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Pu J, Bandos A, Yu T, Wang R, Yuan JM, Herman J, Wilson D. Pulmonary circulatory system characteristics are associated with future lung cancer risk. Med Phys 2024; 51:2589-2597. [PMID: 38159298 PMCID: PMC10994761 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the subjects eligible for annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung screening will not develop lung cancer for their life. It is important to identify novel biomarkers that can help identify those at risk of developing lung cancer and improve the efficiency of LDCT screening programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association between the morphology of the pulmonary circulatory system (PCS) and lung cancer development using LDCT scans acquired in the screening setting. METHODS We analyzed the PLuSS cohort of 3635 lung screening patients from 2002 to 2016. Circulatory structures were segmented and quantified from LDCT scans. The time from the baseline CT scan to lung cancer diagnosis, accounting for death, was used to evaluate the prognostic ability (i.e., hazard ratio (HR)) of these structures independently and with demographic factors. Five-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate prognostic scores. RESULTS Intrapulmonary vein volume had the strongest association with future lung cancer (HR = 0.63, p < 0.001). The joint model of intrapulmonary vein volume, age, smoking status, and clinical emphysema provided the strongest prognostic ability (HR = 2.20, AUC = 0.74). The addition of circulatory structures improved risk stratification, identifying the top 10% with 28% risk of lung cancer within 15 years. CONCLUSION PCS characteristics, particularly intrapulmonary vein volume, are important predictors of lung cancer development. These factors significantly improve prognostication based on demographic factors and noncirculatory patient characteristics, particularly in the long term. Approximately 10% of the population can be identified with risk several times greater than average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Pu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
| | - Andriy Bandos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian-min Yuan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David Wilson
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Wu Z, Xie S, Wang F, Chen S, Su K, Li F, Cui H, Cao W, Yu Y, Qin C, Zheng Y, Dong X, Yang Z, Luo Z, Zhao L, Xu Y, Chen H, Li J, Wang G, Wu S, Dai M, Li N, He J. BMI changes and the risk of lung cancer in male never-smokers: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1336-1346. [PMID: 35102723 PMCID: PMC8894701 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between the risk of lung cancer and short-term body mass index (BMI) changes in male never-smokers of a large population-based prospective study. METHODS A total of 37,085 male never-smokers from Kailuan cohort with at least ≥2 BMI measurements were recruited in the present study. The BMI change in the follow-up was calculated as the annual percent change between BMI at last examination and that at baseline, and categorized into five groups: stable (-0.1 to <0.1 kg/m2 /year), minor loss (-1.0 to <0.1 kg/m2 /year) or gain (0.1 to <1.0 kg/m2 /year), and major loss (<-1.0 kg/m2 /year) or gain (≥1.0 kg/m2 /year). The hazards ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.16 years, 224 lung cancer cases were identified. We found a U-shaped association between BMI changes and lung cancer risk. Compared to men with stable BMI, those with major loss had a nearly twofold higher risk of lung cancer (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.12-3.45), as well as those with major gain had more than twofold higher risk of lung cancer (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.15-4.02). The associations existed when the analysis was stratified by BMI, waist circumference and blood lipids, and lipoproteins concentration at baseline examination. CONCLUSIONS The dramatic changes in BMI, both gain and loss, might increase lung cancer risk. The control of body weight would be a potential way for lung cancer prevention especially for the nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghua Xie
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Yu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Zheng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesi Dong
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoyu Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Luo
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Oncology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Min Dai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pitkäniemi J, Heikkinen S, Seppä K, Ryynänen H, Ylöstalo T, Eriksson JG, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Koskinen S, Männistö S, Albanes D, Rissanen H, Malila N, Laaksonen MA. Pooling of Finnish population-based health studies: lifestyle risk factors of colorectal and lung cancer. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1338-1342. [PMID: 32657191 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1789214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ylöstalo
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit A. Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Abdel-Rahman O. Pre-diagnostic body mass index trajectory in relationship to lung cancer incidence and mortality; findings from the PLCO trial. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1029-1035. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1656532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sanikini H, Yuan JM, Butler LM, Koh WP, Gao YT, Steffen A, Johansson M, Vineis P, Goodman GE, Barnett MJ, Hung RJ, Chen C, Stücker I. Body mass index and lung cancer risk: a pooled analysis based on nested case-control studies from four cohort studies. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:220. [PMID: 29471809 PMCID: PMC5824613 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been proposed as a potential protective factor against lung cancer. We examined the association between BMI and lung cancer risk in a pooled analysis based on nested case-control studies from four cohort studies. METHODS A case-control study was nested within four cohorts in USA, Europe, China and Singapore that included 4172 cases and 8471 control subjects. BMI at baseline was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2), and classified into 4 categories: underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) and obese (≥30). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BMI-lung cancer associations were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Considering all participants, and using normal weight as the reference group, a decreased risk of lung cancer was observed for those who were overweight (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.86) and obese (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59-0.82). In the stratified analysis by smoking status, the decreased risk for lung cancer was observed among current, former and never smokers (P for interaction 0.002). The adjusted ORs for overweight and obese groups were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68-0.92) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.93) for current smokers, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53-0.93) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.37-0.80) for former smokers, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-0.99), and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.44-1.14) for never smokers, respectively. While no statistically significant association was observed for underweight subjects who were current smokers (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.98-1.58), former smokers (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.61) and never smokers (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.5.-1.28). CONCLUSION The results of this study provide additional evidence that obesity is associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. Further biological studies are needed to address this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinakshi Sanikini
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lesley M. Butler
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Annika Steffen
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary E. Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matt J. Barnett
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
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Dewi NU, Boshuizen HC, Johansson M, Vineis P, Kampman E, Steffen A, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Overvad K, Severi G, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kaaks R, Li K, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Klinaki E, Tumino R, Palli D, Mattiello A, Tagliabue G, Peeters PH, Vermeulen R, Weiderpass E, Torhild Gram I, Huerta JM, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Quirós JR, Sonestedt E, Johansson M, Grankvist K, Key T, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Cross AJ, Norat T, Riboli E, Fanidi A, Muller D, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB. Anthropometry and the Risk of Lung Cancer in EPIC. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:129-39. [PMID: 27370791 PMCID: PMC4945700 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations of body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measurements with lung cancer were examined in 348,108 participants in the European Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) between 1992 and 2010. The study population included 2,400 case patients with incident lung cancer, and the average length of follow-up was 11 years. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models in which we modeled smoking variables with cubic splines. Overall, there was a significant inverse association between BMI (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) and the risk of lung cancer after adjustment for smoking and other confounders (for BMI of 30.0-34.9 versus 18.5-25.0, hazard ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 0.84). The strength of the association declined with increasing follow-up time. Conversely, after adjustment for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were significantly positively associated with lung cancer risk (for the highest category of waist circumference vs. the lowest, hazard ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.50). Given the decline of the inverse association between BMI and lung cancer over time, the association is likely at least partly due to weight loss resulting from preclinical lung cancer that was present at baseline. Residual confounding by smoking could also have influenced our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendriek C. Boshuizen
- Correspondence to Dr. Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Department of Statistics, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling (SIM), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands (e-mail:)
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7
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Gao C, Patel CJ, Michailidou K, Peters U, Gong J, Schildkraut J, Schumacher FR, Zheng W, Boffetta P, Stucker I, Willett W, Gruber S, Easton DF, Hunter DJ, Sellers TA, Haiman C, Henderson BE, Hung RJ, Amos C, Pierce BL, Lindström S, Kraft P. Mendelian randomization study of adiposity-related traits and risk of breast, ovarian, prostate, lung and colorectal cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:896-908. [PMID: 27427428 PMCID: PMC6372135 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity traits have been associated with risk of many cancers in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic predictors of risk factors as instrumental variables to eliminate reverse causation and reduce confounding bias. We performed MR analyses to assess the possible causal relationship of birthweight, childhood and adult body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) on the risks of breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers. METHODS We tested the association between genetic risk scores and each trait using summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and from 51 537 cancer cases and 61 600 controls in the Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) Consortium. RESULTS We found an inverse association between the genetic score for childhood BMI and risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71 per standard deviation (s.d.) increase in childhood BMI; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 0.80; P = 6.5 × 10(-5)). We also found the genetic score for adult BMI to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 0.66 per s.d. increase in BMI; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.77; P = 2.5 × 10(-7)), and positively associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.72; P = 0.017), lung cancer (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.49; P = 2.9 × 10(-3)) and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.82, P = 0.016). The inverse association between genetically predicted adult BMI and breast cancer risk remained even after adjusting for directional pleiotropy via MR-Egger regression. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide additional understandings of the complex relationship between adiposity and cancer risks. Our results for breast and lung cancer are particularly interesting, given previous reports of effect heterogeneity by menopausal status and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Gao
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus and
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Stucker
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Amos
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Body mass index and risk of lung cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16938. [PMID: 26582414 PMCID: PMC4652238 DOI: 10.1038/srep16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Questions remain about the significance of the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer (LC) risk. Pertinent studies were identified through a search in EMBASE and PUBMED from July 2014 until March 2015. The summary relative risk (SRR) and confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The dose-response relationship was assessed using a restricted cubic spline. The overall meta-analysis showed evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and LC risk (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). The SRR were 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95-1.01) for 25 kg/m(2), 0.91 (95%CI: 0.85-0.98) for 30 kg/m(2) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.91) for 35 kg/m(2), with mild between-study heterogeneity (I(2) = 5%). The results of the stratified analysis by gender were comparable to those of the overall meta-analysis. When stratified by smoking status, linear dose-response associations were observed for current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers (Pnonlinearity > 0.05), whereas the effects were attenuated when restricting analysis to non-smokers, and at the point of 30 kg/m(2), the SRR was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.86-1.07) for males and 0.95 (95%CI: 0.89-1.02) for females. This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence that increasing BMI is a protective factor against LC. Keeping normal-to-moderate BMI should be prescribed as an evidence-based lifestyle tip for LC prevention in smokers.
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10
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Everatt R, Virvičiūtė D, Kuzmickienė I, Tamošiūnas A. Body mass index, cholesterol level and risk of lung cancer in Lithuanian men. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:361-5. [PMID: 25084690 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), total serum cholesterol (TSC) level and risk of lung cancer in a Lithuanian population-based cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 6729 men initially free from cancer. During the follow-up (1978-2008), 358 lung cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Following adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and education, BMI 25-29.9 and ≥30.0kg/m(2) hazard ratios (HR) were significantly associated with decreasing risk for lung cancer, HR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.91 and 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.87, respectively (ptrend=0.001) compared to BMI<25 kg/m(2). Inverse association between BMI and lung cancer was observed among current smokers. We found no evidence that BMI was associated with decreased lung cancer risk in never smokers, although small sample size precluded meaningful analysis. Not significantly lower risk of lung cancer among participants in the 5th quintile compared with the 1st quintile of TSC concentrations was observed. HR per 1 mmol/l increase of TSC was 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.00. Findings suggest consistent effects of BMI and TSC when follow-up was 1993-2008. CONCLUSION Our results show an inverse dose-dependent association between lung cancer risk and BMI in Lithuanian men, especially among current smokers. The inverse association could not be attributed to preclinical cancer effect hypothesis. TSC level was not statistically significantly related to a lung cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Everatt
- Group of Epidemiology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Baublio 3B, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Dalia Virvičiūtė
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Kuzmickienė
- Group of Epidemiology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Baublio 3B, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamošiūnas
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Mattei F, Guida F, Matrat M, Cenée S, Cyr D, Sanchez M, Radoi L, Menvielle G, Jellouli F, Carton M, Bara S, Marrer E, Luce D, Stücker I. Exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer: results of the ICARE study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:681-9. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pollution in the working place and social status: co-factors in lung cancer carcinogenesis. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:346-50. [PMID: 24999084 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apart from the association with tobacco consumption, other factors of importance for prevention and early diagnosis of lung cancer have received little attention. We present a case-control study focusing on professional exposure to carcinogens and social status. METHODS A written questionnaire was completed by 551 consecutive patients with lung cancer and 494 patients with large bowel cancer. The groups were balanced regarding gender and age distribution. The questionnaire included data on place of birth, education, smoking history, diet and alcohol intake, body weight and height, occupation, housing conditions and family income. According to standard epidemiological criteria, professional exposure to carcinogens was classified as professions with exposure to confirmed lung cancer carcinogens, professions with exposure to suspected lung cancer carcinogens and other professions. RESULTS As expected, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding smoking status. While there were no significant differences in educational levels, more immigrants were among patients with lung cancer (17.9% vs 11.6%, p=0.005). On average, lung cancer patients had a lower body mass index (BMI) at 24.77, as compared to 26.14 for large bowel cancer (p=0.000). Lung cancer patients had lower income and poorer housing conditions; the bivariate difference was significant both for income levels (p=0.046) and type of residence (p=0.009). The proportion of patients working in professions with exposures to known carcinogens was 33.5% for lung cancer, and 17.1% for large bowel cancer (p=0.000). In the multivariate analysis, smoking (p=0.000), BMI (p=0.000) and type of occupation (p=0.001) were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS While there is no doubt about smoking in lung cancer carcinogenesis, professional exposure to carcinogens and belonging to lower socio-economic strata also play an important role.
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Hastie DI, Liverani S, Azizi L, Richardson S, Stücker I. A semi-parametric approach to estimate risk functions associated with multi-dimensional exposure profiles: application to smoking and lung cancer. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13:129. [PMID: 24152389 PMCID: PMC3827926 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common characteristic of environmental epidemiology is the multi-dimensional aspect of exposure patterns, frequently reduced to a cumulative exposure for simplicity of analysis. By adopting a flexible Bayesian clustering approach, we explore the risk function linking exposure history to disease. This approach is applied here to study the relationship between different smoking characteristics and lung cancer in the framework of a population based case control study. METHODS Our study includes 4658 males (1995 cases, 2663 controls) with full smoking history (intensity, duration, time since cessation, pack-years) from the ICARE multi-centre study conducted from 2001-2007. We extend Bayesian clustering techniques to explore predictive risk surfaces for covariate profiles of interest. RESULTS We were able to partition the population into 12 clusters with different smoking profiles and lung cancer risk. Our results confirm that when compared to intensity, duration is the predominant driver of risk. On the other hand, using pack-years of cigarette smoking as a single summary leads to a considerable loss of information. CONCLUSIONS Our method estimates a disease risk associated to a specific exposure profile by robustly accounting for the different dimensions of exposure and will be helpful in general to give further insight into the effect of exposures that are accumulated through different time patterns.
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Radoï L, Paget-Bailly S, Cyr D, Papadopoulos A, Guida F, Tarnaud C, Menvielle G, Schmaus A, Cénée S, Carton M, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Delafosse P, Stücker I, Luce D. Body mass index, body mass change, and risk of oral cavity cancer: results of a large population-based case–control study, the ICARE study. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1437-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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El-Zein M, Parent ME, Nicolau B, Koushik A, Siemiatycki J, Rousseau MC. Body mass index, lifetime smoking intensity and lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1721-31. [PMID: 23553144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is as yet no generally accepted explanation for the common finding that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. We investigated this association in a Canadian population-based case-control study (1996-2002) with a particular view to assessing the hypothesis that the observed association was due to residual confounding by smoking. Analyses were based on 1,076 cases and 1,439 controls who provided their height at enrollment and their weight at two points in time, at age 20 and 2 years before enrollment. BMI, in kg/m(2) , was classified into underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (≥30). Smoking history was synthesized into a comprehensive smoking index (CSI) that integrated duration, intensity and time since quitting. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BMI-lung cancer associations were estimated, adjusting for CSI as well as several sociodemographic, lifestyle and occupational factors. The normal BMI category was used as the reference. Among those who were underweight at age 20, there was a lower risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.95). Conversely, lung cancer risk was increased among those who were underweight 2 years before enrollment (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.30-4.10). The results were almost identical when stratifying analyses based on smoking history into never/lighter and heavier smokers. The inverse association between recent BMI and lung cancer is unlikely to be largely attributable to residual confounding by smoking. Reverse causality or a true relationship between BMI and lung cancer remain plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El-Zein
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
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El-Zein M, Parent ME, Rousseau MC. Comments on a recent meta-analysis: Obesity and lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1962-3. [PMID: 22991251 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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