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Ferreira T, Faustino-Rocha AI, Gaspar VM, Medeiros R, Mano JF, Oliveira PA. Contribution of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to breast cancer treatment: In vitro and in vivo studies. Vet World 2024; 17:1052-1072. [PMID: 38911075 PMCID: PMC11188899 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1052-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. High levels of serum prostaglandin E2 and tissue overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have been described in breast, urinary, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers as being involved in tumor initiation, promotion, progression, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for several medical conditions to not only decrease pain and fever but also reduce inflammation by inhibiting COX and its product synthesis. To date, significant efforts have been made to better understand and clarify the interplay between cancer development, inflammation, and NSAIDs with a view toward addressing their potential for cancer management. This review provides readers with an overview of the potential use of NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment, highlighting pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies employed to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs and their use in combination with other antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora 7004-516, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, 7004–516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Research, Portuguese League against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200–177 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, IPO Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto 4249-004, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Abubakar M, Ahearn TU, Duggan MA, Lawrence S, Adjei E, Clegg-Lamptey JN, Yarney J, Wiafe-Addai B, Awuah B, Wiafe S, Nyarko K, Aitpillah F, Ansong D, Hewitt SM, Brinton LA, Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Edusei L, Titiloye N. Associations of breast cancer etiologic factors with stromal microenvironment of primary invasive breast cancers in the Ghana Breast Health Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2791342. [PMID: 37090574 PMCID: PMC10120782 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2791342/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Emerging data suggest that beyond the neoplastic parenchyma, the stromal microenvironment (SME) impacts tumor biology, including aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and response to treatment. However, the epidemiological determinants of SME biology remain poorly understood, more so among women of African ancestry who are disproportionately affected by aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Methods Within the Ghana Breast Health Study, a population-based case-control study in Ghana, we applied high-accuracy machine-learning algorithms to characterize biologically-relevant SME phenotypes, including tumor-stroma ratio (TSR (%); a metric of connective tissue stroma to tumor ratio) and tumor-associated stromal cellular density (Ta-SCD (%); a tissue biomarker that is reminiscent of chronic inflammation and wound repair response in breast cancer), on digitized H&E-stained sections from 792 breast cancer patients aged 17-84 years. Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariable linear regression models were used to test associations between established breast cancer risk factors, tumor characteristics, and SME phenotypes. Results Decreasing TSR and increasing Ta-SCD were strongly associated with aggressive, mostly high grade tumors (p-value < 0.001). Several etiologic factors were associated with Ta-SCD, but not TSR. Compared with nulliparous women [mean (standard deviation) = 28.9% (7.1%)], parous women [mean (standard deviation) = 31.3% (7.6%)] had statistically significantly higher levels of Ta-SCD (p-value = 0.01). Similarly, women with a positive family history of breast cancer [FHBC; mean (standard deviation) = 33.0% (7.5%)] had higher levels of Ta-SCD than those with no FHBC [mean (standard deviation) = 30.9% (7.6%); p-value = 0.01]. Conversely, increasing body size was associated with decreasing Ta-SCD [mean (standard deviation) = 32.0% (7.4%), 31.3% (7.3%), and 29.0% (8.0%) for slight, moderate, and large body sizes, respectively, p-value = 0.005]. These associations persisted and remained statistically significantly associated with Ta-SCD in mutually-adjusted multivariable linear regression models (p-value < 0.05). With the exception of body size, which was differentially associated with Ta-SCD by grade levels (p-heterogeneity = 0.04), associations between risk factors and Ta-SCD were not modified by tumor characteristics. Conclusions Our findings raise the possibility that epidemiological factors may act via the SME to impact both risk and biology of breast cancers in this population, underscoring the need for more population-based research into the role of SME in multi-state breast carcinogenesis.
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Na H, Song Y, Lee HW. Emphasis on Adipocyte Transformation: Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Prevent the Development of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020502. [PMID: 36672449 PMCID: PMC9856688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the various cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), adipocytes undergo a dynamic transformation when activated by neighboring cancer cells. Although these adipocytes, known as cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), have been reported to play a crucial role in tumor progression, the factors that mediate their transformation remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that inflammatory signals involving NF-ĸB activation can induce lipolysis and adipocyte dedifferentiation. This provides a mechanistic understanding of CAA formation and introduces the concept of preventing adipocyte transformation via anti-inflammatory agents. Indeed, epidemiological studies indicate a higher efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in obese patients with cancer, suggesting that NSAIDs can modulate the TME. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin production leads to the suppression of inflammatory signals such as NF-ĸB. Thus, we suggest the use of NSAIDs in cancer patients with metabolic disorders to prevent the transformation of TME components. Moreover, throughout this review, we attempt to expand our knowledge of CAA transformation to improve the clinical feasibility of targeting CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaechan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Gemcro Corporation, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-7642
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Imai A, Horinaka M, Aono Y, Iizumi Y, Takakura H, Ono H, Yasuda S, Taniguchi K, Nishimoto E, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Sakai T. Salicylic acid directly binds to ribosomal protein S3 and suppresses CDK4 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 628:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ma S, Guo C, Sun C, Han T, Zhang H, Qu G, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Sun Y. Aspirin Use and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies from 1989 to 2019. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:552-565. [PMID: 33741292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence shows that aspirin can reduce the morbidity and mortality of different cancers, including breast cancer. Aspirin has become a new focus of cancer prevention and treatment research at present, however, clinical studies found conflicting conclusions of its anticancer characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in 8 electronic databases. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random effects model to estimate the effect of aspirin on breast cancer. RESULTS Forty-two published articles with 99,769 patients were identified. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease in breast cancer risk with aspirin use (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; I2 = 72%). Aspirin use decreased the risk of hormone receptor-positive tumors (estrogen receptor [ER]-positive RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97; I2=54%; progesterone receptor [PR]-positive RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; I2=32%; ER- and PR-positive RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-1.00; I2=45%) and reduced the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98; I2=59%). Further analysis showed that for the in situ breast cancer, regular-dose and more than 3 years use of aspirin were associated with the reduced risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that aspirin may reduce the overall risk of breast cancer, reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, hormone receptor-positive tumors, and in situ breast cancer. Larger, multicenter clinical studies are needed to find the optimal dose range, frequency, and duration of the aspirin use to explore the best benefit-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Cijuan Guo
- Nursing Department, First People's Hospital of Suzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuemeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many epidemiologic studies were performed to clarify the protective effect of regular aspirin use on breast cancer risks, but the results remain inconsistent. Here, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of 38 studies to quantitatively assess the association of regular aspirin use with risk of breast cancer. METHOD We performed a bibliographic database search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 1939 to December 2019. Relative risk (RR) estimates were extracted from eligible case-control and cohort studies and pooled using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study design, aspirin exposure assessment, hormone receptor status, menopausal status, cancer stage as well as aspirin use duration or frequency. Furthermore, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. RESULTS Thirty eight studies of 1,926,742 participants involving 97,099 breast cancer cases contributed to this meta-analysis. Compared with nonusers, the aspirin users had a reduced risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.95, P value of significance [Psig] < .001) with heterogeneity (P value of heterogeneity [Phet] < .001, I = 82.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed a reduced risk in case-control studies (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.89, Psig < .001), in hormone receptor positive tumors (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.94, Psig < .001), in situ breast tumors (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88, Psig < .001), and in postmenopausal women (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, Psig = .002). Furthermore, participants who use aspirin for >4 times/wk (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, Psig = .003) or for >10 years (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, Psig = .025) appeared to benefit more from the reduction in breast cancer caused by aspirin. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that aspirin use might be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly for reducing the risk of hormone receptor positive tumors or in situ breast tumors, and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Alday-Parejo B, Richard F, Wörthmüller J, Rau T, Galván JA, Desmedt C, Santamaria-Martinez A, Rüegg C. MAGI1, a New Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010223. [PMID: 31963297 PMCID: PMC7016640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) with inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI1) is an intracellular adaptor protein that stabilizes epithelial junctions consistent with a tumor suppressive function in several cancers of epithelial origin. Here we report, based on experimental results and human breast cancer (BC) patients’ gene expression data, that MAGI1 is highly expressed and acts as tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor (ER)+/HER2− but not in HER2+ or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Within the ER+/HER2− subset, high MAGI1 expression associates with ESR1 and luminal genes GATA3 and FOXA1 expression and better prognosis, while low MAGI1 levels correlates with higher histological grade, more aggressive phenotype and worse prognosis. Experimentally, MAGI1 downregulation in the ER+ human BC cells MCF7 impairs ER expression and signaling, promotes cell proliferation, and reduces apoptosis and epithelial differentiation. MAGI1 downregulation in the ER+ murine BC cell line 67NR accelerates primary tumor growth and enhances experimental lung metastasis formation. MAGI1 expression is upregulated by estrogen/ER, downregulated by prostaglandin E2/COX-2axis, and negatively correlates with inflammation in ER+/HER2− BC patients. Taken together, we show that MAGI1 is a new potential tumor suppressor in ER+/HER2− breast cancer with possible prognostic value for the identification of patients at high-risk of relapse within this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Alday-Parejo
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (B.A.-P.); (J.W.)
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Janine Wörthmüller
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (B.A.-P.); (J.W.)
| | - Tilman Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.R.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.R.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martinez
- Tumor Ecology Laboratory, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (B.A.-P.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (C.R.)
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Langsten KL, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Dewhirst M, Modiano JF. Comparative Approach to the Temporo-Spatial Organization of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1185. [PMID: 31788448 PMCID: PMC6854022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex ecosystem in which tumor cells reside and interact, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), encompasses all cells and components associated with a neoplasm that are not transformed cells. Interactions between tumor cells and the TME are complex and fluid, with each facet coercing the other, largely, into promoting tumor progression. While the TME in humans is relatively well-described, a compilation and comparison of the TME in our canine counterparts has not yet been described. As is the case in humans, dog tumors exhibit greater heterogeneity than what is appreciated in laboratory animal models, although the current level of knowledge on similarities and differences in the TME between dogs and humans, and the practical implications of that information, require further investigation. This review summarizes some of the complexities of the human and mouse TME and interjects with what is known in the dog, relaying the information in the context of the temporo-spatial organization of the TME. To the authors' knowledge, the development of the TME over space and time has not been widely discussed, and a comprehensive review of the canine TME has not been done. The specific topics covered in this review include cellular invasion and interactions within the TME, metabolic derangements in the TME and vascular invasion, and the involvement of the TME in tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall L Langsten
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Cancer Prevention and Cancer Promotion. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:3418975. [PMID: 30838040 PMCID: PMC6374867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3418975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed by medical practitioners in many clinical conditions for the symptomatic treatment of pain and fever. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, these drugs have been investigated for their anticancer effects in numerous studies. This is because chronic inflammation has long been linked to carcinogenesis. As such, anti-inflammatory drugs are believed to play a role in cancer treatment and prevention. In the past few decades, research has shown that NSAIDs may decrease the risk of certain types of cancer. However, there is also a growing body of research that proves the contrary. Furthermore, NSAIDs are well known for many side effects, including some life-threatening ones. This review will discuss the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer, the role of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and cancer promotion, and some of the potentially lethal side effects of these drugs.
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Non-hormonal Chemoprevention. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The impact of aspirin use on breast cancer subtype and clinical course. J Surg Res 2018; 230:71-79. [PMID: 30100043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of aspirin has been associated with improved survival in patients with breast cancer, but the results have been mixed. We aim to analyze the impact of aspirin use before or after breast cancer diagnosis on breast cancer clinical characteristics and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-institution, retrospective analysis of 1113 women diagnosed with operable breast cancer between 1995 and 2015. Patients were grouped according to their aspirin use: never (944), before diagnosis (79), and after diagnosis (90). Clinical variables, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between groups. RESULTS Women using aspirin before diagnosis were older, more likely to be black, and to have associated medical comorbidities than patients in other groups (all P <0.001). These patients were also more likely to present with hormone receptor-negative cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.002). Aspirin use before diagnosis was associated with a worse OS in univariate and multivariate analyses (both P <0.001), but there were no other differences in OS or DFS related to aspirin use. CONCLUSIONS Despite a potential impact on tumor subtype in patients using aspirin before their breast cancer diagnosis, aspirin use does not appear to alter breast cancer-related survival.
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Ma Q, Gao Y, Wei DF, Jiang NH, Ding L, He X, Wei L, Zhang JW. The effects of celecoxib on the proliferation and ultrastructural changes of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:289-294. [PMID: 29668331 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1459996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of celecoxib on the proliferation and morphological changes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. In this study, after MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with a certain concentration of celecoxib, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation assay was used to detect cell viability. Western blotting was utilized to analyze the expression level of caspase-3, which is an apoptosis-related protein. In addition, the morphological changes in the cells and nuclei were determined with fluorescence and electron microscope. Apoptotic nuclei and obvious cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed with a microscope. Collectively, celecoxib can inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by increasing caspase-3 expression and causing ultrastructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yang Gao
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - De-Fei Wei
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Nan-Hui Jiang
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Liang Ding
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xin He
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Lei Wei
- b Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- a Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Callahan CL, Bonner MR, Nie J, Han D, Wang Y, Tao MH, Shields PG, Marian C, Eng KH, Trevisan M, Beyea J, Freudenheim JL. Lifetime exposure to ambient air pollution and methylation of tumor suppressor genes in breast tumors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:418-424. [PMID: 29197760 PMCID: PMC5747980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported increased risk of breast cancer associated with early life exposure to two measures of air pollution exposure, total suspended particulates (TSP) and traffic emissions (TE), possible proxies for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure to PAHs has been shown to be associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. Exposure to PAHs and methylation in breast tumor tissue has received little attention. We examined the association of early life exposure to TSP and TE with patterns of DNA methylation in breast tumors. METHODS We conducted a study of women enrolled in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study. Methylation of nine genes (SFN, SCGB3A1, RARB, GSTP1, CDKN2A CCND2, BRCA1, FHIT, and SYK) was assessed using bisulfite-based pyrosequencing. TSP exposure at each woman's home address at birth, menarche, and when she had her first child was estimated. TE exposure was modeled for each woman's residence at menarche, her first birth, and twenty and ten years prior to diagnosis. Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) of having methylation greater than the median value, adjusting for age, secondhand smoke exposure before age 20, current smoking status, and estrogen receptor status. RESULTS Exposure to higher TSP at a woman's first birth was associated with lower methylation of SCGB3A1 (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.99) and higher methylation of SYK (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.03-3.35). TE at menarche was associated with increased methylation of SYK (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.05-5.33). TE at first birth and ten years prior to diagnosis was associated with decreased methylation of CCND2 (OR ten years prior to diagnosis=0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.89). Although these associations were nominally significant, none were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We observed suggestive evidence that exposure to ambient air pollution throughout life, measured as TSP and TE, may be associated with DNA methylation of some tumor suppressor genes in breast tumor tissue. Future studies with a larger sample size that assess methylation of more sites are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Callahan
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Youjin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Meng-Hua Tao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Peter G Shields
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catalin Marian
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine an Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | | | - Jan Beyea
- Consulting in the Public Interest, Lambertville, NJ, United States
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Low-dose Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Selective COX-2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Recurrence. Epidemiology 2018; 27:586-93. [PMID: 27007644 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and selective COX-2 inhibitors may improve outcomes in breast cancer patients. We investigated the association of aspirin, NSAIDs, and use of selective COX-2 inhibitors with breast cancer recurrence. METHODS We identified incident stage I-III Danish breast cancer patients in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group registry, who were diagnosed during 1996-2008. Prescriptions for aspirin (>99% low-dose aspirin), NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors were ascertained from the National Prescription Registry. Follow-up began on the date of breast cancer primary surgery and continued until the first of recurrence, death, emigration, or 1 January 2013. We used Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associating prescriptions with recurrence, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS We identified 34,188 breast cancer patients with 233,130 person-years of follow-up. Median follow-up was 7.1 years; 5,325 patients developed recurrent disease. Use of aspirin, NSAIDs, or selective COX-2 inhibitors was not associated with the rate of recurrence (HRadjusted aspirin = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.90, 1.1; NSAIDs = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.1; selective COX-2 inhibitors = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.2), relative to nonuse. Prediagnostic use of the exposure drugs was associated with reduced recurrence rates (HRaspirin = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82, 1.0; HRNSAIDs = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81, 0.91; HRsCOX-2inhibitors = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83, 0.95). CONCLUSIONS This prospective cohort study suggests that post diagnostic prescriptions for aspirin, NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors have little or no association with the rate of breast cancer recurrence. Prediagnostic use of the drugs was, however, associated with a reduced rate of breast cancer recurrence.
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Clarke CA, Canchola AJ, Moy LM, Neuhausen SL, Chung NT, Lacey JV, Bernstein L. Regular and low-dose aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and prospective risk of HER2-defined breast cancer: the California Teachers Study. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:52. [PMID: 28460643 PMCID: PMC5410689 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular users of aspirin may have reduced risk of breast cancer. Few studies have addressed whether risk reduction pertains to specific breast cancer subtypes defined jointly by hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. This study assessed the prospective risk of breast cancer (overall and by subtype) according to use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) in a cohort of female public school professionals in California. METHODS In 1995 - 1996, participants in the California Teachers Study completed a baseline questionnaire on family history of cancer and other conditions, use of NSAIDs, menstrual and reproductive history, self-reported weight and height, living environment, diet, alcohol use, and physical activity. In 2005-2006, 57,164 participants provided some updated information, including use of NSAIDs and 1457 of these participants developed invasive breast cancer before January 2013. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models provided hazard rate ratios (HRR) for the association between NSAID use and risk of invasive breast cancer as well as hormone receptor- and HER2-defined subtypes. RESULTS Developing breast cancer was associated inversely with taking three or more tablets of low-dose aspirin per week (23% of participants). Among women reporting this exposure, the HRR was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.98) compared to those not taking NSAIDs and this was particularly evident in women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype (HRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.96). Use of three or more tablets of "other" NSAIDs was marginally associated with lower risk of breast cancer (HRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.00). Other associations with NSAIDs were generally null. CONCLUSION Our observation of reduced risk of breast cancer, among participants who took three or more tablets of low-dose aspirin weekly, is consistent with other reports looking at aspirin without differentiation by dose. This is the first report to suggest that the reduction in risk occurs for low-dose aspirin and not for regular-dose aspirin and only among women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype. This preliminary study builds on previous knowledge and further supports the need for formal cancer chemoprevention studies of low-dose aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave. Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538 USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy and the Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 150 Governor’s Lane, HRP Redwood Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alison J. Canchola
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave. Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538 USA
| | - Lisa M. Moy
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave. Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538 USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Nadia T. Chung
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - James V. Lacey
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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Wood ME, Sprague BL, Oustimov A, Synnstvedt MB, Cuke M, Conant EF, Kontos D. Aspirin use is associated with lower mammographic density in a large screening cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:419-425. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Micallef D, Micallef S, Schembri-Wismayer P, Calleja-Agius J. Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2016; 17:214-223. [PMID: 27990091 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that commonly prescribed drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, and statins, may have beneficial roles in the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer. Therefore, these drugs could potentially be used in addition to the hormonal drugs currently used for this purpose (namely, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors) due to their alternative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Micallef
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Sarah Micallef
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Pierre Schembri-Wismayer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
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18
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Moris D, Kontos M, Spartalis E, Fentiman IS. The Role of NSAIDs in Breast Cancer Prevention and Relapse: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:339-344. [PMID: 27920627 DOI: 10.1159/000452315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have received considerable interest as potential chemopreventive agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated knowledge on the effect of NSAIDs on breast cancer incidence and natural history, and the underlying pathophysiology. NSAIDs mainly block inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to lower prostaglandin synthesis. The latter has been reported to affect breast cancer risk through hormonal and inflammation-related pathways. Intensity, dose, frequency, duration, and timing of administration may also be significant. There is currently enough evidence to support a role of NSAIDs in breast cancer prevention and relapse, which deserves further large-scale experimental and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Kontos
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Fentiman
- Research Oncology, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Callahan CL, Wang Y, Marian C, Weng DY, Eng KH, Tao MH, Ambrosone CB, Nie J, Trevisan M, Smiraglia D, Edge SB, Shields PG, Freudenheim JL. DNA methylation and breast tumor clinicopathological features: The Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) study. Epigenetics 2016; 11:643-652. [PMID: 27245195 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1192735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between methylation of 9 genes, SCGB3A1, GSTP1, RARB, SYK, FHIT, CDKN2A, CCND2, BRCA1, and SFN in tumor samples from 720 breast cancer cases with clinicopathological features of the tumors and survival. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of methylation and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between methylation and breast cancer related mortality. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were associated with increased SCGB3A1 methylation among pre- and post-menopausal cases. Among premenopausal women, compared with Stage 0 cases, cases of invasive cancer were more likely to have increased methylation of RARB (Stage I OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.1-19.0; Stage IIA/IIB OR = 9.7, 95% CI: 2.4-39.9; Stage III/IV OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.1-29.4) and lower methylation of FHIT (Stage I OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; Stage IIA/IIB OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8; Stage III/IV OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.1-3.4). Among postmenopausal women, methylation of SYK was associated with increased tumor size (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.7) and higher nuclear grade (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.6). Associations between methylation and breast cancer related mortality were observed among pre- but not post-menopausal women. Methylation of SCGB3A1 was associated with reduced risk of death from breast cancer (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.99) as was BRCA1 (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16-0.97). CCND2 methylation was associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality (HR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-10.5). We observed differences in methylation associated with tumor characteristics; methylation of these genes was also associated with breast cancer survival among premenopausal cases. Understanding of the associations of DNA methylation with other clinicopathological features may have implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Callahan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Youjin Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Catalin Marian
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara , Timisoara , Romania
| | - Daniel Y Weng
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- d Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Meng-Hua Tao
- e Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth , TX , USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- f Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Jing Nie
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | | | - Dominic Smiraglia
- h Department of Cancer Genetics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Stephen B Edge
- i Department of Healthcare Outcomes and Policy , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Peter G Shields
- b Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , College of Medicine and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- a Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health , School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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20
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Kochel TJ, Goloubeva OG, Fulton AM. Upregulation of Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) Pathway Member Multiple Drug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4) and Downregulation of Prostaglandin Transporter (PGT) and 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 10:61-70. [PMID: 27257388 PMCID: PMC4881873 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s38529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are indicators of a poor prognosis in breast cancer. Using several independent publicly available breast cancer gene expression databases, we investigated other members of the PGE2 pathway. PGE2 is produced by COX-2 and actively exported by multiple drug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) into the extracellular microenvironment, where PGE2 can bind four cognate EP receptors (EP1–EP4) and initiate diverse biological signaling pathways. Alternatively, PGE2 is imported via the prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and metabolized by 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH/HPGD). We made the novel observation that MRP4, PGT, and 15-PGDH are differentially expressed among distinct breast cancer molecular subtypes; this finding was confirmed in independent datasets. In triple-negative breast cancer, the observed gene expression pattern (high COX-2, high MRP4, low PGT, and low 15-PGDH) would favor high levels of tumor-promoting PGE2 in the tumor microenvironment that may contribute to the overall poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kochel
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy M Fulton
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kim S, Shore DL, Wilson LE, Sanniez EI, Kim JH, Taylor JA, Sandler DP. Lifetime use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective study of women with a sister with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:960. [PMID: 26673874 PMCID: PMC4682256 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to inhibit several pathways in experimental models of breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiological evidence remains insufficient to support their use for breast cancer prevention. We examined the association between use of NSAIDs and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort. Methods The Sister Study is a prospective cohort study of women who had a sister(s) with breast cancer. As of December 2013, 2118 incident breast cancers were ascertained from 50,884 women enrolled between 2003 and 2009. Lifetime history of NSAID use was estimated from self-reported data in pill-years, with 1 pill per week for a year equivalent to 1 pill-year. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer in relation to pill-years of use for different NSAIDs, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results In the full cohort, although there was some evidence that use of non-aspirin, non-COXib NSAIDs was associated with lower breast cancer risk, there was little evidence of overall association for most categories of NSAID use. Among postmenopausal women NSAID use was not associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. However, among premenopausal women there was significantly reduced risk for any NSAID (HR4vs1 = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.87) and specifically for aspirin (HR4vs1 = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.98), with small, but non-significant reductions in risk for other drug classes. Conclusion Women with a sister with breast cancer are themselves at increased risk and might benefit the most from chemoprevention. Although there was little evidence of protective effect from NSAIDs in the overall cohort of women or among the subset who are postmenopausal, there is intriguing evidence that NSAID use, particularly aspirin, may reduce risk among premenopausal women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1979-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Kim
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Medicine-Section of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University GRU Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | | | - Lauren E Wilson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Jae H Kim
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Medicine-Section of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University GRU Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27599, USA.
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22
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Tao MH, Dai Q, Millen AE, Nie J, Edge SB, Trevisan M, Shields PG, Freudenheim JL. Associations of intakes of magnesium and calcium and survival among women with breast cancer: results from Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 6:105-113. [PMID: 27073728 PMCID: PMC4759402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) antagonizes each other in (re) absorption, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and many other physiologic activities. However, few studies have investigated the association between magnesium and calcium intakes and breast cancer survival, and the interaction between calcium and magnesium intake. In a cohort of 1,170 women with primary, incident, and histologically confirmed breast cancer from Western New York State, we examined the relationship between intakes of these two minerals and survival. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Mean follow-up time was 87.4 months after breast cancer diagnosis; there were 170 deaths identified. After adjustment for known prognostic factors, and intakes of energy, total vitamin D and total calcium, higher dietary intake of magnesium was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.28-0.90 for highest vs. lowest tertile; p trend = 0.02). Likewise, a marginal association was found for total Magnesium intake from foods and supplements combined (HR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.31-1.08; p trend = 0.09). The inverse association of higher total magnesium intake with all-cause mortality was primarily presented among postmenopausal women and was stronger among women who had a high Ca:Mg intake ratio (>2.59). There were no clear associations for prognosis with intake of calcium. We found that magnesium intake alone may improve overall survival following breast cancer, and the association may be stronger among those with high Ca:Mg intake ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Tao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, University of VanderbiltNashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | | | - Peter G Shields
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Kastrati I, Litosh VA, Zhao S, Alvarez M, Thatcher GRJ, Frasor J. A novel aspirin prodrug inhibits NFκB activity and breast cancer stem cell properties. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:845. [PMID: 26530254 PMCID: PMC4632459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways can promote breast tumor initiation, growth, and progression to drug resistance and metastasis. Thus, anti-inflammatory drugs have been widely explored as chemopreventive and antineoplastic agents. Aspirin (ASA), in particular, is associated with reduced breast cancer incidence but gastrointestinal toxicity has limited its usefulness. To improve potency and minimize toxicity, ASA ester prodrugs have been developed, in which the carboxylic acid of ASA is masked and ancillary pharmacophores can be incorporated. To date, the effects of ASA and ASA prodrugs have been largely attributed to COX inhibition and reduced prostaglandin production. However, ASA has also been reported to inhibit the NFκB pathway at very high doses. Whether ASA prodrugs can inhibit NFκB signaling remains relatively unexplored. METHODS A library of ASA prodrugs was synthesized and screened for inhibition of NFκB activity and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties, an important PGE2-and NFκB-dependent phenotype of aggressive breast cancers. Inhibition of NFκB activity was determined by dual luciferase assay, RT-QPCR, p65 DNA binding activity and Western blots. Inhibition of CSC properties was determined by mammosphere growth, CD44(+)CD24(-)immunophenotype and tumorigenicity at limiting dilution. RESULTS While we identified multiple ASA prodrugs that are capable of inhibiting the NFκB pathway, several were associated with cytotoxicity. Of particular interest was GTCpFE, an ASA prodrug with fumarate as the ancillary pharmacophore. This prodrug potently inhibits NFκB activity without innate cytotoxicity. In addition, GTCpFE exhibited selective anti-CSC activity by reducing mammosphere growth and the CD44(+)CD24(-)immunophenotype. Moreover, GTCpFE pre-treated cells were less tumorigenic and, when tumors did form, latency was increased and growth rate was reduced. Structure-activity relationships for GTCpFE indicate that fumarate, within the context of an ASA prodrug, is essential for anti-NFκB activity, whereas both the ASA and fumarate moieties contributed to attenuated mammosphere growth. CONCLUSIONS These results establish GTCpFE as a prototype for novel ASA-and fumarate-based anti-inflammatory drugs that: (i) are capable of targeting CSCs, and (ii) may be developed as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irida Kastrati
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, E202 MSB, MC901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Litosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, E202 MSB, MC901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Manuel Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, E202 MSB, MC901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, E202 MSB, MC901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Zhong S, Chen L, Zhang X, Yu D, Tang J, Zhao J. Aspirin Use and Risk of Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1645-55. [PMID: 26315555 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Altinoz MA, Tunalı NE. Trinucleotide repeat expansions in human breast cancer-susceptibility genes: relevant targets for aspirin chemoprevention? Clin Transl Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26199016 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defining novel molecular mechanisms pertinent to aspirin chemoprevention of breast cancer (BC) and to explain controversial epidemiological results in this regard. METHODS Literature search in relevant databases with the following key words; aspirin, nucleotide repeat expansions, breast cancer. Human genome contains nucleotide repeat expansions and exon-1 of the androgen receptor gene AR contains a CAG string with an average of 20 repeats. Longer AR CAG repeats associate with lower AR protein functioning leading relatively higher estrogen receptor signals and higher risk of hormone receptor-positive BC. Nucleotide repeat expansions also exist in E2F4 and POLG genes in BC. In cell culture models, aspirin reduces CAG.CTG expansions in kidney cells and restores myogenic differentiation in cells obtained from tissues with myotonic dystrophy, a disorder caused by large CTG expansions. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that aspirin reduction of trinucleotide repeat expansions in breast cancer-susceptibility genes may be one of the relevant mechanisms of its chemopreventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Altinoz
- Department of Immunology, Experimental Medicine Research Institute - DETAE, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - N E Tunalı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Vaught DB, Stanford JC, Cook RS. Efferocytosis creates a tumor microenvironment supportive of tumor survival and metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 29264372 DOI: 10.14800/ccm.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, occurs in nearly all tissues of all multi-cellular organisms. In order to avoid leakage of intracellular contents, which could generate tissue damaging inflammation, apoptotic cells are cleared from tissues by phagocytes, which then dispatch the engulfed dying cell through the lysosomal pathway. Phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells is referred to as efferocytosis. One key feature of efferocytosis is the production and release of wound healing cytokines by the phagocyte, which acts to resolve inflammation, and promote tissue repair. Phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic cells coupled with cytokine modulation aimed at immune suppression ensures that physiological programmed cell death does not induce inflammation and tissue damage. However, cytokines involved in wound healing and immune suppression are notorious for their role in the tumor microenvironment, increasing tumor cell motility and promoting evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, current and future studies aimed at targeting important players of efferocytosis should reveal new and efficacious therapeutic approaches for limiting cancer progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Vaught
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Jamie C Stanford
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA.,Department of Breast Cancer Research Program Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
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27
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Qin S, Xu C, Li S, Yang C, Sun X, Wang X, Tang SC, Ren H. Indomethacin induces apoptosis in the EC109 esophageal cancer cell line by releasing second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase and activating caspase-3. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4694-700. [PMID: 25673090 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with a reduced risk of various types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of NSAIDs in esophageal cancer remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a significant inhibition in cell viability was observed in the EC109 cells following treatment with different concentrations of indomethacin, and these effects occurred in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. This inhibition was due to the release of second mitochondria‑derived activator of caspase (Smac) into the cytosol and the activation of caspase‑3. Subsequently, flow cytometry was performed to investigate indomethacin‑induced apoptosis following the overexpression or knockdown of Smac, and western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of Smac and the activation of caspase‑3. Overexpression of Smac was promoted apoptosis, while downregulation of Smac significantly inhibited apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that indomethacin induced apoptosis through releasing Smac into the cytosol and activating caspase‑3. These results indicated that Smac is essential for the apoptosis induced by indomethacin in esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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28
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de Pedro M, Baeza S, Escudero MT, Dierssen-Sotos T, Gómez-Acebo I, Pollán M, Llorca J. Effect of COX-2 inhibitors and other non-steroidal inflammatory drugs on breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:525-36. [PMID: 25589172 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use and breast cancer risk shows a slightly protective effect of these drugs, but previous studies lack randomized clinical trial results and present high heterogeneity in exposure measurement. This systematic review and meta-analysis widens the knowledge about NSAID use and breast cancer risk, updating the information from the last meta-analysis, focusing on evidence on specific effects of COX-2 inhibitors and differential expression patterns of hormonal receptors. A PubMed-database search was conducted to include all entries published with the keywords "BREAST CANCER NSAID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY" until 10/24/2013 providing original results from cohort studies, case-control studies, or randomized clinical trials with at least one reported relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) on the association between any NSAID use and incidence of invasive breast cancer. This resulted in 49 publications, from which the information was retrieved about type of study, exposure characteristics, breast cancer characteristics, and breast cancer-NSAID association. Meta-analyses were performed separately for case-control and cohort studies and for different hormone-receptor status. NSAID use reduced invasive breast cancer risk by about 20 %. A similar effect was found for aspirin, acetaminophen, COX-2 inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, ibuprofen. The effect of aspirin was similar in preventing hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. This meta-analysis suggests a slightly protective effect of NSAIDs-especially aspirin and COX-2 inhibitors- against breast cancer, which seems to be restricted to ER/PR+tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Pedro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nuevo Belén University Hospital, Madrid, Spain,
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29
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Al Hasawi N, Alkandari MF, Luqmani YA. Phosphofructokinase: a mediator of glycolytic flux in cancer progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:312-21. [PMID: 24910089 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the current limitations of cancer chemotherapy, there has been resurgent interest in re-visiting glycolysis to determine whether tumors could be killed by energy deprivation rather than solely by strategies to inhibit proliferation. Cancer cells exhibit a uniquely high rate of glucose utilization, converting it into lactate whose export subsequently creates an acidic extracellular environment that is thought to promote invasion and metastasis, in preference to its complete oxidation even in the presence of adequate oxygen supply. Reductive analysis of each step of glycolysis shows that, of the three rate limiting enzymes of the pathway, isoforms of phosphofructokinase may afford the greatest opportunity as targets to deprive cancer cells from essential energy and substrates for macromolecular synthesis for proliferation while allowing normal cells to survive. Strategies discussed include restricting the substrate for this enzyme. While prospects for monotherapy with glycolytic inhibitors are poor, combination therapy may be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Al Hasawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Mariam F Alkandari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Yunus A Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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30
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Sendur MAN, Aksoy S, Ozdemir NY, Zengin N, Altundag K. Impact of acetylsalicylic Acid on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2014; 9:261-6. [PMID: 25404885 DOI: 10.1159/000365952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer has not yet been elucidated in detail; we therefore aimed to investigate the effects of ASA on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Breast cancer patients who were taking ASA at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were enrolled as ASA users (n = 84); matching patients with the same age who were not taking ASA were included as control group (n = 890). RESULTS The median age was 56 (range 34-82) years in both groups. ASA users had a significantly lower incidence of grade II-III tumors compared to non-users (P = 0.02). The other clinicopathological characteristics and treatment histories were similar in both groups. In patients using ASA, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 97.3%, 89.4%, and 79.9% and in non-users it was 94.1%, 81.8%, and 70.9% in the 1rst, 3rd, and 5th year, respectively (P = 0.01). In aspirin users, the overall survival rate was 95.0%, 90.6%, and 87.6% and in non-users it was 98.1%, 91.2%, and 85.5% in the 1rst, 3rd, and 5th year, respectively (P = 0.50). CONCLUSION Using ASA at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was associated with significantly improved DFS in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet A N Sendur
- Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Medical Oncology Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Y Ozdemir
- Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Medical Oncology Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Zengin
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadri Altundag
- Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Connor AE, Baumgartner RN, Baumgartner KB, Pinkston CM, Boone SD, John EM, Torres-Mejía G, Hines LM, Giuliano AR, Wolff RK, Slattery ML. Associations between ALOX, COX, and CRP polymorphisms and breast cancer among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: The breast cancer health disparities study. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1541-53. [PMID: 25339205 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is suggested to be associated with specific cancer sites, including breast cancer. Recent research has focused on the roles of genes involved in the leukotriene/lipoxygenase and prostaglandin/cyclooxygenase pathways in breast cancer etiology. We hypothesized that genes in ALOX/COX pathways and CRP polymorphisms would be associated with breast cancer risk and mortality in our sample of Hispanic/Native American (NA) (1430 cases, 1599 controls) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) (2093 cases, 2610 controls) women. A total of 104 Ancestral Informative Markers was used to distinguish European and NA ancestry. The adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) method was used to determine the significance of associations for each gene and the inflammation pathway with breast cancer risk and by NA ancestry. Overall, the pathway was associated with breast cancer risk (PARTP = 0.01). Two-way interactions with NA ancestry (P(adj) < 0.05) were observed for ALOX12 (rs2292350, rs2271316) and PTGS1 (rs10306194). We observed increases in breast cancer risk in stratified analyses by tertiles of polyunsaturated fat intake for ALOX12 polymorphisms; the largest increase in risk was among women in the highest tertile with ALOX12 rs9904779CC (Odds Ratio (OR), 1.49; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.14-1.94, P(adj) = 0.01). In a sub-analysis stratified by NSAIDs use, two-way interactions with NSAIDs use were found for ALOX12 rs9904779 (P(adj) = 0.02), rs434473 (P(adj ) = 0.02), and rs1126667 (P(adj) = 0.01); ORs for ALOX12 polymorphisms ranged from 1.55 to 1.64 among regular users. Associations were not observed with breast cancer mortality. These findings could support advances in the discovery of new pathways related to inflammation for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avonne E Connor
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard N Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kathy B Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christina M Pinkston
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Stephanie D Boone
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lisa M Hines
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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32
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Harris RE, Casto BC, Harris ZM. Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:677-692. [PMID: 25302170 PMCID: PMC4129532 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following: (1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis; (2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis (mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) biosynthesis; (3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis; (4) extrahepatic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and (5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive over-expression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the “inflammogenesis of breast cancer”.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer-specific mortality in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:415-21. [PMID: 25151293 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies report a protective association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer risk, a finding consistent with NSAID-mediated suppression of aromatase-driven estrogen biosynthesis. However, the association between NSAID use and breast cancer-specific mortality is uncertain and it is unknown whether this relationship differs by hormone receptor status. This study comprised 935 invasive breast cancer cases, of which 490 were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, enrolled between 1996 and 2001 in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Self-reported NSAID use in the decade prior to diagnosis was categorized by duration and regularity of use. Differences in tumor size, stage, node, and receptor status by NSAID use were examined using Chi-square tests. Associations between NSAID use and breast cancer-specific mortality were examined using age- and race-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis. Tumor characteristics did not differ by NSAID use. Increased duration and regularity of NSAID use was associated with reduced breast cancer-specific mortality in women with ER-positive tumors (long-term regular use (≥8 days/month for ≥ 3 years) versus no use; hazard ratio (HR) 0.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.98), with a statistically significant trend with increasing duration and regularity (p-trend = 0.036). There was no association for ER-negative cases (HR 1.19; 95 %CI 0.50-2.81; p-trend = 0.891). Long-term, regular NSAID use in the decade prior to breast cancer diagnosis was associated with reduced breast cancer-specific mortality in ER-positive cases. If confirmed, these findings support the hypothesis that potential chemopreventive properties of NSAIDs are mediated, at least in part, through suppression of estrogen biosynthesis.
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Cui Y, Deming-Halverson SL, Shrubsole MJ, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Cai H, Fair AM, Shu XO, Zheng W. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reduced breast cancer risk among overweight women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146:439-46. [PMID: 24986698 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Adipose tissues produce proinflammatory cytokines, and obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. We evaluated the association of regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk, overall and by body mass index (BMI) and tumor subtypes defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. We conducted a population-based, case-control study involving 5,078 women aged 25-75 years who were recruited primarily from the Nashville metropolitan area of Tennessee. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for breast cancer risk after adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors. Regular use of any NSAID was associated with significantly reduced breast cancer risk (OR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.69-0.89). This association was observed for regular use of baby aspirin only (OR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.69-0.99), other NSAIDs only (OR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.69-0.95), and both baby aspirin and other NSAIDs (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.40-0.69). These significant inverse associations were found among overweight women (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2)) overall and by subtypes of breast cancer, but not among women with BMI <25 kg/m(2) (P for interaction = 0.023). Regular use of NSAIDs was inversely associated with breast cancer risk, particularly among overweight women. Overweight women may benefit more from the protective effects of NSAID use than normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, 8th floor, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
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Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors involved in breast cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1419-31. [PMID: 24222504 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary reason for the high mortality rate of breast cancer is metastasis, which can result in a poor survival rate. The tumor environment is important for promotion and invasion of cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is associated with breast cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of the inflammatory and microenvironment in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The present review summarizes some of the markers for inflammation and breast cancer invasion, which may aid in the design of an appropriate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The following four inflammatory markers are discussed in this review: (1) Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); (2) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); (3) Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P); (4) C-reactive protein (CRP). TAMs are commonly found in breast cancer patients, and high infiltration is positively correlated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. MMPs are well-known for their roles in the degradation of ECM components when cancer cells invade and migrate. MMPs are also associated with inflammation through recruitment of a variety of stromal cells such as fibroblasts and leukocytes. S1P is an inflammatory lipid and is involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. Recent studies indicate that S1P participates in breast cancer invasion in various ways. CRP is used clinically to indicate the outcome of cancer patients as well as acute inflammatory status. This review summarizes the current understanding on the role of S1P in CRP expression which promotes the breast epithelial cell invasion, suggesting a specific mechanism linking inflammation and breast cancer. The present review might be useful for understanding the relationship between inflammation and breast cancer for the development of pharmacological interventions that may control the primary molecules involved in the breast cancer microenvironment.
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Tao MH, Hainaut P, Marian C, Nie J, Ambrosone C, Edge SB, Trevisan M, Dorn J, Shields PG, Freudenheim JL. Association of prediagnostic physical activity with survival following breast cancer diagnosis: influence of TP53 mutation status. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:2177-86. [PMID: 24068557 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity both before and after breast cancer diagnosis has been associated with improved survival. However, it is not clear whether this association differs by molecular features of the tumor or by recency of the physical activity to the time of diagnosis. METHODS We examined the association of prediagnostic physical activity with survival in a cohort of 1,170 women with primary, incident, and histologically confirmed breast cancer, examining tumor molecular subtypes. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 87.4 months after breast cancer diagnosis; there were 170 deaths identified. Compared with inactive patients (<3 h/week), women with higher average lifetime physical activity (>6 h/week) had reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.61, 95 % CI 0.40-0.95; p trend =0.04). There were no clear differences in the associations for lifetime and more recent physical activity. Lifetime physical activity was also weakly associated with decreased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality. Higher lifetime physical activity was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality among women with ER-positive tumors (HR = 0.52, 95 % CI 0.29-0.93) and mutant TP53 tumors (HR = 0.22, 95 % CI 0.06-0.72); however, no statistically significant interactions were observed for ER or TP53 status. CONCLUSIONS Our study further supports that prediagnostic physical activity improves overall survival following breast cancer and suggests that the associations of prediagnostic physical activity with survival following breast cancer may vary by molecular features of the tumor, particularly ER and TP53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Tao
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA,
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Brasky TM, Li Y, Jaworowicz DJ, Potischman N, Ambrosone CB, Hutson AD, Nie J, Shields PG, Trevisan M, Rudra CB, Edge SB, Freudenheim JL. Pregnancy-related characteristics and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1675-85. [PMID: 23737027 PMCID: PMC3737361 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast tissues undergo extensive physiologic changes during pregnancy, which may affect breast carcinogenesis. Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational diabetes, pregnancy weight gain, and nausea and vomiting (N&V) during pregnancy may be indicative of altered hormonal and metabolic profiles and could impact breast cancer risk. Here, we examined associations between these characteristics of a woman's pregnancy and her subsequent breast cancer risk. Participants were parous women that were recruited to a population-based case-control study (Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer Study). Cases (n = 960), aged 35-79 years, had incident, primary, histologically confirmed breast cancer. Controls (n = 1,852) were randomly selected from motor vehicle records (< 65 years) or Medicare rolls (≥ 65 years). Women were queried on their lifetime pregnancy experiences. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). N&V during pregnancy was inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Relative to those who never experienced N&V, ever experiencing N&V was associated with decreased risk (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.84) as were increased N&V severity (p trend < 0.001), longer duration (p trend < 0.01), and larger proportion of affected pregnancies (p trend < 0.0001) among women with ≥ 3 pregnancies. Associations were stronger for more recent pregnancies (< 5 years). Findings did not differ by menopausal status or breast cancer subtype including estrogen receptor and HER2 expression status. Other pregnancy characteristics examined were not associated with risk. We observed strong inverse associations between pregnancy N&V and breast cancer risk. Replication of these findings and exploration of underlying mechanisms could provide important insight into breast cancer etiology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore M Brasky
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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TODO MOMOKO, HORINAKA MANO, TOMOSUGI MITSUHIRO, TANAKA RYOICHI, IKAWA HARUNA, SOWA YOSHIHIRO, ISHIKAWA HIDEKI, FUJIWARA HITOSHI, OTSUJI EIGO, SAKAI TOSHIYUKI. Ibuprofen enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2379-84. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Weaver AM, McCann SE, Nie J, Edge SB, Nochajski TH, Russell M, Trevisan M, Freudenheim JL. Alcohol intake over the life course and breast cancer survival in Western New York exposures and breast cancer (WEB) study: quantity and intensity of intake. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:245-53. [PMID: 23605086 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol intake is a risk factor for breast cancer, but the association between alcohol and mortality among breast cancer survivors is poorly understood. We examined the association between alcohol intake from all sources, assessed by cognitive lifetime drinking history, and all-cause and breast cancer mortality among women with breast cancer (N = 1,097) who participated in a population-based case-control study. Vital status was ascertained through 2006 using the National Death Index. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we computed hazard ratios for all-cause and breast cancer mortality in association with alcohol intake. We examined lifetime volume and intensity (drinks per drinking day) of alcohol consumption as well as drinking status during various life periods. Analyses were stratified by menopausal status. After adjustment for total intake, postmenopausal women with consumption of four or more drinks per drinking day over their lifetimes were nearly three times more likely to die from any cause compared to abstainers (HR 2.94, 95 % CI 1.31, 6.62). There was a similar but non-significant association with breast cancer mortality (HR 2.68, 95 % CI 0.94, 7.67). Postmenopausal women who drank one drink or fewer per drinking day between menarche and first birth had a significantly decreased hazard of all-cause (HR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.31, 0.95) and breast cancer mortality (HR 0.27, 95 % CI 0.09, 0.77). Premenopausal breast cancer survival was not associated with drinking intensity. We observed no associations between drinking status or total volume of alcohol intake and breast cancer or all-cause mortality. High-intensity alcohol consumption may be associated with decreased survival in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Low-intensity alcohol consumption between menarche and first birth may be inversely associated with all-cause and breast cancer mortality; this period may be critical for development of and survival from breast cancer. Intensity of alcohol intake may be a more important factor than absolute volume of intake on survival in women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Weaver
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Basu S, Nachat-Kappes R, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP. Eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:323-60. [PMID: 22746381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the foremost risk factors for different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. Additional risk factors of this pathology in postmenopausal women are weight gain, obesity, estrogen secretion, and an imbalance in the production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Various signaling products of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in particular inflammatory eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines, are thought to be involved in chronic inflammation-induced cancer. Together, these key components have an influence on inflammatory reactions in malignant tissue damage when their levels are deregulated endogenously. Prostaglandins (PGs) are well recognized in inflammation and cancer, and they are solely biosynthesized through cyclooxygenases (COXs) from arachidonic acid. Concurrently, ROS give rise to bioactive isoprostanes from arachidonic acid precursors that are also involved in acute and chronic inflammation, but their specific characteristics in breast cancer are less demonstrated. Higher aromatase activity, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, is intimately connected to tumor growth in the breast through estrogen synthesis, and is interrelated to COXs that catalyze the formation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory PGs such as PGE(2), PGF(2α), PGD(2), and PGJ(2) synchronously under the influence of specific mediators and downstream enzymes. Some of the latter compounds upsurge the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and appear to be associated with estrogen synthesis. This review discusses the role of COX- and ROS-catalyzed eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer, and therefore ranges from their molecular mechanisms to clinical aspects to understand the impact of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Veitonmäki T, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Murtola TJ. Use of aspirin, but not other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with decreased prostate cancer risk at the population level. Eur J Cancer 2012; 49:938-45. [PMID: 23079475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme overexpression in prostate cancer has led to the hypothesis that COX-2 inhibition may reduce prostate cancer growth. Some previous studies have linked the usage of COX-2 inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with a decreased prostate cancer risk. We estimated the association between cumulative COX-2 inhibition by NSAID usage and prostate cancer risk at population level. All new prostate cancer cases in Finland during 1995-2002 and matched controls (24,657 case-control pairs) were identified from national registries. Detailed information on medication purchases was obtained from a national prescription database. A total cumulative COX-2 inhibition value was calculated based on total cumulative mg amount of each NSAID drug and the drug-specific COX-1/COX-2 inhibition ratio. Prostate cancer risk was analysed with propensity score-matched conditional logistic regression model. In total, 53.8% of the cases and 46.5% of the controls had any prescription-use of NSAIDs, while 8.1% and 7.9%, respectively, had used aspirin. Compared to the non-users, any NSAID use was associated with an elevated overall prostate cancer risk (46.4% versus 53.6%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.4) and risk of advanced cancer (11.8% versus 14.1%; OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5, 1.8). The risk remained elevated despite the amount of cumulative COX-2 inhibition. In a separate analysis, the risk increase was similar for each NSAID with the exception of aspirin, which was associated with a decreased overall prostate cancer risk (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.96) in a dose-dependent fashion. NSAID use is associated with an increased prostate cancer risk at the population level regardless of the COX-2 inhibition. This may be explained by systematic differences between prescription NSAID users and non-users. In contrast, aspirin use is associated with a decreased overall prostate cancer risk. Further studies on aspirin and prostate cancer will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Veitonmäki
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Zhang X, Smith-Warner SA, Collins LC, Rosner B, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:3468-77. [PMID: 22927520 PMCID: PMC3454769 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.42.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The associations between use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen and breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women are uncertain. We examined these associations with breast cancer, both overall and by molecular subtype. PATIENTS AND METHODS We observed 84,602 postmenopausal women, free of cancer in 1980, until June 2008 and prospectively collected data on analgesic use, reproductive history, and other lifestyle factors using biennial questionnaires. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS We documented 4,734 cases of incident invasive breast cancer. Compared with nonuse of aspirin, multivariable RRs of regular aspirin use (≥ two tablets per week) for more than 20 years were 0.91 for overall breast cancer (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.01; P(trend) = 0.16), 0.90 for estrogen receptor (ER) -positive progesterone receptor (PR) -positive breast cancer (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.06; P(trend) = 0.17), and 0.91 for ER-negative PR-negative breast cancer (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.22; P(trend) = 0.97). Results did not vary appreciably by past or current use, days per week of use, or dosage of use. Use of other NSAIDs and acetaminophen was largely not significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Additionally, use of higher doses of each analgesic (≥ six tablets per week) for more than 10 years was generally not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer, either overall or by subtype. Furthermore, largely no substantial associations were noted for breast cancer molecular subtypes, including luminal A, luminal B, triple negative, basal-like, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) negative, and COX-2 positive. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that use of aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen is not importantly associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, either overall or by specific subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Channing Laboratory at Landmark Center, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bosetti C, Rosato V, Gallus S, Cuzick J, La Vecchia C. Aspirin and cancer risk: a quantitative review to 2011. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1403-15. [PMID: 22517822 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin has been associated to a reduced risk of colorectal and possibly of a few other common cancers. METHODS To provide an up-to-date quantification of this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of all observational studies on aspirin and 12 selected cancer sites published up to September 2011. RESULTS Regular aspirin is associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of colorectal cancer [summary relative risk (RR) from random effects models = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.79], and of other digestive tract cancers (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.50-0.76, for squamous cell esophageal cancer; RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.52-0.78, for esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; and RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83, for gastric cancer), with somewhat stronger reductions in risk in case-control than in cohort studies. Modest inverse associations were also observed for breast (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.95) and prostate cancer (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96), while lung cancer was significantly reduced in case-control studies (0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.98) but not in cohort ones (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.92-1.05). No meaningful overall associations were observed for cancers of the pancreas, endometrium, ovary, bladder, and kidney. CONCLUSIONS Observational studies indicate a beneficial role of aspirin on colorectal and other digestive tract cancers; modest risk reductions were also observed for breast and prostate cancer. Results are, however, heterogeneous across studies and dose-risk and duration-risk relationships are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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Bontempi G, Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, Quackenbush J. Multiple-input multiple-output causal strategies for gene selection. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:458. [PMID: 22118187 PMCID: PMC3323860 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional strategies for selecting variables in high dimensional classification problems aim to find sets of maximally relevant variables able to explain the target variations. If these techniques may be effective in generalization accuracy they often do not reveal direct causes. The latter is essentially related to the fact that high correlation (or relevance) does not imply causation. In this study, we show how to efficiently incorporate causal information into gene selection by moving from a single-input single-output to a multiple-input multiple-output setting. RESULTS We show in synthetic case study that a better prioritization of causal variables can be obtained by considering a relevance score which incorporates a causal term. In addition we show, in a meta-analysis study of six publicly available breast cancer microarray datasets, that the improvement occurs also in terms of accuracy. The biological interpretation of the results confirms the potential of a causal approach to gene selection. CONCLUSIONS Integrating causal information into gene selection algorithms is effective both in terms of prediction accuracy and biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bontempi
- Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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