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Liu P, Shi C, Qiu L, Shang D, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. Menin signaling and therapeutic targeting in breast cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 51:101118. [PMID: 38968834 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
To date, mounting evidence have shown that patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) may face an increased risk for breast carcinogenesis. The product of the MEN1 gene, menin, was also indicated to be an important regulator in breast cancer signaling network. Menin directly interacts with MLL, EZH2, JunD, NF-κB, PPARγ, VDR, Smad3, β-catenin and ERα to modulate gene transcriptions leading to cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, interaction of menin-FANCD2 contributes to the enhancement of BRCA1-mediated DNA repair mechanism. Ectopic expression of menin causes Bax-, Bak- and Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. However, despite numbers of menin inhibitors were exploited in other cancers, data on the usage of menin inhibitors in breast cancer treatment remain limited. In this review, we focused on the menin associated signaling pathways and gene transcription regulations, with the aim of elucidating its molecular mechanisms and of guiding the development of novel menin targeted drugs in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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2
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Wang X, Fei Y, Shao Y, Liao Q, Meng Q, Chen R, Deng L. Transcriptome analysis reveals immune function-related mRNA expression in donkey mammary glands during four developmental stages. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101169. [PMID: 38096640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The low susceptibility to mastitis of female donkey (jenny) mammary glands and the strong immune properties of donkey milk are acknowledged, but little is known about the genes involved in mammary gland immunity in jennies. Herein, we used RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to explore jenny mammary gland transcriptomes and detect potential functional differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs related to immunity during four specific developmental stages: foetal (F), pubertal (P), adult parous nonlactation (N) and lactation (L). A total of 2497, 583 and 1820 DE mRNAs were identified in jenny mammary glands at F vs. P, P vs. N, and N vs. L, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed numerous GO terms related to immune function, especially between F and P. Seven significantly enriched profiles were identified, among which 497 and 1261 DE mRNAs were upregulated in profiles 19 and 17. Eleven mRNAs were enriched in over 10 KEGG pathways. β-2-microglobulin (B2M), immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) were mainly involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling, phagosome and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) signalling pathways. The findings provide insight into the molecular features underpinning the low prevalence of intramammary infections (i.e., mastitis) in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaqi Fei
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qingchao Liao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qingze Meng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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3
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Lan H, Wu B, Jin K, Chen Y. Beyond boundaries: unraveling innovative approaches to combat bone-metastatic cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1260491. [PMID: 38260135 PMCID: PMC10800370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1260491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence demonstrated that bones, liver, and lungs are the most common metastasis sites in some human malignancies, especially in prostate and breast cancers. Bone is the third most frequent target for spreading tumor cells among these organs and tissues. Patients with bone-metastatic cancers face a grim prognosis characterized by short median survival time. Current treatments have proven insufficient, as they can only inhibit metastasis or tumor progression within the bone tissues rather than providing a curative solution. Gaining a more profound comprehension of the interplay between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment (BME) is of utmost importance in tackling this issue. This knowledge will pave the way for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying bone metastasis and discusses the clinical aspects of this pathologic condition. Additionally, it highlights emerging therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life for patients affected by bone-metastatic cancers. By synthesizing current research, this review seeks to shed light on the complexities of bone metastasis and offer insights for future advancements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hosptial, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Yanagida S, Ono A, Yasuhiko Y, Kanda Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes the Expansion of Cancer Stem Cells <i>via</i> S1PR3 by Ligand-Independent Notch Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:649-658. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Liu N, Qi D, Jiang J, Zhang J, Yu C. Significance of combined TGF‑β1 and survivin expression on the prognosis of patients with triple‑negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:193. [PMID: 35527782 PMCID: PMC9073572 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other types of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the characteristics of rapid progression, a lack of specific molecular targets for treatment and a poor prognosis. However, based on previously published studies, TGF-β1 and survivin are potentially meaningful for the prognosis of patients with TNBC. The present study was therefore designed to measure and compare the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and survivin in tissue samples of TNBC and non-TNBC patients in order to evaluate their ability as prognostic indicators. In total, 90 TNBC and 52 non-TNBC tissue specimens were selected, following which immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and survivin in the cancer tissues. Subsequently, the potential association between the expression levels of these two proteins and the clinicopathological variables was analyzed. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and survivin in TNBC tissues were found to be significantly higher compared with those in the non-TNBC tissues. In addition, the results of the present study demonstrated that TGF-β1 expression was positively associated with survivin expression in the TNBC samples, but no significant correlation was found between TGF-β1 and survivin expression in the non-TNBC samples. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was performed to assess the levels of TGF-β1 and survivin in regard to patient survival, and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses of TGF-β1 and survivin protein expression were performed to analyze the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of patients with TNBC and non-TNBC. Although multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that neither TGF-β1 or survivin were independent prognostic predictors of TNBC or non-TNBC, results of the K-M curve revealed that patients with TNBC with TGF-β1- and survivin-positive breast cancer exhibited shorter OS and PFS times. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that in patients with TNBC, the combined expression of TGF-β1 and survivin may yield additional prognostic information, compared with patients with non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Qi
- Department of Pathology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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6
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Loss of function of BRCA1 promotes EMT in mammary tumors through activation of TGFβR2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:195. [PMID: 35236825 PMCID: PMC8891277 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 deficient breast cancers are aggressive and chemoresistant due, in part, to their enrichment of cancer stem cells that can be generated from carcinoma cells by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We previously discovered that BRCA1 deficiency activates EMT in mammary tumorigenesis. How BRCA1 controls EMT and how to effectively target BRCA1-deficient cancers remain elusive. We analyzed murine and human tumors and identified a role for Tgfβr2 in governing the molecular aspects of EMT that occur with Brca1 loss. We utilized CRISPR to delete Tgfβr2 and specific inhibitors to block Tgfβr2 activity and followed up with the molecular analysis of assays for tumor growth and metastasis. We discovered that heterozygous germline deletion, or epithelia-specific deletion of Brca1 in mice, activates Tgfβr2 signaling pathways in mammary tumors. BRCA1 depletion promotes TGFβ-mediated EMT activation in cancer cells. BRCA1 binds to the TGFβR2 locus to repress its transcription. Targeted deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition of Tgfβr2 in Brca1-deficient tumor cells reduces EMT and suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis. BRCA1 and TGFβR2 expression levels are inversely related in human breast cancers. This study reveals for the first time that a targetable TGFβR signaling pathway is directly activated by BRCA1-deficiency in the induction of EMT in breast cancer progression.
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Wang F, Zhang C, Kwagh J, Strassle B, Li J, Huang M, Song Y, Lehman B, Westhouse R, Palanisamy K, Holenarsipur VK, Borzilleri R, Augustine-Rauch K. TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 mediate appropriate context-dependent phenotype of rat valvular interstitial cells. iScience 2021; 24:102133. [PMID: 33665554 PMCID: PMC7900227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on characterizing the potential mechanism of valvular toxicity caused by TGFβ receptor inhibitors (TGFβRis) using rat valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to evaluate early biological responses to TGFβR inhibition. Three TGFβRis that achieved similar exposures in the rat were assessed. Two dual TGFβRI/-RII inhibitors caused valvulopathy, whereas a selective TGFβRI inhibitor did not, leading to a hypothesis that TGFβ receptor selectivity may influence the potency of valvular toxicity. The dual valvular toxic inhibitors had the most profound effect on altering VIC phenotype including altered morphology, migration, and extracellular matrix production. Reduction of TGFβ expression demonstrated that combined TGFβ2/β3 inhibition by small interfering RNA or neutralizing antibodies caused similar alterations as TGFβRis. Inhibition of TGFβ3 transcription was only associated with the dual TGFβRis, suggesting that TGFβRII inhibition impacts TGFβ3 transcriptional regulation, and that the potency of valvular toxicity may relate to alteration of TGFβ2/β3-mediated processes involved in maintaining proper balance of VIC phenotypes in the heart valve. TGFβ signaling blockade causes valvulopathy; VICs may be the cellular target VICs express TGFβ receptors, ligands, and pSMAD2/3, indicating autocrine regulation TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 maintain VIC phenotype; TGFβRis altered shape, migration, and ECM Maintaining TGFβ3 transcription may reduce the potency of toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Wang
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Cindy Zhang
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Jae Kwagh
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Brian Strassle
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Jinqing Li
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Yunling Song
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Brenda Lehman
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Richard Westhouse
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Kamalavenkatesh Palanisamy
- Biocon BMS R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Vinay K Holenarsipur
- Biocon BMS R&D Center, Syngene International Ltd., Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Robert Borzilleri
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squib, Princeton, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Karen Augustine-Rauch
- Discovery Toxicology Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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8
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Tsuchiya H, Shiota G. Immune evasion by cancer stem cells. Regen Ther 2021; 17:20-33. [PMID: 33778133 PMCID: PMC7966825 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity represents a new avenue for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have successfully improved outcomes in several tumor types. In addition, currently, immune cell-based therapy is also attracting significant attention. However, the clinical efficacy of these treatments requires further improvement. The mechanisms through which cancer cells escape the immune response must be identified and clarified. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in multiple aspects of malignant tumors. CSCs can initiate tumors in partially immunocompromised mice, whereas non-CSCs fail to form tumors, suggesting that tumor initiation is a definitive function of CSCs. However, the fact that non-CSCs also initiate tumors in more highly immunocompromised mice suggests that the immune evasion property may be a more fundamental feature of CSCs rather than a tumor-initiating property. In this review, we summarize studies that have elucidated how CSCs evade tumor immunity and create an immunosuppressive milieu with a focus on CSC-specific characteristics and functions. These profound mechanisms provide important clues for the development of novel tumor immunotherapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in multiple aspects of malignant tumors. Immune evasion is a fundamental feature of CSCs. Immune evasion mechanisms must be precisely clarified to improve tumor immunotherapy. CSCs are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
- ALDH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ARID3B, AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 3B
- CCR7, C–C motif chemokine receptor 7
- CIK, cytokine-induced killer cell
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-cell-associated antigen-4
- Cancer stem cells
- DC, dendritic cell
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ETO, fat mass and obesity associated protein
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Immune checkpoints
- Immune evasion
- KDM4, lysine-specific demethylase 4C
- KIR, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor
- LAG3, lymphocyte activation gene 3
- LILR, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor
- LMP, low molecular weight protein
- LOX, lysyl oxidase
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MIC, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NK cells
- NK, natural killer
- NOD, nonobese diabetic
- NSG, NOD/SCID IL-2 receptor gamma chain null
- OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4
- PD-1, programmed death receptor-1
- PD-L1/2, ligands 1/2
- PI9, protease inhibitor 9
- PSME3, proteasome activator subunit 3
- SCID, severe combined immunodeficient
- SOX2, sex determining region Y-box 2
- T cells
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TAP, transporter associated with antigen processing
- TCR, T cell receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- ULBP, UL16 binding protein
- uPAR, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
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Jalalirad M, Haddad TC, Salisbury JL, Radisky D, Zhang M, Schroeder M, Tuma A, Leof E, Carter JM, Degnim AC, Boughey JC, Sarkaria J, Yu J, Wang L, Liu MC, Zammataro L, Malatino L, Galanis E, Ingle JN, Goetz MP, D'Assoro AB. Aurora-A kinase oncogenic signaling mediates TGF-β-induced triple-negative breast cancer plasticity and chemoresistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:2509-2523. [PMID: 33674749 PMCID: PMC8032554 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) account for 15–20% of all breast cancers and represent the most aggressive subtype of this malignancy. Early tumor relapse and progression are linked to the enrichment of a sub-fraction of cancer cells, termed breast tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and typically exhibit a basal-like CD44high/CD24low and/or ALDH1high phenotype with critical cancer stem-like features such as high self-renewal capacity and intrinsic (de novo) resistance to standard of care chemotherapy. One of the major mechanisms responsible for the intrinsic drug resistance of BTICs is their high ALDH1 activity leading to inhibition of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that aurora-A kinase (AURKA) is required to mediate TGF-β-induced expression of the SNAI1 gene, enrichment of ALDH1high BTICs, self-renewal capacity, and chemoresistance in TNBC experimental models. Significantly, the combination of docetaxel (DTX) with dual TGF-β and AURKA pharmacologic targeting impaired tumor relapse and the emergence of distant metastasis. We also showed in unique chemoresistant TNBC cells isolated from patient-derived TNBC brain metastasis that dual TGF-β and AURKA pharmacologic targeting reversed cancer plasticity and enhanced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to DTX-based-chemotherapy. Taken together, these findings reveal for the first time the critical role of AURKA oncogenic signaling in mediating TGF-β-induced TNBC plasticity, chemoresistance, and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalalirad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tufia C Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Derek Radisky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Minzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Schroeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann Tuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eduard Leof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luca Zammataro
- Department of Oncology, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Antonino B D'Assoro
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Mezi S, Botticelli A, Pomati G, Cerbelli B, Scagnoli S, Amirhassankhani S, d’Amati G, Marchetti P. Standard of Care and Promising New Agents for the Treatment of Mesenchymal Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1080. [PMID: 33802438 PMCID: PMC7959307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathologic definition of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies on the absence of expression of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. However, this BC subgroup is distinguished by a wide biological, molecular and clinical heterogeneity. Among the intrinsic TNBC subtypes, the mesenchymal type is defined by the expression of genes involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, stromal interaction and cell motility. Moreover, it shows a high expression of genes involved in proliferation and an immune-suppressive microenvironment. Several molecular alterations along different pathways activated during carcinogenesis and tumor progression have been outlined and could be involved in immune evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, reverting epithelial to mesenchymal transition process could lead to the overcoming of immune-resistance. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the mesenchymal TNBC subtype and its response to conventional therapeutic strategies, as well as to some promising molecular target agents and immunotherapy. The final goal is a tailored combination of cytotoxic drugs, target agents and immunotherapy in order to restore immunocompetence in mesenchymal breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (B.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Giulia Pomati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (B.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sasan Amirhassankhani
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Giulia d’Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (B.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.M.)
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11
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Son SH, Park J, Jung MJ, Lee SK, Kim H, Kim KR, Park KK, Chung WY. Transforming growth factor-β-regulated fractalkine as a marker of erosive bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12750. [PMID: 33503283 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) bone invasion are surgically treated with bone resection, which results in severe physical and psychological damage. Here, we investigated the potential of fractalkine (CX3CL1), which is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF-β), as a novel biomarker for correct prediction and early detection of OSCC-associated bone invasion. TGF-β knockdown and treatment with a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody decreased the level of fractalkine in the culture media of HSC-2 and YD10B OSCC cells. Treatment with a fractalkine-neutralizing antibody reduced TGF-β-stimulated invasion by HSC-2 and YD10B cells. Fractalkine treatment increased the viability, invasion, and uPA secretion of both OSCC cell lines. Furthermore, OSCC cell bone invasion was assessed following subcutaneous inoculation of wild-type or TGF-β knockdown OSCC cells in mouse calvaria. TGF-β knockdown prevented erosive bone invasion, reduced the number of osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface, and downregulated fractalkine expression in mouse tumor tissues. Our results indicate that the production of fractalkine is stimulated by TGF-β and mediates TGF-β-induced cell invasion in several OSCC cell lines showing an erosive pattern of bone invasion. Fractalkine may be a useful predictive marker and therapeutic target for OSCC-induced bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwa Son
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Jung
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungkeun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology and BK21 PLUS project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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13
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Chen Y, Di C, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang F, Yan JF, Xu C, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li H, Yang H, Zhang H. Transforming growth factor β signaling pathway: A promising therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1903-1914. [PMID: 31332789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is part of the transforming growth factor β superfamily which is involved in many physiological processes and closely related to the carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the TGF-β structure, function, and its canonical Smads signaling pathway. Importantly, TGF-β has been proved that it plays both tumor suppressor as well as an activator role in tumor progression. In an early stage, TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation and is involved in cell apoptosis. In an advanced tumor, TGF-β signaling pathway induces tumor invasion and metastasis through promoting angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. Furthermore, we are centered on updated research results into the inhibitors as drugs which have been studied in preclinical or clinical trials in tumor carcinogenesis to prevent the TGF-β synthesis and block its signaling pathways such as antibodies, antisense molecules, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, it is highlighting the crucial role of TGF-β in tumor therapy and may provide opportunities for the new antitumor strategies in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Fang Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Amerizadeh F, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Hesari A, Rezayi M, Talebian S, Maftouh M, Moetamani-Ahmadi M, Seifi S, Shahidsales S, Joudi-Mashhad M, Ferns GA, Ghasemi F, Avan A. Current status and future prospects of transforming growth factor-β as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6962-6971. [PMID: 30672016 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the important pathways involved in the cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as in metastasis by agitation or invasion of metastasis-related factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These data suggest its potential value as a therapeutic object in the treatment of malignancies including breast cancer. Several pharmacological approaches have been established to suppress TGF-β pathway; such as vaccines, small molecular inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies. Some of these are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway. This study attempts to summarize the current data about the functions of TGF-β in cancer cells, and their probable application in the cancer therapy with a specific emphasis on recent preclinical and clinical research in the treatment of breast cancer and its prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Talebian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sima Seifi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mona Joudi-Mashhad
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Catteau X, Simon P, Jondet M, Vanhaeverbeek M, Noël JC. Quantification of stromal reaction in breast carcinoma and its correlation with tumor grade and free progression survival. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210263. [PMID: 30897102 PMCID: PMC6428301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression results from a complex interplay between tumor cells and the extracellular milieu. In breast carcinoma, the stromal microenvironment has been suggested to play a major role in promoting tumor growth, progression, and invasion. The stroma of 154 resected specimens of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type was quantified using a digital image analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed between the quantity of stroma and survival, as well as between progression-free survival and clinicopathological data. Levels of myofibroblastic stroma varied from 0-46%, with a median of 15.1% and a standard deviation of 7.5. The myofibroblastic stromal reaction was statistically greater in grade 2 and 3 tumors (p = 0.029). Furthermore, there was a trend for worse progression-free survival in the group of node-negative tumors with strong smooth-muscle actin stromal expression (Log rank = 0.075). The present study demonstrates that the myofibroblastic reaction of breast invasive carcinoma of no special type is not merely a passive reaction, but seems to be an integral part of the neoplastic process by facilitating tumor progression and invasion. Additional, larger studies on mechanisms of stromal change are needed and may potentially lead to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Catteau
- Pathology Department, CUREPATH (CHU Tivoli, Chirec), Jumet, Belgium
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Simon
- Gynaecologic Department, Erasme University Hospital-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Charleroi, Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Noël
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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The rhenium(I)-diselenoether anticancer drug targets ROS, TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and IGF-1 in an in vitro experimental model of triple-negative breast cancers. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:973-983. [PMID: 30632005 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rhenium(I)-diselenoether complex (Re-diSe) is a rhenium tricarbonyl-based drug chelated by a diselenoether ligand. In this work, we compared its inhibitory effects on the hormone-independent MDA-MB231cancer line and other different cancer cell lines after an exposure time of 72 h by MTT assays. The sensitivity of MDA-MB231 was in the same range than the hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer, the PC-3 prostate and HT-29 colon cancer cells, while the A549 lung and the HeLa uterine cancer cells were less sensitive. We compared the inhibitory effects of Re-diSe and of its diselenide ligand (di-Se) on MDA-MB231 and a normal HEK-293 human embryonic cell line, after 72 h and 120 h of exposure. The cytotoxicity was also studied by flow cytometry using ethidium bromide assays, as well as the effects on the ROS production by DFCA-test, while the levels of TGF-β1, VEGF-A, IGF-1 were addressed by ELISA tests. The dose required to inhibit 50% of the proliferation (IC50) of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells decreased with the time of exposure to 120 h, while the free ligand (di-Se) was found poorly active, demonstrating the important role of Re in this Re-diSe combination. The cytotoxic effects of Re-diSe were highly selective for cancer cells, with a significant increase of the number of dead cancer cells at 5 μM for an exposure time of 120 h, while normal cells were not affected. A remarkable and significant decrease of the production of ROS together with a decrease of VEGF-A, TGF-β1, and IGF-1 by the cancer cells were also observed when cancer cells were exposed to Re-diSe.
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17
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Singha PK, Pandeswara S, Geng H, Lan R, Venkatachalam MA, Dobi A, Srivastava S, Saikumar P. Increased Smad3 and reduced Smad2 levels mediate the functional switch of TGF-β from growth suppressor to growth and metastasis promoter through TMEPAI/PMEPA1 in triple negative breast cancer. Genes Cancer 2019; 10:134-149. [PMID: 31798766 PMCID: PMC6872668 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of several TNBC cell lines showed altered Smad2 and Smad3 protein levels compared to normal mammary epithelial cells, suggesting the possibility that it could play an important role in the escape of cancer cells from TGF-β mediated growth inhibition. To assess the functional relevance of these endogenous molecules, Smad2 or Smad3 expression was knocked down individually and assessed their effects on pro-oncogenic properties of TGF-β. Smad3 deficiency reduced growth and invasion capacity of breast cancer cells in comparison to Smad2 which had no effect. Smad3 deficiency was also found to be associated with a reduction in the expressions of TMEPAI/PMEPA1 and EMT inducing transcription factors, E-Cadherin and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitors and Vimentin. On the other hand, Smad2 deficiency had opposite effect on these regulators. Interestingly, the decreased growth, invasion and associated gene expressions were largely reversed by overexpressing TMEPAI in Smad3 knockdown cells, suggesting that Smad3-TMEPAI axis may be involved in subverting growth suppressive effects of TGF-β into growth promotion. Similarly, altered levels of Smad proteins and TMEPAI were also noted in primary TNBC tumor tissues. Analysis of the existing databases provided additional support in terms of TMEPAI and Smad2 expression impacting the survival of TNBC patients. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel role for Smad3 in cancer transformation and cancer progression through TMEPAI and further suggest that selective targeting of TGF-β-Smad3-TMEPAI axis may be beneficial in triple negative breast cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajjal K. Singha
- Department of Med/Hematology & Med Oncology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Med/Hematology & Med Oncology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Med/Hematology & Med Oncology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Med/Hematology & Med Oncology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Albert Dobi
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pothana Saikumar
- Department of Med/Hematology & Med Oncology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
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19
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Palomeras S, Ruiz-Martínez S, Puig T. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Molecules 2018; 23:E2193. [PMID: 30200262 PMCID: PMC6225226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, many patients still fail therapy, resulting in disease progression, recurrence, and reduced overall survival. Historically, much focus has been put on the intrinsic subtyping based in the presence (or absence) of classical immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein (HER2). However, it is widely understood that tumors are composed of heterogeneous populations of cells with a hierarchical organization driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs). In breast tumors, this small population of cells displaying stem cell properties is known as breast CSCs (BCSCs). This rare population exhibit a CD44⁺/CD24-/low phenotype with high ALDH activity (ALDH⁺), and possesses higher tolerability to chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy and is able to reproduce the bulk of the tumor after reduction of cell populations sensitive to first-line therapy leading to disease relapse. In this review, we present special attention to BCSCs with future directions in the establishment of a therapy targeting this population. Drugs targeting the main BCSCs signaling pathways undergoing clinical trials are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Palomeras
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab) Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Emili Grahit 77, Girona 17003, Spain.
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Martínez
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab) Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Emili Grahit 77, Girona 17003, Spain.
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab) Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Emili Grahit 77, Girona 17003, Spain.
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20
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潘 珍, 姚 敏, 陈 莺, 邓 九, 颜 美, 高 建. [Abnormal granulocyte differentiation and the paradoxical switch of transforming growth factor-β1 in breast cancer patients]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:856-860. [PMID: 33168499 PMCID: PMC6765545 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.07.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of abnormal granulocytic differentiation in breast cancer patients and explore the role of TGF-β1 in granulocytic differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and tumor development. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 52 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and 47 healthy donors. The distribution of granulocytes was compared between the two groups and the effects of surgery and radiotherapy on granulocytes were analyzed. The relationship between granulocyte abnormalities and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. Spleen hematopoietic stem cells isolated from normal and tumor-bearing mice were cultured and treated with TGF-β1, and colony formation of the myeloid cells was compared and the proportion of granulocytes was analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS The white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils, total granulocytes, granulocyte ratio in the total WBCs, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the eosinophils and its subpopulations were obviously decreased (P < 0.05) in breast cancer patients. Clone formation experiments showed that the numbers of CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-M colonies were significantly greater in the spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice than in those from normal mice (P < 0.05). TGF- β1 treatment obviously suppressed clone formation in spleen HSCs from normal mice but significantly promoted the proliferation and granulocyte differentiation of the spleen HSCs from tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer patients have obvious abnormalities in granulocytic differentiation possibly as a result of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation imbalance induced by TGF-β1 and other growth factors produced by the tumor cells. TGF-β1 highlights a paradoxical shift in the regulation of clone formation and granulocytic differentiation of spleen hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 珍珍 潘
- 浙江中医药大学 基础医学院,浙江 杭州 310053College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 敏敏 姚
- 浙江中医药大学 中医药科学院,浙江 杭州 310053Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- 宁波市第二医院乳腺外科,浙江 宁波 315010Department of Breast Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - 莺歌 陈
- 浙江中医药大学 中医药科学院,浙江 杭州 310053Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 九零 邓
- 浙江中医药大学 中医药科学院,浙江 杭州 310053Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 美秋 颜
- 浙江中医药大学 中医药科学院,浙江 杭州 310053Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 建莉 高
- 浙江中医药大学 中医药科学院,浙江 杭州 310053Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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21
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Miyazono K, Katsuno Y, Koinuma D, Ehata S, Morikawa M. Intracellular and extracellular TGF-β signaling in cancer: some recent topics. Front Med 2018; 12:387-411. [PMID: 30043220 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β regulates a wide variety of cellular responses, including cell growth arrest, apoptosis, cell differentiation, motility, invasion, extracellular matrix production, tissue fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immune function. Although tumor-suppressive roles of TGF-β have been extensively studied and well-characterized in many cancers, especially at early stages, accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of TGF-β as a pro-tumorigenic factor in various types of cancer. This review will focus on recent findings regarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β, in relation to crosstalk with some other signaling pathways, and the roles of TGF-β in lung and pancreatic cancers, in which TGF-β has been shown to be involved in cancer progression. Recent findings also strongly suggested that targeting TGF-β signaling using specific inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of some cancers. TGF-β plays a pivotal role in the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). TGF-β is produced as latent high molecular weight complexes, and the latent TGF-β complex expressed on the surface of Tregs contains glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP, also known as leucine-rich repeat containing 32 or LRRC32). Inhibition of the TGF-β activities through regulation of the latent TGF-β complex activation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yoko Katsuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Zonneville J, Safina A, Truskinovsky AM, Arteaga CL, Bakin AV. TGF-β signaling promotes tumor vasculature by enhancing the pericyte-endothelium association. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:670. [PMID: 29921235 PMCID: PMC6008941 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The breast cancer microenvironment promotes tumor vascularization through the complex interactions involving tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs). Emerging data indicate that TAFs increase production and signaling by TGF-β cytokines, while the role of TGF-β signaling in the regulation of tumor blood vessels is not fully understood. The current study presents evidence that TAFs enhance the organization of tumor blood capillaries, and TGF-β signaling plays an important role in this response. Methods Tumor vascularization was studied in xenograft models of breast carcinoma cells, alone and in combination with fibroblasts. TGF-β signaling in breast cancer cells was modulated by expression of kinase-inactive TGFBR1-K232R (dnTGFBR1) or constitutive-active TGFBR1-T204D (caTGFBR1) receptor mutants. The architecture of tumor blood capillaries was assessed by immune-histochemical analysis of endothelium and pericytes. The role of TGF-β-Smad signaling in fibronectin expression was examined using adenoviral transduction of signaling components. Results Our studies revealed that TAFs significantly increase the lumen size of blood microvessels. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling in tumor cells by dnTGFBR1 reduced the microvessel density and lumen sizes, decreasing tumor growth. In contrast, caTGFBR1-tumors exhibited greater vessel density and lumen sizes. Tumors with inactive dnTGFBR1 showed lower amounts of TAFs, while caTGFBR1 increased amounts of TAFs compared to the control. Inspection of pericytes and endothelial cells in tumor vasculature revealed that TAFs enhanced vessel coverage by pericytes, vascular cells supporting capillaries. This effect was impaired in dnTGFBR1-tumors, whereas active caTGFBR1 enhanced the association of pericytes with endothelium. Accordingly, dnTGFBR1-tumors exhibited the presence of hemorrhages, a sign of fragile blood vessels. Biochemical analysis showed that TGFBR1-SMAD signaling up-regulates fibronectin, a prominent regulator of endothelium-pericyte interactions. Conclusions The current study indicates that tumor-fibroblast crosstalk enhances tumor vascularization by increasing the pericyte-endothelium association via a mechanism involving the TGFβ-fibronectin axis. The tumor-fibroblast model represents a useful system for dissecting the complex interactions governing tumor angiogenesis and developing new approaches to therapeutic targeting tumor vasculature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4587-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Zonneville
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.
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23
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Tumor-fibroblast interactions stimulate tumor vascularization by enhancing cytokine-driven production of MMP9 by tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35592-35608. [PMID: 28423685 PMCID: PMC5482601 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advance-stage breast carcinomas include significant amounts of fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells which have been implicated in tumor growth, recurrence, and response to therapy. The present study investigated the contribution of fibroblasts to tumor growth using direct tumor-fibroblast co-cultures and tumor xenograft models. Our findings revealed that fibroblasts enhance breast carcinoma growth by promoting the tumor vasculature via the MMP9-dependent mechanism. In tumor-fibroblast co-cultures, fibroblasts increased expression of TGF-β, TNF, and IL-1β cytokines in tumor cells. These cytokines cooperatively induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 in tumor cells. Knockdown of MMP9 by shRNA significantly reduced tumor vascularization induced by fibroblasts. Mechanistically, our findings argue that expression of MMP9 in tumor cellsis regulated by crosstalk of TGF-β with TNF and/or IL-1β cytokines. The mechanism of this cooperative response did not involve cross-activation of the canonical signaling pathways as TGF-β did not activate RELA/p65 signaling, while TNF did not affect SMAD signaling. Instead, TGF-β and TNF cytokines co-stimulated MAP kinases and expression of JUN and JUNB, AP1 transcription factor subunits, which together with RELA/p65 were essential for the regulation of MMP9. Depletion of JUN and JUNB or RELA in tumor cells blocked the cooperative induction of MMP9 by the cytokines. Thus, our studies uncovered a previously unappreciated role of tumor-fibroblast interactions in the stimulation of tumor angiogenesis, and an essential role of the MAPK-AP1 axis in the cooperative up-regulation of the angiogenic driver MMP9 by cytokine crosstalk.
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24
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Zhou C, Li J, Lin L, Shu R, Dong B, Cao D, Li Q, Wang Z. A targeted transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) blocker, TTB, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23102-23113. [PMID: 29796175 PMCID: PMC5955403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) promotes cancer growth in late stage cancers. To inhibit the TGF-β pathway, we investigated a tumor-targeting TGF-β receptor blocker, TTB, and its role in tumor progress. The targeted TTB comprised of the extracellular domain of the TGF-β receptor II, the endoglin domain of TGF-β receptor III, and the human immuno-globin IgG1 constant fragment (Fc). To enhance tumor microenvironment targeting, a RGD peptide was fused at the N-terminal of TTB. The targeted TTB exhibited potent TGF-β neutralization activities, and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation. In xenograft models, the TTB had potent tumor inhibition activities. The TTB also attenuated the TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and suppressed breast cancer metastasis. Thus, the TTB is an effective TGF-β blocker with a potential for blocking excessive TGF-β induced pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Limin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Ying Rui Inc., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510009, China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510009, China
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Center for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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25
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Takai K, Le A, Weaver VM, Werb Z. Targeting the cancer-associated fibroblasts as a treatment in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82889-82901. [PMID: 27756881 PMCID: PMC5341254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased collagen expression in tumors is associated with increased risk of metastasis, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest propensity to develop distant metastases when there is evidence of central fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands regulated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote accumulation of fibrosis and cancer progression. In the present study, we have evaluated TNBC tumors with enhanced collagen to determine whether we can reduce metastasis by targeting the CAFs with Pirfenidone (PFD), an anti-fibrotic agent as well as a TGF-β antagonist. In patient-derived xenograft models, TNBC tumors exhibited accumulated collagen and activated TGF-β signaling, and developed lung metastasis. Next, primary CAFs were established from 4T1 TNBC homograft tumors, TNBC xenograft tumors and tumor specimens of breast cancer patients. CAFs promoted primary tumor growth with more fibrosis and TGF-β activation and lung metastasis in 4T1 mouse model. We then examined the effects of PFD in vitro and in vivo. We found that PFD had inhibitory effects on cell viability and collagen production of CAFs in 2D culture. Furthermore, CAFs enhanced tumor growth and PFD inhibited the tumor growth induced by CAFs by causing apoptosis in the 3D co-culture assay of 4T1 tumor cells and CAFs. In vivo, PFD alone inhibited tumor fibrosis and TGF-β signaling but did not inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis. However, PFD inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis synergistically in combination with doxorubicin. Thus, PFD has great potential for a novel clinically applicable TNBC therapy that targets tumor-stromal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takai
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Present address: Division of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Annie Le
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Present address: St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Limoge M, Safina A, Truskinovsky AM, Aljahdali I, Zonneville J, Gruevski A, Arteaga CL, Bakin AV. Tumor p38MAPK signaling enhances breast carcinoma vascularization and growth by promoting expression and deposition of pro-tumorigenic factors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61969-61981. [PMID: 28977919 PMCID: PMC5617479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast carcinoma microenvironment strikingly influences cancer progression and response to therapy. Various cell types in the carcinoma microenvironment show significant activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), although the role of p38MAPK in breast cancer progression is still poorly understood. The present study examined the contribution of tumor p38MAPK to breast carcinoma microenvironment and metastatic capacity. Inactivation of p38MAPK signaling in metastatic breast carcinoma cells was achieved by forced expression of the kinase-inactive mutant of p38/MAPK14 (a dominant-negative p38, dn-p38). Disruption of tumor p38MAPK signaling reduced growth and metastases of breast carcinoma xenografts. Importantly, dn-p38 markedly decreased tumor blood-vessel density and lumen sizes. Mechanistic studies revealed that p38 controls expression of pro-angiogenic extracellular factors such as matrix protein Fibronectin and cytokines VEGFA, IL8, and HBEGF. Tumor-associated fibroblasts enhanced tumor growth and vasculature as well as increased expression of the pro-angiogenic factors. These effects were blunted by dn-p38. Metadata analysis showed elevated expression of p38 target genes in breast cancers and this was an unfavorable marker of disease recurrence and poor-outcome. Thus, our study demonstrates that tumor p38MAPK signaling promotes breast carcinoma growth, invasive and metastatic capacities. Importantly, p38 enhances carcinoma vascularization by facilitating expression and deposition of pro-angiogenic factors. These results argue that p38MAPK is a valuable target for anticancer therapy affecting tumor vasculature. Anti-p38 drugs may provide new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer, including metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Limoge
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Ieman Aljahdali
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Justin Zonneville
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aleksandar Gruevski
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biological Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrei V. Bakin
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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27
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Tang X, Shi L, Xie N, Liu Z, Qian M, Meng F, Xu Q, Zhou M, Cao X, Zhu WG, Liu B. SIRT7 antagonizes TGF-β signaling and inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:318. [PMID: 28827661 PMCID: PMC5566498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer-related death; however, effective therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis are still scarce. This is largely attributable to the spatiotemporal intratumor heterogeneity during metastasis. Here we show that protein deacetylase SIRT7 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer lung metastases in human and mice, and predicts metastasis-free survival. SIRT7 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell metastasis, while temporal expression of Sirt7 inhibits metastasis in polyomavirus middle T antigen breast cancer model. Mechanistically, SIRT7 deacetylates and promotes SMAD4 degradation mediated by β-TrCP1, and SIRT7 deficiency activates transforming growth factor-β signaling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, resveratrol activates SIRT7 deacetylase activity, inhibits breast cancer lung metastases, and increases survival. Our data highlight SIRT7 as a modulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling and suppressor of breast cancer metastasis, meanwhile providing an effective anti-metastatic therapeutic strategy.Metastatic disease is the major reason for breast cancer-related deaths; therefore, a better understanding of this process and its players is needed. Here the authors report the role of SIRT7 in inhibiting SMAD4-mediated breast cancer metastasis providing a possible therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fanbiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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28
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Chen S, Huang J, Liu Z, Liang Q, Zhang N, Jin Y. FAM83A is amplified and promotes cancer stem cell-like traits and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e300. [PMID: 28287611 PMCID: PMC5533946 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), contribute to tumorigenesis, resistance to chemoradiotherapy and recurrence in human cancers, suggesting targeting CSCs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. In the current study, we found family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) is significantly overexpressed and associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of FAM83A markedly promoted, whereas inhibition of FAM83A decreased, CSC-like traits and chemoresistance both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of FAM83A activated the well-characterized CSC-associated pathways transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, the FAM83A locus was amplified in a number of human cancers and silencing FAM83A in associated cancer cell lines inhibited activation of the WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways and reduced tumorigenicity. Taken together, these results indicate that FAM83A has a vital oncogenic role to promote pancreatic cancer progression and may represent a potential clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Wahdan-Alaswad R, Harrell JC, Fan Z, Edgerton SM, Liu B, Thor AD. Metformin attenuates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) mediated oncogenesis in mesenchymal stem-like/claudin-low triple negative breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1046-59. [PMID: 26919310 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem-like/claudin-low (MSL/CL) breast cancers are highly aggressive, express low cell-cell adhesion cluster containing claudins (CLDN3/CLDN4/CLDN7) with enrichment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immunomodulatory, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes. We examined the biological, molecular and prognostic impact of TGF-β upregulation and/or inhibition using in vivo and in vitro methods. Using publically available breast cancer gene expression databases, we show that upregulation and enrichment of a TGF-β gene signature is most frequent in MSL/CL breast cancers and is associated with a worse outcome. Using several MSL/CL breast cancer cell lines, we show that TGF-β elicits significant increases in cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and motility, whereas these effects can be abrogated by a specific inhibitor against TGF-β receptor I and the anti-diabetic agent metformin, alone or in combination. Prior reports from our lab show that TNBC is exquisitely sensitive to metformin treatment. Mechanistically, metformin blocks endogenous activation of Smad2 and Smad3 and dampens TGF-β-mediated activation of Smad2, Smad3, and ID1 both at the transcriptional and translational level. We report the use of ID1 and ID3 as clinical surrogate markers, where high expression of these TGF-β target genes was correlated to poor prognosis in claudin-low patients. Given TGF-β's role in tumorigenesis and immunomodulation, blockade of this pathway using direct kinase inhibitors or more broadly acting inhibitors may dampen or abolish pro-carcinogenic and metastatic signaling in patients with MCL/CL TNBC. Metformin therapy (with or without other agents) may be a heretofore unrecognized approach to reduce the oncogenic activities associated with TGF-β mediated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Wahdan-Alaswad
- a Department of Pathology , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus Mail Stop B216, 12631 East 17th Ave, Room 2215A, Aurora , CO , USA
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- b Department of Pathology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1101 E Marshall St., PO Box 980662, Richmond VA , USA
| | - Zeying Fan
- a Department of Pathology , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus Mail Stop B216, 12631 East 17th Ave, Room 2215A, Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Susan M Edgerton
- a Department of Pathology , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus Mail Stop B216, 12631 East 17th Ave, Room 2215A, Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Bolin Liu
- a Department of Pathology , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus Mail Stop B216, 12631 East 17th Ave, Room 2215A, Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Ann D Thor
- a Department of Pathology , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus Mail Stop B216, 12631 East 17th Ave, Room 2215A, Aurora , CO , USA
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30
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Kim S, Lee J, Jeon M, Lee JE, Nam SJ. Zerumbone suppresses the motility and tumorigenecity of triple negative breast cancer cells via the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1544-58. [PMID: 26637807 PMCID: PMC4811479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in the development of cancer such as tumor metastasis and invasion. TGF-β-responsive gene signature is highly activated in chemotherapy-treated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we investigated the effect of zerumbone (ZER) on TGF-β1 signaling pathway and tumorigenecity of TNBC cells. Our results showed that the level of TGF-β1 mRNA expression and cell invasiveness were higher in TNBC cells than in non-TNBC cells. On the other hand, the cell motility of TNBC cells was completely suppressed by LY2109761, a novel selective TGF-β receptor type I/II (TβRI/II) dual inhibitor. In addition, FN and MMP-2 expression, which play an important role on cell motility in various cancer cells, were dose-dependently decreased by LY2109761. TGF-β1 increased FN, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in HCC1806 TNBC cells. TGF-β1-induced MMP-9 expression was decreased by both a MEK inhibitor, UO126, and a smad3 inhibitor, SIS3. Induction of FN and MMP-2 by TGF-β1 was just decreased by SIS3. Overexpression of smad3 significantly increased FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Interestingly, ZER significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in HCC1806 cells. In addition, ZER completely decreased TGF-β1-induced the phosphorylation of smad3. Finally, we observed that ZER suppressed the tumorigenecity such as tumor volume, weight, Ki67 expression, and metastasis in TNBC cells xenograft models. Taken together, we demonstrated that ZER suppresses TGF-β1-induced FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression through the inactivation of smad3 and inhibits the tumorigenecity of TNBC cells. Therefore, we suggest that ZER may act as a promising drug for treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongjin Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Martin-Castillo B, Lopez-Bonet E, Cuyàs E, Viñas G, Pernas S, Dorca J, Menendez JA. Cancer stem cell-driven efficacy of trastuzumab (Herceptin): towards a reclassification of clinically HER2-positive breast carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32317-38. [PMID: 26474458 PMCID: PMC4741696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically HER2+ (cHER2+) breast cancer (BC) can no longer be considered a single BC disease entity in terms of trastuzumab responsiveness. Here we propose a framework for predicting the response of cHER2+ to trastuzumab that integrates the molecular distinctions of intrinsic BC subtypes with recent knowledge on cancer stem cell (CSC) biology. First, we consider that two interchangeable populations of epithelial-like, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-expressing and mesenchymal-like, CD44+CD24-/low CSCs can be found in significantly different proportions across all intrinsic BC subtypes. Second, we overlap all the intrinsic subtypes across cHER2+ BC to obtain a continuum of mixed phenotypes in which one extreme exhibits a high identity with ALDH+ CSCs and the other extreme exhibits a high preponderance of CD44+CD24-/low CSCs. The differential enrichment of trastuzumab-responsive ALDH+ CSCs versus trastuzumab-refractory CD44+CD24-/low CSCs can explain both the clinical behavior and the primary efficacy of trastuzumab in each molecular subtype of cHER2+ (i.e., HER2-enriched/cHER2+, luminal A/cHER2+, luminal B/cHER2+, basal/cHER2+, and claudin-low/cHER2+). The intrinsic plasticity determining the epigenetic ability of cHER2+ tumors to switch between epithelial and mesenchymal CSC states will vary across the continuum of mixed phenotypes, thus dictating their intratumoral heterogeneity and, hence, their evolutionary response to trastuzumab. Because CD44+CD24-/low mesenchymal-like CSCs distinctively possess a highly endocytic activity, the otherwise irrelevant HER2 can open the door to a type of "Trojan horse" approach by employing antibody-drug conjugates such as T-DM1, which will allow a rapid and CSC-targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs to therapeutically manage trastuzumab-unresponsive basal/cHER2+ BC. Contrary to the current dichotomous model used clinically, our model proposes that a reclassification of cHER2+ tumors based on the spectrum of molecular BC subtypes might inform on their CSC-determined sensitivity to trastuzumab, thus providing a better delineation of the predictive value of cHER2+ in BC by incorporating CSCs-driven intra-tumor heterogeneity into clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Dorca
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Miret N, Pontillo C, Ventura C, Carozzo A, Chiappini F, Kleiman de Pisarev D, Fernández N, Cocca C, Randi A. Hexachlorobenzene modulates the crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and transforming growth factor-β1 signaling, enhancing human breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:20-31. [PMID: 27519288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Given the number of women affected by breast cancer, considerable interest has been raised in understanding the relationships between environmental chemicals and disease onset. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a dioxin-like compound that is widely distributed in the environment and is a weak ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We previously demonstrated that HCB acts as an endocrine disruptor capable of stimulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in different breast cancer models. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can contribute to tumor maintenance and progression. In this context, this work investigated the effect of HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5μM) on TGF-β1 signaling and AhR/TGF-β1 crosstalk in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and analyzed whether TGF-β1 pathways are involved in HCB-induced cell migration and invasion. RT-qPCR results indicated that HCB reduces AhR mRNA expression through TGF-β1 signaling but enhances TGF-β1 mRNA levels involving AhR signaling. Western blot analysis demonstrated that HCB could increase TGF-β1 protein levels and activation, as well as Smad3, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. In addition, low and high doses of HCB were determined to exert differential effects on AhR protein levels, localization, and activation, with a high dose (5μM) inducing AhR nuclear translocation and AhR-dependent CYP1A1 expression. These findings also revealed that c-Src and AhR are involved in HCB-mediated activation of Smad3. HCB enhances cell migration (scratch motility assay) and invasion (Transwell assay) through the Smad, JNK, and p38 pathways, while ERK1/2 is only involved in HCB-induced cell migration. These results demonstrate that HCB modulates the crosstalk between AhR and TGF-β1 and consequently exacerbates a pro-migratory phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells, which contributes to a high degree of malignancy. Taken together, our findings help to characterize the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of HCB on breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Miret
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5° piso, (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Pontillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5° piso, (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Clara Ventura
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físico-Matemática, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 954, subsuelo (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Carozzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, ININFA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Junín 954, PB, (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Chiappini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5° piso, (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana Kleiman de Pisarev
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5° piso, (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, ININFA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Junín 954, PB, (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Cocca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físico-Matemática, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 954, subsuelo (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Randi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, 5° piso, (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yang Y, Xu W, Neill T, Hu Z, Wang CH, Xiao X, Stock SR, Guise T, Yun CO, Brendler CB, Iozzo RV, Seth P. Systemic Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Decorin for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:813-25. [PMID: 26467629 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapies for breast cancer bone metastasis is a major unmet medical need. Toward that end, we have constructed an oncolytic adenovirus, Ad.dcn, and a nonreplicating adenovirus, Ad(E1-).dcn, both containing the human decorin gene. Our in vitro studies showed that Ad.dcn produced high levels of viral replication and the decorin protein in the breast tumor cells. Ad(E1-).dcn-mediated decorin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells downregulated the expression of Met, β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor A, all of which are recognized decorin targets and play pivotal roles in the progression of breast tumor growth and metastasis. Adenoviral-mediated decorin expression inhibited cell migration and induced mitochondrial autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mice bearing MDA-MB-231-luc skeletal metastases were systemically administered with the viral vectors, and skeletal tumor growth was monitored over time. The results of bioluminescence imaging and X-ray radiography indicated that Ad.dcn and Ad(E1-).dcn significantly inhibited the progression of bone metastases. At the terminal time point, histomorphometric analysis, micro-computed tomography, and bone destruction biomarkers showed that Ad.dcn and Ad(E1-).dcn reduced tumor burden and inhibited bone destruction. A nonreplicating adenovirus Ad(E1-).luc expressing the luciferase 2 gene had no significant effect on inhibiting bone metastases, and in several assays, Ad.dcn and Ad(E1-).dcn were better than Ad.luc, a replicating virus expressing the luciferase 2 gene. Our data suggest that adenoviral replication coupled with decorin expression could produce effective antitumor responses in a MDA-MB-231 bone metastasis model of breast cancer. Thus, Ad.dcn could potentially be developed as a candidate gene therapy vector for treating breast cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Yang
- 1 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Weidong Xu
- 1 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Thomas Neill
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zebin Hu
- 3 1st Division of In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- 4 Department of Surgery, NorthShore Research Institute , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- 5 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab. , Argonne, Illinois
| | - Stuart R Stock
- 6 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Theresa Guise
- 7 Department of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- 8 Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles B Brendler
- 4 Department of Surgery, NorthShore Research Institute , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prem Seth
- 1 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago , Evanston, Illinois
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Chen ZY, Wang PW, Shieh DB, Chiu KY, Liou YM. Involvement of gelsolin in TGF-beta 1 induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:90. [PMID: 26482896 PMCID: PMC4615330 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) triggers epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and facilitates breast cancer stem cell differentiation. Gelsolin (GSN) is a ubiquitous actin filament-severing protein. However, the relationship between the expression level of GSN and the TGF-β signaling for EMT progression in breast cancer cells is not clear. Results TGF-β1 acted on MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells by decreasing cell proliferation, changing cell morphology to a fibroblast-like shape, increasing expressions for CD44 and GSN, and increasing EMT expression and cell migration/invasion. Study with GSN overexpression (GSN op) in both MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells demonstrated that increased GSN expression resulted in alterations of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, modification of the actin filament assembly associated with altering cell surface elasticity and cell detachment in these breast cancer cells. In addition, increased cell migration was found in GSN op MDA-MB231 cells. Studies with GSN op and silencing by small interfering RNA verified that GSN could modulate the expression of vimentin. Sorted by flow cytometry, TGF-β1 increased subpopulation of CD44+/CD22- cells increasing their expressions for GSN, Nanog, Sox2, Oct4, N-cadherin, and vimentin but decreasing the E-cadherin expression. Methylation specific PCR analysis revealed that TGF-β1 decreased 50 % methylation but increased 3-fold unmethylation on the GSN promoter in CD44+/CD22- cells. Two DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1and DNMT3B were also inhibited by TGF-β1. Conclusions TGF-β1 induced epigenetic modification of GSN could alter the EMT process in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Ying Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ming Liou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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35
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Bahnassy A, Mohanad M, Ismail MF, Shaarawy S, El-Bastawisy A, Zekri ARN. Molecular biomarkers for prediction of response to treatment and survival in triple negative breast cancer patients from Egypt. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:303-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Chen X, Lu P, Chen L, Yang SJ, Shen HY, Yu DD, Zhang XH, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. Perioperative propofol-paravertebral anesthesia decreases the metastasis and progression of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8259-66. [PMID: 26383520 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol-paravertebral anesthesia (PPA) is a unique combination of paravertebral nerve blocks (PVBs) and propofol that regulates the cellular microenvironment during surgical period. Growing evidence points to its ability to attenuate perioperative immunosuppression of cancers. Abundant studies show that cancer patients who undergo perioperative PPA exhibit less recurrence as well as metastasis. Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-induced death in women. Over the last decades, increasing concerns have been put on the promotional role of PPA in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Among them, PPA participates in several bioprocesses in the development of breast cancer, including inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity, elevating serum concentration of nitric oxide index (NOx), depression of the neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (NET1) signal pathway, blocking the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway following an decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increasing NK cytotoxicity, and affecting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-targeted ras and HER2/neu gene pathways. In this review, we discuss the effect of PPA on breast cancer metastasis and progression. This will provide an alteration pattern of surgical anesthesia technique in breast cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Healthy Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsulu 172, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Su-jin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan-dan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shan-liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jin-hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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37
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Pasquier J, Abu-Kaoud N, Al Thani H, Rafii A. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in a Clinical Perspective. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:792182. [PMID: 26425122 PMCID: PMC4575734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastatic dissemination rely on cellular plasticity. Among the different phenotypes acquired by cancer cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been extensively illustrated. Indeed, this transition allows an epithelial polarized cell to acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with increased mobility and invasiveness. The role of EMT is quite clear during developmental stage. In the neoplastic context in many tumors EMT has been associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype including local invasion and distant metastasis. EMT allows the cell to invade surrounding tissues and survive in the general circulation and through a stem cell phenotype grown in the host organ. The molecular pathways underlying EMT have also been clearly defined and their description is beyond the scope of this review. Here we will summarize and analyze the attempts made to block EMT in the therapeutic context. Indeed, till today, most of the studies are made in animal models. Few clinical trials are ongoing with no obvious benefits of EMT inhibitors yet. We point out the limitations of EMT targeting such tumor heterogeneity or the dynamics of EMT during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nadine Abu-Kaoud
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haya Al Thani
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Wang HJ, Zhou M, Jia L, Sun J, Shi HB, Liu SL, Wang ZZ. Identification of Aberrant Chromosomal Regions in Human Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Data and Related Gene Information. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2557-66. [PMID: 26319982 PMCID: PMC4557392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer. Chromosomal imbalances, like amplifications and deletions, influence the transcriptional activity of genes. These imbalances affect not only the expression of genes in the aberrant chromosomal regions, but also that of related genes, and may be relevant to the cancer status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, we used the 7 publicly available microarray studies in breast cancer tissues and propose a general and unsupervised method by using the gene expression data and related gene information to systematically identify aberrant chromosomal regions. This method aimed to identify the chromosomal regions where the genes and their related genes both show consistent changes in the expression levels. Such patterns have been reported to be associated with the chromosomal aberrations and may be used in cancer diagnosis. RESULTS We compared 488 tumor and 222 normal samples from 7 microarray-based human breast cancer studies and detected the amplifications of 8q11.21, 14q32.11, 4q21.23, 18q11.2, Xq28, and the deletions of 3p24.1, 10q23.2 (BSCG1), 20p11.21, 9q21.13, and 1q41, which may be involved in the novel mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In addition, several known pathogenic genes, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with breast cancer were found. CONCLUSIONS This approach can be applied to other microarray studies, which provide a new and useful method for exploring chromosome structural variations in different types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiu Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Environmental Health, Public health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Bo Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (one of The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Herbertz S, Sawyer JS, Stauber AJ, Gueorguieva I, Driscoll KE, Estrem ST, Cleverly AL, Desaiah D, Guba SC, Benhadji KA, Slapak CA, Lahn MM. Clinical development of galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate), a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:4479-99. [PMID: 26309397 PMCID: PMC4539082 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling regulates a wide range of biological processes. TGF-β plays an important role in tumorigenesis and contributes to the hallmarks of cancer, including tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and escape of immune surveillance. There are several pharmacological approaches to block TGF-β signaling, such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors. Galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor I kinase that specifically downregulates the phosphorylation of SMAD2, abrogating activation of the canonical pathway. Furthermore, galunisertib has antitumor activity in tumor-bearing animal models such as breast, colon, lung cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Continuous long-term exposure to galunisertib caused cardiac toxicities in animals requiring adoption of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based dosing strategy to allow further development. The use of such a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model defined a therapeutic window with an appropriate safety profile that enabled the clinical investigation of galunisertib. These efforts resulted in an intermittent dosing regimen (14 days on/14 days off, on a 28-day cycle) of galunisertib for all ongoing trials. Galunisertib is being investigated either as monotherapy or in combination with standard antitumor regimens (including nivolumab) in patients with cancer with high unmet medical needs such as glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present review summarizes the past and current experiences with different pharmacological treatments that enabled galunisertib to be investigated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Scott Sawyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anja J Stauber
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Kyla E Driscoll
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawn T Estrem
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann L Cleverly
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - Durisala Desaiah
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Susan C Guba
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karim A Benhadji
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Michael M Lahn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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40
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Bahhnassy A, Mohanad M, Shaarawy S, Ismail MF, El-Bastawisy A, Ashmawy AM, Zekri AR. Transforming growth factor-β, insulin-like growth factor I/insulin-like growth factor I receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor-A: prognostic and predictive markers in triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:851-64. [PMID: 25824321 PMCID: PMC4438878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the prognostic and predictive values of serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were evaluated in triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC and non-TNBC). The aim was to identify a group of serological biomarkers and to identify possible candidates for targeted therapy in patients with TNBC and non-TNBC. Protein levels of TGF-β1, IGF-I/IGF-IR and VEGF-A in the serum were measured in 43 TNBC, 53 non-TNBC and 20 normal control participants using quantitative ELISA assays. Results were correlated against standard prognostic factors, response to treatment and survival. TNBC was identified to be associated with poor prognosis and serum levels of VEGF-A and IGF/IGF-IR were significantly higher in the TNBC group compared with the non-TNBC group. IGF-IR and VEGF-A overexpression was observed to be correlated with TGF-β1 expression and all of the markers investigated were associated with metastasis and disease progression. In the multivariate analysis, VEGF-A, IGF-I and IGF-IR were observed to be independent predictors for overall survival, whereas TGF-β1 and lymph node status were identified as independent predictors for disease-free survival. The overall response rate was significantly lower in patients with TNBC and those with high levels of TGF-β1, IGF-I/IGF-IR and VEGF-A. In view of the present results, it was concluded that TGF-β1, IGF-I/IGF-IR and VEGF-A overexpression is associated with the presence of aggressive tumors, which exhibit an increased probability of metastasis, a poor response to treatment and reduced survival rate. This indicates that VEGF-A, IGF-IR and IGF-I have the potential to be used as surrogate biomarkers and are promising candidates for targeted therapy, particularly in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Bahhnassy
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Sabry Shaarawy
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Manal F Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Bastawisy
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Ashmawy
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman Zekri
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
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Cutaneous keratoacanthomas/squamous cell carcinomas associated with neutralization of transforming growth factor β by the monoclonal antibody fresolimumab (GC1008). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:437-46. [PMID: 25579378 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fresolimumab is an antibody capable of neutralizing all human isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and has demonstrated anticancer activity in investigational studies. Inhibition of TGFβ by fresolimumab can potentially result in the development of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous neoplasms associated with fresolimumab. Skin biopsies (n = 24) were collected and analyzed from patients (n = 5) with treatment-emergent, cutaneous lesions arising during a phase 1 study of multiple doses of fresolimumab in patients (n = 29) with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. Blinded, independent histological review and measurements of Ki-67, p53, and HPV integration were performed. Based on central review, four patients developed lesions with histological characteristics of keratoacanthomas, and of these patients, a single case of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was also found. Expression of Ki-67, no evidence of p53 overexpression, and only focal positivity for human papillomavirus RNA by in situ hybridization in 4/18 cases were consistent with these findings. Following completion of fresolimumab, lesions spontaneously resolved. Therefore, benign, reversible keratoacanthomas were the most common cutaneous neoplasms observed, a finding of importance for adverse event monitoring, patient care, and optimization of therapies targeting TGFβ.
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Pattabiraman DR, Weinberg RA. Tackling the cancer stem cells - what challenges do they pose? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:497-512. [PMID: 24981363 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their identification in 1994, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been objects of intensive study. Their properties and mechanisms of formation have become a major focus of current cancer research, in part because of their enhanced ability to initiate and drive tumour growth and their intrinsic resistance to conventional therapeutics. The discovery that activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programme in carcinoma cells can give rise to cells with stem-like properties has provided one possible mechanism explaining how CSCs arise and presents a possible avenue for their therapeutic manipulation. Here we address recent developments in CSC research, focusing on carcinomas that are able to undergo EMT. We discuss the signalling pathways that create these cells, cell-intrinsic mechanisms that could be exploited for selective elimination or induction of their differentiation, and the role of the tumour microenvironment in sustaining them. Finally, we propose ways to use our current knowledge of the complex biology of CSCs to design novel therapies to eliminate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar R Pattabiraman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; and the MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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43
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Bokhari AA, Lee LR, Raboteau D, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Rodriguez GC, Syed V. Progesterone Inhibits Endometrial Cancer Invasiveness by Inhibiting the TGFβ Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Sun X, Ingman WV. Cytokine networks that mediate epithelial cell-macrophage crosstalk in the mammary gland: implications for development and cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:191-201. [PMID: 24924120 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between the hormone responsive mammary gland epithelium and surrounding stromal macrophage populations are critical for normal development and function of the mammary gland. Macrophages are versatile cells capable of diverse roles in mammary gland development and maintenance of homeostasis, and their function is highly dependent on signals within the local cytokine microenvironment. The mammary epithelium secretes a number of cytokines, including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) that affect the abundance, phenotype and function of macrophages. However, aberrations in these interactions have been found to increase the risk of tumour formation, and utilisation of stromal macrophage support by tumours can increase the invasive and metastatic potential of the cancer. Studies utilising genetically modified mouse models have shed light on the significance of epithelial cell-macrophage crosstalk, and the cytokines that mediate this communication, in mammary gland development and tumourigenesis. This article reviews the current status of our understanding of the roles of epithelial cell-derived cytokines in mammary gland development and cancer, with a focus on the crosstalk between epithelial cells and the local macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Yoshida S, Higuchi M, Ueharu H, Nishimura N, Tsuda M, Yako H, Chen M, Mitsuishi H, Sano Y, Kato T, Kato Y. Characterization of murine pituitary-derived cell lines Tpit/F1, Tpit/E and TtT/GF. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:295-303. [PMID: 24881870 PMCID: PMC4139504 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is an important endocrine tissue of the vertebrate that produces and secretes many hormones. Accumulating data
suggest that several types of cells compose the pituitary, and there is growing interest in elucidating the origin of these cell
types and their roles in pituitary organogenesis. Therein, the histogenous cell line is an extremely valuable experimental tool
for investigating the function of derived tissue. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles by microarray analysis and
real-time PCR for murine pituitary tumor-derived non-hormone-producing cell lines TtT/GF, Tpit/F1 and Tpit/E. Several genes are
characteristically expressed in each cell line: Abcg2, Nestin, Prrx1,
Prrx2, CD34, Eng, Cspg4 (Ng2),
S100β and nNos in TtT/GF; Cxcl12, Raldh1,
Msx1 and Twist1 in Tpit/F1; and Cxadr, Sox9,
Cdh1, EpCAM and Krt8 in Tpit/E. Ultimately, we came to the following conclusions: TtT/GF cells
show the most differentiated state, and may have some properties of the pituitary vascular endothelial cell and/or pericyte.
Tpit/F1 cells show the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes with stemness still in a transiting state. Tpit/E cells have a
phenotype of epithelial cells and are the most immature cells in the progression of differentiation or in the initial
endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, these three cell lines must be useful model cell lines for investigating pituitary
stem/progenitor cells as well as organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saishu Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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Zarzynska JM. Two faces of TGF-beta1 in breast cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:141747. [PMID: 24891760 PMCID: PMC4033515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/141747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is potentially life-threatening malignancy that still causes high mortality among women. Scientific research in this field is focused on deeper understanding of pathogenesis and progressing of BC, in order to develop relevant diagnosis and improve therapeutic treatment. Multifunctional cytokine TGF- β 1 is one of many factors that have a direct influence on BC pathophysiology. Expression of TGF- β 1, induction of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways, and mutations in genes encoding TGF- β 1 and its receptors are correlated with oncogenic activity of this cytokine. In early stages of BC this cytokine inhibits epithelial cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis, showing tumor suppressive effects. However, in late stages, TGF- β 1 is linked with increased tumor progression, higher cell motility, cancer invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also involved in cancer microenvironment modification and promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the phenomenon called "TGF- β 1 paradox", showing that better understanding of TGF- β 1 functions can be a step towards development of new therapeutic approaches. According to current knowledge several drugs against TGF- β 1 have been developed and are either in nonclinical or in early stages of clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Magdalena Zarzynska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Denoyer D, Kusuma N, Burrows A, Ling X, Jupp L, Anderson RL, Pouliot N. Bone-derived soluble factors and laminin-511 cooperate to promote migration, invasion and survival of bone-metastatic breast tumor cells. Growth Factors 2014; 32:63-73. [PMID: 24601751 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.894037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors are thought to contribute to bone metastasis but little is known about how they cooperate to promote breast cancer spread to bone. We used the bone-metastatic 4T1BM2 mammary carcinoma model to investigate the cooperative interactions between tumor LM-511 and bone-derived soluble factors in vitro. We show that bone conditioned medium cooperates with LM-511 to enhance 4T1BM2 cell migration and invasion and is sufficient alone to promote survival in the absence of serum. These responses were associated with increased secretion of MMP-9 and activation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways and were partially blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of MMP-9, AKT-1/2 or MEK. Importantly, pre-treatment of 4T1BM2 cells with an AKT-1/2 inhibitor significantly reduced experimental metastasis to bone in vivo. Promotion of survival and invasive responses by bone-derived soluble factors and tumor-derived LM-511 are likely to contribute to the metastatic spread of breast tumors to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Denoyer
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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The regulation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumor promotion by estradiol in female A/J mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93152. [PMID: 24682076 PMCID: PMC3969372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that women are at a higher risk developing lung cancer than men are. It is suggested that estrogen is one of the most important factors in lung cancer development in females. Additionally, cigarette smoke, and environmental pollutants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), may play salient roles in female lung carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the interaction of these factors in the promotion of lung cancer are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to explore two ideas: first, the synergistic lung tumorigenic effects of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol (NNK) combined with TCDD, 17β-estradiol (E2) or both through a long-term treatment experiment, and second, to identify early changes in the inflammatory and signaling pathways through short-term treatment experiments. The results indicate that A/J mice given E2 had strong effects in potentiating NNK-induced activation of MAPK signaling, NFκB, and COX-2 expression. In the long-term exposure model, E2 had a strong tumor promoting effect, whereas TCDD antagonized this effect in A/J mice. We conclude that treatment with NNK combined with either E2 or TCDD induces lung carcinogenesis and the promotion effects could be correlated with lung inflammation. E2 was shown to potentiate NNK-induced inflammation, cell proliferation, thereby leading to lung tumorigenesis.
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49
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Morris JC, Tan AR, Olencki TE, Shapiro GI, Dezube BJ, Reiss M, Hsu FJ, Berzofsky JA, Lawrence DP. Phase I study of GC1008 (fresolimumab): a human anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody in patients with advanced malignant melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90353. [PMID: 24618589 PMCID: PMC3949712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In advanced cancers, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) promotes tumor growth and metastases and suppresses host antitumor immunity. GC1008 is a human anti-TGFβ monoclonal antibody that neutralizes all isoforms of TGFβ. Here, the safety and activity of GC1008 was evaluated in patients with advanced malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Methods In this multi-center phase I trial, cohorts of patients with previously treated malignant melanoma or renal cell carcinoma received intravenous GC1008 at 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, or 15 mg/kg on days 0, 28, 42, and 56. Patients achieving at least stable disease were eligible to receive Extended Treatment consisting of 4 doses of GC1008 every 2 weeks for up to 2 additional courses. Pharmacokinetic and exploratory biomarker assessments were performed. Results Twenty-nine patients, 28 with malignant melanoma and 1 with renal cell carcinoma, were enrolled and treated, 22 in the dose-escalation part and 7 in a safety cohort expansion. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, and the maximum dose, 15 mg/kg, was determined to be safe. The development of reversible cutaneous keratoacanthomas/squamous-cell carcinomas (4 patients) and hyperkeratosis was the major adverse event observed. One malignant melanoma patient achieved a partial response, and six had stable disease with a median progression-free survival of 24 weeks for these 7 patients (range, 16.4–44.4 weeks). Conclusions GC1008 had no dose-limiting toxicity up to 15 mg/kg. In patients with advanced malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, multiple doses of GC1008 demonstrated acceptable safety and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity, warranting further studies of single agent and combination treatments. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00356460
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Morris
- Vaccine Branch and Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Olencki
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Dezube
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Reiss
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Frank J Hsu
- Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch and Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald P Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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50
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the cancer stem cell model in which a subset of cancer cells possessing stem cell properties, referred to as tumor-initiating or cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), play crucial roles in multiple aspects of cancer. Recent studies have started to characterize the crucial role of various cytokines in the tumor microenvironment in regulating the fate of CSCs. In this review, we summarized some of the latest findings on cytokines that drive breast cancer stemness and their mechanisms of action. These cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, CCL2 and TGF-β, are frequently elevated in breast tumors and may hold promise as potential therapeutic targets to eradicate CSCs. In combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy targeting rapidly proliferating cancer cells, intervention of the cancer stemness-driving cytokines may achieve additional benefits for breast cancer patients by suppressing CSC-promoted cancer progression, recurrence, and drug refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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