41
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Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (microRNAs, siRNAs, and piRNAs) exhibit several unique features that clearly distinguish them from other known gene regulators. Their genomic organization, mode of action, and proposed biological functions raise specific questions. In this review, we focus on the quantitative aspect of small regulatory RNA biology. The original nature of these small RNAs accelerated the development of novel detection techniques and improved statistical methods and promoted new concepts that may unexpectedly generalize to other gene regulators. Quantification of natural phenomena is at the core of scientific practice, and the unique challenges raised by small regulatory RNAs have prompted many creative innovations by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sergeeva
- IGH du CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France.
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42
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Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Meiwes-Broer KH, Vehse M, Seitz H, Senz V, Sternberg K, Lochbrunner S. Machining of Biocompatible Polymers with Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4085/bmt-2013-4085.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Drescher P, Wilmes B, Dangers M, Rübenhagen R, Seitz H. Comparison of Elisa Sensitivity Relating to Manual and Low-Pressure Loading of the Fluidic Test Device. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-F/bmt-2013-4152/bmt-2013-4152.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schütz F, Maleika A, Poeschl J, Domschke C, Seitz H, Beuter-Winkler P, Sohn C. Partnerships between Medical Centres and General Hospitals Providing Normal Care Standards in Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Germany. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2012; 72:922-926. [PMID: 25308978 PMCID: PMC4168358 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital managers and the heads of medical departments are nowadays being faced with ever increasing demands. It is becoming difficult for some small hospitals to find highly experienced or even experienced medical staff, to provide specific health-care services at break-even prices and to maintain their position in competition with other hospitals. On the other hand, large hospitals are facing enormous pressure in the investment and costs fields. Cooperation could provide a solution for these problems. For an optimal strategic exploitation of the hospitals, their direction could be placed in the hands of a joint medical director. However, the directorship of two hospitals is associated both with opportunities and with risks. The present article illustrates the widely differing aspects of the cooperation between a medical centre and a general hospital providing standard care from both a theoretical point of view and on the basis of practical experience with an actual cooperation of this type in Heidelberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Schütz
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - A. Maleika
- Gynäkologie & Geburtshilfe, Krankenhaus Salem, Heidelberg
| | - J. Poeschl
- Universitätskinderklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - C. Domschke
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - H. Seitz
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Salem, Heidelberg
| | | | - C. Sohn
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
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Becker S, Bolte H, Schünemann K, Seitz H, Bara J, Beck-Broichsitter B, Russo P, Wiltfang J, Warnke P. Endocultivation: the influence of delayed vs. simultaneous application of BMP-2 onto individually formed hydroxyapatite matrices for heterotopic bone induction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Abstract
In most bacteria, the timing and synchrony of initiation of chromosomal replication are determined by the binding of the AAA+ protein DnaA to a set of high- and low-affinity sites found within the origin of chromosomal replication (oriC). Despite the large amount of information on the role and regulation of DnaA, the actual structure of the DnaA–oriC complex and the mechanism by which it primes the origin for the initiation of replication remain unclear. In this study, we have performed magnetic tweezers experiments to investigate the structural properties of the DnaA–oriC complex. We show that the DnaA-ATP–oriC complex adopts a right-handed helical conformation involving a variable amount of DNA and protein whose features fit qualitatively as well as quantitatively with an existing model based on the crystal structure of a truncated DnaA tetramer obtained in the absence of DNA. We also investigate the topological effect of oriC’s DNA unwinding element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Zorman
- Institut Jacques Monod, CN RS UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
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Vehse M, Löbler M, Schmitz KP, Seitz H. Laser induced surface structure on stainless steel influences cell viability. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vehse M, Gieseke M, Fiedler S, Petersen S, Irsig R, Senz V, Löbler M, Hustedt M, Kaierle S, Haferkamp H, Sternberg K, Schmitz KP, Lochbrunner S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Seitz H. Loading method for discrete drug depots on implant surfaces. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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