1
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Leslie TK, Tripp A, James AD, Fraser SP, Nelson M, Sajjaboontawee N, Capatina AL, Toss M, Fadhil W, Salvage SC, Garcia MA, Beykou M, Rakha E, Speirs V, Bakal C, Poulogiannis G, Djamgoz MBA, Jackson AP, Matthews HR, Huang CLH, Holding AN, Chawla S, Brackenbury WJ. A novel Na v1.5-dependent feedback mechanism driving glycolytic acidification in breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2024; 43:2578-2594. [PMID: 39048659 PMCID: PMC11329375 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumours have abnormally high intracellular [Na+]. The activity of various Na+ channels may underlie this Na+ accumulation. Voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) have been shown to be functionally active in cancer cell lines, where they promote invasion. However, the mechanisms involved, and clinical relevance, are incompletely understood. Here, we show that protein expression of the Nav1.5 VGSC subtype strongly correlates with increased metastasis and shortened cancer-specific survival in breast cancer patients. In addition, VGSCs are functionally active in patient-derived breast tumour cells, cell lines, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Knockdown of Nav1.5 in a mouse model of breast cancer suppresses expression of invasion-regulating genes. Nav1.5 activity increases ATP demand and glycolysis in breast cancer cells, likely by upregulating activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase, thus promoting H+ production and extracellular acidification. The pH of murine xenograft tumours is lower at the periphery than in the core, in regions of higher proliferation and lower apoptosis. In turn, acidic extracellular pH elevates persistent Na+ influx through Nav1.5 into breast cancer cells. Together, these findings show positive feedback between extracellular acidification and the movement of Na+ into cancer cells which can facilitate invasion. These results highlight the clinical significance of Nav1.5 activity as a potentiator of breast cancer metastasis and provide further evidence supporting the use of VGSC inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Leslie
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Aurelien Tripp
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andrew D James
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Scott P Fraser
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nattanan Sajjaboontawee
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alina L Capatina
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Michael Toss
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wakkas Fadhil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Mar Arias Garcia
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Melina Beykou
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, TRNC, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Antony P Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh R Matthews
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew N Holding
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK.
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2
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Liu H, Weng J, Huang CLH, Jackson AP. Voltage-gated sodium channels in cancers. Biomark Res 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 39060933 PMCID: PMC11282680 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) initiate action potentials in electrically excitable cells and tissues. Surprisingly, some VGSC genes are aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, derived from "non-excitable" tissues that do not generate classic action potentials, showing potential as a promising pharmacological target for cancer. Most of the previous review articles on this topic are limited in scope, and largely unable to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the role of VGSC in cancers. Here, we review the expression patterns of all nine VGSC α-subunit genes (SCN1A-11A) and their four regulatory β-subunit genes (SCN1B-4B). We reviewed data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, complemented by an extensive search of the published papers. We summarized and reviewed previous independent studies and analyzed the VGSC genes in the TCGA database regarding the potential impact of VGSC on cancers. A comparison between evidence gathered from independent studies and data review was performed to scrutinize potential biases in prior research and provide insights into future research directions. The review supports the view that VGSCs play an important role in diagnostics as well as therapeutics of some cancer types, such as breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancer. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on voltage-gated sodium channels in cancer, as well as potential avenues for further research. While further research is required to fully understand the role of VGSCs in cancer, the potential of VGSCs for clinical diagnosis and treatment is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Jieling Weng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Antony P Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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3
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Exploring monocarboxylate transporter inhibition for cancer treatment. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:135-169. [PMID: 38464385 PMCID: PMC10918235 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells are separated from the environment by a lipid bilayer membrane that is relatively impermeable to solutes. The transport of ions and small molecules across this membrane is an essential process in cell biology and metabolism. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) belong to a vast family of solute carriers (SLCs) that facilitate the transport of certain hydrophylic small compounds through the bilipid cell membrane. The existence of 446 genes that code for SLCs is the best evidence of their importance. In-depth research on MCTs is quite recent and probably promoted by their role in cancer development and progression. Importantly, it has recently been realized that these transporters represent an interesting target for cancer treatment. The search for clinically useful monocarboxylate inhibitors is an even more recent field. There is limited pre-clinical and clinical experience with new inhibitors and their precise mechanism of action is still under investigation. What is common to all of them is the inhibition of lactate transport. This review discusses the structure and function of MCTs, their participation in cancer, and old and newly developed inhibitors. Some suggestions on how to improve their anticancer effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Murugan NJ, Cariba S, Abeygunawardena S, Rouleau N, Payne SL. Biophysical control of plasticity and patterning in regeneration and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:9. [PMID: 38099951 PMCID: PMC10724343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues display a remarkable range of plasticity and tissue-patterning activities that are emergent of complex signaling dynamics within their microenvironments. These properties, which when operating normally guide embryogenesis and regeneration, become highly disordered in diseases such as cancer. While morphogens and other molecular factors help determine the shapes of tissues and their patterned cellular organization, the parallel contributions of biophysical control mechanisms must be considered to accurately predict and model important processes such as growth, maturation, injury, repair, and senescence. We now know that mechanical, optical, electric, and electromagnetic signals are integral to cellular plasticity and tissue patterning. Because biophysical modalities underly interactions between cells and their extracellular matrices, including cell cycle, metabolism, migration, and differentiation, their applications as tuning dials for regenerative and anti-cancer therapies are being rapidly exploited. Despite this, the importance of cellular communication through biophysical signaling remains disproportionately underrepresented in the literature. Here, we provide a review of biophysical signaling modalities and known mechanisms that initiate, modulate, or inhibit plasticity and tissue patterning in models of regeneration and cancer. We also discuss current approaches in biomedical engineering that harness biophysical control mechanisms to model, characterize, diagnose, and treat disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Solsa Cariba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Feng S, Wei F, Shi H, Chen S, Wang B, Huang D, Luo L. Roles of salt‑inducible kinases in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:118. [PMID: 37654200 PMCID: PMC10546379 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt inducible kinases (SIKs) with three subtypes SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, belong to the AMP‑activated protein kinase family. They are expressed ubiquitously in humans. Under normal circumstances, SIK1 regulates adrenocortical function in response to high salt or adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, SIK2 is involved in cell metabolism, controlling insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis and SIK3 coordinates with the mTOR complex, promoting cancer. The dysregulation of SIKs has been widely detected in various types of cancers. Based on most of the existing studies, SIK1 is mostly considered a tumor inhibitor, SIK2 and SIK3 are usually associated with tumor promotion. However, the functions of SIKs have shown contradictory in certain tumors, suggesting that SIKs cannot be simply classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The present review provided a comprehensive summary of the roles of SIKs in the initiation and progression of different cancers, aiming to elucidate their clinical value and discuss potential strategies for targeting SIKs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bangqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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7
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Bian Y, Tuo J, He L, Li W, Li S, Chu H, Zhao Y. Voltage-gated sodium channels in cancer and their specific inhibitors. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154909. [PMID: 37939447 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) participate in generating and spreading action potentials in electrically excited cells such as neurons and muscle fibers. Abnormal expression of VGSCs has been observed in various types of tumors, while they are either not expressed or expressed at a low level in the matching normal tissue. Hence, this abnormal expression suggests that VGSCs confer some advantage or viability on tumor cells, making them a valuable indicator for identifying tumor cells. In addition, overexpression of VGSCs increased the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and invade, as well as correlated with the metastatic behavior of different cancers. Therefore, blocking VGSCs presents a new strategy for the treatment of cancers. A portion of this review summarizes the structure and function of VGSCs and also describes the correlation between VGSCs and cancers. Most importantly, we provide an overview of current research on various subtype-selective VGSC inhibitors and updates on ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bian
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiale Tuo
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Liangpeng He
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Shangxiao Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117004, PR China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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8
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Keleş D, Sipahi M, İnanç-Sürer Ş, Djamgoz MB, Oktay G. Tetracaine downregulates matrix metalloproteinase activity and inhibits invasiveness of strongly metastatic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110730. [PMID: 37806380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetracaine, a long-acting amino ester-type local anesthetic, prevents the initiation and propagation of action potentials by reversibly blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). These channels, which are highly expressed in several carcinomas (e.g. breast, prostate, colon and lung cancers) have been implicated in promoting metastatic behaviours. Recent evidence suggests that local anesthetics can suppress cancer progression. In this paper, we aimed to explore whether tetracaine would reduce the invasive characteristics of breast cancer cells. In a comparative approach, we used two cell lines of contracting metastatic potential: MDA-MB-231 (strongly metastatic) and MCF-7 (weakly metastatic). Tetracaine (50 μM and 75 μM) did not affect the proliferation of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Importantly, tetracaine suppressed the migratory, invasive, and adhesive capacities of MDA-MB-231 cells; there was no effect on the motility of MCF-7 cells. Tetracaine treatment also significantly decreased the expression and activity levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, whilst increasing TIMP-2 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. On the other hand, VGSC α/Nav1.5 and VGSC-β1 mRNA and protein expression levels were not affected. We conclude that tetracaine has anti-invasive effects on breast cancer cells and may be exploited clinically, for example, in surgery and/or in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Keleş
- Izmir University of Economics, Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques, 35330, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 35340, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Sipahi
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 35340, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Şeniz İnanç-Sürer
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 35340, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ba Djamgoz
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK; Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Gülgün Oktay
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 35340, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
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9
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Sanchez-Sandoval AL, Hernández-Plata E, Gomora JC. Voltage-gated sodium channels: from roles and mechanisms in the metastatic cell behavior to clinical potential as therapeutic targets. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1206136. [PMID: 37456756 PMCID: PMC10348687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1206136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During the second half of the last century, the prevalent knowledge recognized the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) as the proteins responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. However, over the last 25 years, new non-canonical roles of VGSCs in cancer hallmarks have been uncovered. Their dysregulated expression and activity have been associated with aggressive features and cancer progression towards metastatic stages, suggesting the potential use of VGSCs as cancer markers and prognostic factors. Recent work has elicited essential information about the signalling pathways modulated by these channels: coupling membrane activity to transcriptional regulation pathways, intracellular and extracellular pH regulation, invadopodia maturation, and proteolytic activity. In a promising scenario, the inhibition of VGSCs with FDA-approved drugs as well as with new synthetic compounds, reduces cancer cell invasion in vitro and cancer progression in vivo. The purpose of this review is to present an update regarding recent advances and ongoing efforts to have a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms on the involvement of both pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits of VGSCs in the metastatic processes, with the aim at proposing VGSCs as new oncological markers and targets for anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Sanchez-Sandoval
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de México “Dr Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Hernández-Plata
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías and Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Kocot-Kępska M, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Makuch W, Zajączkowska R, Dobrogowski J, Przeklasa-Muszyńska A, Mika J. Phenytoin Decreases Pain-like Behaviors and Improves Opioid Analgesia in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:858. [PMID: 37371338 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain remains a clinical challenge due to its complex and not yet fully understood pathomechanism, which result in limited analgesic effectiveness of the management offered, particularly for patients with acute, refractory neuropathic pain states. In addition to the introduction of several modern therapeutic approaches, such as neuromodulation or novel anti-neuropathic drugs, significant efforts have been made in the repurposing of well-known substances such as phenytoin. Although its main mechanism of action occurs at sodium channels in excitable and non-excitable cells and is well documented, how the drug affects the disturbed neuropathic interactions at the spinal cord level and how it influences morphine-induced analgesia have not been clarified, both being crucial from a clinical perspective. We demonstrated that single and repeated systemic administrations of phenytoin decreased tactile and thermal hypersensitivity in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Importantly, we observed an increase in the antinociceptive effect on thermal stimuli with repeated administrations of phenytoin. This is the first study to report that phenytoin improves morphine-induced antinociceptive effects and influences microglia/macrophage activity at the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion levels in a neuropathic pain model. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenytoin may represent an effective strategy for neuropathic pain management in clinical practice, particularly when combination with opioids is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kocot-Kępska
- Department of Pain Research and Treatment, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Zajączkowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Intensive Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Dobrogowski
- Department of Pain Research and Treatment, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Przeklasa-Muszyńska
- Department of Pain Research and Treatment, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Pukkanasut P, Whitt J, Guenter R, Lynch SE, Gallegos C, Rosendo-Pineda MJ, Gomora JC, Chen H, Lin D, Sorace A, Jaskula-Sztul R, Velu SE. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.7 Inhibitors with Potent Anticancer Activities in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2806. [PMID: 37345144 PMCID: PMC10216335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our results from quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and the tissue microarray of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cell lines and patient specimens confirm that VGSC subtype NaV1.7 is uniquely expressed in aggressive MTC and not expressed in normal thyroid cells and tissues. We establish the druggability of NaV1.7 in MTC by identifying a novel inhibitor (SV188) and investigate its mode of binding and ability to inhibit INa current in NaV1.7. The whole-cell patch-clamp studies of the SV188 in the NaV1.7 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells show that SV188 inhibited the INa current in NaV1.7 with an IC50 value of 3.6 µM by a voltage- and use-dependent blockade mechanism, and the maximum inhibitory effect is observed when the channel is open. SV188 inhibited the viability of MTC cell lines, MZ-CRC-1 and TT, with IC50 values of 8.47 μM and 9.32 μM, respectively, and significantly inhibited the invasion of MZ-CRC-1 cells by 35% and 52% at 3 μM and 6 μM, respectively. In contrast, SV188 had no effect on the invasion of TT cells derived from primary tumor, which have lower basal expression of NaV1.7. In addition, SV188 at 3 μM significantly inhibited the migration of MZ-CRC-1 and TT cells by 27% and 57%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyasuda Pukkanasut
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Shannon E. Lynch
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (C.G.)
| | - Carlos Gallegos
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (C.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Margarita Jacaranda Rosendo-Pineda
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.J.R.-P.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.J.R.-P.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Diana Lin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Anna Sorace
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (C.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (H.C.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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12
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Leslie TK, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium channels and the ionic microenvironment of breast tumours. J Physiol 2023; 601:1543-1553. [PMID: 36183245 PMCID: PMC10953337 DOI: 10.1113/jp282306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of epithelial origin such as breast, prostate, cervical, gastric, colon and lung cancer account for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Better treatment of metastasis, the main cause of cancer deaths, is therefore urgently required. Several of these tumours have been shown to have an abnormally high concentration of Na+ ([Na+ ]) and emerging evidence points to this accumulation being due to elevated intracellular [Na+ ]. This poses intriguing questions about the cellular mechanisms underlying Na+ dysregulation in cancer, and its pathophysiological significance. Elevated intracellular [Na+ ] may be due to alterations in activity of the Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and/or increased influx via Na+ channels and Na+ -linked transporters. Maintenance of the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is vital to power many cellular processes that are highly active in cancer cells, including glucose and glutamine import. Na+ channels are also upregulated in cancer cells, which in turn promotes tumour growth and metastasis. For example, ENaC and ASICs are overexpressed in cancers, increasing invasion and proliferation. In addition, voltage-gated Na+ channels are also upregulated in a range of tumour types, where they promote metastatic cell behaviours via various mechanisms, including membrane potential depolarisation and altered pH regulation. Together, recent findings relating to elevated Na+ in the tumour microenvironment and how this may be regulated by several classes of Na+ channels provide a link between altered Na+ handling and poor clinical outcome. There are new opportunities to leverage this altered Na+ microenvironment for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by several ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Leslie
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
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13
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Morphoceuticals: perspectives for discovery of drugs targeting anatomical control mechanisms in regenerative medicine, cancer and aging. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103585. [PMID: 37059328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Morphoceuticals are a new class of interventions that target the setpoints of anatomical homeostasis for efficient, modular control of growth and form. Here, we focus on a subclass: electroceuticals, which specifically target the cellular bioelectrical interface. Cellular collectives in all tissues form bioelectrical networks via ion channels and gap junctions that process morphogenetic information, controlling gene expression and allowing cell networks to adaptively and dynamically control growth and pattern formation. Recent progress in understanding this physiological control system, including predictive computational models, suggests that targeting bioelectrical interfaces can control embryogenesis and maintain shape against injury, senescence and tumorigenesis. We propose a roadmap for drug discovery focused on manipulating endogenous bioelectric signaling for regenerative medicine, cancer suppression and antiaging therapeutics. Teaser: By taking advantage of the native problem-solving competencies of cells and tissues, a new kind of top-down approach to biomedicine becomes possible. Bioelectricity offers an especially tractable interface for interventions targeting the software of life for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Wiggins L, Lord A, Murphy KL, Lacy SE, O'Toole PJ, Brackenbury WJ, Wilson J. The CellPhe toolkit for cell phenotyping using time-lapse imaging and pattern recognition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1854. [PMID: 37012230 PMCID: PMC10070448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With phenotypic heterogeneity in whole cell populations widely recognised, the demand for quantitative and temporal analysis approaches to characterise single cell morphology and dynamics has increased. We present CellPhe, a pattern recognition toolkit for the unbiased characterisation of cellular phenotypes within time-lapse videos. CellPhe imports tracking information from multiple segmentation and tracking algorithms to provide automated cell phenotyping from different imaging modalities, including fluorescence. To maximise data quality for downstream analysis, our toolkit includes automated recognition and removal of erroneous cell boundaries induced by inaccurate tracking and segmentation. We provide an extensive list of features extracted from individual cell time series, with custom feature selection to identify variables that provide greatest discrimination for the analysis in question. Using ensemble classification for accurate prediction of cellular phenotype and clustering algorithms for the characterisation of heterogeneous subsets, we validate and prove adaptability using different cell types and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wiggins
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alice Lord
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Killian L Murphy
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, UK
| | - Stuart E Lacy
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, UK
| | - Peter J O'Toole
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Julie Wilson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, UK.
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15
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James AD, Unthank KP, Jones I, Sajjaboontawee N, Sizer RE, Chawla S, Evans GJO, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium regulates PLC and IP 3 R-mediated calcium signaling in invasive breast cancer cells. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15663. [PMID: 37017052 PMCID: PMC10074044 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Na+ homeostasis are inextricably linked via ion channels and co-transporters, with alterations in the concentration of one ion having profound effects on the other. Evidence indicates that intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+ ]i ) is elevated in breast tumors, and that aberrant Ca2+ signaling regulates numerous key cancer hallmark processes. The present study therefore aimed to determine the effects of Na+ depletion on intracellular Ca2+ handling in metastatic breast cancer cell lines. The relationship between Na+ and Ca2+ was probed using fura-2 and SBFI fluorescence imaging and replacement of extracellular Na+ with equimolar N-methyl-D-glucamine (0Na+ /NMDG) or choline chloride (0Na+ /ChoCl). In triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and Her2+ SKBR3 cells, but not ER+ MCF-7 cells, 0Na+ /NMDG and 0Na+ /ChoCl resulted in a slow, sustained depletion in [Na+ ]i that was accompanied by a rapid and sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ). Application of La3+ in nominal Ca2+ -free conditions had no effect on this response, ruling out reverse-mode NCX activity and Ca2+ entry channels. Moreover, the Na+ -linked [Ca2+ ]i increase was independent of membrane potential hyperpolarization (NS-1619), but was inhibited by pharmacological blockade of IP3 receptors (2-APB), phospholipase C (PLC, U73122) or following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores (cyclopiazonic acid). Thus, Na+ is linked to PLC/IP3 -mediated activation of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in metastatic breast cancer cells and this may have an important role in breast tumors where [Na+ ]i is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. James
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Nattanan Sajjaboontawee
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Gareth J. O. Evans
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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16
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Sakellakis M, Chalkias A. The Role οf Ion Channels in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:227-242. [PMID: 36600143 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels have major regulatory functions in living cells. Apart from their role in ion transport, they are responsible for cellular electrogenesis and excitability, and may also regulate tissue homeostasis. Although cancer is not officially classified as a channelopathy, it has been increasingly recognized that ion channel aberrations play an important role in virtually all cancer types. Ion channels can exert pro-tumorigenic activities due to genetic or epigenetic alterations, or as a response to molecular signals, such as growth factors, hormones, etc. Increasing evidence suggests that ion channels and pumps play a critical role in the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. There is also evidence suggesting that ion channels might play a role in treatment failure in patients with prostate cancer. Hence, they represent promising targets for diagnosis, staging, and treatment, and their effects may be of particular significance for specific patient populations, including those undergoing anesthesia and surgery. In this article, the role of major types of ion channels involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer are reviewed. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pro-tumorigenic effects of ion channels may potentially inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies to counter this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Hellenic GU Cancer Group, Athens, Greece. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 9 Ethnarchou Makariou, 18547, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Chalkias
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Fairhurst C, Martin F, Watt I, Bland M, Doran T, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer-specific survival: a population-based study of electronic primary care data. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064376. [PMID: 36737094 PMCID: PMC9900071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic drugs inhibit voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels (VGSCs), and preclinical studies show that these medications reduce tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the association between VGSC inhibitor use and survival in patients with breast, bowel and prostate cancer. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Individual electronic primary healthcare records extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PARTICIPANTS Records for 132 996 patients with a diagnosis of breast, bowel or prostate cancer. OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse cancer-specific survival associated with exposure to VGSC inhibitors. Exposure to non-VGSC-inhibiting antiepileptic medication and other non-VGSC blockers were also considered. Drug exposure was treated as a time-varying covariate to account for immortal time bias. RESULTS During 1 002 225 person-years of follow-up, there were 42 037 cancer-specific deaths. 53 724 (40.4%) patients with cancer had at least one prescription for a VGSC inhibitor of interest. Increased risk of cancer-specific mortality was associated with exposure to this group of drugs (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.63, p<0.001). This applied to VGSC-inhibiting tricyclic antidepressants (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.65, p<0.001), local anaesthetics (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.55, p<0.001) and anticonvulsants (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48, p<0.001) and persisted in sensitivity analyses. In contrast, exposure to VGSC-inhibiting class 1c and 1d antiarrhythmics was associated with significantly improved cancer-specific survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88, p<0.001 and HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.88, p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Association between VGSC inhibitor use and mortality in patients with cancer varies according to indication. Exposure to VGSC-inhibiting antiarrhythmics, but not anticonvulsants, supports findings from preclinical data, with improved survival. However, additional confounding factors may underlie these associations, highlighting the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Martin
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Watt
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Tim Doran
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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18
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Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032530. [PMID: 36768856 PMCID: PMC9916861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels provide the basis for the nervous system's intrinsic electrical activity. Neuronal excitability is a characteristic property of neurons and is critical for all functions of the nervous system. Glia cells fulfill essential supportive roles, but unlike neurons, they also retain the ability to divide. This can lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of gliomas. Ion channels are involved in the unique biology of gliomas pertaining to peritumoral pathology and seizures, diffuse invasion, and treatment resistance. The emerging picture shows ion channels in the brain at the crossroads of neurophysiology and fundamental pathophysiological processes of specific cancer behaviors as reflected by uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, resistance to apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Ion channels are highly druggable, making them an enticing therapeutic target. Targeting ion channels in difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as gliomas requires an understanding of their extremely heterogenous tumor microenvironment and highly diverse molecular profiles, both representing major causes of recurrence and treatment resistance. In this review, we survey the current knowledge on ion channels with oncogenic behavior within the heterogeneous group of gliomas, review ion channel gene expression as genomic biomarkers for glioma prognosis and provide an update on therapeutic perspectives for repurposed and novel ion channel inhibitors and electrotherapy.
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19
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Erdogan MA, Yuca E, Ashour A, Gurbuz N, Sencan S, Ozpolat B. SCN5A promotes the growth and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer through EF2-kinase signaling. Life Sci 2023; 313:121282. [PMID: 36526045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yuca
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nilgun Gurbuz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sevide Sencan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Dr. Marr and Roy Neil Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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20
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Wu W, Yin Y, Feng P, Chen G, Pan L, Gu P, Zhou S, Lin F, Ji S, Zheng C, Deng M. Spider venom-derived peptide JZTX-14 prevents migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via inhibition of sodium channels. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067665. [PMID: 37033662 PMCID: PMC10076671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 channel is crucial for the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of JZTX-14, a natural peptide considered an effective antagonist of Nav1.5. First, we successfully isolated and purified the 31 amino acid peptide JZTX-14 containing three pairs of disulfide bonds from spider venom and synthesised JZTX-14 by solid phase synthesis. We then predicted their physiochemical properties and structures in the peptide database. Further, we investigated the effects of natural and synthetic JZTX-14 on the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via modulation of sodium current through the Nav1.5 channel. The results showed that both synthetic and natural JZTX-14 inhibited Nav1.5 currents, indicating the successful synthesis of JZTX-14. However, JZTX-14 did not affect MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation but inhibited its migration. Transcriptome analysis revealed that JZTX-14 downregulated S100A4 and FBXO2 and upregulated SERPINB2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated an increased level of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and decreased levels of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), indicating the possible underlying mechanism of the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration by JZTX-14. This study provides a new target for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis and identifies a potent natural peptide for treating Triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peihao Feng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangyu Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panyang Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fulong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Meichun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Meichun Deng,
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21
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Lopez-Charcas O, Poisson L, Benouna O, Lemoine R, Chadet S, Pétereau A, Lahlou W, Guyétant S, Ouaissi M, Pukkanasut P, Dutta S, Velu SE, Besson P, Moussata D, Roger S. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.5 Controls NHE-1-Dependent Invasive Properties in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010046. [PMID: 36612049 PMCID: PMC9817685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 0.9 million deaths per year. The metastatic stage of the disease is identified in about 20% of cases at the first diagnosis and is associated with low patient-survival rates. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) are abnormally overexpressed in several carcinomas including CRC and are strongly associated with the metastatic behavior of cancer cells. Acidification of the extracellular space by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) contributes to extracellular matrix degradation and cell invasiveness. In this study, we assessed the expression levels of pore-forming α-subunits of NaV channels and NHE exchangers in tumor and adjacent non-malignant tissues from colorectal cancer patients, CRC cell lines and primary tumor cells. In all cases, SCN5A (gene encoding for NaV1.5) was overexpressed and positively correlated with cancer stage and poor survival prognosis for patients. In addition, we identified an anatomical differential expression of SCN5A and SLC9A1 (gene encoding for NHE-1) being particularly relevant for tumors that originated on the sigmoid colon epithelium. The functional activity of NaV1.5 channels was characterized in CRC cell lines and the primary cells of colon tumors obtained using tumor explant methodologies. Furthermore, we assessed the performance of two new small-molecule NaV1.5 inhibitors on the reduction of sodium currents, as well as showed that silencing SCN5A and SLC9A1 substantially reduced the 2D invasive capabilities of cancer cells. Thus, our findings show that both NaV1.5 and NHE-1 represent two promising targetable membrane proteins against the metastatic progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (O.L.-C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +33-2-47-36-61-30 (S.R.)
| | - Lucile Poisson
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Oumnia Benouna
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Adrien Pétereau
- Service D’anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Widad Lahlou
- Service D’hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Serge Guyétant
- Service D’anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Oncologique, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Piyasuda Pukkanasut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1240, USA
| | - Shilpa Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1240, USA
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1240, USA
| | - Pierre Besson
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Driffa Moussata
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Service D’hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (O.L.-C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +33-2-47-36-61-30 (S.R.)
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Diržiuvienė R, Šlekienė L, Palubinskienė J, Balnytė I, Lasienė K, Stakišaitis D, Valančiūtė A. Tumors derived from lung cancer cells respond differently to treatment with sodium valproate (a HDAC inhibitor) in a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:1201-1212. [PMID: 35703146 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death. Some human lung malignant tumors have a combined small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histology, with tumor cell phenotype changing during tumor progression. Valproic acid is used as an anti-seizure medication to treat migraine, and bipolar mood disorders. Recently, its efficacy as an adjuvant therapy was shown in cancer due to its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory property. HDACs are upregulated in lung tumors, and HDAC inhibitors, including valproic acid, inhibit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and have antiproliferative and antimigratory properties. We tested valproic acid for possible antiangiogenic and antimigratory effects on experimental lung tumors grafted onto the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Tumors were formed from two NSCLC cell lines and a single SCLC cell line. To investigate tumor and CAM interactions, in vivo biomicroscopy, visualization of blood vessels with injected fluorescent dextran, histological, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric methods were applied. Our results showed that a sodium valproate (NaVP) treatment-induced a dose-dependent decrease of experimental tumor invasion into the CAM mesenchyme and a reduction in angiogenesis. Both the invasion and the angiogenic response were dependent on the type of cell line used: invasion and angiogenesis of tumors derived from A549 and NCI-H146 cell lines responded to increasing doses of NaVP from 4 to 8 mM, whereas Sk_Lu_1 cells response were antimigratory and antiangiogenic when NaVP was used up to 6 mM. When 8mM NaVP was used, stimulated invasion and angiogenesis in tumors from Sk_Lu_1 cells were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Diržiuvienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Šlekienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Palubinskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Lasienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Abstract
Significance: Cancer-associated tissue-specific lactic acidosis stimulates and mediates tumor invasion and metastasis and is druggable. Rarely, malignancy causes systemic lactic acidosis, the role of which is poorly understood. Recent Advances: The understanding of the role of lactate has shifted dramatically since its discovery. Long recognized as only a waste product, lactate has become known as an alternative metabolism substrate and a secreted nutrient that is exchanged between the tumor and the microenvironment. Tissue-specific lactic acidosis is targeted to improve the host body's anticancer defense and serves as a tool that allows the targeting of anticancer compounds. Systemic lactic acidosis is associated with poor survival. In patients with solid cancer, systemic lactic acidosis is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, as revealed by the analysis of 57 published cases in this study. Although it is considered a pathology worth treating, targeting systemic lactic acidosis in patients with solid cancer is usually inefficient. Critical Issues: Research gaps include simple questions, such as the unknown nuclear pH of the cancer cells and its effects on chemotherapy outcomes, pH sensitivity of glycosylation in cancer cells, in vivo mechanisms of response to acidosis in the absence of lactate, and overinterpretation of in vitro results that were obtained by using cells that were not preadapted to acidic environments. Future Directions: Numerous metabolism-targeting anticancer compounds induce lactatemia, lactic acidosis, or other types of acidosis. Their potential to induce acidic environments is largely overlooked, although the acidosis might contribute to a substantial portion of the observed clinical effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1130-1152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Abdel-Hafez GA, Mohamed AMI, Youssef AF, Simons C, Aboraia AS. Synthesis, computational study and biological evaluation of 9-acridinyl and 1-coumarinyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:502-513. [PMID: 35012398 PMCID: PMC8757608 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2021898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase (IIB) inhibitors have been involved in the therapies of tumour progression and have become a major focus for the development of anticancer agents. New three-component hybridised ligands, 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles (8-17), were synthesised via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 9-azidoacridine/3-azidocoumarin with N/O-propargyl small molecules under click reaction conditions. Cancer cell growth inhibition of the synthesised triazoles was tested against human cell-lines in the NCI-60-cell-panel, and the most active compounds tested against topoisomerase (IIB)-enzymes. The acridinyl ligands (8-10) revealed 60-97% cell growth inhibition in six cancer cell-panels. Cell-cycle analysis of MCF7 and DU-145 cells treated with the active acridinyl ligands exhibited cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase and proapoptotic activity. In addition, compound 8 displayed greater inhibitory activity against topoisomerase (IIB) (IC50 0.52 µM) compared with doxorubicin (IC50 0.83 µM). Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed the acridine-triazole-pyrimidine hybrid pharmacophore was optimal with respect to protein-ligand interaction and fit within the binding site, with optimal orientation to allow for intercalation with the DNA bases (DG13, DC14, and DT9).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adel F Youssef
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Claire Simons
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ahmed S Aboraia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Cancer as a Channelopathy—Appreciation of Complimentary Pathways Provides a Different Perspective for Developing Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194627. [PMID: 36230549 PMCID: PMC9562872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While improvements in technology have improved our ability to treat many forms of cancer when diagnosed at an early stage of the disease, the ability to improve survival and quality of life for patients with late stage disease has been limited, largely due to the ability of cancer cells to evade destruction when treatments block preferred paths for survival. Here, we review the role that ions and ion channels play in normal cell function, the development of disease and their role in the life and death of a cell. It is hoped that viewing cancer from the perspective of altered ion channel expression and ion balance may provide a novel approach for developing more effective treatments for this devastating disease. Abstract Life depends upon the ability of cells to evaluate and adapt to a constantly changing environment and to maintain internal stability to allow essential biochemical reactions to occur. Ions and ion channels play a crucial role in this process and are essential for survival. Alterations in the expression of the transmembrane proteins responsible for maintaining ion balance that occur as a result of mutations in the genetic code or in response to iatrogenically induced changes in the extracellular environment is a characteristic feature of oncogenesis and identifies cancer as one of a constellation of diseases known as channelopathies. The classification of cancer as a channelopathy provides a different perspective for viewing the disease. Potentially, it may expand opportunities for developing novel ways to affect or reverse the deleterious changes that underlie establishing and sustaining disease and developing tolerance to therapeutic attempts at treatment. The role of ions and ion channels and their interactions in the cell’s ability to maintain ionic balance, homeostasis, and survival are reviewed and possible approaches that mitigate gain or loss of ion channel function to contribute to new or enhance existing cancer therapies are discussed.
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Pellegrino M, Ricci E, Ceraldi R, Nigro A, Bonofiglio D, Lanzino M, Morelli C. From HDAC to Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: What's Next? The Long Road of Antiepileptic Drugs Repositioning in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184401. [PMID: 36139561 PMCID: PMC9497059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although in the last decades the clinical outcome of cancer patients considerably improved, the major drawbacks still associated with chemotherapy are the unwanted side effects and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, a continuous effort in trying to discover new tumor markers, possibly of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value, is being made. This review is aimed at highlighting the anti-tumor activity that several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) exert in breast, prostate and other types of cancers, mainly focusing on their ability to block the voltage-gated Na+ and Ca++ channels, as well as to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), all well-documented tumor markers and/or molecular targets. The existence of additional AEDs molecular targets is highly suspected. Therefore, the repurposing of already available drugs as adjuvants in cancer treatment would have several advantages, such as reductions in dose-related toxicity CVs will be sent in a separate mail to the indicated address of combined treatments, lower production costs, and faster approval for clinical use. Abstract Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Although the plethora of molecular targets identified in the last decades and the deriving developed treatments, which significantly improved patients’ outcome, the occurrence of resistance to therapies remains the major cause of relapse and mortality. Thus, efforts in identifying new markers to be exploited as molecular targets in cancer therapy are needed. This review will first give a glance on the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) in cancer. Nevertheless, HDAC and VGICs have also been reported as molecular targets through which antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) seem to exert their anticancer activity. This should be claimed as a great advantage. Indeed, due to the slowness of drug approval procedures, the attempt to turn to off-label use of already approved medicines would be highly preferable. Therefore, an updated and accurate overview of both preclinical and clinical data of commonly prescribed AEDs (mainly valproic acid, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin) in breast, prostate, brain and other cancers will follow. Finally, a glance at the emerging attempt to administer AEDs by means of opportunely designed drug delivery systems (DDSs), so to limit toxicity and improve bioavailability, is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marilena Lanzino
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-0984-496206 (M.L.); +39-0984-496211 (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-0984-496206 (M.L.); +39-0984-496211 (C.M.)
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27
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Sharudin NA, Murtadha Noor Din AH, Azahar II, Azlan MM, Yaacob NS, Sarmiento ME, Dominguez AA, Mokhtar NF. Invasion and Metastasis Suppression by Anti-Neonatal Nav1.5 Antibodies in Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:2953-2964. [PMID: 36172657 PMCID: PMC9810324 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detectable neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) expression in tumour breast tissue positive for lymph node metastasis and triple-negative subtype serves as a valid tumour-associated antigen to target and prevent breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic antibodies against tumour antigens have become the predominant class of new drugs in cancer therapy because of their fewer adverse effects and high specificity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic and anti-metastatic potential of the two newly obtained anti-nNav1.5 antibodies, polyclonal anti-nNav1.5 (pAb-nNav1.5) and monoclonal anti-nNav1.5 (mAb-nNav1.5), on breast cancer invasion and metastasis. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells were used as in vitro models to study the effect of pAb-nNav1.5 (59.2 µg/ml) and mAb-nNav1.5 (10 µg/ml) (24 hours treatment) on cell invasion. 4T1-induced mammary tumours in BALB/c female mice were used as an in vivo model to study the effect of a single dose of intravenous pAb-nNav1.5 (1 mg/ml) and mAb-nNav1.5 (1 mg/ml) on the occurrence of metastasis. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess the effect of antibody treatment on nNav1.5 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The animals' body weight, organs, lesions, and tumour mass were also measured and compared. RESULTS pAb-nNav1.5 and mAb-nNav1.5 treatments effectively suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells in the 3D spheroid invasion assay. Both antibodies significantly reduced nNav1.5 gene and protein expression in these cell lines. Treatment with pAb-nNav1.5 and mAb-nNav1.5 successfully reduced mammary tumour tissue size and mass and prevented lesions in vital organs of the mammary tumour animal model whilst maintaining the animal's healthy weight. mRNA expression of nNav1.5 in mammary tumour tissues was only reduced by mAb-nNav1.5. CONCLUSION Overall, this work verifies the uniqueness of targeting nNav1.5 in breast cancer invasion and metastasis prevention, but more importantly, humanised versions of mAb-nNav1.5 may be valuable passive immunotherapeutic agents to target nNav1.5 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aishah Sharudin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Hafiz Murtadha Noor Din
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Irfan Irsyad Azahar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mawaddah Mohd Azlan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Maria Elena Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Armando Acosta Dominguez
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. ,For Correspondence:
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GCHN-DTI: Predicting drug-target interactions by graph convolution on heterogeneous networks. Methods 2022; 206:101-107. [PMID: 36058415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the interaction of drug and target plays a key role in the process of drug development and discovery. The calculation methods can predict new interactions and speed up the process of drug development. In recent studies, the network-based approaches have been proposed to predict drug-target interactions. However, these methods cannot fully utilize the node information from heterogeneous networks. Therefore, we propose a method based on heterogeneous graph convolutional neural network for drug-target interaction prediction, GCHN-DTI (Predicting drug-target interactions by graph convolution on heterogeneous net-works), to predict potential DTIs. GCHN-DTI integrates network information from drug-target interactions, drug-drug interactions, drug-similarities, target-target interactions, and target-similarities. Then, the graph convolution operation is used in the heterogeneous network to obtain the node embedding of the drugs and the targets. Furthermore, we incorporate an attention mechanism between graph convolutional layers to combine node embedding from each layer. Finally, the drug-target interaction score is predicted based on the node embedding of the drugs and the targets. Our model uses fewer network types and achieves higher prediction performance. In addition, the prediction performance of the model will be significantly improved on the dataset with a higher proportion of positive samples. The experimental evaluations show that GCHN-DTI outperforms several state-of-the-art prediction methods.
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29
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Subcellular dynamics and functional activity of the cleaved intracellular domain of the Na + channel β1 subunit. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102174. [PMID: 35752364 PMCID: PMC9304784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated Na+ channel β1 subunit, encoded by SCN1B, regulates cell surface expression and gating of α subunits and participates in cell adhesion. β1 is cleaved by α/β and γ-secretases, releasing an extracellular domain and intracellular domain (ICD), respectively. Abnormal SCN1B expression/function is linked to pathologies including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and cancer. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of secretase cleavage on β1 function in breast cancer cells. Using a series of GFP-tagged β1 constructs, we show that β1-GFP is mainly retained intracellularly, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomal pathway, and accumulates in the nucleus. Reduction in endosomal β1-GFP levels occurred following γ-secretase inhibition, implicating endosomes and/or the preceding plasma membrane as important sites for secretase processing. Using live-cell imaging, we also report β1ICD-GFP accumulation in the nucleus. Furthermore, β1-GFP and β1ICD-GFP both increased Na+ current, whereas β1STOP-GFP, which lacks the ICD, did not, thus highlighting that the β1-ICD is necessary and sufficient to increase Na+ current measured at the plasma membrane. Importantly, although the endogenous Na+ current expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells is tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant (carried by Nav1.5), the Na+ current increased by β1-GFP or β1ICD-GFP was TTX-sensitive. Finally, we found β1-GFP increased mRNA levels of the TTX-sensitive α subunits SCN1A/Nav1.1 and SCN9A/Nav1.7. Taken together, this work suggests that the β1-ICD is a critical regulator of α subunit function in cancer cells. Our data further highlight that γ-secretase may play a key role in regulating β1 function in breast cancer.
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Anti-invasive effects of minoxidil on human breast cancer cells: combination with ranolazine. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:679-689. [PMID: 35643818 PMCID: PMC9338910 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of ion channels have been shown to be involved systemically in the pathophysiology of cancer and ion channel blockers can produce anti-metastatic effects. However, although ion channels are known to frequently function in concerted action, little is known about possible combined effects of ion channel modulators on metastatic cell behaviour. Here, we investigated functional consequences of pharmacologically modulating ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channel and voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activities individually and in combination. Two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines were used: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, the latter mainly for comparison. Most experiments were carried out on hypoxic cells. Electrophysiological effects were studied by whole-cell patch clamp recording. Minoxidil (a KATP channel opener) and ranolazine (a blocker of the VGSC persistent current) had no effect on cell viability and proliferation, alone or in combination. In contrast, invasion was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by clinical concentrations of minoxidil and ranolazine. Combining the two drugs produced significant additive effects at concentrations as low as 0.625 μM ranolazine and 2.5 μM minoxidil. Electrophysiologically, acute application of minoxidil shifted VGSC steady-state inactivation to more hyperpolarised potentials and slowed recovery from inactivation, consistent with inhibition of VGSC activation. We concluded (i) that clinically relevant doses of minoxidil and ranolazine individually could inhibit cellular invasiveness dose dependently and (ii) that their combination was additionally effective. Accordingly, ranolazine, minoxidil and their combination may be repurposed as novel anti-metastatic agents.
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31
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Azahar II, Sharudin NA, Noor Din AHM, Che Has AT, Mohd Nafi SN, Jaafar H, Mokhtar NF. nNav1.5 expression is associated with glutamate level in breast cancer cells. Biol Res 2022; 55:18. [PMID: 35488278 PMCID: PMC9052458 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate and voltage-gated sodium channels, both have been the target of intense investigation for its involvement in carcinogenesis and progression of malignant disease. Breast cancer with increased level of glutamate often metastasize to other organs (especially bone), whilst re-expression of ‘neonatal’ Nav1.5, nNav1.5 in breast cancer is known to promote cell invasion in vitro, metastasis in vivo and positive lymph node metastasis in patients. Methods In this study, the role of nNav1.5 in regulating glutamate level in human breast cancer cells was examined using pharmacological approach (VGSCs specific blocker, TTX, glutamate release inhibitor, riluzole and siRNA-nNav1.5). Effect of these agents were evaluated based on endogenous and exogenous glutamate concentration using glutamate fluorometric assay, mRNA expression of nNav1.5 using qPCR and finally, invasion using 3D culture assay. Results Endogenous and exogenous glutamate levels were significantly higher in aggressive human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 cells compared to less aggressive human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and non-cancerous human breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A. Treatment with TTX to MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in significant reduction of endogenous and exogenous glutamate levels corresponded with significant suppression of cell invasion. Subsequently, downregulation of nNav1.5 gene was observed in TTX-treated cells. Conclusions An interesting link between nNav1.5 expression and glutamate level in aggressive breast cancer cells was detected and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Irsyad Azahar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Sharudin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hafiz Murtadha Noor Din
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Ngum NM, Aziz MYA, Latif ML, Wall RJ, Duce IR, Mellor IR. Non-canonical endogenous expression of voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 subtype by the TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. J Physiol 2022; 600:2499-2513. [PMID: 35413129 PMCID: PMC9325523 DOI: 10.1113/jp283055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The human TE671 cell line was originally used as a model of medulloblastoma but has since been reassigned as rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite the characterised endogenous expression of voltage‐sensitive sodium currents in these cells, the specific voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) subtype underlying these currents remains unknown. To profile the VGSC subtype in undifferentiated TE671 cells, endpoint and quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blot and whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology were performed. qRT‐PCR profiling revealed that expression of the SCN9A gene was ∼215‐fold greater than the SCN4A gene and over 400‐fold greater than any of the other VGSC genes, while western blot confirmed that the dominant SCN9A RNA was translated to a protein with a molecular mass of ∼250 kDa. Elicited sodium currents had a mean amplitude of 2.6 ± 0.7 nA with activation and fast inactivation V50 values of −31.9 ± 1.1 and −69.6 ± 1.0 mV, respectively. The currents were completely and reversibly blocked by tetrodotoxin at concentrations greater than 100 nm (IC50 = 22.3 nm). They were also very susceptible to the NaV1.7 specific blockers Huwentoxin‐IV and Protoxin‐II with IC50 values of 14.6 nm and 0.8 nm, respectively, characteristic of those previously determined for NaV1.7. Combined, the results revealed the non‐canonical and highly dominant expression of NaV1.7 in the human TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. We show that the TE671 cell line is an easy to maintain and cost‐effective model for the study of NaV1.7, a major target for the development of analgesic drugs and more generally for the study of pain. Key points Undifferentiated TE671 cells produce a voltage‐sensitive sodium current when depolarised. The voltage‐gated sodium channel isoform expressed in undifferentiated TE671 cells was previously unknown.
Through qRT‐PCR, western blot and toxin pharmacology, it is shown that undifferentiated TE671 cells dominantly (>99.5%) express the NaV1.7 isoform that is strongly associated with pain.
The TE671 cell line is, therefore, a very easy to maintain and cost‐effective model to study NaV1.7‐targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville M Ngum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Muhammad Y A Aziz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M Liaque Latif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian R Duce
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Discovering the Triad between Nav1.5, Breast Cancer, and the Immune System: A Fundamental Review and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020310. [PMID: 35204811 PMCID: PMC8869595 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is one of the nine voltage-gated sodium channel-alpha subunit (VGSC-α) family members. The Nav1.5 channel typically carries an inward sodium ion current that depolarises the membrane potential during the upstroke of the cardiac action potential. The neonatal isoform of Nav1.5, nNav1.5, is produced via VGSC-α alternative splicing. nNav1.5 is known to potentiate breast cancer metastasis. Despite their well-known biological functions, the immunological perspectives of these channels are poorly explored. The current review has attempted to summarise the triad between Nav1.5 (nNav1.5), breast cancer, and the immune system. To date, there is no such review available that encompasses these three components as most reviews focus on the molecular and pharmacological prospects of Nav1.5. This review is divided into three major subsections: (1) the review highlights the roles of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in potentiating the progression of breast cancer, (2) focuses on the general connection between breast cancer and the immune system, and finally (3) the review emphasises the involvements of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in the functionality of the immune system and the immunogenicity. Compared to the other subsections, section three is pretty unexploited; it would be interesting to study this subsection as it completes the triad.
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Belyaeva II, Subbotina AG, Eremenko II, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Pharmacogenetics in Primary Headache Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:820214. [PMID: 35222013 PMCID: PMC8866828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.820214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary headache disorders, such as migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache, belong to the most common neurological disorders affecting a high percentage of people worldwide. Headache induces a high burden for the affected individuals on the personal level, with a strong impact on life quality, daily life management, and causes immense costs for the healthcare systems. Although a relatively broad spectrum of different pharmacological classes for the treatment of headache disorders are available, treatment effectiveness is often limited by high variances in therapy responses. Genetic variants can influence the individual treatment success by influencing pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the therapeutic as investigated in the research field of pharmacogenetics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on important primary headache disorders, including migraine, TTH, and cluster headache. We also summarize current acute and preventive treatment options for the three headache disorders based on drug classes and compounds taking important therapy guidelines into consideration. Importantly, the work summarizes and discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms regarding their impact on metabolism safety and the effect of therapeutics that are used to treat migraine, cluster headache, and TTH exploring drug classes such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, drugs with effect on the renin-angiotensin system, and novel headache therapeutics such as ditans, anti-calcitonin-gene-related peptide antibodies, and gepants. Genetic variants in important phase I-, II-, and III-associated genes such as cytochrome P450 genes, UGT genes, and different transporter genes are scrutinized as well as variants in genes important for pharmacodynamics and several functions outside the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic spectrum. Finally, the article evaluates the potential and limitations of pharmacogenetic approaches for individual therapy adjustments in headache disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Belyaeva
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna G. Subbotina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Eremenko
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Jessica Mwinyi,
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35
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Fnu G, Weber GF. Alterations of Ion Homeostasis in Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:765329. [PMID: 34988012 PMCID: PMC8721045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.765329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that metastases from all malignancies are characterized by a core program of gene expression that suppresses extracellular matrix interactions, induces vascularization/tissue remodeling, activates the oxidative metabolism, and alters ion homeostasis. Among these features, the least elucidated component is ion homeostasis. Here we review the literature with the goal to infer a better mechanistic understanding of the progression-associated ionic alterations and identify the most promising drugs for treatment. Cancer metastasis is accompanied by skewing in calcium, zinc, copper, potassium, sodium and chloride homeostasis. Membrane potential changes and water uptake through Aquaporins may also play roles. Drug candidates to reverse these alterations are at various stages of testing, with some having entered clinical trials. Challenges to their utilization comprise differences among tumor types and the involvement of multiple ions in each case. Further, adverse effects may become a concern, as channel blockers, chelators, or supplemented ions will affect healthy and transformed cells alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulimirerouzi Fnu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Georg F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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36
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Payne SL, Ram P, Srinivasan DH, Le TT, Levin M, Oudin MJ. Potassium channel-driven bioelectric signalling regulates metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103767. [PMID: 34933180 PMCID: PMC8688589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need to better understand the mechanisms that drive local cell invasion and metastasis to develop new therapeutics targeting metastatic disease. Bioelectricity is an important mediator of cellular processes and changes in the resting membrane potential (RMP) are associated with increased cancer cell invasion. However, whether the RMP can be used to target invading cancer cells is unknown. METHODS We employed both genetic and pharmacological manipulation of potassium channel activity and characterized the effects on breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and metastasis in an animal model of breast cancer. FINDINGS Our data demonstrate that altering the RMP of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by manipulating potassium channel expression increases in vitro invasion, in vivo tumour growth and metastasis, and is accompanied by changes in gene expression associated with cell adhesion. INTERPRETATION We describe a novel mechanism for RMP-mediated cell migration involving cadherin-11 and the MAPK pathway. Importantly, we identify a new strategy to target metastatic TNBC in vivo by repurposing an FDA-approved potassium channel blocker. Our results demonstrate that bioelectricity regulates cancer cell invasion and metastasis which could lead to a new class of therapeutics for patients with metastatic disease. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R00-CA207866 to M.J.O.), Tufts University (Start-up funds from the School of Engineering to M.J.O., Tufts Collaborates Award to M.J.O. and M.L.), Allen Discovery centre program (Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group (12,171) to M.L.), and Breast Cancer Alliance Young Investigator Grant to M.J.O, Laidlaw Scholar funding to D.S. M.L. also gratefully acknowledges support of the Barton Family Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Ram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Deepti H Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Thanh T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 200 College Avenue, Tufts University, Medford MA 02155, United States of America.
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37
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Fraser SP, Onkal R, Theys M, Bosmans F, Djamgoz MBA. Neonatal Na V 1.5: Pharmacological distinctiveness of a cancer-related voltage-gated sodium channel splice variant. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:473-486. [PMID: 34411279 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage-gated sodium (NaV ) channels are expressed de novo in carcinomas where their activity promotes invasiveness. Breast and colon cancer cells express the neonatal splice variant of NaV 1.5 (nNaV 1.5) which has several amino acid substitutions in the domain I voltage-sensor compared to its adult counterpart (aNaV 1.5). This study aimed to determine whether nNaV 1.5 could be distinguished pharmacologically from aNaV 1.5. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cells expressing either nNaV 1.5 or aNaV 1.5 were exposed to small-molecule inhibitors, an antibody or natural toxins, and changes in electrophysiological parameters were measured. Stable expression in EBNA cells and transient expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes were used. Currents were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp and two-electrode voltage-clamp, respectively. KEY RESULTS Several clinically-used blockers of Nav channels (lidocaine, procaine, phenytoin, mexiletine, ranolazine and riluzole) could not distinguish between nNaV 1.5 or aNaV 1.5. On the other hand, two tarantula toxins (HaTx and ProTx-II) and a polyclonal antibody (NESOpAb) preferentially inhibited currents elicited by either nNaV 1.5 or aNaV 1.5 by binding to the spliced region of the channel. Furthermore, the amino acid residue at position 211 (aspartate in aNaV 1.5/lysine in nNaV 1.5), i.e. the charge reversal in the spliced region of the channel, played a key role in the selectivity especially in the antibody binding. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that the cancer-related nNaV 1.5 channel can be distinguished pharmacologically from its nearest neighbour, aNaV 1.5. Thus, it may be possible to design small molecules as anti-metastatic drugs for non-toxic therapy of nNaV 1.5-expressing carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Fraser
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, London, UK
| | - Rustem Onkal
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, London, UK.,Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Margaux Theys
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, London, UK.,Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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38
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Lastraioli E, Fraser SP, Guzel RM, Iorio J, Bencini L, Scarpi E, Messerini L, Villanacci V, Cerino G, Ghezzi N, Perrone G, Djamgoz MBA, Arcangeli A. Neonatal Nav1.5 Protein Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer: Immunohistochemical Characterization and Clinical Evaluation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3832. [PMID: 34359733 PMCID: PMC8345135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) are expressed widely in human carcinomas and play a significant role in promoting cellular invasiveness and metastasis. However, human tissue-based studies and clinical characterization are lacking. In several carcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRCa), the predominant VGSC is the neonatal splice variant of Nav1.5 (nNav1.5). The present study was designed to determine the expression patterns and clinical relevance of nNav1.5 protein in human CRCa tissues from patients with available clinicopathological history. The immunohistochemistry was made possible by the use of a polyclonal antibody (NESOpAb) specific for nNav1.5. The analysis showed that, compared with normal mucosa, nNav1.5 expression occurred in CRCa samples (i) at levels that were significantly higher and (ii) with a pattern that was more delineated (i.e., apical/basal or mixed). A surprisingly high level of nNav1.5 protein expression also occurred in adenomas, but this was mainly intracellular and diffuse. nNav1.5 showed a statistically significant association with TNM stage, highest expression being associated with TNM IV and metastatic status. Interestingly, nNav1.5 expression co-occurred with other biomarkers associated with metastasis, including hERG1, KCa3.1, VEGF-A, Glut1, and EGFR. Finally, univariate analysis showed that nNav1.5 expression had an impact on progression-free survival. We conclude (i) that nNav1.5 could represent a novel clinical biomarker ('companion diagnostic') useful to better stratify CRCa patients and (ii) that since nNav1.5 expression is functional, it could form the basis of anti-metastatic therapies including in combination with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Scott P. Fraser
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
| | - R. Mine Guzel
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Lapo Bencini
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Niccolo’ Ghezzi
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncologic Surgery and Robotics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.B.); (G.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, via A del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.P.F.); (R.M.G.)
- Cyprus International University, Biotechnology Research Centre, Haspolat, Mersin 10, Cyprus
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (J.I.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
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Murtadha AH, Azahar IIM, Sharudin NA, Has ATC, Mokhtar NF. Influence of nNav1.5 on MHC class I expression in breast cancer. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Lopez-Charcas O, Pukkanasut P, Velu SE, Brackenbury WJ, Hales TG, Besson P, Gomora JC, Roger S. Pharmacological and nutritional targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels in the treatment of cancers. iScience 2021; 24:102270. [PMID: 33817575 PMCID: PMC8010468 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, initially characterized in excitable cells, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in non-excitable cancer tissues and cells from epithelial origins such as in breast, lung, prostate, colon, and cervix, whereas they are not expressed in cognate non-cancer tissues. Their activity was demonstrated to promote aggressive and invasive potencies of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, whereas their deregulated expression in cancer tissues has been associated with metastatic progression and cancer-related death. This review proposes NaV channels as pharmacological targets for anticancer treatments providing opportunities for repurposing existing NaV-inhibitors or developing new pharmacological and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Piyasuda Pukkanasut
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHEM 280. 901, 14th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHEM 280. 901, 14th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tim G. Hales
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Dundee, DD1 9SY, Dundee, UK
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510 México
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8832586. [PMID: 33928172 PMCID: PMC8049803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport modulators are most commonly used to treat various noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and hypertension. They are also known to bind to receptors on various immune cells, but the immunomodulatory properties of most ion transport modulators have not been fully elucidated. We assessed the effects of thirteen FDA-approved ion transport modulators, namely, ambroxol HCl, amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y on superoxide production, nitric oxide production, and cytokine expression by THP-1-derived macrophages that had been stimulated with ethanol-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Ambroxol HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug Y had an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, while all the test drugs had an inhibitory effect on superoxide production. Amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Unlike most immunomodulatory compounds currently in clinical use, most of the test drugs inhibited some inflammatory processes while promoting others. Ion pumps and ion channels could therefore serve as targets for more selective immunomodulatory agents which do not cause overt immunosuppression.
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42
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Altamura C, Greco MR, Carratù MR, Cardone RA, Desaphy JF. Emerging Roles for Ion Channels in Ovarian Cancer: Pathomechanisms and Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:668. [PMID: 33562306 PMCID: PMC7914442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, due to late diagnosis, development of platinum resistance, and inadequate alternative therapy. It has been demonstrated that membrane ion channels play important roles in cancer processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Here, we review the contribution of ion channels in the development and progression of OC, evaluating their potential in clinical management. Increased expression of voltage-gated and epithelial sodium channels has been detected in OC cells and tissues and shown to be involved in cancer proliferation and invasion. Potassium and calcium channels have been found to play a critical role in the control of cell cycle and in the resistance to apoptosis, promoting tumor growth and recurrence. Overexpression of chloride and transient receptor potential channels was found both in vitro and in vivo, supporting their contribution to OC. Furthermore, ion channels have been shown to influence the sensitivity of OC cells to neoplastic drugs, suggesting a critical role in chemotherapy resistance. The study of ion channels expression and function in OC can improve our understanding of pathophysiology and pave the way for identifying ion channels as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Altamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
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43
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Sodium ion channels as potential therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1136-1147. [PMID: 33545383 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Is it possible to develop drugs for the treatment of a specific type of metastatic cancer by targeting sodium ion channels?
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44
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Liu C, Yu M, Li Y, Wang H, Xu C, Zhang X, Li M, Guo H, Ma D, Guo X. Lidocaine inhibits the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer by blocking Na V 1.5-mediated EMT and FAK/Paxillin signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2021; 10:337-349. [PMID: 33280262 PMCID: PMC7826465 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine, one of the most commonly used local anesthetics during surgery, has been reported to suppress cancer cell growth via blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSC 1.5 (NaV 1.5) is highly expressed in invasive cancers including ovarian cancer. This study aims to investigate whether lidocaine inhibits the malignancy of ovarian cancer through NaV 1.5 blockage. Human ovarian cancer, its metastatic cancer and normal ovarian tissues were probed with anti-NaV 1.5 antibody in situ. Human ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells were cultured and their growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion in the presence or absence of lidocaine together with underlying molecular mechanisms were assessed. Murine syngeneic ovarian cancer (ID8) model was also used to determine the chemotherapeutic efficiency of cisplatin in combination with lidocaine. The high level of NaV 1.5 expression was found in human ovarian cancer and even higher in its metastatic cancer but not in normal ovarian tissues. Lidocaine decreased the growth, EMT, migration, and invasion of human ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Lidocaine enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficiency of cisplatin in both ovarian cancer cell cultures and a murine ovarian metastatic model. Furthermore, a downregulation of NaV 1.5 by siRNA transfection, or FAK inhibitor application, inhibited the malignant properties of SKOV3 cells through inactivating FAK/Paxillin signaling pathway. Our data may indicate that lidocaine suppresses the metastasis of ovarian cancer and sensitizes cisplatin through blocking NaV 1.5-mediated EMT and FAK/paxillin signaling pathway. The translational value of lidocaine local application as an ovarian cancer adjuvant treatment warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chuanya Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Min Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive CareDepartment of Surgery and CancerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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45
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Koltai T. Targeting the pH Paradigm at the Bedside: A Practical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9221. [PMID: 33287221 PMCID: PMC7730959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inversion of the pH gradient in malignant tumors, known as the pH paradigm, is increasingly becoming accepted by the scientific community as a hallmark of cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that this is not simply a metabolic consequence of a dysregulated behavior, but rather an essential process in the physiopathology of accelerated proliferation and invasion. From the over-simplification of increased lactate production as the cause of the paradigm, as initially proposed, basic science researchers have arrived at highly complex and far-reaching knowledge, that substantially modified that initial belief. These new developments show that the paradigm entails a different regulation of membrane transporters, electrolyte exchangers, cellular and membrane enzymes, water trafficking, specialized membrane structures, transcription factors, and metabolic changes that go far beyond fermentative glycolysis. This complex world of dysregulations is still shuttered behind the walls of experimental laboratories and has not yet reached bedside medicine. However, there are many known pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are capable of targeting the pH paradigm. Most of these products are well known, have low toxicity, and are also inexpensive. They need to be repurposed, and this would entail shorter clinical studies and enormous cost savings if we compare them with the time and expense required for the development of a new molecule. Will targeting the pH paradigm solve the "cancer problem"? Absolutely not. However, reversing the pH inversion would strongly enhance standard treatments, rendering them more efficient, and in some cases permitting lower doses of toxic drugs. This article's goal is to describe how to reverse the pH gradient inversion with existing drugs and nutraceuticals that can easily be used in bedside medicine, without adding toxicity to established treatments. It also aims at increasing awareness among practicing physicians that targeting the pH paradigm would be able to improve the results of standard therapies. Some clinical cases will be presented as well, showing how the pH gradient inversion can be treated at the bedside in a simple manner with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Centro de Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Obra Social del Personal de la Alimentacion, Talar de Pacheco, Buenos Aires 1617, Argentina
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46
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Wang H, Cui G, Yu B, Sun M, Yang H. Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Colorectal Cancer and Targeted Therapies. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1979-1993. [PMID: 32268862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200408102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a sub-population of tumor cells found in many human cancers that are endowed with self-renewal and pluripotency. CSCs may be more resistant to conventional anticancer therapies than average cancer cells, as they can easily escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy, thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Despite significant progress in related research, effective elimination of CSCs remains an unmet clinical need. CSCs are localized in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, which plays a pivotal role in cancer multidrug resistance. The niche components of CSCs, such as the extracellular matrix, also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and presents a relatively transparent process of cancer initiation and development, making it an ideal model for CSC niche research. Here, we review recent advances in the field of CSCs using colorectal cancer as an example to illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CSC niche. These findings not only provide a novel theoretical basis for in-depth discussions on tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis evaluation, but also offer new strategies for the targeted treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guihua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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47
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Wu M, Lou W, Lou M, Fu P, Yu XF. Integrated Analysis of Distant Metastasis-Associated Genes and Potential Drugs in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:576615. [PMID: 33194689 PMCID: PMC7645237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients die of distant metastasis, though there are some therapies for metastatic COAD. However, the genes exclusively expressed in metastatic COAD remain unclear. This study aims to identify prognosis-related genes associated with distant metastasis and develop therapeutic strategies for COAD patients. Methods: Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 514) cohort were analyzed as a discovery dataset. Next, the data from the GEPIA database and PROGgeneV2 database were used to validate our analysis. Key genes were identified based on the differential miRNA and mRNA expression with respect to M stage. The potential drugs targeting candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were also investigated. Results: A total of 127 significantly DEGs in patients with distant metastasis compared with patients without distant metastasis were identified. Then, four prognosis-related genes (LEP, DLX2, CLSTN2, and REG3A) were selected based on clustering analysis and survival analysis. Finally, three compounds targeting the candidate DEGs, including ajmaline, TTNPB, and dydrogesterone, were predicted to be potential drugs for COAD. Conclusions: This study revealed that distant metastasis in COAD is associated with a specific group of genes, and three existing drugs may suppress the distant metastasis of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowei Wu
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lou
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Griffin M, Khan R, Basu S, Smith S. Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets in High Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103068. [PMID: 33096667 PMCID: PMC7589494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive grade IV lethal brain tumour with a median survival of 14 months. Despite surgery to remove the tumour, and subsequent concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there is little in terms of effective treatment options. Because of this, exploring new treatment avenues is vital. Brain tumours are intrinsically electrically active; expressing unique patterns of ion channels, and this is a characteristic we can exploit. Ion channels are specialised proteins in the cell’s membrane that allow for the passage of positive and negatively charged ions in and out of the cell, controlling membrane potential. Membrane potential is a crucial biophysical signal in normal and cancerous cells. Research has identified that specific classes of ion channels not only move the cell through its cell cycle, thus encouraging growth and proliferation, but may also be essential in the development of brain tumours. Inhibition of sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride channels has been shown to reduce the capacity of glioblastoma cells to grow and invade. Therefore, we propose that targeting ion channels and repurposing commercially available ion channel inhibitors may hold the key to new therapeutic avenues in high grade gliomas. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with an average survival of 14–15 months even with exhaustive treatment. High grade gliomas (HGG) represent the leading cause of CNS cancer-related death in children and adults due to the aggressive nature of the tumour and limited treatment options. The scarcity of treatment available for GBM has opened the field to new modalities such as electrotherapy. Previous studies have identified the clinical benefit of electrotherapy in combination with chemotherapeutics, however the mechanistic action is unclear. Increasing evidence indicates that not only are ion channels key in regulating electrical signaling and membrane potential of excitable cells, they perform a crucial role in the development and neoplastic progression of brain tumours. Unlike other tissue types, neural tissue is intrinsically electrically active and reliant on ion channels and their function. Ion channels are essential in cell cycle control, invasion and migration of cancer cells and therefore present as valuable therapeutic targets. This review aims to discuss the role that ion channels hold in gliomagenesis and whether we can target and exploit these channels to provide new therapeutic targets and whether ion channels hold the mechanistic key to the newfound success of electrotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griffin
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Raheela Khan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Surajit Basu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Correspondence:
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49
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Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Fais S, Devesa J. Towards an Integral Therapeutic Protocol for Breast Cancer Based upon the New H +-Centered Anticancer Paradigm of the Late Post-Warburg Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7475. [PMID: 33050492 PMCID: PMC7589677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A brand new approach to the understanding of breast cancer (BC) is urgently needed. In this contribution, the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease is approached from the new pH-centric anticancer paradigm. Only this unitarian perspective, based upon the hydrogen ion (H+) dynamics of cancer, allows for the understanding and integration of the many dualisms, confusions, and paradoxes of the disease. The new H+-related, wide-ranging model can embrace, from a unique perspective, the many aspects of the disease and, at the same time, therapeutically interfere with most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer known to date. The pH-related armamentarium available for the treatment of BC reviewed here may be beneficial for all types and stages of the disease. In this vein, we have attempted a megasynthesis of traditional and new knowledge in the different areas of breast cancer research and treatment based upon the wide-ranging approach afforded by the hydrogen ion dynamics of cancer. The concerted utilization of the pH-related drugs that are available nowadays for the treatment of breast cancer is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia and Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL 33617, USA;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
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50
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Leslie TK, Brückner L, Chawla S, Brackenbury WJ. Inhibitory Effect of Eslicarbazepine Acetate and S-Licarbazepine on Na v1.5 Channels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:555047. [PMID: 33123007 PMCID: PMC7567166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.555047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a dibenzazepine anticonvulsant approved as adjunctive treatment for partial-onset epileptic seizures. Following first pass hydrolysis of ESL, S-licarbazepine (S-Lic) represents around 95% of circulating active metabolites. S-Lic is the main enantiomer responsible for anticonvulsant activity and this is proposed to be through the blockade of voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs). ESL and S-Lic both have a voltage-dependent inhibitory effect on the Na+ current in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells expressing neuronal VGSC subtypes including Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7. ESL has not been associated with cardiotoxicity in healthy volunteers, although a prolongation of the electrocardiographic PR interval has been observed, suggesting that ESL may also inhibit cardiac Nav1.5 isoform. However, this has not previously been studied. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological effects of ESL and S-Lic on Nav1.5 using whole-cell patch clamp recording. We interrogated two model systems: (1) MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast carcinoma cells, which endogenously express the "neonatal" Nav1.5 splice variant, and (2) HEK-293 cells stably over-expressing the "adult" Nav1.5 splice variant. We show that both ESL and S-Lic inhibit transient and persistent Na+ current, hyperpolarise the voltage-dependence of fast inactivation, and slow the recovery from channel inactivation. These findings highlight, for the first time, the potent inhibitory effects of ESL and S-Lic on the Nav1.5 isoform, suggesting a possible explanation for the prolonged PR interval observed in patients on ESL treatment. Given that numerous cancer cells have also been shown to express Nav1.5, and that VGSCs potentiate invasion and metastasis, this study also paves the way for future investigations into ESL and S-Lic as potential invasion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Brückner
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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