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Li J, Jia Z, Dong L, Cao H, Huang Y, Xu H, Xie Z, Jiang Y, Wang X, Liu J. DNA damage response in breast cancer and its significant role in guiding novel precise therapies. Biomark Res 2024; 12:111. [PMID: 39334297 PMCID: PMC11437670 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) deficiency has been one of the emerging targets in treating breast cancer in recent years. On the one hand, DDR coordinates cell cycle and signal transduction, whose dysfunction may lead to cell apoptosis, genomic instability, and tumor development. Conversely, DDR deficiency is an intrinsic feature of tumors that underlies their response to treatments that inflict DNA damage. In this review, we systematically explore various mechanisms of DDR, the rationale and research advances in DDR-targeted drugs in breast cancer, and discuss the challenges in its clinical applications. Notably, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in breast cancer with high homogenous recombination deficiency (HRD) status in a series of clinical trials. Moreover, several studies on novel DDR-related molecules are actively exploring to target tumors that become resistant to PARP inhibition. Before further clinical application of new regimens or drugs, novel and standardized biomarkers are needed to develop for accurately characterizing the benefit population and predicting efficacy. Despite the promising efficacy of DDR-related treatments, challenges of off-target toxicity and drug resistance need to be addressed. Strategies to overcome drug resistance await further exploration on DDR mechanisms, and combined targeted drugs or immunotherapy will hopefully provide more precise or combined strategies and expand potential responsive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yansong Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhixuan Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Wang R, Sun Y, Li C, Xue Y, Ba X. Targeting the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15907. [PMID: 37958890 PMCID: PMC10648182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of long-term evolution, cells have developed intricate defense mechanisms in response to DNA damage; these mechanisms play a pivotal role in maintaining genomic stability. Defects in the DNA damage response pathways can give rise to various diseases, including cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) system is instrumental in safeguarding genomic stability. The accumulation of DNA damage and the weakening of DDR function both promote the initiation and progression of tumors. Simultaneously, they offer opportunities and targets for cancer therapeutics. This article primarily elucidates the DNA damage repair pathways and the progress made in targeting key proteins within these pathways for cancer treatment. Among them, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a crucial role in DDR, and inhibitors targeting PARP1 have garnered extensive attention in anticancer research. By delving into the realms of DNA damage and repair, we aspire to explore more precise and effective strategies for cancer therapy and to seek novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yating Sun
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chunshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.X.)
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3
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Aquino A, Bianchi N, Terrazzan A, Franzese O. Protein Kinase C at the Crossroad of Mutations, Cancer, Targeted Therapy and Immune Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 37626933 PMCID: PMC10451643 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent PKC dysregulations observed in many tumors have made these enzymes natural targets for anticancer applications. Nevertheless, this considerable interest in the development of PKC modulators has not led to the expected therapeutic benefits, likely due to the complex biological activities regulated by PKC isoenzymes, often playing ambiguous and protective functions, further driven by the occurrence of mutations. The structure, regulation and functions of PKCs have been extensively covered in other publications. Herein, we focused on PKC alterations mostly associated with complete functional loss. We also addressed the modest yet encouraging results obtained targeting PKC in selected malignancies and the more frequent negative clinical outcomes. The reported observations advocate the need for more selective molecules and a better understanding of the involved pathways. Furthermore, we underlined the most relevant immune mechanisms controlled by PKC isoforms potentially impacting the immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade-mediated immune recovery. We believe that a comprehensive examination of the molecular features of the tumor microenvironment might improve clinical outcomes by tailoring PKC modulation. This approach can be further supported by the identification of potential response biomarkers, which may indicate patients who may benefit from the manipulation of distinctive PKC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Aquino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Clark CA, Yang ES. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Damage Repair in the Era of Precision Oncology and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2022; 6:31-49. [PMID: 36751656 PMCID: PMC9888518 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer manifestation is a multistep process involving accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic changes that results in oncogenic "hallmarks of cancer" processes including genomic instability. Exploitation of aberrant DNA-damage response (DDR) mechanisms in cancer is in part a goal of many therapeutic strategies, and recent evidence supports the role of targeting DDR in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment to enhance immunotherapeutic response. Improved cancer profiling, including next-generation and whole-genome mutational sequencing of tumor tissue, as well as circulating nucleic acids, has enhanced our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis and will become fundamental to precisely target tumors and achieve cancer control. With the successes of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and immunotherapies, the intersection of DDR molecular machinery and corresponding antitumor immune response has gained much interest with a focus on achieving therapeutic synergy using DNA damage-targeting agents and immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a bench-to-bedside overview of the fundamentals of DDR signaling and repair as they relate to cancer therapeutic strategies including novel DDR-targeting agents. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms that link DDR signaling to antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy, and how this knowledge can be used to improve precision medicine approaches in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A. Clark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
,Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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5
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Zhang J, Chan DW, Lin SY. Exploiting DNA Replication Stress as a Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2775. [PMID: 36359297 PMCID: PMC9687274 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cells rely on DNA replication to ensure accurate genome duplication. Cancer cells, including breast cancer cells, exhibit elevated replication stress (RS) due to the uncontrolled oncogenic activation, loss of key tumor suppressors, and defects in the DNA repair machinery. This intrinsic vulnerability provides a great opportunity for therapeutic exploitation. An increasing number of drug candidates targeting RS in breast cancer are demonstrating promising efficacy in preclinical and early clinical trials. However, unresolved challenges lie in balancing the toxicity of these drugs while maintaining clinical efficacy. Furthermore, biomarkers of RS are urgently required to guide patient selection. In this review, we introduce the concept of targeting RS, detail the current therapies that target RS, and highlight the integration of RS with immunotherapies for breast cancer treatment. Additionally, we discuss the potential biomarkers to optimizing the efficacy of these therapies. Together, the continuous advances in our knowledge of targeting RS would benefit more patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Mehlich D, Marusiak AA. Kinase inhibitors for precision therapy of triple-negative breast cancer: Progress, challenges, and new perspectives on targeting this heterogeneous disease. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Landry I, Sumbly V, Vest M. Advancements in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e21970. [PMID: 35282535 PMCID: PMC8905549 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive tumors that are more common in young women, African American populations, and those with hereditary mutations. These tumors are notable for their high recurrence rate and predilection for chemoresistance. The goal of this narrative review is to describe the current treatment options for patients diagnosed with TNBC and to review the studies that have put forward these recommendations. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for free full-text, English-language studies published within the last several years pertaining to the search items “triple negative breast cancer” and “treatment”. We included clinical trials and retrospective reviews that had clear designs and assessed their findings against a gold standard or placebo and included evidence of overall response and/or survival outcomes. Patients with early-stage (I-III) TNBC still benefit from treatment with chemotherapeutic regimens involving anthracyclines, taxanes, and antimetabolites. Platinum-based therapies have been shown to improve the overall pathologic complete response (pCR), but there is conflicting evidence with regard to their contribution to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), even with the addition of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical intervention have shown a significant improvement in OS when treated with adjuvant capecitabine. The high mutation burden in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) allows for targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. mTNBCs that express programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) receptors may achieve improved response and survival if their regimen includes a monoclonal antibody. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can deliver high doses of chemotherapy and significantly impact survival in mTNBC regardless of the level of biomarkers expressed by the tumor cells. PARP inhibitors significantly improve survival in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive mTNBC, but have shown mixed results in patients with a history of previous therapy. PARP inhibitors may also target patients with somatic breast cancer (BRCA) and partner and localizer of BRCA-2 (PALB2) mutations, which would allow for more options in this subset of patients. While other rare targets have shown mixed results, the future of treatment may lie in anti-androgen therapy or the development of cancer vaccinations that may increase the immunogenicity of the tumor environment. The management of TNBC includes treatment with multimodal chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and ADCs. The optimal approach depends on a multitude of factors, which include the stage of the tumor, its unique mutational burden, comorbid conditions, and the functional status of the patient. Physicians should be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy in order to appropriately counsel and guide their patients.
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The Landscape of PDK1 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030811. [PMID: 35159078 PMCID: PMC8834120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) plays a crucial role in the malignant biological behaviors of a wide range of cancers, we review the influence of PDK1 in breast cancer (BC). First, we describe the power of PDK1 in cellular behaviors and characterize the interaction networks of PDK1. Then, we establish the roles of PDK1 in carcinogenesis, growth and survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance in BC cells. More importantly, we sort the current preclinical or clinical trials of PDK1-targeted therapy in BC and find that, even though no selective PDK1 inhibitor is currently available for BC therapy, the combination trials of PDK1-targeted therapy and other agents have provided some benefit. Thus, there is increasing anticipation that PDK1-targeted therapy will have its space in future therapeutic approaches related to BC, and we hope the novel approaches of targeted therapy will be conducive to ameliorating the dismal prognosis of BC patients.
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10
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Choi W, Lee ES. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031701. [PMID: 35163621 PMCID: PMC8836062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is critical to ensure genome stability, and defects in this signaling pathway are highly associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nevertheless, this also provides therapeutic opportunities, as cells with defective DDR signaling are directed to rely on compensatory survival pathways, and these vulnerabilities have been exploited for anticancer treatments. Following the impressive success of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers, extensive research has been conducted toward the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of the key components of the DDR signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the key elements of the DDR pathway and how these molecular components may serve as anticancer treatment targets. We also summarize the recent promising developments in the field of DDR pathway inhibitors, focusing on novel agents beyond PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss biomarker studies to identify target patients expected to derive maximal clinical benefits as well as combination strategies with other classes of anticancer agents to synergize and optimize the clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-1633
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Activators and Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC): Their Applications in Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111748. [PMID: 34834162 PMCID: PMC8621927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is classed into three subfamilies based on their structural and activation characteristics: conventional or classic PKC isozymes (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic PKC isozymes (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical PKC isozymes (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ). PKC inhibitors and activators are used to understand PKC-mediated intracellular signaling pathways and for the diagnosis and treatment of various PKC-associated diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Many clinical trials of PKC inhibitors in cancers showed no significant clinical benefits, meaning that there is a limitation to design a cancer therapeutic strategy targeting PKC alone. This review will focus on the activators and inhibitors of PKC and their applications in clinical trials.
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Kawahara N, Yamada Y, Kobayashi H. CCNE1 Is a Putative Therapeutic Target for ARID1A-Mutated Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115869. [PMID: 34070839 PMCID: PMC8198755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is resistant to platinum chemotherapy and is characterized by poor prognosis. Today, the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, which is based on synthetic lethality strategy and characterized by cancer selectivity, is widely used for new types of molecular-targeted treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. However, it is less effective against OCCC. Methods: We conducted siRNA screening to identify synthetic lethal candidates for the ARID1A mutation; as a result, we identified Cyclin-E1 (CCNE1) as a potential target that affects cell viability. To further clarify the effects of CCNE1, human OCCC cell lines, namely TOV-21G and KOC7c (ARID1A mutant lines), and RMG-I and ES2 (ARID1A wild type lines) were transfected with siRNA targeting CCNE1 or a control vector. Results: Loss of CCNE1 reduced proliferation of the TOV-21G and KOC7c cells but not of the RMG-I and ES2 cells. Furthermore, in vivo interference of CCNE1 effectively inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that CCNE1 is a synthetic lethal target gene to ARID1A-mutated OCCC. Targeting this gene may represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8877; Fax: +81-(744)-23-6557
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13
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Katoueezadeh M, Pilehvari N, Fatemi A, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA. Inhibition of DNA damage response pathway using combination of DDR pathway inhibitors and radiation in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2803-2816. [PMID: 33960207 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An alarming increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases among children and adults has attracted the attention of researchers to discover new therapeutic strategies with a better prognosis. In cancer cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway elements have been recognized to protect tumor cells from various stresses and cause tumor progression; targeting these DDR members is an attractive strategy for treatment of cancers. The inhibition of the DDR pathway in cancer cells for the treatment of cancers has recently been introduced. Hence, effective treatment strategies are needed for this purpose. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia. This review aims to assess the synergistic effects of these inhibitors with irradiation for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Niloofar Pilehvari
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718796755, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911319, Iran
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Adverse Cerebral Cardiovascular Events Associated With Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitors: A Systemic Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:549-556. [PMID: 33951693 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays a broad role in regulating the cell cycle process and is involved in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors. Preclinical and animal studies have shown that CHK1 inhibitors can enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Currently, CHK1 inhibitors are actively tested in clinical trials. Nonspecific adverse cerebral cardiovascular events were reported after CHK1 inhibitor use; these events need to be monitored and managed carefully during the clinical application of CHK1 inhibitors. To get a better understanding of these, noteworthy adverse cardiovascular events, we systemically searched the PubMed, Cochrane databases, and clinicaltrials.gov, for relevant clinical trials and case reports. A total of 19 studies were identified and included in this review. Among the reported cerebral cardiovascular events, the most common is incident abnormal blood pressure fluctuations (n = 35), followed by incident QTcF prolongation (n = 15), arrhythmia (n = 13, 3 atrial fibrillation and 10 bradycardia), thromboembolic events (n = 9, 6 pulmonary embolisms, 2 stroke, and 1 cerebrovascular event), cardiac troponin T elevation (n = 2), and ischemic chest pain (n = 2). Besides, the estimated incidence for overall cardiovascular events based on the available data is 0.292 (95% confidence interval: 0.096-0.488). CHK1 inhibitors administered in tumor patients on top of conventional therapies can not only enhance the antitumor effects, but also induce adverse cerebral cardiovascular events. It is, therefore, of importance to carefully monitor and manage the CHK1 inhibitor-induced adverse effects on the cerebral cardiovascular system while applying CHK1 inhibitors to tumor patients.
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15
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Jin T, Wang P, Long X, Jiang K, Song P, Wu W, Xu G, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu T. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable CHK1 Inhibitors Active against Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1477-1487. [PMID: 33591599 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a central component in DNA damage response and has emerged as a target for antitumor therapeutics. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of potent diaminopyrimidine CHK1 inhibitors. The compounds exhibited moderate to potent CHK1 inhibition and could suppress the proliferation of malignant hematological cell lines. The optimized compound 13 had a CHK1 IC50 value of 7.73±0.74 nM, and MV-4-11 cells were sensitive to it (IC50 =0.035±0.007 μM). Furthermore, compound 13 was metabolically stable in mouse liver microsomes in vitro and displayed moderate oral bioavailability in vivo. Moreover, treatment of MV-4-11 cells with compound 13 for 2 h led to robust inhibition of CHK1 autophosphorylation on serine 296. Based on these biochemical results, we consider compound 13 to be a promising CHK1 inhibitor and potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Wang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiubing Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Jiang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pinrao Song
- Shanghai Jemincare Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Jemincare Group Research Institute, 1118 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Wu
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gaoya Xu
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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16
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DNA damage response inhibitors: An avenue for TNBC treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188521. [PMID: 33556453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability by sensing DNA damage, regulating cell cycle and initiating DNA repair. Drugs targeting DDR pathways have been increasingly exploited in treating various tumors. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive tumor with constitutive activation of oncogenes, inducing replication stress and DNA damage, which require the DDR for survival. In addition, emerging studies have demonstrated that TNBC harbors aberrant genetic alterations in DDR pathways, such as a high frequency of p53 dysfunction and BRCA1/2 mutations. DDR alterations force TNBC to rely on the existing DDR pathways for survival, and make TNBC particularly sensitive to specific DDR inhibitors, such as high sensitivity of TNBC with BRCA1/2 mutations to PARP inhibitors. This review first and comprehensively covers the current status of the development of DDR inhibitors and discusses the mechanism of targeting the DDR in TNBC. Preclinical and clinical studies on inhibitors of the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway and PARP inhibitors, the most studied inhibitors, and some other DDR inhibitors as monotherapy or combination therapy in TNBC are summarized. We also highlight the possible predictive biomarkers for these DDR inhibitors and their potential combination strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other targeted agents to optimize the efficacy of DDR inhibitors in TNBC treatment. In conclusion, this review discussed the recent considerations related to the use of DDR inhibitors for TNBC and provides a perspective to address future directions and potential therapeutic strategies for patients with TNBC.
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17
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Neizer-Ashun F, Bhattacharya R. Reality CHEK: Understanding the biology and clinical potential of CHK1. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:202-211. [PMID: 32991949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response enables cells to cope with various stresses that threaten genomic integrity. A critical component of this response is the serine/threonine kinase CHK1 which is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. Originally identified as a regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, CHK1 has since been shown to play important roles in DNA replication, mitotic progression, DNA repair, and overall cell cycle regulation. However, the potential of CHK1 as a cancer therapy has not been realized clinically. Herein we expound our current understanding of the principal roles of CHK1 and highlight different avenues for CHK1 targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiifi Neizer-Ashun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States.
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18
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Rui M, Shi F, Shang Y, Meng R, Li H. Economic Evaluation of Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine Versus Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine for the Treatment of First-Line Advanced Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in China: Using Markov Model and Partitioned Survival Model. Adv Ther 2020; 37:3761-3774. [PMID: 32647912 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cisplatin plus gemcitabine vs. paclitaxel plus gemcitabine as a first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in China. METHODS The Markov model and partitioned survival (PS) model were used, and the study included three health states over the period of a lifetime. Transition probabilities and safety data were derived from the CBCSG006 trial (cisplatin plus gemcitabine vs. paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients who had acquired metastatic triple-negative breast cancer). Cost and utility values were derived from previous studies, the Chinese Drug Bidding Database, and healthcare documents. Sensitivity analyses were performed to observe model stability. RESULTS In the Markov model, compared with paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, cisplatin plus gemcitabine yielded an additional 0.15 QALYs, with an incremental cost of 1976.33 USD. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was 12,826.98 USD/QALY (quality-adjusted life year). In the PS model, cisplatin plus gemcitabine yielded an additional 0.17 QALYs with an incremental cost of 2384.63 USD; the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was 13,867.7 USD/QALY. In the first scenario analysis, in which the 3-year time horizon was used in both arms, the total QALYs in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group were larger and the costs were lower, indicating that cisplatin plus gemcitabine was superior to paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. In the second scenario, in which the progression-free (PF) utility (during chemotherapy) was 0.76, the PF utility was 0.96, and the post-progression (PP) utility was 0.55, the result obtained with the Markov model showed that the ICUR was 11,063.68 USD/QALY. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) on the Markov model, the probabilities that cisplatin plus gemcitabine would be cost-effective were 48.94-78.72% if the willingness-to-pay threshold was 9776.8 to 29,330.4 USD/QALY. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present analysis suggest that cisplatin plus gemcitabine might be much more cost-effective than paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients receiving first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Rui
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghao Shi
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Meng
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Li
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Wu G, Liu J, Yue X. Prediction of drug-disease associations based on ensemble meta paths and singular value decomposition. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:134. [PMID: 30925858 PMCID: PMC6439991 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the field of drug repositioning, it is assumed that similar drugs may treat similar diseases, therefore many existing computational methods need to compute the similarities of drugs and diseases. However, the calculation of similarity depends on the adopted measure and the available features, which may lead that the similarity scores vary dramatically from one to another, and it will not work when facing the incomplete data. Besides, supervised learning based methods usually need both positive and negative samples to train the prediction models, whereas in drug-disease pairs data there are only some verified interactions (positive samples) and a lot of unlabeled pairs. To train the models, many methods simply treat the unlabeled samples as negative ones, which may introduce artificial noises. Herein, we propose a method to predict drug-disease associations without the need of similarity information, and select more likely negative samples. Results In the proposed EMP-SVD (Ensemble Meta Paths and Singular Value Decomposition), we introduce five meta paths corresponding to different kinds of interaction data, and for each meta path we generate a commuting matrix. Every matrix is factorized into two low rank matrices by SVD which are used for the latent features of drugs and diseases respectively. The features are combined to represent drug-disease pairs. We build a base classifier via Random Forest for each meta path and five base classifiers are combined as the final ensemble classifier. In order to train out a more reliable prediction model, we select more likely negative ones from unlabeled samples under the assumption that non-associated drug and disease pair have no common interacted proteins. The experiments have shown that the proposed EMP-SVD method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches. Case studies by literature investigation have found that the proposed EMP-SVD can mine out many drug-disease associations, which implies the practicality of EMP-SVD. Conclusions The proposed EMP-SVD can integrate the interaction data among drugs, proteins and diseases, and predict the drug-disease associations without the need of similarity information. At the same time, the strategy of selecting more reliable negative samples will benefit the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Wu
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China. .,Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Yue
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Ohio, 43210, USA
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20
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Hwang SY, Park S, Kwon Y. Recent therapeutic trends and promising targets in triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:30-57. [PMID: 30825473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation are the primary systemic therapeutic strategies; no other FDA-approved targeted therapies are yet available as for TNBC. TNBC is generally characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of proliferation and metastases. Due to these aggressive features and lack of targeted therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover viable molecular targets for TNBC. Massive cohort studies, clinical trials, and in-depth analyses have revealed diverse molecular alterations in TNBC; however, controversy exists as to whether many of these changes are beneficial or detrimental in caner progression. Here we review the complicated tumorigenic processes and discuss critical findings and therapeutic trends in TNBC with a focus on promising therapeutic approaches, the clinical trials currently underway, and potent experimental compounds under preclinical and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Pilié PG, Tang C, Mills GB, Yap TA. State-of-the-art strategies for targeting the DNA damage response in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:81-104. [PMID: 30356138 PMCID: PMC8327299 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key hallmark of cancer that arises owing to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) and/or increased replication stress. These alterations promote the clonal evolution of cancer cells via the accumulation of driver aberrations, including gene copy-number changes, rearrangements and mutations; however, these same defects also create vulnerabilities that are relatively specific to cancer cells, which could potentially be exploited to increase the therapeutic index of anticancer treatments and thereby improve patient outcomes. The discovery that BRCA-mutant cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase has ushered in a new era of research on biomarker-driven synthetic lethal treatment strategies for different cancers. The therapeutic landscape of antitumour agents targeting the DDR has rapidly expanded to include inhibitors of other key mediators of DNA repair and replication, such as ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2, DNA-PK and WEE1. Efforts to optimize these therapies are ongoing across a range of cancers, involving the development of predictive biomarker assays of responsiveness (beyond BRCA mutations), assessment of the mechanisms underlying intrinsic and acquired resistance, and evaluation of rational, tolerable combinations with standard-of-care treatments (such as chemotherapeutics and radiation), novel molecularly targeted agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, we discuss the current status of anticancer therapies targeting the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Babikir HA, Afjei R, Paulmurugan R, Massoud TF. Restoring guardianship of the genome: Anticancer drug strategies to reverse oncogenic mutant p53 misfolding. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Chamoun K, Borthakur G. Investigational CHK1 inhibitors in early stage clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:661-666. [PMID: 30084282 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1508448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common myeloid malignancy in adults. Despite recent discoveries of targeted therapies, the frontline therapy consisting of chemotherapy remains unchanged for the past four decades. Like other cancers, AML is characterized by deranged DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. Although impaired DDR may contribute to the pathogenesis of AML it also allows leukemia cells with damaged DNA to attempt repair resulting in resistance. CHK1 inhibitors reverse the cell cycle arrest, disallowing the cell to repair the chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, driving the cell to enter into mitotic catastrophe.Areas covered: This paper reviews the preclinical and clinical development of CHK1 inhibitors and we discussed their promising role as a potential addition to the therapeutic arsenal of AML.Expert opinion: Targeting the cell cycle checkpoints is an intriguing approach to treat cancer in general and AML in particular. CHK1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy have the potential of improving outcome in high-risk AML characterized by DDR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Chamoun
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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24
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Shi Y, Jin J, Ji W, Guan X. Therapeutic landscape in mutational triple negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:99. [PMID: 30007403 PMCID: PMC6046102 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Genomic sequencing has detected a distinctive mutational portrait of both the germline and somatic alterations in TNBC, which is staggeringly different from other breast cancer subtypes. The clinical utility of sequencing germline BRCA1/2 genes has been well established in TNBC. However, for other predisposition genes, studies concerning the risk and penetrance to TNBC are relatively scarce. Very few recurrent mutations, including TP53 and PI3KCA mutations, together with a long tail of individually rare mutations occur in TNBC. These combined effects of genomic alterations drive TNBC progression. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of TNBC, clinical interpretation of the genomic alterations in TNBC may pave a new way for the treatment of TNBC. In this review, we summarized the germline and somatic mutation profiles of TNBC and discussed the current and upcoming therapeutic strategies targeting the mutant proteins or pathways to enable tailored-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wenfei Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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25
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STK3 is a therapeutic target for a subset of acute myeloid leukemias. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25458-25473. [PMID: 29876001 PMCID: PMC5986655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloblasts, which impair normal hematopoiesis. While this definition categorizes the disease into a distinctive group, the large number of different genetic and epigenetic alterations actually suggests that AML is not a single disease, but a plethora of malignancies. Still, most AML patients are not treated with targeted medication but rather by uniform approaches such as chemotherapy. The identification of novel treatment options likely requires the identification of cancer cell vulnerabilities that take into account the different genetic and epigenetic make-up of the individual tumors. Here we show that STK3 depletion by knock-down, knock-out or chemical inhibition results in apoptotic cells death in some but not all AML cell lines and primary cells tested. This effect is mediated by a premature activation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in presence of elevated cyclin B1 levels. The anti-leukemic effects seen in both bulk and progenitor AML cells suggests that STK3 might be a promising target in a subset of AML patients.
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26
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Das B, Neilsen BK, Fisher KW, Gehring D, Hu Y, Volle DJ, Kim HS, McCall JL, Kelly DL, MacMillan JB, White MA, Lewis RE. A Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) screen detects an AMPK inhibitor with selective toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3770. [PMID: 29491475 PMCID: PMC5830883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK is a serine threonine kinase composed of a heterotrimer of a catalytic, kinase-containing α and regulatory β and γ subunits. Here we show that individual AMPK subunit expression and requirement for survival varies across colon cancer cell lines. While AMPKα1 expression is relatively consistent across colon cancer cell lines, AMPKα1 depletion does not induce cell death. Conversely, AMPKα2 is expressed at variable levels in colon cancer cells. In high expressing SW480 and moderate expressing HCT116 colon cancer cells, siRNA-mediated depletion induces cell death. These data suggest that AMPK kinase inhibition may be a useful component of future therapeutic strategies. We used Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) to screen a natural product library to identify compounds that were inhibitors of AMPK to test its potential for detecting small molecules with preferential toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. FUSION identified 5'-hydroxy-staurosporine, which competitively inhibits AMPK. Human colon cancer cell lines are notably more sensitive to 5'-hydroxy-staurosporine than are non-transformed human colon epithelial cells. This study serves as proof-of-concept for unbiased FUSION-based detection of small molecule inhibitors of therapeutic targets and highlights its potential to identify novel compounds for cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Das
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Drew Gehring
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Youcai Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peeking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, China
| | - Deanna J Volle
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Avison Biomedical Research Center, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Jamie L McCall
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - David L Kelly
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - John B MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Robert E Lewis
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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27
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Signore M, Buccarelli M, Pilozzi E, De Luca G, Cappellari M, Fanciulli M, Goeman F, Melucci E, Biffoni M, Ricci-Vitiani L. UCN-01 enhances cytotoxicity of irinotecan in colorectal cancer stem-like cells by impairing DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44113-44128. [PMID: 27286453 PMCID: PMC5190083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Despite recent progress, the prognosis of advanced stage CRC remains poor, mainly because of cancer recurrence and metastasis. The high morbidity and mortality of CRC has been recently ascribed to a small population of tumor cells that hold the potential of tumor initiation, i.e. cancer stem cells (CSCs), which play a pivotal role in cancer recurrence and metastasis and are not eradicated by current therapy. We screened CRC-SCs in vitro with a library of protein kinase inhibitors and showed that CRC-SCs are resistant to specific inhibition of the major signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. Nonetheless, broad-spectrum inhibition by the staurosporin derivative UCN-01 blocks CRC-SC growth and potentiates the activity of irinotecan in vitro and in vivo CRC-SC-derived models. Reverse-Phase Protein Microarrays (RPPA) revealed that, albeit CRC-SCs display individual phospho-proteomic profiles, sensitivity of CRC-SCs to UCN-01 relies on the interference with the DNA damage response mediated by Chk1. Combination of LY2603618, a specific Chk1/2 inhibitor, with irinotecan resulted in a significant reduction of CRC-SC growth in vivo, confirming that irinotecan treatment coupled to inhibition of Chk1 represents a potentially effective therapeutic approach for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Signore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Cappellari
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Melucci
- Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Zhao D, Tahaney WM, Mazumdar A, Savage MI, Brown PH. Molecularly targeted therapies for p53-mutant cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4171-4187. [PMID: 28643165 PMCID: PMC5664959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is lost or mutated in approximately half of human cancers. Mutant p53 not only loses its anti-tumor transcriptional activity, but also often acquires oncogenic functions to promote tumor proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. Traditional strategies have been taken to directly target p53 mutants through identifying small molecular compounds to deplete mutant p53, or to restore its tumor suppressive function. Accumulating evidence suggest that cancer cells with mutated p53 often exhibit specific functional dependencies on secondary genes or pathways to survive, providing alternative targets to indirectly treat p53-mutant cancers. Targeting these genes or pathways, critical for survival in the presence of p53 mutations, holds great promise for cancer treatment. In addition, mutant p53 often exhibits novel gain-of-functions to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we review and discuss strategies targeting mutant p53, with focus on targeting the mutant p53 protein directly, and on the progress of identifying genes and pathways required in p53-mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekuang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William M Tahaney
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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Paculová H, Kramara J, Šimečková Š, Fedr R, Souček K, Hylse O, Paruch K, Svoboda M, Mistrík M, Kohoutek J. BRCA1 or CDK12 loss sensitizes cells to CHK1 inhibitors. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317727479. [PMID: 29025359 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317727479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of tumors develop resistance to classic chemotherapy, necessitating the discovery of new therapies. One successful strategy exploits the synthetic lethality between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 proteins and DNA damage response genes, including BRCA1, a factor involved in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, and CDK12, a transcriptional kinase known to regulate the expression of DDR genes. CHK1 inhibitors have been shown to enhance the anti-cancer effect of DNA-damaging compounds. Since loss of BRCA1 increases replication stress and leads to DNA damage, we tested a hypothesis that CDK12- or BRCA1-depleted cells rely extensively on S-phase-related CHK1 functions for survival. The silencing of BRCA1 or CDK12 sensitized tumor cells to CHK1 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. BRCA1 downregulation combined with CHK1 inhibition induced excessive amounts of DNA damage, resulting in an inability to complete the S-phase. Therefore, we suggest CHK1 inhibition as a strategy for targeting BRCA1- or CDK12-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Paculová
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Kramara
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Šimečková
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hylse
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- 7 Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrík
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Narayan S, Jaiswal AS, Sharma R, Nawab A, Duckworth LV, Law BK, Zajac-Kaye M, George TJ, Sharma J, Sharma AK, Hromas RA. NSC30049 inhibits Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC bulk and stem cell populations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57246-57264. [PMID: 28915668 PMCID: PMC5593639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment induces DNA damage and stalling of DNA replication forks. These stalled replication forks then collapse to form one sided double-strand breaks, leading to apoptosis. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells rapidly repair the stalled/collapsed replication forks and overcome treatment effects. Recent evidence suggests a critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in preventing the replicative stress. Therefore, Chk1 kinase has been a target for developing mono or combination therapeutic agents. In the present study, we have identified a novel orphan molecule NSC30049 (NSC49L) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC heterogeneous bulk and FOLFOX-resistant cell lines in culture with minimal effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. It also inhibits the sphere forming activity of CRC stem cells, and decreases the expression levels of mRNAs of CRC stem cell marker genes. Results showed that NSC49L induces 5-FU-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest due to increased load of DNA damage and increased γ-H2AX staining as a mechanism of cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a higher bioavailability of this compound, however, with a short plasma half-life. The drug is highly tolerated by animals with no pathological aberrations. Furthermore, NSC49L showed very potent activity in a HDTX model of CRC stem cell tumors either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Thus, NSC49L as a single agent or combined with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent by targeting the Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC heterogeneous bulk and CRC stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lizette Vila Duckworth
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jay Sharma
- Celprogen, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Khosravi-Shahi P, Cabezón-Gutiérrez L, Custodio-Cabello S. Metastatic triple negative breast cancer: Optimizing treatment options, new and emerging targeted therapies. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:32-39. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ghelli Luserna di Rora’ A, Iacobucci I, Martinelli G. The cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of leukemias. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:77. [PMID: 28356161 PMCID: PMC5371185 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in the treatment of cancers has recently reached an exciting stage with several cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors that are now being tested in several clinical trials in cancer patients. Although the great amount of pre-clinical and clinical data are from the solid tumor experience, only few studies have been done on leukemias using specific cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. This review aims to summarize the most recent data found on the biological mechanisms of the response to DNA damages highlighting the role of the different elements of the DDR pathway in normal and cancer cells and focusing on the main genetic alteration or aberrant gene expression that has been found on acute and chronic leukemias. This review, for the first time, outlines the most important pre-clinical and clinical data available on the efficacy of cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in single agent and in combination with different agents normally used for the treatment of acute and chronic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Iacobucci
- Department of Hematology and Medical Sciences “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
- Present: Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - G. Martinelli
- Department of Hematology and Medical Sciences “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
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Palanisamy SK, Rajendran NM, Marino A. Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:1-111. [PMID: 28097641 PMCID: PMC5315671 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994-2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from <3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11-12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - N M Rajendran
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Cellular responses to replication stress: Implications in cancer biology and therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 49:9-20. [PMID: 27908669 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication is essential for cell proliferation. Any obstacles during replication cause replication stress, which may lead to genomic instability and cancer formation. In this review, we summarize the physiological DNA replication process and the normal cellular response to replication stress. We also outline specialized therapies in clinical trials based on current knowledge and future perspectives in the field.
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35
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Zhang J, Fan M, Xie J, Wang Z, Wang B, Zhang S, Wang L, Cao J, Tao Z, Li T, Hu X. Chemotherapy of metastatic triple negative breast cancer: Experience of using platinum-based chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43135-43. [PMID: 26447756 PMCID: PMC4767497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of recent studies investigating the role of platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) were conflicting. We retrospectively investigated a large cohort (n = 379) of mTNBC to re-evaluate the role of platinums. Longer PFS was found in patients with PBCT than those with non-PBCT (7.8 vs. 4.9 months, P < 0.001) as first-line chemotherapy, but no statistical difference of OS was observed. Compared with other kinds of platinum, cisplatin-based regimens as the first-line chemotherapy showed better PFS (8.0 vs. 4.3 months, P = 0.03) and better ORR. Introduction of ≥2 lines, rather than 1 line, of PBCT can result in better OS when compared with no introduction of PBCT during the whole treatment. If considering the timing of intervention of PBCT, first-line introduction and later line introduction of PBCT did not make any difference in OS among patients with only one line PBCT during the whole treatment. We concluded that PBCT with only 1 line during the whole treatment might not be necessary for unselected mTNBC with the exception of an urgent demand to control disease or symptoms, however, ≥2 lines of PBCT did prolong OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minhao Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biyun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Leiping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Triple-negative breast cancer: advancements in characterization and treatment approach. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2016; 28:59-69. [PMID: 26694831 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 15-20% of all breast cancer and is defined by the lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification. Compared with patients with hormone receptor positive or Her-2 positive breast cancer, patients with TNBC are more commonly young (age <50 years), African-American and have a higher incidence of BRCA1/2 mutations. The clinical course is frequently characterized by early relapse and poor overall survival. The TNBC phenotype is impervious to therapies commonly used in other breast cancer subtypes, including hormonal therapy and Her-2 receptor antagonism. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the only approved treatment. With its aggressive clinical course and paucity of effective treatment options, TNBC represents an unmet clinical need. This review will focus on updates of the biologic underpinnings of TNBC and the associated treatment advances. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous advancements have been made toward understanding the biologic framework of TNBC. Gene expression profiling has revealed six clinically relevant subsets of TNBC. Further study has demonstrated a portion of TNBC exhibits a strong immune gene signature. Lastly, it is now appreciated that a subgroup of sporadic TNBC shares biologic characteristics with BRCA1/2-mutated breast cancer, notably homologous repair deficiency. Recent studies focus on incorporation of platinum salts and new combinations of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Targeted agents, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors, and androgen antagonist are also being evaluated. Most recently, checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated a modest degree of activity in a subset of TNBC. SUMMARY These discoveries are informing novel treatment paradigms and identification of correlative biomarkers in TNBC. Improved understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of TNBC is allowing for a more effective and individualized approach to treatment.
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Visconti R, Della Monica R, Grieco D. Cell cycle checkpoint in cancer: a therapeutically targetable double-edged sword. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:153. [PMID: 27670139 PMCID: PMC5037895 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major currently used anticancer therapeutics either directly damage DNA or target and upset basic cell division mechanisms like DNA replication and chromosome segregation. These insults elicit activation of cell cycle checkpoints, safeguard mechanisms that cells implement to correctly complete cell cycle phases, repair damage or eventually commit suicide in case damage is unrepairable. Although cancer cells appear to be advantageously defective in some aspects of checkpoint physiology, recent acquisitions on the biochemical mechanisms of the various checkpoints are offering new therapeutic approaches against cancer. Indeed, chemical manipulation of these mechanisms is providing new therapeutic strategies and tools to increase the killing efficacy of major cancer therapeutics as well as to directly promote cancer cell death. In this review we summarize developing concepts on how targeting cell cycle checkpoints may provide substantial improvement to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Della Monica
- DMMBM, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Grieco
- DMMBM, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
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Zhang J, Dai Q, Park D, Deng X. Targeting DNA Replication Stress for Cancer Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7080051. [PMID: 27548226 PMCID: PMC4999839 DOI: 10.3390/genes7080051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cellular genome is under constant stress from extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which can lead to DNA damage and defective replication. In normal cells, DNA damage response (DDR) mediated by various checkpoints will either activate the DNA repair system or induce cellular apoptosis/senescence, therefore maintaining overall genomic integrity. Cancer cells, however, due to constitutive growth signaling and defective DDR, may exhibit “replication stress” —a phenomenon unique to cancer cells that is described as the perturbation of error-free DNA replication and slow-down of DNA synthesis. Although replication stress has been proven to induce genomic instability and tumorigenesis, recent studies have counterintuitively shown that enhancing replicative stress through further loosening of the remaining checkpoints in cancer cells to induce their catastrophic failure of proliferation may provide an alternative therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the rationale to enhance replicative stress in cancer cells, past approaches using traditional radiation and chemotherapy, and emerging approaches targeting the signaling cascades induced by DNA damage. We also summarize current clinical trials exploring these strategies and propose future research directions including the use of combination therapies, and the identification of potential new targets and biomarkers to track and predict treatment responses to targeting DNA replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Qun Dai
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Xingming Deng
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Triple negative breast cancer: looking for the missing link between biology and treatments. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26560-74. [PMID: 26387133 PMCID: PMC4694936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The so called “Triple Negative Breast Cancer” (TNBC) represents approximately 15-20% of breast cancers. This acronym simply means that the tumour does not express oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and does not exhibit amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene. Despite this unambiguous definition, TNBCs are an heterogeneous group of tumours with just one common clinical feature: a distinctly aggressive nature with higher rates of relapse and shorter overall survival in the metastatic setting compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Because of the absence of well-defined molecular targets, cytotoxic chemotherapy is currently the only treatment option for TNBC. In the last decades, the use of more aggressive chemotherapy has produced a clear improvement of the prognosis in women with TNBC, but this approach results in an unacceptable deterioration in the quality of life, also if some support therapies try to relieve patients from distress. In addition, there is the general belief that it is impossible to further improve the prognosis of TNBC patients with chemotherapy alone. In view of that, there is a feverish search for new “clever drugs” able both to rescue chemo-resistant, and to reduce the burden of chemotherapy in chemo-responsive TNBC patients. A major obstacle to identifying actionable targets in TNBC is the vast disease heterogeneity both inter-tumour and intra-tumour and years of study have failed to demonstrate a single unifying alteration that is targetable in TNBC. TNBC is considered the subtype that best benefits from the neoadjuvant model, since the strong correlation between pathological Complete Response and long-term Disease-Free-Survival in these patients. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have furthered our understanding of TNBC, with a focus on the subtyping of TNBC. We also explore the implications of these discoveries for future treatments and highlight the need for a completely different type of clinical trials.
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Choi M, Kipps T, Kurzrock R. ATM Mutations in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1781-91. [PMID: 27413114 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation of checkpoint arrest and homologous DNA repair are necessary for maintenance of genomic integrity during DNA replication. Germ-line mutations of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene result in the well-characterized ataxia telangiectasia syndrome, which manifests with an increased cancer predisposition, including a 20% to 30% lifetime risk of lymphoid, gastric, breast, central nervous system, skin, and other cancers. Somatic ATM mutations or deletions are commonly found in lymphoid malignancies, as well as a variety of solid tumors. Such mutations may result in chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis, but may also be exploited by existing or emerging targeted therapies that produce synthetic lethal states. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1781-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Choi
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.
| | - Thomas Kipps
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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Gui Y, Xu S, Yang X, Gu L, Zhang Z, Luo X, Chen L. A meta-analysis of biomarkers for the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Biomark Med 2016; 10:771-90. [PMID: 27339713 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers that has the ability to predict triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) prognosis especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy is very important. Methods: The cohort studies that reported association between chemotherapy biomarker expression and survival outcome in TNBC patients were included in our analysis. Results: The promising markers that emerged for the prediction of disease-free survival and overall survival included Ki67, BRCA1 methylation and LC3B. Furthermore, Ki67 appeared to be also significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in TNBC patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that in TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy, Ki67 is a predictor for poor prognosis, BRCA1 methylation and LC3B are also potential prognostic markers. In addition, the TNBC patients with high Ki67 expression seems to display resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gui
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuman Xu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- Burn Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Key Laboratory of Trauma & Burns, Chongqing Key Lab. of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
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42
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Ke B, Tian M, Li J, Liu B, He G. Targeting Programmed Cell Death Using Small-Molecule Compounds to Improve Potential Cancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:983-1035. [PMID: 27357603 DOI: 10.1002/med.21398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Mao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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O'Sullivan CC. CDK4/6 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced hormone receptor positive breast cancer and beyond: 2016 update. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1657-67. [PMID: 27322766 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1201072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the central role of cyclin-dependent kinases in regulating cell division, there has been a longstanding interest in developing compounds which target the cyclin D1: CDK4/6 axis in breast cancer. The recent discovery of potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) was an important breakthrough. AREAS COVERED There are three CDK4/6i in clinical development (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib). Phase II and III studies using palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy demonstrated remarkable clinical activity in women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer, resulting in two separate FDA approvals in 2015 and 2016. In this article, we review the preclinical and clinical development of these compounds as well as discussing the role for novel applications of these agents outside the arena of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION In combination with endocrine therapy, CDK4/6i have shown promising efficacy in patients with advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Numerous trials in a variety of clinical settings and in different tumor types are ongoing or planned.
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Wang L, Li W, Li S. A High Throughput Assay for Screening Host Restriction Factors and Antivirals Targeting Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:858. [PMID: 27375580 PMCID: PMC4891343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a human respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics and occasional global pandemics with devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. Currently approved treatments against influenza are losing effectiveness, as new viral strains are often refractory to conventional treatments. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets with which to develop novel antiviral drugs. The common strategy to discover new drug targets and antivirals is high throughput screening. However, most current screenings for IAV rely on the engineered virus carrying a reporter, which prevents the application to newly emerging wild type flu viruses, such as 2009 pandemic H1N1 flu. Here we developed a simple and sensitive screening assay for wild type IAV by quantitatively analyzing viral protein levels using a Dot Blot Assay in combination with the LI-COR Imaging System (DBALIS). We first validated DBALIS in overexpression and RNAi assays, which are suitable methods for screening host factors regulating viral infection. More importantly, we also validated and initiated drug screening using DBALIS. A pilot compound screening identified a small molecule that inhibited IAV infection. Taken together, our method represents a reliable and convenient high throughput assay for screening novel host factors and antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA
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Zeichner SB, Terawaki H, Gogineni K. A Review of Systemic Treatment in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 10:25-36. [PMID: 27042088 PMCID: PMC4807882 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s32783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer along with metastatic estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR)- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors are referred to as having metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) disease. Although there have been many new treatment options approved by the Food and Drug Administration for ER/PR-positive and Her2/neu-amplified metastatic breast cancer, relatively few new agents have been approved for patients with mTNBC. There have been several head-to-head chemotherapy trials performed within the metastatic setting, and much of what is applied in clinical practice is extrapolated from chemotherapy trials in the adjuvant setting, with taxanes and anthracyclines incorporated early on in the patient's treatment course. Select synergistic combinations can produce faster and more significant response rates compared with monotherapy and are typically used in the setting of visceral threat or symptomatic disease. Preclinical studies have implicated other possible targets and mechanisms in mTNBC. Ongoing clinical trials are underway assessing new chemotherapeutic strategies and agents, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we evaluate the standard systemic and future treatment options in mTNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Zeichner
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hiromi Terawaki
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cowherd S, Miller LD, Melin SA, Akman S, Isom S, Cole J, Pullikuth A, Lawrence JA. A phase II clinical trial of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with panitumumab in metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:678-83. [PMID: 25928118 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1026481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) can have a poor prognosis with treatment limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The identification of effective therapies that may limit exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy and lead to prolonged survival is an unmet medical need. We tested an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS We conducted a single arm clinical trial in women with metastatic or locally advanced TNBC to paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC of 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 and panitumumab 6 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 for a cycle length of 28 days. The objectives were to evaluate the response rate and safety of the combination in comparison to historical controls. RESULTS Fourteen patients with TNBC were enrolled with a median age of 53 years. The majority of women were African American (64.3%) with visceral metastasis (64.2%). Hematologic toxicities, particularly neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, were a major cause of missed chemotherapy and delayed treatment in this study. The overall response rate (complete and partial response) of the 13 evaluable patients was 46%. The median time to best response was 2.4 months and the median time to disease progression was 3.6 months. We were able to perform the PAM50 analysis on tumors from 7 of our subjects. All the samples tested clustered within the basal-like subtype. CONCLUSIONS In our experience the response rate of carboplatin, paclitaxel and panitumumab was consistent with other reports of response for cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic TNBC.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- CR, complete response
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor inhibitor
- FISH, Fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Hgb, hemoglobin
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- Mg/dl, milligram/deciliter
- Mg/kg, milligram/kilogram
- PD, progressive disease
- PR, partial response
- RECIST, response evaluation in sold tumors
- TNBC, triple negative breast cancer
- epidermal growth factor inhibitor
- g/dl, grams/deciliter
- metastatic breast cancer
- pacliataxel carboplatin
- triple negative breast cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cowherd
- a Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center ; Winston-Salem , NC USA
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Balakrishnan A, Vyas A, Deshpande K, Vyas D. Pharmacological cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors: Implications for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2159-2164. [PMID: 26900281 PMCID: PMC4734993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide. The need to develop more chemotherapeutic agents to combat this disease is critical. Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), along with its binding partner cyclins, serve to control the growth of cells through the cell cycle. A new class of drugs, termed CDK inhibitors, has been studied in preclinical and now clinical trials. These inhibitors are believed to act as an anti-cancer drug by blocking CDKs to block the uncontrolled cellular proliferation that is hallmark of cancers like colorectal cancer. CDK article provides overview of the emerging drug class of CDK inhibitors and provides a list of ones that are currently in clinical trials.
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Finn RS, Aleshin A, Slamon DJ. Targeting the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:17. [PMID: 26857361 PMCID: PMC4746893 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for women. Our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of the disease has significantly expanded over the past decade and the role of cell cycle signaling in both breast cancer oncogenesis and anti-estrogen resistance has gained increasing attention. The mammalian cell cycle is driven by a complex interplay between cyclins and their associated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partners, and dysregulation of this process is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this, initial results with broadly acting CDK inhibitors were largely disappointing. However, recent preclinical and phase I/II clinical studies using a novel, oral, reversible CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PD-0332991), have validated the role of CDK4/6 as a potential target in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. This review highlights our current understanding of CDK signaling in both normal and malignant breast tissues, with special attention placed on recent clinical advances in inhibition of CDK4/6 in ER+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Finn
- Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
| | - Alexey Aleshin
- Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Stanford School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Investigation of the Lipid Binding Properties of the Marburg Virus Matrix Protein VP40. J Virol 2015; 90:3074-85. [PMID: 26719280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02607-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Marburg virus (MARV), which belongs to the virus family Filoviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates that is often fatal. MARV is a lipid-enveloped virus that during the replication process extracts its lipid coat from the plasma membrane of the host cell it infects. MARV carries seven genes, one of which encodes its matrix protein VP40 (mVP40), which regulates the assembly and budding of the virions. Currently, little information is available on mVP40 lipid binding properties. Here, we have investigated the in vitro and cellular mechanisms by which mVP40 associates with lipid membranes. mVP40 associates with anionic membranes in a nonspecific manner that is dependent upon the anionic charge density of the membrane. These results are consistent with recent structural determination of mVP40, which elucidated an mVP40 dimer with a flat and extensive cationic lipid binding interface. IMPORTANCE Marburg virus (MARV) is a lipid-enveloped filamentous virus from the family Filoviridae. MARV was discovered in 1967, and yet little is known about how its seven genes are used to assemble and form a new viral particle in the host cell it infects. The MARV matrix protein VP40 (mVP40) underlies the inner leaflet of the virus and regulates budding from the host cell plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular assays in this study investigated the mechanism by which mVP40 associates with lipids. The results demonstrate that mVP40 interactions with lipid vesicles or the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane are electrostatic but nonspecific in nature and are dependent on the anionic charge density of the membrane surface. Small molecules that can disrupt lipid trafficking or reduce the anionic charge of the plasma membrane interface may be useful in inhibiting assembly and budding of MARV.
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Walerych D, Lisek K, Del Sal G. Mutant p53: One, No One, and One Hundred Thousand. Front Oncol 2015; 5:289. [PMID: 26734571 PMCID: PMC4685664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoded by the mutated variants of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, mutant p53 proteins are getting an increased experimental support as active oncoproteins promoting tumor growth and metastasis. p53 missense mutant proteins are losing their wild-type tumor suppressor activity and acquire oncogenic potential, possessing diverse transforming abilities in cell and mouse models. Whether various mutant p53s differ in their oncogenic potential has been a matter of debate. Recent discoveries are starting to uncover the existence of mutant p53 downstream programs that are common to different mutant p53 variants. In this review, we discuss a number of studies on mutant p53, underlining the advantages and disadvantages of alternative experimental approaches that have been used to describe the numerous mutant p53 gain-of-function activities. Therapeutic possibilities are also discussed, taking into account targeting either individual or multiple mutant p53 proteins in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano , Trieste , Italy
| | - Kamil Lisek
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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