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Rönnlund C, Sifakis EG, Schagerholm C, Yang Q, Karlsson E, Chen X, Foukakis T, Weidler J, Bates M, Fredriksson I, Robertson S, Hartman J. Prognostic impact of HER2 biomarker levels in trastuzumab-treated early HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:24. [PMID: 38321542 PMCID: PMC10848443 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) caused by HER2 gene amplification is a driver in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of manual scoring and digital image analysis (DIA) algorithm assessment of HER2 copy numbers and HER2/CEP17 ratios, along with ERBB2 mRNA levels among early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 371 early HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab, with HER2 re-testing performed on whole tumor sections. Digitized tumor tissue slides were manually scored and assessed with uPath HER2 Dual ISH image analysis, breast algorithm. Targeted ERBB2 mRNA levels were assessed by the Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 Assay. HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio from in situ hybridization assessment, along with ERBB2 mRNA levels, were explored in relation to recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS The analysis showed that patients with tumors with the highest and lowest manually counted HER2 copy number levels had worse RFS than those with intermediate levels (HR = 2.7, CI 1.4-5.3, p = 0.003 and HR = 2.1, CI 1.1-3.9, p = 0.03, respectively). A similar trend was observed for HER2/CEP17 ratio, and the DIA algorithm confirmed the results. Moreover, patients with tumors with the highest and the lowest values of ERBB2 mRNA had a significantly worse prognosis (HR = 2.7, CI 1.4-5.1, p = 0.003 and HR = 2.8, CI 1.4-5.5, p = 0.004, respectively) compared to those with intermediate levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the association between any of the three HER2 biomarkers and RFS was nonlinear. Patients with tumors with the highest levels of HER2 gene amplification or ERBB2 mRNA were associated with a worse prognosis than those with intermediate levels, which is of importance to investigate in future clinical trials studying HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rönnlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emmanouil G Sifakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Schagerholm
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karlsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jodi Weidler
- Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bates
- Medical and Scientific Affairs and Strategy, Oncology, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Irma Fredriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast-, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Robertson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 56, CCK R8:04, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medtechlabs, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nielsen K, Sode M, Jensen MB, Berg T, Knoop A, Ejlertsen B, Lænkholm AV. High inter-laboratory variability in the assessment of HER2-low breast cancer: a national registry study on 50,714 Danish patients. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:139. [PMID: 37946261 PMCID: PMC10636935 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the recent advancements in the treatment of breast cancer with low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), we aimed to examine inter-laboratory variability in the assessment of HER2-low breast cancer across all Danish pathology departments. METHODS From the Danish Breast Cancer Group, we obtained data on all women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in 2007-2019 who were subsequently assigned for curatively intended treatment. RESULTS Of 50,714 patients, HER2 score and status were recorded for 48,382, among whom 59.2% belonged to the HER2-low group (score 1+ or 2+ without gene amplification), 26.8% had a HER2 score of 0, and 14.0% were HER2 positive. The proportion of HER2-low cases ranged from 46.3 to 71.8% among pathology departments (P < 0.0001) and from 49.3 to 65.6% over the years (P < 0.0001). In comparison, HER2 positivity rates ranged from 11.8 to 17.2% among departments (P < 0.0001) and from 12.6 to 15.7% over the years (P = 0.005). In the eight departments with the highest number of patients, variability in HER2-low cases increased from 2011 to 2019, although the same immunohistochemical assay was used. By multivariable logistic regression, the examining department was significantly related to both HER2 score 0 and HER2 positivity (P < 0.0001) but showed greater dispersion in odds ratios in the former case (range 0.25-1.41 vs. 0.84-1.27). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed high inter-laboratory variability in the assessment of HER2-low breast cancer. The findings cast doubt on whether the current test method for HER2 is robust and reliable enough to select HER2-low patients for HER2-targeted treatment in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kåre Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 9, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
- University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael Sode
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 9, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, DBCG, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Berg
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, DBCG, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Knoop
- University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, DBCG, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 9, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Snoek JAA, Nagtegaal ID, Siesling S, van den Broek E, van Slooten HJ, Hugen N. The impact of standardized structured reporting of pathology reports for breast cancer care. Breast 2022; 66:178-182. [PMID: 36308925 PMCID: PMC9619179 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With the increasing complexity of modern oncological patient management and the growing amount of information needed from the pathologist, traditional narrative pathology reports (NR) do not suffice. Standardized synoptic reporting (SR) increases both completeness and readability. In the Netherlands SR for breast cancer was introduced in 2009. We explore the impact of synoptic reporting on breast cancer care. METHODS Using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank, a retrospective population-based cohort study was performed. Data of breast cancer resections from 2007 to 2014 were collected to compare NR and SR for all outcome measures. Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank testing were used to estimate overall survival. RESULTS Over time there was an increase from 12% to 78.9% in the use of SR. SR resulted in higher completeness of pathology reports, particularly for hormone and HER2/neu receptor status. Although there was no difference in the administration of antihormonal therapy, anti-HER2 treatment was more frequently administered to eligible patients in the SR group. An effect on overall survival could not yet be confirmed on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that SR has led to more complete pathology reports, which meets the needs for precision of information in breast cancer care. This is expected to improve communication and discussions between specialists regarding parameters important for adjuvant breast cancer treatment decisions. SR thereby improves breast cancer care and leads to improved allocation of treatment based on pathologic parameters and more personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A A Snoek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I D Nagtegaal
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Siesling
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - N Hugen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Peter E, Treilleux I, Wucher V, Jougla E, Vogrig A, Pissaloux D, Paindavoine S, Berthet J, Picard G, Rogemond V, Villard M, Vincent C, Tonon L, Viari A, Honnorat J, Dubois B, Desestret V. Immune and Genetic Signatures of Breast Carcinomas Triggering Anti-Yo-Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:e200015. [PMID: 35821104 PMCID: PMC9278124 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) with anti-Yo antibodies is a cancer-related autoimmune disease directed against neural antigens expressed by tumor cells. A putative trigger of the immune tolerance breakdown is genetic alteration of Yo antigens. We aimed to identify the tumors' genetic and immune specificities involved in Yo-PCD pathogenesis. METHODS Using clinicopathologic data, immunofluorescence (IF) imaging, and whole-transcriptome analysis, 22 breast cancers (BCs) associated with Yo-PCD were characterized in terms of oncologic characteristics, genetic alteration of Yo antigens, differential gene expression profiles, and morphofunctional specificities of their in situ antitumor immunity by comparing them with matched control BCs. RESULTS Yo-PCD BCs were invasive carcinoma of no special type, which early metastasized to lymph nodes. They overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but were hormone receptor negative. All Yo-PCD BCs carried at least 1 genetic alteration (variation or gain in copy number) on CDR2L, encoding the main Yo antigen that was found aberrantly overexpressed in Yo-PCD BCs. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes found 615 upregulated and 54 downregulated genes in Yo-PCD BCs compared with HER2-driven control BCs without PCD. Ontology enrichment analysis found significantly upregulated adaptive immune response pathways in Yo-PCD BCs. IF imaging confirmed an intense immune infiltration with an overwhelming predominance of immunoglobulin G-plasma cells. DISCUSSION These data confirm the role of genetic alterations of Yo antigens in triggering the immune tolerance breakdown but also outline a specific biomolecular profile in Yo-PCD BCs, suggesting a cancer-specific pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Peter
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Valentin Wucher
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Emma Jougla
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Alberto Vogrig
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Sandrine Paindavoine
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Justine Berthet
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Géraldine Picard
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Véronique Rogemond
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Marine Villard
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Clémentine Vincent
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Alain Viari
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Bertrand Dubois
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France
| | - Virginie Desestret
- From the Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies (SynatAc) Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène-MeLiS, INSERM U1314/CNRS UMR 5284, Université de Lyon; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard; INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; Cancer Genomics Platform, Department of Translational Research, Centre Leon Berard; Synergie Lyon Cancer- Bioinformatics Platform-Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; and Laboratoire d'Immunothérapie des Cancers de Lyon (LICL), France.
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Rakha EA, Chmielik E, Schmitt FC, Tan PH, Quinn CM, Gallagy G. Assessment of Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Updates. Pathobiology 2022; 89:263-277. [PMID: 35728576 DOI: 10.1159/000525092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with breast cancer (BC) relies on the assessment of a defined set of well-established prognostic and predictive markers. Despite overlap, prognostic markers are used to assess the risk of recurrence and the likely benefit of systemic therapy, whereas predictive markers are used to determine the type of systemic therapy to be offered to an individual patient. In this review, we provide an update and present some challenges in the assessment of the main BC-specific molecular predictive markers, namely hormone receptors (oestrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and KI67. As the main platform for assessing these markers in BC is immunohistochemistry (IHC), we address the cut-off values used to define positivity, the ER-low subgroup, the existence and significance of the ER-/PR+ phenotype, the use of PR in routine practice, and the role of hormone receptors in ductal carcinoma in situ. We discuss the newly introduced HER2-low class of BC and the clinical/biological difference between different HER2 groups (e.g., HER2 IHC score 3+ BCs vs. those with a HER2 IHC score 2+ with HER2 gene amplification). The review concludes with an update on the applications of KI67 assessment in BC and observations on the role of immune checkpoint identification in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,RISE (Health Research Network) @ CINTESIS (Center for Health Technology and Services Research), Porto, Portugal
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, BreastCheck, Irish National Breast Screening Programme and St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin and University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Gallagy
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Patel H, Raghuram A, McClure KE, Alcon A, DeStefano L, Srinivasa DR. A Comprehensive Analysis of Breast Malignancies in Transgender Patients: A Systematic Review of Breast Cancer Incidence and Pathology with Provider Survey Results on Long-Term Screening. Transgend Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- Department of Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kelsey E. McClure
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andre Alcon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lauren DeStefano
- Department of Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dhivya R. Srinivasa
- Department of Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Kareva I, Brown JS. Estrogen as an Essential Resource and the Coexistence of ER+ and ER– Cancer Cells. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.673082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of estrogen sensitivity in breast cancer is largely predicated on the ratio of ER+ and ER– cancer cells obtained from biopsies. Estrogen is a growth factor necessary for cell survival and division. It can also be thought of as an essential resource that can act in association with other nutrients, glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, amino acids, etc. All of these nutrients, collectively or individually, may limit the growth of the cancer cells (Liebig’s Law of the Minimum). Here we model estrogen susceptibility in breast cancer as a consumer-resource interaction: ER+ cells require both estrogen and glucose as essential resources, whereas ER– only require the general resource. The model predicts that when estrogen is the limiting factor, other nutrients may go unconsumed and available at higher levels, thus permitting the invasion of ER– cells. Conversely, when ER– cells are less efficient on glucose than ER+ cells, then ER– cells limited by glucose may be susceptible to invasion by ER+ cells, provided that sufficient levels of estrogen are available. ER+ cells will outcompete ER– cells when estrogen is abundant, resulting in low concentrations of interstitial glucose within the tumor. In the absence of estrogen, ER– cells will outcompete ER+ cells, leaving a higher concentration of interstitial glucose. At intermediate delivery rates of estrogen and glucose, ER+ and ER– cells are predicted to coexist. In modeling the dynamics of cells in the same tumor with different resource requirements, we can apply concepts and terms familiar to many ecologists. These include: resource supply points, R∗, ZNGI (zero net growth isoclines), resource depletion, and resource uptake rates. Based on the circumstances favoring ER+ vs. ER– breast cancer, we use the model to explore the consequences of therapeutic regimens that may include hormonal therapies, possible roles of diet in changing cancer cell composition, and potential for evolutionarily informed therapies. More generally, the model invites the viewpoint that cancer’s eco-evolutionary dynamics are a consumer-resource interaction, and that other growth factors such as EGFR or androgens may be best viewed as essential resources within these dynamics.
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8
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Koomen BM, Voorham QJM, Epskamp-Kuijpers CCHJ, van Dooijeweert C, van Lindert ASR, Deckers IAG, Willems SM. Considerable interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity in a nationwide cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2021; 159:117-126. [PMID: 34332333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is used as a predictive biomarker for prescription of immunotherapy to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Accurate assessment of PD-L1 expression is therefore crucial. In this study, the extent of interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity in the Netherlands was assessed, using real-world clinical pathology data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on all NSCLC patients in the Netherlands with a mention of PD-L1 testing in their pathology report from July 2017 to December 2018 were extracted from PALGA, the nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in the Netherlands. PD-L1 positivity rates were determined for each laboratory that performed PD-L1 testing, with separate analyses for histological and cytological material. Two cutoffs (1% and 50%) were used to determine PD-L1 positivity. Differences between laboratories were assessed using funnel plots with 95% confidence limits around the overall mean. RESULTS 6,354 patients from 30 laboratories were included in the analysis of histology data. At the 1% cutoff, maximum interlaboratory variation was 39.1% (32.7%-71.8%) and ten laboratories (33.3%) differed significantly from the mean. Using the 50% cutoff, four laboratories (13.3%) differed significantly from the mean and maximum variation was 23.1% (17.2%-40.3%). In the analysis of cytology data, 1,868 patients from 23 laboratories were included. Eight laboratories (34.8%) differed significantly from the mean in the analyses of both cutoffs. Maximum variation was 41.2% (32.2%-73.4%) and 29.2% (14.7%-43.9%) using the 1% and 50% cutoffs, respectively. CONCLUSION Considerable interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity was observed. Variation was largest using the 1% cutoff. At the 50% cutoff, analysis of cytology data demonstrated a higher degree of variation than the analysis of histology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje M Koomen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Chantal C H J Epskamp-Kuijpers
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; PALGA Foundation, De Bouw 123, 3991 SZ, Houten, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen van Dooijeweert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne S R van Lindert
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Acs B, Fredriksson I, Rönnlund C, Hagerling C, Ehinger A, Kovács A, Røge R, Bergh J, Hartman J. Variability in Breast Cancer Biomarker Assessment and the Effect on Oncological Treatment Decisions: A Nationwide 5-Year Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1166. [PMID: 33803148 PMCID: PMC7963154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki67, and grade scores among the pathology departments in Sweden. We investigated how ER and HER2 positivity rates affect the distribution of endocrine and HER2-targeted treatments among oncology departments. All breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 in Sweden were identified in the National Quality Register for Breast Cancer. Cases with data on ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, grade, and treatment were selected (43,261 cases from 29 departments following the guidelines for biomarker testing). The ER positivity rates ranged from 84.2% to 97.6% with 6/29 labs out of the overall confidence intervals (CIs), while PR rates varied between 64.8% and 86.6% with 7/29 labs out of the CIs. HER2 positivity rates ranged from 9.4% to 16.3%, with 3/29 labs out of the overall CIs. Median Ki67 varied between 15% and 30%, where 19/29 labs showed significant intra-laboratory variability. The proportion of grade-II cases varied between 42.9% and 57.1%, and 13/29 labs were outside of the CI. Adjusting for patient characteristics, the proportion of endocrine and anti-HER2 treatments followed the rate of ER and HER2 positivity, illustrating the clinical effect of inter- and intra-laboratory variability. There was limited variability among departments in ER, PR, and HER2 testing. However, even a few outlier pathology labs affected endocrine and HER2-targeted treatment rates in a clinically relevant proportion, suggesting the need for improvement. High variability was found in grading and Ki67 assessment, illustrating the need for the adoption of new technologies in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Acs
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irma Fredriksson
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Rönnlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; (C.H.); (A.E.)
| | - Anna Ehinger
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; (C.H.); (A.E.)
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Rasmus Røge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- NordiQC, Institute of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.R.); (J.B.)
- Breast Center, Cancer Theme, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gävlegatan 55, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.A.); (C.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Senescence Marker Protein 30 (SMP30): A Novel Pan-Species Diagnostic Marker for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052340. [PMID: 33652881 PMCID: PMC7956281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cell survival factor playing an important role in vitamin C synthesis and antiapoptosis. Moreover, its cytoprotective role suggests a possibility to be related to cancer cell survival. Mammary carcinoma is a common cancer in both humans and animals. Because of its histopathological diversity, especially in the early stage, histopathological diagnosis may be complicated; therefore, a diagnostic marker is helpful for confirmation. The present study analyzed the expression pattern of SMP30 in mammary carcinoma in humans, dogs, and cats. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to investigate SMP30 expression patterns. The expression was specifically observed in neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. The expression increased with the malignancy of glandular epithelial cells with a highly proliferative status. However, SMP30 expression was low in normal mammary gland tissues or well-differentiated adenoma tissues. The patterns were consistently reproduced in canine primary mammary carcinoma cells and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human carcinoma cell lines. This study provides useful information to understand SMP30 expression in various stages of mammary carcinoma and to suggest its utility as a pan-species diagnostic marker, thereby helping to establish strategies for diagnosing mammary carcinoma in several species.
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11
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Cardoso F, MacNeill F, Penault-Llorca F, Eniu A, Sardanelli F, Nordström EB, Poortmans P. Why is appropriate healthcare inaccessible for many European breast cancer patients? - The EBCC 12 manifesto. Breast 2021; 55:128-135. [PMID: 33461060 PMCID: PMC7817501 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, inappropriate reimbursement and funding rules and regulations act as disincentives to best breast cancer care or, at worst, hinder best care. This problem was the focus of the 12th European Breast Cancer Conference (EBCC) manifesto, discussed during the virtual conference. As patient involvement is indispensable in driving changes to clinical practice, Europa Donna the European patient advocacy group was closely involved in the 12th manifesto. Reimbursement policies have rarely evolved with advances in breast cancer care such as outpatient (ambulatory) care rather than inpatient admission, use of oral or subcutaneous anti-cancer drugs rather than day-hospital intravenous administration, oncoplastic surgery techniques to minimize mastectomy rates, breast reconstructive surgery, risk-reducing surgery for BRCA mutation carriers, or use of hypo-fractionated breast radiation therapy. Although each European country, region and centre will have to understand how their reimbursement policies may hinder best care and find their own solutions, the problems are similar throughout Europe and some solutions can be broadly applied. This manifesto is not calling for more funding or demanding changes that will result in more expensive care. Reimbursement, if better aligned with guidelines and optimal clinical practice, will deliver more cost-effective healthcare. This will release resources, support more equitable use of finite funding and resources, so allowing more European breast cancer patients to benefit from evidence-based treatment recommended by national and international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre/ Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Fiona MacNeill
- Royal Marsden Hospital London, Division of Breast Surgery (UEMS), UK.
| | | | - Alexandru Eniu
- Cancer Institute Ion Chiricuta, Department of Breast Tumors, Day Hospital Unit, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Hopital Riviera-Chablais, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Department of Radiology, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Philip Poortmans
- Iridium Kankernetwerk and University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Ilieș M, Uifălean A, Pașca S, Dhople VM, Lalk M, Iuga CA, Hammer E. From Proteomics to Personalized Medicine: The Importance of Isoflavone Dose and Estrogen Receptor Status in Breast Cancer Cells. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E292. [PMID: 33352803 PMCID: PMC7766658 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuing efforts are directed towards finding alternative breast cancer chemotherapeutics, with improved safety and efficacy profiles. Soy isoflavones represent promising agents but, despite extensive research, limited information exists regarding their impact on the breast cancer cell proteome. The purpose of this study was to compare the proteomic profiles of MCF-7 (estrogen responsive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen non-responsive) breast cancer cells exposed to different concentrations of genistein, daidzein, and a soy seed extract, using a high throughput LC-UDMSE protein profiling approach. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed the dual activity of soy isoflavones on MCF-7 cells and the inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Proteome profiling of paramagnetic beads prepared peptides by nano-LC UDMSE and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that isoflavones affected distinct molecular pathways in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, such as tyrosine kinases signaling pathway, cytoskeleton organization, lipid and phospholipid catabolism, extracellular matrix degradation and mRNA splicing. Also, in MCF-7 cells, low and high isoflavone doses induced different changes of the proteome, including cell cycle alterations. Therefore, the expression of estrogen receptors and the isoflavone dose are determinant factors for the molecular impact of isoflavones and must be taken into account when considering adjuvant breast cancer therapy towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ilieș
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, no. 4–6 Louis Pasteur st., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.I.); (S.P.); (C.A.I.)
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pașca
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, no. 4–6 Louis Pasteur st., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.I.); (S.P.); (C.A.I.)
- Department of Hematology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vishnu Mukund Dhople
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.M.D.); (E.H.)
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, no. 4–6 Louis Pasteur st., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.I.); (S.P.); (C.A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (V.M.D.); (E.H.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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van Dooijeweert C, van Diest PJ, Baas IO, van der Wall E, Deckers IA. Variation in breast cancer grading: the effect of creating awareness through laboratory-specific and pathologist-specific feedback reports in 16 734 patients with breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:793-799. [PMID: 32276993 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Histological grade is widely used to guide the management of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Yet, substantial interlaboratory and intralaboratory grading variations exist in daily pathology practice. To create awareness and to facilitate quality improvement, feedback reports, containing case-mix-adjusted laboratory-specific grades benchmarked against other laboratories, were sent to the individual laboratories by 1 March 2018. We studied the effect of these feedback reports on interlaboratory grading variation up till 1 year later. METHODS Overall, 17 102 synoptic pathology reports of IBC resection specimens from 33 laboratories, obtained between 1 March 2017 and 1 March 2019 were retrieved from the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). An overall deviation score (ODS), representing the sum of deviations from the grade-specific overall proportions, was calculated to compare the absolute deviation for all grades at once. Case-mix correction was performed by two multivariable logistic regression analyses, providing laboratory-specific ORs for high-grade versus low-grade IBC. RESULTS After feedback, the overall range between laboratories decreased by 3.8%, 6.4% and 6.6% for grades I, II and III, respectively. Though the mean ODS remained similar (13.8% vs 13.7%), the maximum ODS decreased from 34.1% to 29.4%. The range of laboratory-specific ORs decreased by 21.9% for grade III versus grades I-II. CONCLUSIONS An encouraging decrease in grading variation of IBC was observed after laboratory-specific feedback. Nevertheless, the overall grading variation remains substantial. In view of the important role of grading in patient management, it is adamant that not only feedback should be provided on a regular basis but also other interventions, such as additional training, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge O Baas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivette A Deckers
- Foundation PALGA (the nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology in the Netherlands), Houten, The Netherlands
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14
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Guo R, Si J, Xue J, Su Y, Mo M, Yang B, Zhang Q, Chi W, Chi Y, Wu J. Changing patterns and survival improvements of young breast cancer in China and SEER database, 1999 -2017. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:653-662. [PMID: 31564808 PMCID: PMC6736653 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer in young females was usually considered more aggressive and requires aggressive therapy. We investigated whether early detection and improved treatments changed the patterns of characteristics, management and outcomes of young breast cancer patients over time. Methods Females under 40 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer during the periods 1999−2017 and 1999−2015 were identified in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, respectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment information were collected. Patients diagnosed before 2013 were followed up. Results The proportions of young breast cancer patients were 15.0% and 5.3% in the FUSCC and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the FUSCC cohort, there was a significant increase in the proportion of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (from 8.8% to 16.9%; P<0.0001) and it remained stable in SEER cohort. The proportion of T1-stage tumors increased dramatically in the FUSCC cohort (from 35.3% to 41.9%; P=0.008), whereas it decreased in SEER cohort (from 42.4% to 33.0%; P<0.0001). The percentage of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers was consistently increased in both the invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and DCIS patients in the two cohorts. Breast-conserving surgery and immediate implant reconstruction after mastectomy both exhibited increased use over time in the FUSCC cohort. Both the FUSCC and SEER cohorts showed a significantly better prognosis in the recent time period.
Conclusions With the increased early-stage and ER-positive diseases in young patients as well as better systemic treatment strategies, improved survival has been observed in recent years. There has been a substantial de-escalation in surgical therapies in young breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yonghui Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Cancer Prevention, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Benlong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiru Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yayun Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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de Blok CJM, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, van Engelen K, Adank MA, Dreijerink KMA, Barbé E, Konings IRHM, den Heijer M. Breast cancer risk in transgender people receiving hormone treatment: nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands. BMJ 2019; 365:l1652. [PMID: 31088823 PMCID: PMC6515308 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and characteristics of breast cancer in transgender people in the Netherlands compared with the general Dutch population. DESIGN Retrospective, nationwide cohort study. SETTING Specialised tertiary gender clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 2260 adult trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) and 1229 adult trans men (female sex assigned at birth, male gender identity) who received gender affirming hormone treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and characteristics (eg, histology, hormone receptor status) of breast cancer in transgender people. RESULTS The total person time in this cohort was 33 991 years for trans women and 14 883 years for trans men. In the 2260 trans women in the cohort, 15 cases of invasive breast cancer were identified (median duration of hormone treatment 18 years, range 7-37 years). This was 46-fold higher than in cisgender men (standardised incidence ratio 46.7, 95% confidence interval 27.2 to 75.4) but lower than in cisgender women (0.3, 0.2 to 0.4). Most tumours were of ductal origin and oestrogen and progesterone receptor positive, and 8.3% were human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive. In 1229 trans men, four cases of invasive breast cancer were identified (median duration of hormone treatment 15 years, range 2-17 years). This was lower than expected compared with cisgender women (standardised incidence ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 0.5). CONCLUSIONS This study showed an increased risk of breast cancer in trans women compared with cisgender men, and a lower risk in trans men compared with cisgender women. In trans women, the risk of breast cancer increased during a relatively short duration of hormone treatment and the characteristics of the breast cancer resembled a more female pattern. These results suggest that breast cancer screening guidelines for cisgender people are sufficient for transgender people using hormone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel J M de Blok
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal M Wiepjes
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke M Nota
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellis Barbé
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge R H M Konings
- Department of Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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