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Darvishi N, Salari N, Bokaee S, Shohaimi S, Mohammadi M. The Effect of IL-6 174G > C Gene Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:411-422. [PMID: 37324283 PMCID: PMC10267097 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 gene polymorphisms can play a role in the development or control of cancer by affecting cytokines. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancers based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. In this study, a systematic and meta-analytical review of the study data on the effect of polymorphism of IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancer (gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer) in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct Databases was extracted without any time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of eligible studies, the model of random effects was used and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated with I2 index. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). The total number of surveyed studies in patients with colorectal cancer was 22 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88. The odds ratio of GC genotype obtained in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88 and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.92. The total number of surveyed studies in patients with gastric cancer was 12. Based on the meta-analysis results, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.74, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 1.27, and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.78. The total number of surveyed studies in esophageal cancer patients was 3 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.57, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.44, and the odds ratio of chance of CC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.99. In general, different genotypes of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene reduce the risk of gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. However, the GC genotype of this gene was associated with a 27% increased risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Darvishi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shadi Bokaee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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Yang M, Ji W, Xu N, zong C, Gu J, Guo X, Zhang L. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: A systematic meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32575. [PMID: 36607855 PMCID: PMC9829264 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, the results are controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether the Cdx-2, Tru9I, FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI polymorphisms were correlated with CRC susceptibility. METHODS All potential studies were retrieved by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases through October 2, 2021. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the correlation between VDR gene Cdx-2, Tru9I, FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI polymorphisms and CRC risk. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, the BsmI variant was significantly correlated with a lower risk of CRC, especially in Caucasian population (B vs b: OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.90-0.99; BB vs bb: OR 0.88; 95%CI 0.79-0.97; BB vs Bb/bb: BB vs Bb/bb: OR 0.89; 95%CI 0.81-0.98). A statistically significant result from the FokI polymorphism was observed in colon cancer rather than rectal cancer (Ff vs FF: OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.84-0.93; ff/Ff vs FF: OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.79-0.98; ff vs Ff/FF: OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.82-0.99). Similarly, Cdx-2 polymorphism was found to be associated with decreased CRC risk among Africans (C vs c: OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.33-0.75; CC vs cc: OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.01-0.77; Cc vs cc: OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.30-0.81; CC/Cc vs cc: OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.28-0.74,). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that VDR polymorphisms are significantly associated with CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoquan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wansheng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chuanju zong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinhua Gu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China. e-mail:
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Badshah Y, Shabbir M, Khan K, Fatima M, Majoka I, Aslam L, Munawar H. Manipulation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1(TGFβ-1) towards viral induced liver cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275834. [PMID: 36215278 PMCID: PMC9550071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy. Early diagnosis of HCC has always been challenging. This study aims to assess the pathogenicity and the prevalence of IL-6 -174G/C (rs1800795) and TGFβ-1 +29C/T (rs1800470) polymorphisms in HCV-infected HCC patients. Experimental strategies are integrated with computational approaches to analyse the pathogenicity of the TGFβ-1 +29C/T and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms in HCV-induced HCC. AliBaba2 was used to predict the effect of IL-6-174 G/C on transcription factor binding site in IL-6 gene. Structural changes in the mutant TGFβ-1 structure were determined through project HOPE. To assess the polymorphic prevalence of IL-6 -174G/C and TGFβ-1 +29C/T genotypes in HCC and control subjects, amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) was performed on 213 HCC and 216 control samples. GraphPad Prism version 8.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the results. In-silico analysis revealed the regulatory nature of both IL-6 -174G/C and TGFβ-1 +29C/T polymorphisms. ARMS-PCR results revealed that the individuals carrying TT genotype for TGFβ-1 gene have an increased risk of developing HCC (p<0.0001, OR = 5.403, RR = 2.062) as compared to individuals with CT and CC genotype. Similarly, GC genotype carriers for IL-6 gene exhibit an increased risk of HCC susceptibility (p<0.0001, OR = 2.276, RR = 1.512) as compared to the people carrying the GG genotype. Genotype TT of TGFβ-1 gene and genotype GC of IL-6 gene are found to be associated with HCV-induced HCC. IL-6 polymorphism may alter its transcription that leads to its pathogenicity. TGFβ-1 polymorphism may alter protein structure stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maha Fatima
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Majoka
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Aslam
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huda Munawar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Polk N, Budai B, Hitre E, Patócs A, Mersich T. High Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) Are Markers of Longer Survival After Metastasectomy of Patients With Liver-Only Metastasis of Rectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610315. [PMID: 35570841 PMCID: PMC9091167 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The literature data regarding colon cancer patients with liver-only metastases (CLM) show that NLR determined before metastasectomy is a prognostic marker of shorter relapse-free survival (RFS), but no results has been reported to date for rectal cancer patients with liver-only metastases (RLM). This study aimed to investigate the NLR and SII in CLM and RLM. Methods: Relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 67 CLM and 103 RLM patients with a median follow-up of 46.5 and 59.8 months, respectively. Pre- and/or postoperative chemotherapy ± targeted treatment was applied in 96% and 87% of CLM and RLM patients, respectively. The cut-off level for hematologic parameters were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Univariate analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. For multivariate analysis Cox regression was applied. Results: In univariate analysis low NLR (cut-off 2) and SII (535) were predictors of longer RFS in case of CLM (p < 0.01). In contrast, for RLM high NLR (2.42) and SII (792) were predictors of longer RFS (p < 0.001). For RLM both NLR and SII proved to be independent markers of RFS (HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.52–0.84) and 0.73 (0.57–0.91), respectively) and OS (0.76 (0.58–0.99) and 0.66 (0.5–0.87), respectively). Only NLR (1.44 (1.04–1.99)) was independent marker of RFS for CLM. The preoperative treatment has not influenced the role of NLR or SII. Conclusion: In contrast to CLM, in RLM the high NLR or SII determined before metastasectomy proved to be independent prognostic factors of longer RFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nándor Polk
- Departmet of Visceral Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Budai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Hitre
- Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology "B" Department, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Clinical Central Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mersich
- Departmet of Visceral Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Keane S, Herring M, Rolny P, Wettergren Y, Ejeskär K. Inflammation suppresses DLG2 expression decreasing inflammasome formation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2295-2311. [PMID: 35499706 PMCID: PMC9349146 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Loss of expression of DLG2 has been identified in a number of cancers to contribute to the disease by resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation and poor survival. In light of the previous evidence that DLG2 alters the cell cycle and affects proliferation, combined with indications that DLG2 is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome axis we speculated that DLG2 has an immune function. So far, there is no data that clearly elucidates this role, and this study was designed to investigate DLG2 in inflammatory colon disease and in colon cancer as well as its impact on inflammasome induction. Methods The DLG2 expression levels were established in publicly available inflammation, colon cancer and mouse model datasets. The overexpression and silencing of DLG2 in colon cancer cells were used to determine the effect of DLG2 expression on the activation of the inflammasome and subsequent cytokine release. Results The expression of DLG2 is repressed in inflammatory colon diseases IBD and Ulcerative colitis as well as colorectal cancer tissue compared to healthy individuals. We subsequently show that induction with inflammatory agents in cell and animal models results in a biphasic alteration of DLG2 with an initial increase followed by an ensuing decrease. DLG2 overexpression leads to a significant increase in expression of IL1B, IκBζ and BAX, components that result in inflammasome formation. DLG2 silencing in THP1 cells resulted in increased release of IL-6 into the microenvironment which once used to treat bystander COLO205 cells resulted in an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and an increase proliferating cells and more cells in the G2/M phase. Restoration of DLG2 to the colon resulted in reduced AKT and S6 signaling. Conclusion DLG2 expression is altered in response to inflammation in the gut as well as colon cancer, resulting in altered ability to form inflammasomes. Trial registration NCT03072641. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04029-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keane
- School of Health Science, DHEAR, Translational Medicine, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Matthew Herring
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Peter Rolny
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Wettergren
- Department of Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SU/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- School of Health Science, DHEAR, Translational Medicine, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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Almolakab ZM, El-Nesr KA, Mohamad Hassanin EH, Elkaffas R, Nabil A. Gene polymorphisms of Interleukin 6 (−174 G/C) and transforming growth factor β-1(+915 G/C) in ovarian cancer patients. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the study on hand, we investigated the effect of IL-6 (−174 G/C; rs 1800795) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C; rs 1800471) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer and their effect on plasma levels. IL-6 (−174 G/C) SNP was analyzed using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) while TGF-β1 +915G/C (codon 25) SNP was investigated by the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels in 48 ovarian cancer patients and 48 normal controls.
Results
Regarding IL 6 (−174 G/C), a significant increase in CC and GC+CC genotypes parallel with the C allele was considered as risk factors for ovarian cancer; on the other hand, the G allele was considered as a protective factor for ovarian cancer. TGF-β1 (+915G/C) investigations showed a significant elevation in GC and GC+CC genotypes which can be considered as a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Plasma IL-6 and TGF-β1 were higher in ovarian cancer patients compared with controls. No specific genotype or allele could be responsible for the elevation of TGF-β1 in ovarian cancer patients’ plasma, while the highest significant value for IL6 in subjects carrying GG and CC genotypes in comparison with GC genotype.
Conclusions
This study supports an association of IL6 (−174G/C) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to ovarian cancer.
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Data Mining, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking Explore the Effects of Core Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions in Patients with Rectal Cancer and Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1353674. [PMID: 34394377 PMCID: PMC8360715 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1353674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background “Zheng” (syndrome) is the basic unit and the basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. In clinical practice, we have been able to improve the survival time and quality of life for patients with rectal cancer through the treatment of “FuZhengXiaoJi” (strengthening the Qi and reducing accumulation). Purpose In this study, we elucidated the core prescriptions for patients with rectal cancer and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome, and we explored the potential mechanisms of the prescriptions using an integrated strategy that coupled data mining with network pharmacology. Methods A Bron–Kerbosch (BK) algorithm was applied to find the core prescriptions. The active ingredients, targets, activated signaling pathways, and biological functions of core prescriptions were analyzed using network pharmacology and directly associated proteins were docked using molecular docking technology to elucidate the multicomponent, multitarget, and inter-related components associated with TCM systematically. Results Data mining identified 3 core prescriptions, and most of the herbs consisted of “FuZhengXiaoJi” Fang. Network pharmacology identified 15 high-degree active ingredients among the 3 core prescriptions and 16 high-degree hub genes linked with both rectal cancer and the 3 core prescriptions. Additional Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of these 16 targets showed that the most significant pathways were MAPK, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. From the 16 genes, TGFB1, IL1B, IL10, IL6, PTGS2, and PPARG closely interacted with the tumor microenvironment, and PPARG, MYC, and ERBB2 were closely linked to survival. In molecular docking, quercetin, kaempferol, and lauric acid showed good binding energy to each target. Conclusion Data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking may help identify core prescriptions, high-degree ingredients, and high-degree hub genes to apply to diseases and treatments. Furthermore, these studies may help discover hub genes that affect the tumor microenvironment and survival. The combination of these tools may help elucidate the relationship between herbs acting on “Zheng” (syndrome) and diseases, thus expanding the understanding of TCM mechanisms.
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Chen Z, Shen Z, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Xu L, Zhang L. RNA-Associated Co-expression Network Identifies Novel Biomarkers for Digestive System Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:659788. [PMID: 33841514 PMCID: PMC8033200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.659788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the digestive system are malignant diseases. Our study focused on colon cancer, esophageal cancer (ESCC), rectal cancer, gastric cancer (GC), and rectosigmoid junction cancer to identify possible biomarkers for these diseases. The transcriptome data were downloaded from the TCGA database (The Cancer Genome Atlas Program), and a network was constructed using the WGCNA algorithm. Two significant modules were found, and coexpression networks were constructed. CytoHubba was used to identify hub genes of the two networks. GO analysis suggested that the network genes were involved in metabolic processes, biological regulation, and membrane and protein binding. KEGG analysis indicated that the significant pathways were the calcium signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, and pathways in cancer and insulin resistance. Some of the most significant hub genes were hsa-let-7b-3p, hsa-miR-378a-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-382-5p, and hsa-miR-29b-2-5p and SECISBP2 L, NCOA1, HERC1, HIPK3, and MBNL1, respectively. These genes were predicted to be associated with the tumor prognostic reference for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijie Shen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
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Harun-Or-Roshid M, Ali MB, Mollah MNH. Statistical meta-analysis to investigate the association between the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247055. [PMID: 33684135 PMCID: PMC7939379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A good number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including meta-analyses, reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-6 gene are significantly associated with various types of cancer risks, though some other studies reported insignificant association with cancers, in the literature. These contradictory results may be due to variations in sample sizes and/or deficiency of statistical modeling. Therefore, an attempt is made to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the association between the IL-6 gene SNPs (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797) and different cancer risks, giving the weight on a large sample size, including different cancer types and appropriate statistical modeling with the meta-dataset. In order to attain a more reliable consensus decision about the association between the IL-6 gene polymorphisms and different cancer risks, in this study, we performed a multi-case statistical meta-analysis based on the collected information of 118 GWAS studies comprising of 50053 cases and 65204 control samples. Results from this Meta-analysis indicated a significant association (p-value < 0.05) of the IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism with an overall increased cancer risk. The subgroup analysis data based on cancer types exhibited significant association (p-value < 0.05) of the rs1800795 polymorphism with an overall increased risk of cervical, liver and prostate cancers; the rs1800796 polymorphism with lung, prostate and stomach cancers; and the rs1800797 polymorphism with cervical cancer. The subgroup analysis of ethnicity data showed a significant association (p-value < 0.05) of an overall cancer risk with the rs1800795 polymorphism for the African and Asian populations, the rs1800796 polymorphism for the Asian only and the rs1800797 polymorphism in the African population. Comparative discussion showed that our multi-case meta-analyses received more support than any previously reported individual meta-analysis about the association between the IL-6 gene polymorphisms and cancer risks. Results from this study, more confidently showed that the IL-6 gene SNPs (rs1800795, rs1800796 and rs1800797) in humans are associated with increased cancer risks. Therefore, these three polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene have the potential to be evaluated as a population based rapid, low-cost PCR prognostic biomarkers for different types of cancers diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Harun-Or-Roshid
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Borqat Ali
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (MNHM); (J)
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Abstract
Increasing scientific evidence supports the link between vitamin D and cancer risk. The active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D exerts its activity by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an intracellular receptor that mediates transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. The binding of 1,25(OH)2D to VDR is able to regulate hundreds of different genes. VDR is active in virtually all tissues including the colon, breast, lung, ovary, bone, kidney, parathyroid gland, pancreatic b-cells, monocytes, T lymphocytes, melanocytes, keratinocytes, and also cancer cells.The relevance of VDR gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies.We have carried out a systematic review of the literature to analyze the relevance of more VDR polymorphisms (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, and Cdx2) for individual malignancies considering ethnicity as a key factor for heterogeneity.Up to December 2018, we identified 176 independent studies with data to assess the risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, skin (melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer), lung, ovarian, kidney, bladder, gallbladder, esophageal, thyroid, head and neck, liver and pancreatic cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and sarcoma.Significant associations with VDR polymorphisms have been reported for prostate (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, Cdx2), breast (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, CdX2), colorectal (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1), and skin cancer (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1). Very few studies reported risk estimates for the other cancer sites.Conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies, and at present, it is still not possible to make any definitive statements about the importance of the VDR genotype for cancer risk. It seems probable that other factors such as ethnicity, phenotype, 25(OH)D plasma levels, and UV radiation exposure play a role as confounding factors and introduce heterogeneity.To conclude, there is some indication that VDR polymorphisms may modulate the risk of some cancer sites and in future studies VDR genetic variation should be integrated also with assessment of vitamin D status and stratified by ethnicity.
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Jafari-Nedooshan J, Dastgheib SA, Kargar S, Zare M, Raee-Ezzabadi A, Heiranizadeh N, Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J, Neamatzadeh H. Association of IL-6 −174 G>C Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer and Gastric Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2020; 62:137-146. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The −174G>C (rs1800795) polymorphism at interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene has been reported to be related with the occurrence of colorectal (CRC) and gastric (GC) cancers. However, the results had been conflicting and controversial. In order to give a comprehensive and precise result, we summarized available data to analyze the association of this polymorphism with CRC and GC risk. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and CNKI database was performed to identify all eligible studies up to May 15, 2019. The strength of association was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 29 case-control studies including 16 studies with 7,560 cases and 9,574 controls on CRC and 13 studies with 1,445 cases and 2,918 controls on GC were selected. Overall, pooled data showed that the IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with increased risk of CRC and GC in overall. When stratified by ethnicity, we found a statistically significant association between the IL-6 −174 G>C polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.860, 95% CI 1.061–3.258, p = 0.030; and CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 1.941, 95% CI 1.131–3.331, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with the increased risk of CRC and GC in overall population. However, the results showed that IL-6 −174G>C polymorphism may be associated with risk of GC in Asians. Further studies including a larger sample size will be necessary to clarify these results.
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12
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Bedoui S, Dallel M, Barbirou M, Stayoussef M, Mokrani A, Mezlini A, Bouhaouala B, Almawi WY, Yacoubi-Loueslati B. Interleukin-17A polymorphisms predict the response and development of tolerance to FOLFOX chemotherapy in colorectal cancer treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:311-318. [PMID: 31138901 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic variants in IL-17A gene were differentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility but their link with response and toxicity to CRC treatment have not yet been evaluated. We investigated association between seven IL-17A variants with the response and toxicity to CRC treatment in 294 patients with CRC. IL-17A genotyping was done by real-time PCR. MAF of rs3748067 was significantly higher in CRC cases resistant to FOLFOX treatment (R+) than non resistant (R-). Significantly higher rs3804513 MAF was noted in R+ versus R- colon cancer (CC). Higher rs2275913 and rs10484879, and reduced rs3804513 MAF were seen in rectal cancer (RC) tolerant to FOLFOX (T+) compared to (T-) patients. Strong association of rs3819025, rs3804513, and rs7747909 was found with tolerance to RC treatment. rs3748067 was associated with FOLFOX tolerance in CC but not RC. Significant higher frequency of AGGCAGG and GAGCAGG haplotypes was seen among R + CC, thus assigning non-favorable nature to these haplotypes. Higher and lower frequencies of GAGTAAG and AGGCTGA haplotypes, respectively, were observed in T + RC, thereby assigning FOLFOX-tolerant and non-tolerant nature to these haplotypes. The obtained results suggest that IL-17A variants and haplotypes may be a target for future management of CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Bedoui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers, El Manar University, LR16ES05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Dallel
- Lab. Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouadh Barbirou
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Stayoussef
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers, El Manar University, LR16ES05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Balkiss Bouhaouala
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.,Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers, El Manar University, LR16ES05, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers, El Manar University, LR16ES05, Tunis, Tunisia.
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13
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Barati E, Ghazizadeh H, Sadabadi F, Kazemi E, Ferns GA, Avan A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of the IL6 Gene Polymorphism with Component Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Subjects. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:695-708. [PMID: 30989422 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Several genetic variants are reported to be associated with obesity and hypo adiponectinemia, including ars1800796 polymorphism of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene. Since obesity is associated with inflammatory factors, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between this polymorphism and MetS and its related features. Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (n = 182) were recruited into this study and divided into two groups; 110 patients with MetS, based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and 72 subjects without MetS. The anthropometric and biochemical data for the groups were compared. Genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR. The association of the genetic polymorphism with MetS and its components were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyzes. There was an association between the presence of the rs1800796polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, with BMI (P = 0.031), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.010) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.037), while this genetic variant did not show any significant association with the presence of MetS as defined by the IDF. We demonstrate an association between the rs1800796 genetic variant of the IL-6 gene with components of MetS including BMI, and HDL-cholesterol, but not the MetS itself. Therefore, supporting further studies are warranted to investigate this point in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Barati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadabadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Huang BZ, Tsilidis KK, Smith MW, Hoffman-Bolton J, Visvanathan K, Platz EA, Joshu CE. Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation and obesity and colorectal adenoma risk. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1278-1288. [PMID: 29802748 PMCID: PMC6697114 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to obesity and inflammation and colorectal cancer in the CLUE II cohort. However, the relationships between these SNPs and colorectal adenomas have not been well evaluated. In a nested case-control study of 135 incident adenoma cases and 269 matched controls in the CLUE II cohort (1989-2000), we genotyped 17 candidate SNPs in 12 genes (PPARG, TCF7L2, ADIPOQ, LEP, IL10, CRP, TLR4, IL6, IL1B, IL8, TNF, RNASEL) and 19 tagSNPs in three genes (IL10, CRP, and TLR4). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for adenomas (overall and by size, histology, location, number). Polymorphisms in the inflammatory-related genes CRP, ADIPOQ, IL6, and TLR4 were observed to be associated with adenoma risk. At rs1205 in CRP, T (minor allele) carriers had a higher risk (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.07-2.60; reference: CC) of adenomas overall and adenomas with aggressive characteristics. At rs1201299 in ADIPOQ, the AC genotype had a higher risk (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.00-2.49) of adenomas, while the minor AA genotype had a borderline inverse association (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.18-1.08; reference: CC). At rs1800797 in IL6, the AA genotype had a borderline inverse association (OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.27-1.05; reference: GG). Three TLR4 tagSNPs (rs10116253, rs1927911, rs7873784) were associated with adenomas among obese participants. None of these SNPs were associated with colorectal cancer in our prior study in CLUE II, possibly suggesting a different genetic etiology for early colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z. Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Smith
- Division of Genome Sciences, Extramural Research Program, National Human Genome Research Institution, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E. Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Zhou L, Zheng Y, Tian T, Liu K, Wang M, Lin S, Deng Y, Dai C, Xu P, Hao Q, Kang H, Dai Z. Associations of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with cancer risk: Evidence based on 49,408 cancer cases and 61,790 controls. Gene 2018; 670:136-147. [PMID: 29842912 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many molecular epidemiologic studies have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility for various cancers. However, the conclusions of these studies are inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to explore the association between three common IL-6 loci (rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797) and the risk for various cancers. We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant publications and obtained 108 eligible studies, involving 49,408 cancer patients and 61,790 cancer-free controls. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and false positive reporting probability (FPRP) were used to evaluate cancer risk. All statistical analyses were performed using the R software meta package. We observed a non-significant association between rs1800795 and overall cancer risk, while rs1800797 was found to have a false positive association with overall risk of cancer. Subgroup analyses of rs1800797 also suggested non-significant association and rs1800795 played a protective role in liver cancer. Rs1800796 was found to be associated with overall cancer risk, particularly in Asian patients and those with prostate cancer. These findings provide evidence that IL-6 polymorphisms may affect cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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16
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Pan Z, Chen M, Hu X, Wang H, Yang J, Zhang C, Pan F, Sun G. Associations between VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis based on 39 case-control studies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13068-13076. [PMID: 29560132 PMCID: PMC5849196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported the associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC), but the results were not always consistent. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether VDR polymorphisms are associated with CRC susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies on the associations between VDR polymorphisms and CRC were retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang (Chinese) databases. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was obtained. RESULTS Thirty-nine articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis including 22101 CRC cases and 23696 healthy controls. The 39 articles consisted of five VDR gene polymorphisms including ApaI, FokI, BsmI, TaqI and Cdx2. The results of meta-analysis showed that the FokI polymorphism was on the fringe of statistically significant in the comparisons of F allele vs. f allele in fixed model (OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 0.999-1.059, Praw = 0.057, PFDR = 0.057). Moreover, for the associations between BsmI polymorphism with CRC, We observed significant differences in allele frequencies, the homozygous model and the dominant model between CRC patients and healthy controls (B vs. b: OR = 0.862, 95% CI = 0.761-0.976, Praw = 0.019, PFDR = 0.019; BB vs. bb: OR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.636-0.972, Praw = 0.026, PFDR = 0.039; BB + Bb vs. bb: OR = 0.934, 95% CI = 0.888-0.982, Praw = 0.008, PFDR = 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that BsmI is associated with CRC risk and FokI might be a risk factor for CRC. However, these associations with CRC need further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Congjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
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17
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Banday MZ, Balkhi HM, Sameer AS, Chowdri NA, Haq E. Strong association of interleukin-6 −174G/C promoter single nucleotide polymorphism with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in ethnic Kashmiri population: A case control study. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695940. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation increases the risk of development of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. Interleukin-6 has been described as a key regulator of colorectal cancer development and is important in the process of colorectal tumorigenesis largely through the regulation of tumor-promoting inflammation. Several studies have reported the association of various polymorphisms in human interleukin-6 gene including IL-6 −174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism with various cancers, including colorectal cancer, but the results are mixed and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of IL-6 −174G/C promoter single nucleotide polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk and also to evaluate the modifying effects of possible IL-6 −174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes on different risk factors of colorectal cancer or the reciprocal effect in ethnic Kashmiri population through a case control setup. The genotype frequencies of IL-6 −174G/C promoter single nucleotide polymorphism were compared between 142 colorectal cancer patients and 184 individually matched healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association between the IL-6 −174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk was examined through conditional logistic regression models adjusted for multiple possible confounding (third) variables. The possible effect measure modification of the association between the relevant single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and colorectal cancer risk by various colorectal cancer risk factors including age, gender, and smoking status was also evaluated. Furthermore, the associations between these single nucleotide polymorphisms and various clinicopathological parameters, demographic variables, and environmental factors within the case group subjects with regard to colorectal cancer risk were also analyzed. The overall association between the IL-6 −174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism and the modulation of colorectal cancer risk was found to be highly significant (p = 0.001). The variant genotype (CC) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio, 0.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.54); p = 0.004). Furthermore, the less common IL-6-174C allele was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio, 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.73); p = 0.0006). The combined variant genotype (GC + CC) was also significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio, 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.89); p = 0.015). This study demonstrates that there is a strong and highly significant association between the IL-6 −174G/C promoter single nucleotide polymorphism and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in ethnic Kashmiri population. However, in order to substantiate our findings, this study needs to be replicated with larger sample size and with other ethnically defined populations with comparable colorectal cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissar A Chowdri
- Department of Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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18
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Ramadan RA, Desouky LM, Moaaz M, Elnaggar MA, Selima M, Samir M, Abdalla E. Association of vitamin D receptor and toll like receptor genetic variants and haplotypes with colon cancer risk: A case control study in Egypt. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Xu C, Zhou D, Pan F, Liu Y, Zhang D, Lin A, Miao X, Ni Y, Lv D, Zhang S, Li X, Zhu Y, Lai M. A novel variant on chromosome 6p21.1 is associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer: a two-stage case-control study in Han Chinese. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:807. [PMID: 27756247 PMCID: PMC5069896 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes in inflammatory pathways play a pivotal role in the development of colorectal cancer. We conducted a two-stage case-control study and aimed at screening the colorectal cancer-associated genetic variations in inflammatory genes. METHODS Twenty-three candidate variants were genotyped in 952 primary colorectal cancer cases and 875 cancer-free controls from eastern China. Promising single nucleotide polymorphisms were further genotyped in 518 cases and 554 controls from middle China. Expression quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses were performed for the associated gene. RESULTS rs2282151 presented consistently significant associations with the risk of colorectal cancer in both stages (odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 1.30 (1.16-1.46), risk allele = C, P combined = 8.9E-6). Gene expression quantitative trait loci analyzes uncovered consistent cis-regulatory signals which showed that the C allele of rs2282151 was associated with increased expression level of heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1). Then we found that the mRNA expression levels of HSP90AB1 were significantly higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues (fold-change = 1.83) in 28 pairs of colorectal tissue samples. The expression difference was consistent with data from online datasets. Additionally, we observed notable peaks of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 near the first intron of HSP90AB1 using ChIP-seq data from multiple cell lines (including HCT116). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the C allele of the novel colorectal cancer-associated variant rs2282151 is associated with increased expression levels of HSP90AB1, which is expressed higher in colorectal tumor tissues than in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifen Lin
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China.,Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqin Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Duo Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Engineering, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Kantor ED, Udumyan R, Signorello LB, Giovannucci EL, Montgomery S, Fall K. Adolescent body mass index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Gut 2016; 65:1289-95. [PMID: 25986947 PMCID: PMC4674372 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-309007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult obesity and inflammation have been associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, less is known about how adolescent body mass index (BMI) and inflammation, as measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), relate to CRC risk. We sought to evaluate these associations in a cohort of 239 658 Swedish men who underwent compulsory military enlistment examinations in late adolescence (ages 16-20 years). DESIGN At the time of the conscription assessment (1969-1976), height and weight were measured and ESR was assayed. By linkage to the national cancer registry, these conscripts were followed for CRC through 1 January 2010. Over an average of 35 years of follow-up, 885 cases of CRC occurred, including 501 colon cancers and 384 rectal cancers. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs and corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS Compared with normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)) in late adolescence, upper overweight (BMI 27.5 to <30 kg/m(2)) was associated with a 2.08-fold higher risk of CRC (95% CI 1.40 to 3.07) and obesity (BMI 30+ kg/m(2)) was associated with a 2.38-fold higher risk of CRC (95% CI 1.51 to 3.76) (p-trend: <0.001). Male adolescents with ESR (15+ mm/h) had a 63% higher risk of CRC (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.45) than those with low ESR (<10 mm/h) (p-trend: 0.006). Associations did not significantly differ by anatomic site. CONCLUSIONS Late-adolescent BMI and inflammation, as measured by ESR, may be independently associated with future CRC risk. Further research is needed to better understand how early-life exposures relate to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Kantor
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruzan Udumyan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Matsusaka S, Hanna DL, Cao S, Zhang W, Yang D, Ning Y, Sunakawa Y, Okazaki S, Berger MD, Miyamato Y, Parekh A, Stintzing S, Loupakis F, Lenz HJ. Prognostic Impact of IL6 Genetic Variants in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab-Based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3218-26. [PMID: 26839145 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The IL6/STAT3 axis promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. The effect of genetic variants within this pathway on benefit from antiangiogenic cancer therapy is unknown. We tested whether SNPs in genes involved in IL6/STAT3 signaling can predict efficacy of bevacizumab-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Associations between potentially functional IL6 (rs2069837 and rs1800795) and STAT3 (rs744166 and rs4796793) SNPs and clinical outcomes [progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and tumor response rate] were evaluated in mCRC patients receiving first-line FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in two randomized phase III trials: TRIBE (n = 223, training cohort) and FIRE-3 (n = 288, validation cohort). Patients receiving FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in FIRE-3 (n = 264) served as a control cohort. The interaction between genotype and primary tumor location with clinical outcomes was examined. Genomic DNA isolated from whole blood or tumor tissue was analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. RESULTS Patients with an IL6 rs2069837 G allele treated with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab had an inferior PFS than those with the A/A genotype in TRIBE [9.4 vs. 11.1 months; HR = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-2.10; P = 0.004] and FIRE-3 (8.8 vs. 10.9 months; HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.85; P = 0.015). These associations were confirmed in multivariable analyses and were not seen in the control cohort. In subgroup analysis, the effect of IL6 rs2069837 on PFS was present only in patients with left-sided cancers, but the test for interaction was not significant. CONCLUSIONS IL6 rs2069837 genotype is a clinically relevant prognostic factor in mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3218-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsusaka
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana L Hanna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Cao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Ning
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin D Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuji Miyamato
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anish Parekh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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22
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Wang S, Zhang W. Genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and the risk of CRC. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6561-9. [PMID: 26638167 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 and the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway have previously been reported to be important in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and several studies have shown the relationship between the polymorphisms of related genes in this pathway with the risk of CRC. However, the findings of these related studies are inconsistent. Moreover, there has no systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and CRC susceptibility. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between polymorphisms in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway genes and CRC risk. Eighteen eligible studies with a total of 13,795 CRC cases and 18,043 controls were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases for the period up to September 15, 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of the association. Our results indicated that IL-6 genetic variants in allele additive model (OR = 1.05, 95 % CI = 1.00, 1.09) and JAK2 genetic variants (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI = 1.15, 1.65) in genotype recessive model were significantly associated with CRC risk. Moreover, the pooled data revealed that IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CRC in allele additive model in Europe (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.01, 1.14). In conclusion, the present findings indicate that IL-6 and JAK2 genetic variants are associated with the increased risk of CRC while STAT3 genetic variants not. We need more well-designed clinical studies covering more countries and population to definitively establish the association between genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and CRC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
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23
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Gautam KA, Muktanand T, Sankhwar SN, Goel A, Sankhwar PL, Rajender S. Functional polymorphisms in the IL6 gene promoter and the risk of urinary bladder cancer in India. Cytokine 2015; 77:152-6. [PMID: 26605964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional cytokine, which plays a key role in tumor proliferation and differentiation. Variations in its gene (IL6) sequence may affect the risk of developing various cancers, including urinary bladder cancer. The present study was done to find the association of functional polymorphisms in the IL6 promoter with urinary bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in histologically confirmed 232 cases of urinary bladder cancer and 250 healthy controls. The controls subjects were matched to the cases by age, sex, and ethnicity. Genotyping of the polymorphisms (-174G>C; -572G>C, -596A>G) was undertaken by direct DNA sequencing. The level of association between the genotypes and urinary bladder cancer risk was estimated by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals generated by applying the chi-square test. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs and haplotype analysis were performed using Haploview software. RESULT Significantly higher number of smokers (p=0.047), tobacco chewers (p=<0.001) and those with non-vegetarian food habits (p=0.016) were seen in the case group. The distribution of genotypes at -174G>C locus differed significantly between cases and controls and the variant genotypes GC+CC were significantly rarer in the cases (p=0.00073; OR=0.52 95% CI 0.35-0.75). Variant genotypes (GC+CC) were more common in grade I than grade III tumors (p=0.032), further suggesting a protective effect. No LD was found between the SNPs; however, the frequency of haplotype AGC was significantly lesser in the cases than controls (p=0.0103), suggesting a protective effect. Genotype distribution at the other two loci (-572G>C and -596A>G) did not show association with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS IL6 (-174G>C) substitution confers significant protection against the risk of urinary bladder cancer in the study population, while other substitutions in this gene (-572G>C and -596A>G) do not affect the risk. In general, there is a lack of studies on the cytokine gene polymorphisms in urinary bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tripathi Muktanand
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Apul Goel
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pushp Lata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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24
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Sampaio AM, Balseiro SC, Silva MR, Alarcão A, d'Aguiar MJ, Ferreira T, Carvalho L. Association Between IL-4 and IL-6 Expression Variants and Gastric Cancer Among Portuguese Population. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2015; 22:143-152. [PMID: 28868397 PMCID: PMC5580160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpge.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Multiple studies have reported strong associations between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) inflammation and gastric cancer (GC) development. Altered expressions of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines have a crucial role in Hp and GC proliferation. Although there are many studies related to cytokines polymorphisms involvement in GC risk, the role of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in gastric inflammation process is not yet clarified. Aim This study aimed to investigate the impact of common IL-4 and IL-6 polymorphisms in GC development risk among Portuguese population. Methods A total of 100 GC biopsies (50 with intestinal type, IGC, 50 with diffuse type, DGC) and 50 chronic gastritis cases, used as control group, were included in this case-control study. IL-4 and IL-6 common polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-SSP, using commercially available kits. Results IL-4 low producer genotypes, IL-4-590TT (OR = 6.7; 95% CI 1.4–32.4) and IL-4-1098GG (OR = 4.4; 95% CI 1.7–16.9) were found associated with IGC and DGC, respectively. We also verified that IL-4 TTT haplotype was linked with both IGC (OR = 5.8; 95% CI 2.3–14.4) and DGC (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.0–5.5) groups. Concerning IL-6 results, IL-6-174CG genotype showed a higher prevalence among IGC cases (OR = 7.3; 95% CI 2.7–20.3), and IL-6-174CC (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.7–8.7) showed upper prevalence within DGC subjects. Finally, IL-6-174/nt565CG haplotype showed a significant association with both IGC (OR = 7.3; 95% CI 2.7–20.3) and DGC (OR = 7.9; 95% CI 4.2–14.9). Conclusion IL-6 and IL-4 expression variants seem to have an important role in GC risk mechanisms. This study provides preliminary evidence that IL-4 and IL-6 polymorphisms, although not directly linked to the disease, may be useful tools in the study of this multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sampaio
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Caramujo Balseiro
- CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Superior Health School Dr. Lopes Dias, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Maria Reis Silva
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Superior Health School Dr. Lopes Dias, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana Alarcão
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João d'Aguiar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Circulating interleukin-6 and cancer: A meta-analysis using Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11394. [PMID: 26096712 PMCID: PMC4476043 DOI: 10.1038/srep11394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a contributory role in the progression and severity of many forms of cancer; it however remains unclear whether the relevance between circulating IL-6 and cancer is causal. We therefore meta-analyzed published articles in this regard using IL-6 gene -174G/C variant as an instrument. Seventy-eight and six articles were eligible for the association of -174G/C variant with cancer and circulating IL-6, respectively. Overall analyses failed to identify any significance between -174G/C and cancer risk. In Asians, carriers of the -174CC genotype had an 1.95-fold increased cancer risk compared with the -174GG genotype carriers (P = 0.009). By cancer type, significance was only attained for liver cancer with the -174C allele conferring a reduced risk under allelic (odds ratio or OR = 0.74; P = 0.001), homozygous genotypic (OR = 0.59; P = 0.029) and dominant (OR = 0.67; P = 0.004) models. Carriers of the -174CC genotype (weighted mean difference or WMD = −4.23 pg/mL; P < 0.001) and -174C allele (WMD = −3.43 pg/mL; P < 0.001) had circulating IL-6 reduced significantly compared with the non-carriers. In further Mendelian randomization analysis, a reduction of 1 pg/mL in circulating IL-6 was significantly associated with an 12% reduced risk of liver cancer. Long-term genetically-reduced circulating IL-6 might be causally associated with a lower risk of liver cancer.
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26
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Omrane I, Medimegh I, Baroudi O, Ayari H, Bedhiafi W, Stambouli N, Ferchichi M, Kourda N, Bignon YJ, Uhrhammer N, Mezlini A, Bougatef K, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Involvement of IL17A, IL17F and IL23R Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128911. [PMID: 26083022 PMCID: PMC4470506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL23/IL17 pathway plays an important role in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In general, the genes encoding the cytokines are genetically polymorphic and polymorphisms in genes IL23R and IL17 have been proved to be associated with its susceptibility to inflammatory diseases as well as cancer including colorectal cancer. Moreover, it has been shown that these interleukins are involved in anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects of various cancers. Previously, we showed that there is a significant association between IL17A, IL17F and IL23R polymorphisms as well as the occurrence of colorectal cancer and the clinical features of the disease. The purpose of the present work is to investigate an association between IL17A, IL17F and IL23R polymorphisms in 102 Tunisian patients with colorectal cancer treatment. The association was analyzed by statistical tools. We found that patients with mutated genotypes of IL17A G197A SNP could be a risk factor for the inefficiency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unlike IL17F variant, patients with wild type genotypes require surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. On the one hand, we found no evidence that supports a significant association between IL23R polymorphism and the combined genotypes of these three genes and the colorectal cancer treatment. On the other hand, we showed that there is an important interaction between IL17A/IL17F polymorphisms and the stage of the disease as well as its treatment. Finally, patients with IL17F wild type genotype highlighted that there is a valid longer OS without all treatments and with radiotherapy and a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast, we observed that there are no relationships between IL17A, IL23R and the survival of these patients neither with nor without the treatment. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in IL17A and IL17F genes may be a predictive source of colorectal cancer therapy type. Therefore, IL17F may serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Omrane
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Imen Medimegh
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Baroudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hager Ayari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Bedhiafi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Stambouli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cytopathology of the Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Molecular Genetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Molecular Genetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Medical Oncology Department of the Institute Salah Azaiez, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Bougatef
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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27
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Bei CH, Bai H, Yu HP, Yang Y, Liang QQ, Deng YY, Tan SK, Qiu XQ. Combined effects of six cytokine gene polymorphisms and SNP-SNP interactions on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Southern Guangxi, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6961-7. [PMID: 25169554 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are involved in the genesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that combined effects of cytokine gene SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions are associated with HCC risk. Six SNPs in cytokine genes (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were genotyped in a study of 720 Chinese HCC cases and 784 cancer-free controls. Although none of these SNPs individually had a significant effect on the risk of HCC, we found that the combined effects of these six SNPs may contribute to HCC risk (OR=1.821, 95% CI=1.078-3.075). This risk was pronounced among smokers, drinkers, and hepatitis B virus carriers. A SNP-SNP interaction between IL-2-330 and IFN-γ-1615 was associated with an increased HCC risk (OR=1.078, 95% CI=1.022-1.136). In conclusion, combined effects of SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions in cytokine genes may contribute to HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Bei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China E-mail :
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Predictive and prognostic biomarkers for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:67-80. [PMID: 26032919 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer is regularly treated with trimodality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. There is a need for biomarkers to assess treatment response, and aid in stratification of patient risk to adapt and personalise components of the therapy. Currently, pathological stage and tumour regression grade are used to assess response. Experimental markers include proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and microsatellite instability. As yet, no single marker is sufficiently robust to have clinical utility. Microarrays that screen a tumour for multiple promising candidate markers, gene expression and microRNA profiling will likely have higher yield and it is expected that a combination or panel of markers would prove most useful. Moving forward, utilising serial samples of circulating tumour cells or circulating nucleic acids can potentially allow us to demonstrate tumour heterogeneity, document mutational changes and subsequently measure treatment response.
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29
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Yu K, Yang J, Jiang Y, Song R, Lu Q. Vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: an updated analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4801-7. [PMID: 24998544 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, but the results were conflicting. The aim of this study is to quantitatively summarize the relationship between this polymorphism and CRC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedicine databases for studies published before November 2013. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for VDR BsmI polymorphism and CRC were calculated in a fixed- effects model (the Mantel-Haenszel method) and a random-effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) when appropriate. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 14 case-control studies, which included 10,822 CRC cases and 11,779 controls. Overall, the variant genotype (BB) of the BsmI was associated with a lower CRC risk when compared with the wild-type bb homozygote (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88). Similarly, a decreased CRC risk was also found in the dominant and recessive models. When stratifying for ethnicity, source of controls, and study sample size, associations were observed among Caucasians, population-based studies and studies with large study sample size (>1000 subjects). Limiting the analysis to the studies within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the results were persistent and robust. No publication bias was found in the present study. CONCLUSIONS This updated meta-analysis suggests that the VDR BsmI polymorphism may be associated with a moderate protective effect against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail :
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30
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Rasool S, Kadla SA, Khan T, Qazi F, Shah NA, Basu J, Khan BA, Ahktar Q, Sameer AS, Ganai BA. Association of a VDR gene polymorphism with risk of colorectal cancer in Kashmir. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5833-7. [PMID: 24289585 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Roles of the vitamin D receptor in etiology of cancers, including colorectal cancer, have been repeatedly stressed in different parts of the world. A case control study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the two was therefore initiated in Kashmir, known both for its increasing incidence of gastrointestinal cancers and deficiency of micro-nutrients especially vitamin D. The study included a total of 617 subjects (312 colorectal cancer cases and 305 controls), with sampling carried out over a period of 5 years. DNA samples from the blood of the subjects were analyzed for start codon Fok I VDR polymorphism. We obtained a 1.3 fold increased risk among individuals homozygous for f variants as compared to subjects homozygous for F allele (odds ratio OR 1.3, 95%CI, 0.861-1.65). Our study also showed statistically significant results when dwelling and tumor location characteristics were stratified with Fok I polymorphism, all of which suggests a possible role of Fok I polymorphism in the etiology of CRC in Kashmir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabha Rasool
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, India E-mail :
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Penney RB, Lundgreen A, Yao-Borengasser A, Edavana VK, Williams S, Dhakal I, Wolff RK, Kadlubar S, Slattery ML. CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphism associations with CYP19A1, NFκB1, and IL6 gene expression in human normal colon and normal liver samples. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2014; 7:163-71. [PMID: 25114581 PMCID: PMC4109316 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s62238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Estrogen is known to decrease the risk of colon cancer in postmenopausal women, and may exert its actions by decreasing interleukin-6 (IL6) production via stabilization of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). Estrogens are biosynthesized by CYP19A1 (aromatase), so it is possible that genetic variations in CYP19A1 influences the risk of colon cancer by altering expression of CYP19A1. Further, studies on gene-gene interactions suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms in one gene may affect expression of other genes. The current study aims to explore the role of CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on CYP19A1, NFκB1 and IL6 gene expression. Methods Phenotype–genotype associations, cross-associations between genes, and haplotype analyses were performed in both normal human colon (n=82) and liver (n=238) samples. Results CYP19A1 rs10459592, rs1961177, and rs6493497 were associated with CYP19A1 expression in colon samples (P=0.042, P=0.041, and P=0.013, respectively). CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12908960, rs730154, rs8025191, and rs17523880) were correlated with NFκB1 expression (P=0.047, P=0.04, P=0.05, and P=0.03, respectively), and CYP19A1 rs11856927, rs2470152, and rs2470144 (P=0.049, P=0.025, P=0.047, respectively) were associated with IL6 expression in the colon. While rs730154 and rs17523880 could not be analyzed in the liver samples, none of the other associations with the colon were replicated in the liver samples. Haplotype analysis revealed three separate haplotypes of the CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphism that were significantly associated with CYP19A1, NFκB1, and IL6 gene expression. Conclusion CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated not only with CYP19A1 expression but also with NFκB1 and IL6 expression. These data demonstrate the possible functional consequences of genetic variation within the CYP19A1 gene on other genes in a biologically plausible pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind B Penney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abbie Lundgreen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aiwei Yao-Borengasser
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vineetha K Edavana
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Suzanne Williams
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ishwori Dhakal
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Kadlubar
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Andersen V, Vogel U. Systematic review: interactions between aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and polymorphisms in relation to colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:147-59. [PMID: 24889212 PMCID: PMC4225470 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). Long-term use of NSAIDs has been associated with lowered risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the use is hampered by adverse effects. Also, the anti-carcinogenic effects of NSAIDs are incompletely understood. Understanding biological effects of NSAIDs may help developing new preventive medical strategies. AIM To identify gene-environment interactions between genetic variation and NSAID use in relation to risk of CRC. METHODS We performed a PubMed literature search and all studies reporting original data on interactions between NSAIDs and polymorphisms in relation to CRC were evaluated. RESULTS We found indications that aspirin interacted with rs6983267 close to MYC (encoding a transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation) and NSAIDs interacted with rs3024505 and rs1800872 in or close to IL10 (encoding IL-10) in preventing CRC. Homozygous carriers of the variant allele of rs6983267 (ca. 25% of the population) halved their risk for CRC by aspirin use compared to homozygous wildtype carriers who did not benefit from aspirin intake. No interaction between use of NSAIDs and PTGS-2 (encoding COX-2) in relation to CRC risk was detected. Other findings of interactions between genes in inflammatory and oncogenic pathways and NSAIDs were considered suggestive. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of underlying biological effects of NSAIDs in relation to CRC is scarce and the basis for stratifying the patients for preventive treatment is not yet available. Further studies assessing interactions between long-term NSAID exposure and genetic variation in relation to CRC are warranted in large well-characterised prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andersen
- Organ Center, Hospital of Southern JutlandAabenraa, Denmark,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark,Medical Department, Regional Hospital ViborgViborg, Denmark
| | - U Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, Denmark
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Joshi N, Kannan S, Kotian N, Bhat S, Kale M, Hake S. Interleukin 6 -174G>C polymorphism and cancer risk: meta-analysis reveals a site dependent differential influence in Ancestral North Indians. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:901-8. [PMID: 24994460 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In our earlier studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with anti-inflammatory cytokines were found to influence risk for breast cancer in western Indian women. Analysis of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) -174G>C polymorphism in this cohort (patients = 182; controls = 236) suggested a protective role for IL-6 -174C allele associated with the lower expression of the cytokine (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.89, dominant model). Together these observations suggested that in comparison to Caucasians, inflammation associated-cytokine gene polymorphisms may have higher influence on risk for cancer in this population. To examine this possibility we analyzed data assessing influence of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) -174G>C polymorphism on risk for various cancers. Overall, there was a marginally higher risk for rare allele homozygotes compared to wild type homozygotes (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.00-1.15). Increased risks for genitourinary cancers and for skin cancer were also indicated. The ethnicity based analysis indicated a protective effect of the minor allele in Ancestral North Indians (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.55-0.97). Site by ethnicity analysis once again revealed a significant protection against breast cancer (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.37-0.70; dominant model) but an opposite influence on the risk of genitourinary malignancies (OR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.59-3.96; recessive model) in this population alone. The observations imply that contribution of IL-6 to inflammation or effector immunity may depend on the site of malignancy. Assessment of available data in relation to prognosis in breast cancer patients also revealed trends that are compatible with the observations of the meta-analysis. Thus, IL-6 -174G>C polymorphism clearly represents a potential modulator of risk for malignant disorders with ethnicity and site dependent trends. The results also support the possibility of higher influence of inflammation related cytokine gene polymorphisms on the risk for cancers in Ancestral North Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Joshi
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Epidemiology & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nirupama Kotian
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreyas Bhat
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mithila Kale
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Hake
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
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Involvement of NF-κB/IL-6 Pathway in the Processing of Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Colitis Mice. Int J Inflam 2014; 2014:130981. [PMID: 25093140 PMCID: PMC4100381 DOI: 10.1155/2014/130981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/interleukin (IL-6) pathway links chronic inflammation to colitis associated cancer (CAC). In this study, we examined the dynamic temporal changes of the NF-κB/IL-6 pathway during the procession of experimental CAC mouse model. Mice were sacrificed after induction for 14, 16, 18, and 22 weeks for the examination of tumor burden, inflammation degree, and protein level of NF-κB and IL-6 in bowel tissues. The results showed that tumor burden and inflammation severity in the bowels were gradually increased over the observed time-points. The expressions of IL-6 and NF-κB proteins were gradually increased after induction of dysplastic lesions over times. These data provide new information on the dynamic temporal changes of NF-κB/IL-6 pathway in relation to CAC development that may be relevant in the design of future investigations of therapeutic interventions to effectively target CAC processes.
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Raimondi S, Pasquali E, Gnagnarella P, Serrano D, Disalvatore D, Johansson HA, Gandini S. BsmI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene and cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Mutat Res 2014; 769:17-34. [PMID: 25771722 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The VDR gene is an important regulator of the vitamin D pathway, and the role of some of its polymorphisms on cancer risk was previously investigated. A trend of cancer risk reduction with the VDR BsmI B allele was observed for many cancer sites. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the role of VDR BsmI polymorphism on cancer risk, even according to different ethnicities. Summary odds ratios (SORs) were calculated with random-effects models and maximum likelihood estimation. We categorized studies into three groups ("moderate", "high" and "very high confidence") according to departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls, reported minor allele frequency and genotyping quality controls. The meta-analysis included 73 studies with 45,218 cases and 52,057 controls. We found a significant 6-7% reduction of cancer risk at any site respectively for carriers of Bb genotype (SOR; 95%CI: 0.94; 0.90-0.99) and for carriers of BsmI BB genotype (SOR; 95%CI: 0.93; 0.89-0.98) compared to bb carriers, and they remain statistically significant when we restricted the analysis to at least "high confidence" studies. For skin cancer, a significant risk reduction was observed for Bb carriers (SOR; 95%CI: 0.86; 0.76-0.98). We also found a significant reduction of colorectal cancer risk for BB and Bb+BB genotypes carriers, but these SORs were no more significant when we restricted the analysis to studies with "high confidence". When the analysis was stratified by ethnicity, we still observed a significant decreased risk for both Bb and BB compared to bb genotype among Caucasians: SORs (95%CI) for any cancer site were 0.97 (0.93-1.00) and 0.95 (0.91-0.99), respectively. Among other ethnic groups the inverse association was still present, but did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, we suggest a weak effect of BsmI B allele in reducing cancer risk at any site, especially of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Pasquali
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Disalvatore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet A Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Resler AJ, Makar KW, Heath L, Whitton J, Potter JD, Poole EM, Habermann N, Scherer D, Duggan D, Wang H, Lindor NM, Passarelli MN, Baron JA, Newcomb PA, Le Marchand L, Ulrich CM. Genetic variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways, NSAID use and colorectal cancer risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2121-6. [PMID: 24908683 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) generally decreases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, inherited genetic variation in inflammatory pathways may alter their potential as preventive agents. We investigated whether variation in prostaglandin synthesis and related pathways influences CRC risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry by examining associations between 192 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two variable nucleotide tandem repeats (VNTRs) within 17 candidate genes and CRC risk. We further assessed interactions between these polymorphisms and NSAID use on CRC risk. Using a case-unaffected-sibling-control design, this study included 1621 primary invasive CRC cases and 2592 sibling controls among Caucasian men and women aged 18-90. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, two intronic SNPs were associated with rectal cancer risk: rs11571364 in ALOX12 [OR(het/hzv) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-2.95, P = 0.03] and rs45525634 in PTGER2 (OR(het/hzv) = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.82, P = 0.03). Additionally, there was an interaction between NSAID use and the intronic SNP rs2920421 in ALOX12 on risk of CRC (P = 0.03); among those with heterozygous genotypes, risk was reduced for current NSAID users compared with never or former users (OR(het) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45-0.80), though not among those with homozygous wild-type or variant genotypes. The results of this study suggest that genetic variation in ALOX12 and PTGER2 may affect the risk of rectal cancer. In addition, this study suggests plausible interactions between NSAID use and variants in ALOX12 on CRC risk. These results may aid in the development of genetically targeted cancer prevention strategies with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Resler
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karen W Makar
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura Heath
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Whitton
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Hansong Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Department of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology and, Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rasool S, Kadla SA, Rasool V, Qazi F, Khan T, Shah NA, Ganai BA. Role of the VDR Bsm I and Apa I polymorphisms in the risk of colorectal cancer in Kashmir. Oncol Res Treat 2014; 37:345-9. [PMID: 24903766 DOI: 10.1159/000362859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A case-control study aiming to evaluate the relationship between Bsm I and Apa I restriction fragment gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) was carried out in Kashmir, including a total of 368 subjects (180 cases and 188 controls). METHODS DNA samples extracted from the blood of the subjects were analyzed for 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) Apa I and Bsm I polymorphisms using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). RESULTS A statistically significant 2.7-fold increased risk was observed in individuals found homozygous for the presence of the 'b' allele, in comparison to subjects homozygous for the 'B' allele (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-4.86 (Bsm I)), and a statistically insignificant 2-fold increased risk was found among individuals with the 'aa' genotype, as compared to subjects with the 'AA' genotype (OR 2.017, 95% CI 0.86-4.7). Our study also yielded statistically significant results when the Apa I polymorphism was stratified by age (≤ 50 years) and dwelling area (rural area), and the Bsm I polymorphism by gender (male gender), suggesting a possible role of Apa I and Bsm I polymorphisms in the etiology of CRC in Kashmir. CONCLUSION We conclude that Apa I and Bsm I single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) might be associated with susceptibility to CRC among Kashmiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabha Rasool
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, India
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Mandal S, Abebe F, Chaudhary J. -174G/C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 promoter is differently associated with prostate cancer incidence depending on race. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:139-51. [PMID: 24446297 DOI: 10.4238/2014.january.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in prostate cancer progression, including androgen independence. Serum IL-6 levels also correlate with prostate tumor burden, prostate-specific antigen levels and metastasis. Since circulating cytokine levels vary considerably inter-individually, such variation could be linked to genetic factors, including genetic polymorphism. The -174G>C/rs1800795 polymorphism in the IL-6 promoter is functionally relevant in terms of transcriptional regulation and disease association. We investigated a possible association of the -174G/C polymorphism with prostate cancer. Since significant racial disparities exist in prostate cancer incidence, we also investigated this association between the -174G/C polymorphism and prostate cancer in Caucasians and African-Americans, separately. Direct sequencing of the PCR amplicon from genomic DNA was used for genotyping rs1800795 in all subjects [age-matched controls (N = 140) and prostate cancer patients (N = 164)]. Sample size and power was calculated using the PGA software. We found the GG genotype to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in Caucasian subjects, whereas the CC genotype was associated with increased risk in the African-American sample set. Such a dimorphic genotypic association with cancer and race is unique and suggests a complex gene-gene and gene-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Abebe
- Department of Mathematics, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Chaudhary
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kiyohara C, Horiuchi T, Takayama K, Nakanishi Y. Genetic polymorphisms involved in the inflammatory response and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Japan. Cytokine 2014; 65:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ryan BM, Zanetti KA, Robles AI, Schetter AJ, Goodman J, Hayes RB, Huang WY, Gunter MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Berndt SI, Harris CC. Germline variation in NCF4, an innate immunity gene, is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1399-407. [PMID: 23982929 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of colorectal adenoma and cancer; however, few key inflammatory genes mediating this relationship have been identified. In this study, we investigated the association of germline variation in innate immunity genes in relation to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Our study was based on the analysis of samples collected from the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. We investigated the association between 196 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 key innate immunity genes with risk of advanced colorectal adenoma and cancer in 719 adenoma cases, 481 cancer cases and 719 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After Bonferroni correction, the AG/GG genotype of rs5995355, which is upstream of NCF4, was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.73-3.39; p < 0.0001). NCF4 is part of the NAPDH complex, a key factor in biochemical pathways and the innate immune response. While not definitive, our analyses suggest that the variant allele does not affect expression of NCF4, but rather modulates activity of the NADPH complex. Additional studies on the functional consequences of rs5995355 in NCF4 may help to clarify the mechanistic link between inflammation and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Yao X, Huang J, Zhong H, Shen N, Faggioni R, Fung M, Yao Y. Targeting interleukin-6 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:125-39. [PMID: 24076269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with significant functions in the regulation of the immune system. As a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 plays a pivotal role in host defense against pathogens and acute stress. However, increased or deregulated expression of IL-6 significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the pathological roles of the IL-6 pathway in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Based on the rich body of studies on biological activities of IL-6 and its pathological roles, therapeutic strategies targeting the IL-6 pathway are in development for cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several anti-IL-6/IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies developed for targeted therapy have demonstrated promising results in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, is effective in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions notably rheumatoid arthritis. It is the only IL-6 pathway targeting agent approved by the regulatory agencies for clinical use. Siltuximab, an anti-IL-6 antibody, has been shown to have potential benefits treating various human cancers either as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. Several other anti-IL-6-based therapies are also under clinical development for various diseases. IL-6 antagonism has been shown to be a potential therapy for these disorders refractory to conventional drugs. New strategies, such as combination of IL-6 blockade with inhibition of other signaling pathways, may further improve IL-6-targeted immunotherapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Nan Shen
- Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yihong Yao
- MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Lindenau JD, Salzano FM, Guimarães LSP, Callegari-Jacques SM, Hurtado AM, Hill KR, Petzl-Erler ML, Tsuneto LT, Hutz MH. Distribution patterns of variability for 18 immune system genes in Amerindians - relationship with history and epidemiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 82:177-85. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Lindenau
- Departamento de Genética; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - F. M. Salzano
- Departamento de Genética; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - L. S. P. Guimarães
- Unidade de Epidemiologia e Estatística; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | | | - A. M. Hurtado
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ; USA
| | - K. R. Hill
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ; USA
| | - M. L. Petzl-Erler
- Departamento de Genética; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - L. T. Tsuneto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá; Brazil
| | - M. H. Hutz
- Departamento de Genética; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
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Carlberg C, Seuter S, de Mello VDF, Schwab U, Voutilainen S, Pulkki K, Nurmi T, Virtanen J, Tuomainen TP, Uusitupa M. Primary vitamin D target genes allow a categorization of possible benefits of vitamin D₃ supplementation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71042. [PMID: 23923049 PMCID: PMC3726591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of developing a number of diseases. Here we investigated samples from 71 pre-diabetic individuals of the VitDmet study, a 5-month high dose vitamin D3 intervention trial during Finnish winter, for their changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations and the expression of primary vitamin D target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue. A negative correlation between serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 25(OH)D3 suggested an overall normal physiological vitamin D response among the participants. The genes CD14 and thrombomodulin (THBD) are up-regulated primary vitamin D targets and showed to be suitable gene expression markers for vitamin D signaling in both primary tissues. However, in a ranking of the samples concerning their expected response to vitamin D only the top half showed a positive correlation between the changes of CD14 or THBD mRNA and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. Interestingly, this categorization allows unmasking a negative correlation between changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and the inflammation marker interleukin 6. We propose the genes CD14 and THBD as transcriptomic biomarkers, from which the effects of a vitamin D3 supplementation can be evaluated. These biomarkers allow the classification of subjects into those, who might benefit from a vitamin D3 supplementation, and others who do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Chang CM, Chia VM, Gunter MJ, Zanetti KA, Ryan BM, Goodman JE, Harris CC, Weissfeld J, Huang WY, Chanock S, Yeager M, Hayes RB, Berndt SI. Innate immunity gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2512-20. [PMID: 23803696 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited variation in genes that regulate innate immunity and inflammation may contribute to colorectal neoplasia risk. To evaluate this association, we conducted a nested case-control study of 451 colorectal cancer cases, 694 colorectal advanced adenoma cases and 696 controls of European descent within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A total of 935 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 98 genes were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association with colorectal neoplasia. Sixteen SNPs were associated with colorectal neoplasia risk at P < 0.01, but after adjustment for multiple testing, only rs2838732 (ITGB2) remained suggestively associated with colorectal neoplasia (OR(per T allele) = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.83, P = 7.7 × 10(-5), adjusted P = 0.07). ITGB2 codes for the CD18 protein in the integrin beta chain family. The ITGB2 association was stronger for colorectal cancer (OR(per T allele) = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.55, P = 2.4 × 10(-) (9)) than for adenoma (OR(per T allele) = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.69-1.03, P = 0.08), but it did not replicate in the validation study. The ITGB2 rs2838732 association was significantly modified by smoking status (P value for interaction = 0.003). Among never and former smokers, it was inversely associated with colorectal neoplasia (OR(per T allele) = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.37-0.69 and OR(per T allele) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95, respectively), but no association was seen among current smokers. Other notable findings were observed for SNPs in BPI/LBP and MYD88. Although the results need to be replicated, our findings suggest that genetic variation in inflammation-related genes may be related to the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Chang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Adams SV, Ahnen DJ, Baron JA, Campbell PT, Gallinger S, Grady WM, LeMarchand L, Lindor NM, Potter JD, Newcomb PA. Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3241-3248. [PMID: 23745025 PMCID: PMC3671075 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i21.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC.
METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined.
RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records.
CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC.
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Moriasi C, Subramaniam D, Awasthi S, Ramalingam S, Anant S. Prevention of colitis-associated cancer: natural compounds that target the IL-6 soluble receptor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 12:1221-38. [PMID: 22583410 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803833080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a growing body of evidence shows the critical role of interleukin (IL-6) in this process. IL-6 is both a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine whose effects are mediated through activation of STAT3. Recent studies have also demonstrated that IL-6 trans-signaling through its soluble receptor occurs in IBD and cancer. IL-6 trans-signaling therefore is emerging as an attractive approach to diminish the inflammatory signals in conditions of chronic inflammation. The purpose of cancer chemoprevention is to either delay the onset or progression from precancerous lesions. Natural compounds because of their low toxicity render themselves excellent candidates that can be administered over the lifetime of an individual. With the focus of managing IBD over a long time and preventing onset of colitis-associated cancer, we believe that there should be increased research focus on identifying chemopreventive compounds that can render themselves to long term use possibly for the lifetime of predisposed individuals. Here, we review the role of IL-6 signaling in IBD and colitis-associated cancer and underscore the importance of searching for natural compounds that would target the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway as a way to diminish chronic inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and possibly hamper the progression to colon cancer. We propose that effective screening and identification of natural chemopreventive compounds that target IL-6 trans-signaling has important implications for the development of optimal strategies against cancer development triggered by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Moriasi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Stone K, Woods E, Szmania SM, Stephens OW, Garg TK, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy JD, Hall B, Reddy M, Hoering A, Hansen E, van Rhee F. Interleukin-6 receptor polymorphism is prevalent in HIV-negative Castleman Disease and is associated with increased soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54610. [PMID: 23372742 PMCID: PMC3553080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicentric Castleman Disease is largely driven by increased signaling in the pathway for the plasma cell growth factor interleukin-6. We hypothesized that interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor/gp130 polymorphisms contribute to increased interleukin-6 and/or other components of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway in HIV-negative Castleman Disease patients. The study group was composed of 58 patients and 50 healthy donors of a similar racial/ethnic profile. Of seven polymorphisms chosen for analysis, we observed an increased frequency between patients and controls of the minor allele of interleukin-6 receptor polymorphism rs4537545, which is in linkage disequilibrium with interleukin-6 receptor polymorphism rs2228145. Further, individuals possessing at least one copy of the minor allele of either polymorphism expressed higher levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor. These elevated interleukin-6 receptor levels may contribute to increased interleukin-6 activity through the trans-signaling pathway. These data suggest that interleukin-6 receptor polymorphism may be a contributing factor in Castleman Disease, and further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Stone
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Emily Woods
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Susann M. Szmania
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Owen W. Stephens
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Tarun K. Garg
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Bart Barlogie
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | - Brett Hall
- Janssen Research and Development, Radnor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manjula Reddy
- Janssen Research and Development, Radnor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Antje Hoering
- Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emily Hansen
- Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Vaughn CB, Ochs-Balcom HM, Nie J, Chen Z, Thompson CL, Tracy R, Li L. No Association between Circulating Levels and Genetic Variants of IL-6 and TNF-α and Colon Adenoma. Gastroenterology Res 2013; 6. [PMID: 24235998 PMCID: PMC3825207 DOI: 10.4021/gr529w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), two important inflammatory cytokines, have been inconsistently associated with risk of colon neoplasia in epidemiological studies. However, research to date has not adequately assessed whether race-specific differences may exist in associations between biomarkers and genetic variants of these cytokines and colorectal adenoma - the precursor lesions of colorectal cancer. We sought to determine whether circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, or genetic polymorphisms in IL-6and TNF-α were associated with colon adenoma and if so, whether that association differed by race. Methods We analyzed the associations of circulating levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-6 and TNF-α with risk of colon adenomas in a colonoscopy -based case-control study of 401 incident adenoma cases and 1,050 controls. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for levels or genotypes (log additive models) of IL-6 and TNF-α. Results Compared to the bottom tertile of IL-6, the adjusted ORs were 1.06 (0.75 - 1.44) and 1.01 (0.72 - 1.40), respectively for the 2nd and 3rd tertiles (Ptrend = 0.10); the corresponding ORs for TNF-α were: 0.85 (0.63 - 1.15) and 1.01 (0.75 - 1.36), respectively (Ptrend = 0.39). Race-stratified analyses did not reveal any significant associations. There were also no statistically significant associations between IL-6 and TNF-α SNPs and colon adenoma. Conclusions Our results do not support pre-diagnostic levels of IL-6, TNF-α or their genetic variants as significant risk factors for the development of colon adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caila B Vaughn
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Guthrie GJK, Roxburgh CSD, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. Does interleukin-6 link explain the link between tumour necrosis, local and systemic inflammatory responses and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer? Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:89-96. [PMID: 22858249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated inflammation has been identified as a key determinant of disease progression and survival in colorectal cancer. In particular, it has been consistently reported that both the local and systemic inflammatory responses play an important role in determining outcome in colorectal cancer. Given the importance of cancer-associated inflammation, up-regulation or attenuation of these respective inflammatory responses may be important for progression and survival in colorectal cancer. Recent work has focused on the inter-relationships between the tumour and these key inflammatory processes. In particular, tumour necrosis has been reported to be associated with decreased local inflammatory infiltrate and with elevated markers of systemic inflammation in colorectal cancer and has been proposed as a potential link between the systemic and local inflammatory responses. Thus there is increasing interest in the potential biochemical mediators of this link. In this review we examine the evidence for IL-6 in the natural history of colorectal cancer and its relationship with tumour necrosis and the local and systemic inflammatory responses. There is now good evidence that tumour concentrations of IL-6 have been directly associated with increased necrosis, proliferation, differentiation and vascular invasion, while circulating concentrations of IL-6 are directly associated with T-stage, CRP concentrations and poorer survival. Also, interleukin-6 and down-stream pathways, such as the JAK/STAT pathway, have emerged as important factors in the modulation of cancer-associated inflammation. Therefore, IL-6 has emerged as a key mediator of the relationship between tumour necrosis, local and systemic inflammatory responses and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J K Guthrie
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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50
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Pradhan MP, Prasad NKA, Palakal MJ. A systems biology approach to the global analysis of transcription factors in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:331. [PMID: 22852817 PMCID: PMC3539921 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological entities do not perform in isolation, and often, it is the nature and degree of interactions among numerous biological entities which ultimately determines any final outcome. Hence, experimental data on any single biological entity can be of limited value when considered only in isolation. To address this, we propose that augmenting individual entity data with the literature will not only better define the entity’s own significance but also uncover relationships with novel biological entities. To test this notion, we developed a comprehensive text mining and computational methodology that focused on discovering new targets of one class of molecular entities, transcription factors (TF), within one particular disease, colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We used 39 molecular entities known to be associated with CRC along with six colorectal cancer terms as the bait list, or list of search terms, for mining the biomedical literature to identify CRC-specific genes and proteins. Using the literature-mined data, we constructed a global TF interaction network for CRC. We then developed a multi-level, multi-parametric methodology to identify TFs to CRC. Results The small bait list, when augmented with literature-mined data, identified a large number of biological entities associated with CRC. The relative importance of these TF and their associated modules was identified using functional and topological features. Additional validation of these highly-ranked TF using the literature strengthened our findings. Some of the novel TF that we identified were: SLUG, RUNX1, IRF1, HIF1A, ATF-2, ABL1, ELK-1 and GATA-1. Some of these TFs are associated with functional modules in known pathways of CRC, including the Beta-catenin/development, immune response, transcription, and DNA damage pathways. Conclusions Our methodology of using text mining data and a multi-level, multi-parameter scoring technique was able to identify both known and novel TF that have roles in CRC. Starting with just one TF (SMAD3) in the bait list, the literature mining process identified an additional 116 CRC-associated TFs. Our network-based analysis showed that these TFs all belonged to any of 13 major functional groups that are known to play important roles in CRC. Among these identified TFs, we obtained a novel six-node module consisting of ATF2-P53-JNK1-ELK1-EPHB2-HIF1A, from which the novel JNK1-ELK1 association could potentially be a significant marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta P Pradhan
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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