1
|
Shay D, Welly R, Mao J, Kinkade J, Brown JK, Rosenfeld CS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Knockdown of Esr1 from DRD1-Rich Brain Regions Affects Adipose Tissue Metabolism: Potential Crosstalk between Nucleus Accumbens and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6130. [PMID: 38892320 PMCID: PMC11172510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Declining estrogen (E2) leads to physical inactivity and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction. Mechanisms are not fully understood, but E2's effects on dopamine (DA) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) brain region may mediate changes in mood and voluntary physical activity (PA). Our prior work revealed that loss of E2 robustly affected NAc DA-related gene expression, and the pattern correlated with sedentary behavior and visceral fat. The current study used a new transgenic mouse model (D1ERKO) to determine whether the abolishment of E2 receptor alpha (ERα) signaling within DA-rich brain regions affects PA and AT metabolism. Adult male and female wild-type (WT) and D1ERKO (KD) mice were assessed for body composition, energy intake (EE), spontaneous PA (SPA), and energy expenditure (EE); underwent glucose tolerance testing; and were assessed for blood biochemistry. Perigonadal white AT (PGAT), brown AT (BAT), and NAc brain regions were assessed for genes and proteins associated with DA, E2 signaling, and metabolism; AT sections were also assessed for uncoupling protein (UCP1). KD mice had greater lean mass and EE (genotype effects) and a visible change in BAT phenotype characterized by increased UCP1 staining and lipid depletion, an effect seen only among females. Female KD had higher NAc Oprm1 transcript levels and greater PGAT UCP1. This group tended to have improved glucose tolerance (p = 0.07). NAc suppression of Esr1 does not appear to affect PA, yet it may directly affect metabolism. This work may lead to novel targets to improve metabolic dysfunction following E2 loss, possibly by targeting the NAc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dusti Shay
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Jessica Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Joshua K. Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu SM, Heather LC, Chuaiphichai S, Nicol T, Wright B, Miossec M, Bendall JK, Douglas G, Crabtree MJ, Channon KM. Cardiomyocyte tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis regulates fatty acid metabolism and susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:874-890. [PMID: 37184360 PMCID: PMC10988529 DOI: 10.1113/ep090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the physiological roles of cardiomyocyte-derived tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in cardiac metabolism and stress response? What is the main finding and its importance? Cardiomyocyte BH4 has a physiological role in cardiac metabolism. There was a shift of substrate preference from fatty acid to glucose in hearts with targeted deletion of BH4 synthesis. The changes in fatty-acid metabolic profile were associated with a protective effect in response to ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and reduced infarct size. Manipulating fatty acid metabolism via BH4 availability could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury. ABSTRACT Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases in which its production of NO is crucial for cardiac function. However, non-canonical roles of BH4 have been discovered recently and the cell-specific role of cardiomyocyte BH4 in cardiac function and metabolism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we developed a novel mouse model of cardiomyocyte BH4 deficiency, by cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Gch1, which encodes guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, a required enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis. Cardiomyocyte (cm)Gch1 mRNA expression and BH4 levels from cmGch1 KO mice were significantly reduced compared to Gch1flox/flox (WT) littermates. Transcriptomic analyses and protein assays revealed downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in cmGch1 KO hearts compared with WT, accompanied by increased triacylglycerol concentration within the myocardium. Deletion of cardiomyocyte BH4 did not alter basal cardiac function. However, the recovery of left ventricle function was improved in cmGch1 KO hearts when subjected to ex vivo ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, with reduced infarct size compared to WT hearts. Metabolomic analyses of cardiac tissue after IR revealed that long-chain fatty acids were increased in cmGch1 KO hearts compared to WT, whereas at 5 min reperfusion (post-35 min ischaemia) fatty acid metabolite levels were higher in WT compared to cmGch1 KO hearts. These results indicate a new role for BH4 in cardiomyocyte fatty acid metabolism, such that reduction of cardiomyocyte BH4 confers a protective effect in response to cardiac IR injury. Manipulating cardiac metabolism via BH4 could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy M. Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Nicol
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benjamin Wright
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthieu Miossec
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jennifer K. Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mark J. Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sailer S, Lackner K, Pras-Raves ML, Wever EJ, van Klinken JB, Dane AD, Geley S, Koch J, Golderer G, Werner-Felmayer G, Keller MA, Zwerschke W, Vaz FM, Werner ER, Watschinger K. Adaptations of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte lipidome to defective ether lipid catabolism upon alkylglycerol monooxygenase knockdown. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100222. [PMID: 35537527 PMCID: PMC9192799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
4
|
Zhu W, Yang D, Chang L, Zhang M, Zhu L, Jiang J. Animal gut microbiome mediates the effects of antibiotic pollution on an artificial freshwater system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127968. [PMID: 34894514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic pollution has become an emerging environmental problem worldwide, but the ecological outcomes remain to be elucidated, especially very little is known about the interactions between antibiotics and different ecological elements. In this study, the long-term influences of three representative antibiotics, i.e., tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole, were investigated focusing on a simplified artificial freshwater system composed of amphibian tadpoles, gut and environmental bacterial and fungi communities, and water parameters. Results demonstrated that antibiotic exposure reduced tadpole's fitness with increased mortality and physiological abnormality, and altered the water quality, particularly the nitrogen homeostasis. Sequential analyses at organism, symbiont, and systematic levels revealed that antibiotics disrupted tadpole metabolome (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism) directly by off-target effects. Antibiotics also reshaped the tadpole gut bacterial and fungi diversity and composition, which partly accounted for the tadpole's health condition. Moreover, changes of tadpole gut microbiome (i.e., Cyanobacteria and Basidiomycota OTUs) partly explained the variations of water parameters. In contrast, environmental microbiota and metagenome stayed relatively stable, and didn't contribute to the environmental variations. These results highlighted the pivotal role of gut microbiome in mediating the effects of antibiotics on the host and the environment, which would extend our understanding on the ecological outcomes caused by antibiotic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Duoli Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sailer S, Coassin S, Lackner K, Fischer C, McNeill E, Streiter G, Kremser C, Maglione M, Green CM, Moralli D, Moschen AR, Keller MA, Golderer G, Werner-Felmayer G, Tegeder I, Channon KM, Davies B, Werner ER, Watschinger K. When the genome bluffs: a tandem duplication event during generation of a novel Agmo knockout mouse model fools routine genotyping. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 33726865 PMCID: PMC7962373 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome editing in mice using either classical approaches like homologous recombination or CRISPR/Cas9 has been reported to harbor off target effects (insertion/deletion, frame shifts or gene segment duplications) that lead to mutations not only in close proximity to the target site but also outside. Only the genomes of few engineered mouse strains have been sequenced. Since the role of the ether-lipid cleaving enzyme alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) in physiology and pathophysiology remains enigmatic, we created a knockout mouse model for AGMO using EUCOMM stem cells but unforeseen genotyping issues that did not agree with Mendelian distribution and enzyme activity data prompted an in-depth genomic validation of the mouse model. Results We report a gene segment tandem duplication event that occurred during the generation of an Agmo knockout-first allele by homologous recombination. Only low homology was seen between the breakpoints. While a single copy of the recombinant 18 kb cassette was integrated correctly around exon 2 of the Agmo gene, whole genome nanopore sequencing revealed a 94 kb duplication in the Agmo locus that contains Agmo wild-type exons 1–3. The duplication fooled genotyping by routine PCR, but could be resolved using qPCR-based genotyping, targeted locus amplification sequencing and nanopore sequencing. Despite this event, this Agmo knockout mouse model lacks AGMO enzyme activity and can therefore be used to study its physiological role. Conclusions A duplication event occurred at the exact locus of the homologous recombination and was not detected by conventional quality control filters such as FISH or long-range PCR over the recombination sites. Nanopore sequencing provides a cost convenient method to detect such underrated off-target effects, suggesting its use for additional quality assessment of gene editing in mice and also other model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sailer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gertraud Streiter
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catherine M Green
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Golderer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Werner-Felmayer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Keith M Channon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst R Werner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sailer S, Keller MA, Werner ER, Watschinger K. The Emerging Physiological Role of AGMO 10 Years after Its Gene Identification. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020088. [PMID: 33530536 PMCID: PMC7911779 DOI: 10.3390/life11020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, it was possible to relate a potential contribution for mutations in the AGMO locus to human diseases by genome-wide association studies. A possible role for AGMO was implicated by genetic analyses in a variety of human pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and immune defence. Deficient catabolism of stored lipids carrying an alkyl bond by an absence of AGMO was shown to impact on the overall lipid composition also outside the ether lipid pool. This review focuses on the current evidence of AGMO in human diseases and summarises experimental evidence for its role in immunity, energy homeostasis, and development in humans and several model organisms. With the progress in lipidomics platform and genetic identification of enzymes involved in ether lipid metabolism such as AGMO, it is now possible to study the consequence of gene ablation on the global lipid pool and further on certain signalling cascades in a variety of model organisms in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sailer
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Markus A. Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-9003-70344
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim HK, Han J. Tetrahydrobiopterin in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104827. [PMID: 32348841 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an endogenous cofactor for various enzymatic conversions of essential biomolecules including nitric oxide, tyrosine, dopamine, serotonin and phenylalanine. Depending on the physiological functions of these molecules, BH4 plays multiple roles in the cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems. A deficiency of BH4 or an imbalance of the redox state of biopterin has been implicated in various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Therefore, supplementation with BH4 is considered as a therapeutic option for these diseases. In addition to the classical nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent role of BH4, recent studies proposed novel NOS-independent roles of BH4 in health and disease conditions. This article reviews the updated role of BH4 in mitochondrial regulation, energy metabolism and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shay DA, Welly RJ, Givan SA, Bivens N, Kanaley J, Marshall BL, Lubahn DB, Rosenfeld CS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Changes in nucleus accumbens gene expression accompany sex-specific suppression of spontaneous physical activity in aromatase knockout mice. Horm Behav 2020; 121:104719. [PMID: 32081742 PMCID: PMC7387966 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase catalyzes conversion of testosterone to estradiol and is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the brain. Suppression of aromatase adversely affects metabolism and physical activity behavior, but mechanisms remain uncertain. The hypothesis tested herein was that whole body aromatase deletion would cause gene expression changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain regulating motivated behaviors such as physical activity, which is suppressed with loss of estradiol. Metabolic and behavioral assessments were performed in male and female wild-type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice. NAc-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with RNAseq, and associations between the measured phenotypic traits were determined. Female ArKO mice had greater percent body fat, reduced spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed less energy, and had lower relative resting energy expenditure (REE) than WT females. Such differences were not observed in ArKO males. However, in both sexes, a top DEG was Pts, a gene encoding an enzyme necessary for catecholamine (e.g., dopamine) biosynthesis. In comparing male and female WT mice, top DEGs were related to sexual development/fertility, immune regulation, obesity, dopamine signaling, and circadian regulation. SPA correlated strongly with Per3, a gene regulating circadian function, thermoregulation, and metabolism (r = -0.64, P = .002), which also correlated with adiposity (r = 0.54, P = .01). In conclusion, aromatase ablation leads to gene expression changes in NAc, which may in turn result in reduced SPA and related metabolic abnormalities. These findings may have significance to post-menopausal women and those treated with an aromatase inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dusti A Shay
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Givan
- Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Jill Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA; MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pickard BS. Genomics of Lithium Action and Response. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2019; 17:308-313. [PMID: 32015722 PMCID: PMC6996056 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.17305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
(Reprinted with permission from Neurotherapeutics (2017) 14:582-587).
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Lithium is the most successful mood stabilizer treatment for bipolar disorder. However, unlike conventional drugs that are designed to interact with a specific molecular target, the actions of lithium are distributed across many biological processes and pathways. Treatment response is subject to genetic variation between individuals and similar genetic variation may dictate susceptibility to side effects. Transcriptomic, genomic, and cell-model research strategies have all been deployed in the search for the genetic factors and biological systems that mediate the interaction between genetics and the therapeutic actions of lithium. In this review, recent findings from genome-wide studies and patient cell lines will be summarized and discussed from a standpoint that genuine progress is being made to define clinically useful mechanisms of this treatment, to place it in the context of bipolar disorder pathology, and to move towards a time when the prescription of lithium is targeted to those individuals who will derive the greatest benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Pickard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|